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Home My WebLink AboutDWQ-2024-001221 Page 1 of 4 Utah Division of Water Quality Statement of Basis ADDENDUM Preliminary Wasteload Analysis and Antidegradation Level I Review Date: May 18, 2023 Prepared by: Christopher L. Shope Standards and Technical Services Facility: Moroni Wastewater Treament Plant Moroni, Utah UPDES Permit No. UT-0020222 Receiving water: San Pitch River (2B,3C,3D,4) This addendum summarizes the wasteload analysis that was performed to determine water quality based effluent limits (WQBEL) for this discharge. Wasteload analyses are performed to determine point source effluent limitations necessary to maintain designated beneficial uses by evaluating projected effects of discharge concentrations on in-stream water quality. The wasteload analysis also takes into account downstream designated uses (UAC R317-2-8). Projected concentrations are compared to numeric water quality standards to determine acceptability. The numeric criteria in this wasteload analysis may be modified by narrative criteria and other conditions determined by staff of the Division of Water Quality (DWQ). Discharge Treated effluent is discharged to the San Pitch River via outfall number 001, which is an 18" underground pipe running southeast from the WWTP through a diffuser into the river. Outfall 001 - The design flow for the system is 1.10 MGD. The annual average flow is 0.50 MGD. The maximum daily flow is 0.72 MGD. Receiving Water Moroni Wastewater Treatment Plant effluent of approximately 10 percent and Pitman Farms Moroni Turkey Processing facility effluent of approximately 90 percent discharge to the San Pitch River. The Publicly Operated Treatment Works (POTW) is operated by Pitman Farms. Per UAC R317-2-13.3(a), the designated beneficial use of the assessment unit in the immediate downstream area is: San Pitch River and tributaries, from confluence with Sevier River to Highway U-132 crossing except As listed below: 2B,3C,3D,4. • Class 2B -- Protected for infrequent primary contact recreation. Also protected for secondary contact recreation where there is a low likelihood of ingestion of water or a low degree of bodily contact with the water. Examples include, but are not limited to, wading, hunting, and fishing. Utah Division of Water Quality Wasteload Analysis Pitman Farms/Moroni WWTP, UPDES Permit No. UT-0020222 Page 2 of 4 • Class 3C - Protected for nongame fish and other aquatic life, including the necessary aquatic organisms in their food chain. • Class 3D -- Protected for waterfowl, shore birds and other water-oriented wildlife not included in Classes 3A, 3B, or 3C, including the necessary aquatic organisms in their food chain. • Class 4 -- Protected for agricultural uses including irrigation of crops and stock watering. Typically, the critical flow for the wasteload analysis is considered the lowest stream flow averaged over seven consecutive days with a ten year return frequency (7Q10). The USGS 10210500 SAN PITCH RIVER NEAR MT PLEASANT, UTAH stream gauge located approximately 5.7 miles upgradient was used to evaluate ambient or background flow conditions. One year of continuous daily discharge data in 1988 to 1989 to statistically analyze flow conditions. This long-term daily flow record used to calculate the 7Q10 critical flow resulted in similar seasonal 20th percentile flow conditions to DWQ 4946960 San Pitch R Ab Moroni WWTP. Therefore, the USGS 10210500 results are used to estimate the seasonal critical flow (Table 1). The average annual critical low flow condition is 3.60 ft3/s. Table 1: Seasonal Critical Flow at USGS 10210500 San Pitch River Near Mt Pleasant, Utah. Season Critical flow (ft3/s) Summer 3.60 Fall 9.23 Winter 26.0 Spring 7.09 Annual Overall 3.60 Ambient, upstream, background receiving water quality was characterized using data from DWQ 4946960 San Pitch R Ab Moroni WWTP. The 20th percentile concentration value was calculated for each constituent with available monitoring and sampling data in the upstream receiving water. Seasonal average effluent discharge parameter concentrations were determined from the Discharge Monitoring Report (DMR) between 2000 and 2022. Additional parameter concentrations not provided in the DMR were determined from DWQ 4946970 Moroni WWTP. Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) According to the Utah’s 2021 303(d) Water Quality Assessment Report “Combined 2018/2020 Integrated Report Version 1.0”, the receiving water for the discharge is San Pitch River and tributaries from Gunnison Reservoir to U132 crossing and below USFS boundary (San Pitch-3-1: UT16030004-005_01). The reach was not supporting for total ammonia as N, E. Coli, pH, minimum dissolved oxygen (DO) with a low priority for a TMDL. There is an approved TMDL for total dissolved solids (TDS). Mixing Zone The maximum allowable mixing zone is 15 minutes of travel time for acute conditions, not to exceed 50% of stream width, and for chronic conditions is 2500 ft, per UAC R317-2-5. Water Utah Division of Water Quality Wasteload Analysis Pitman Farms/Moroni WWTP, UPDES Permit No. UT-0020222 Page 3 of 4 quality standards must be met at the end of the mixing zone. . Individual mixing zones may be further limited or disallowed in consideration of the following factors in the area affected by the discharge: Zone of passage for migrating fish or other species (including access to tributaries). The EPA Region 8 stream mixing zone analysis (STREAMIX1, 1994), was used to determine the plume width and mixed flow rate for both acute and chronic conditions. Parameters of Concern The potential parameters of concern identified for the discharge/receiving water were total dissolved solids (TDS), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, ammonia, and E. coli, as determined in consultation with the UPDES Permit Writer and the Watershed Protection Specialist. WET Limits The percent of effluent in the receiving water in a fully mixed condition, and acute and chronic dilution in a not fully mixed condition are calculated in the WLA in order to generate WET limits. The LC50 (lethal concentration, 50%) percent effluent for acute toxicity and the IC25 (inhibition concentration, 25%) percent effluent for chronic toxicity, as determined by the WET test, needs to be below the WET limits, as determined by the WLA. The WET limit for LC50 is typically 100% effluent and does not need to be determined by the WLA. According to the permit application, WET testing has failed four quarters during the past five years. For two quarters, no sample results were provided. Table 2: WET Limits for IC25 Season IC25 (%) Summer 32 Fall 16 Winter 6 Spring 19 Wasteload Allocation Methods Effluent limits were determined for all constituents using the QUAL2Kw Model (UDWQ, 2021). The analysis is summarized in the Wasteload Addendum. The water quality standard for chronic ammonia toxicity is dependent on temperature and pH, and the water quality standard for acute ammonia toxicity is dependent on pH. However, temperature, pH, and ammonia concentration of the effluent were not provided. Background temperature and pH values were used in the analysis. The analysis is summarized in the Wasteload Addendum. Models and supporting documentation are available for review upon request. Antidegradation Level I Review The objective of the Level I ADR is to ensure the protection of existing uses, defined as the beneficial uses attained in the receiving water on or after November 28, 1975. No evidence is known that the existing uses deviate from the designated beneficial uses for the receiving water. Utah Division of Water Quality Wasteload Analysis Pitman Farms/Moroni WWTP, UPDES Permit No. UT-0020222 Page 4 of 4 Therefore, the beneficial uses will be protected if the discharge remains below the WQBELs presented in this wasteload. A Level II Antidegradation Review (ADR) is not required for this facility. The proposed permit is a simple renewal of an existing UPDES permit. No increase in flow or concentration of pollutants over those authorized in the the existing permit is being requested. Documents: WLA Document: Q2Kw_Pitman_wla_2023.docx Wasteload Analysis and Addendums: Q2Kw_Pitman_wla_2023.xlsm References: Utah Division of Water Quality. 2014, TMDL for Selenium in the Colorado River Watershed Utah Division of Water Quality. 2022. Final 2022 Integrated Report on Water Quality Utah Division of Water Quality. 2021. Utah Wasteload Analysis Procedures Version 2.0. Utah Division of Water Quality WASTELOAD ANALYSIS [WLA]Date: 5/18/2023 Appendix A: QUAL2Kw Analysis Results DiscRarging Facility: Moroni Wastewater Treament Plant UPDES No: UT-0020222 Permit Flow [MGD]: 1.10 Maximum Daily Flow 1.10 Maximum Monthly Flow Receiving Water: San Pitch River Stream Classification: 2B,3C,3D,4 Stream Flows [cfs]: 3.60 Summer (July-Sept) Critical Low Flow 9.23 Fall (Oct-Dec) 26.00 Winter (Jan-Mar) 7.09 Spring (Apr-June) Acute River Width: 50% Chronic River Width: 100% Modeling Information A QUAL2Kw model was used to determine these effluent limits. Model Inputs The following is upstream and discharge information that was utilized as inputs for the analysis. Headwater/Upstream Information Summer Fall Winter Spring Flow (cfs) 3.6 9.2 26.0 7.1 Temperature (deg C)18.2 6.5 4.1 12.7 Specific Conductance (µmhos)1031 796 744 755 Inorganic Suspended Solids (mg/L)12.3 27.6 103.5 114.4 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)8.8 10.3 10.1 10.4 CBOD5 (mg/L)1.4 1.2 1.4 1.6 Organic Nitrogen (mg/L)0.450 0.578 0.169 0.004 NH4-Nitrogen (mg/L)0.024 0.027 0.026 0.022 NO3-Nitrogen (mg/L)0.612 0.838 1.220 0.570 Organic Phosphorus (mg/L)0.220 0.031 0.027 -0.062 Inorganic Ortho-Phosphorus (mg/L)0.010 0.026 0.071 0.188 Phytoplankton (µg/L)9.050 9.050 9.050 9.050 Detritus [POM] (mg/L)0.6 1.5 5.4 6.0 Alkalinity (mg/L)327 318 323 344 pH 8.0 8.2 8.2 8.3 Page A-1 Utah Division of Water Quality Discharge Information - Chronic Summer Fall Winter Spring Flow (mgd) 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Temperature (deg C)20.9 15.7 10.4 17.3 Specific Conductance (µmhos)1298 1172 1301 1240 Inorganic Suspended Solids (mg/L)10.5 11.9 10.9 9.4 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 CBOD5 (mg/L)35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 Organic Nitrogen (mg/L)39.444 0.119 10.344 43.632 NH4-Nitrogen (mg/L)5.300 38.500 38.500 5.300 NO3-Nitrogen (mg/L)60.458 34.887 15.700 42.033 Organic Phosphorus (mg/L)-9.645 -5.679 -5.176 -8.680 Inorganic Ortho-Phosphorus (mg/L)10.645 6.679 6.176 9.680 Phytoplankton (µg/L)9.050 9.050 9.050 9.050 Detritus [POM] (mg/L)0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Alkalinity (mg/L)413 413 413 413 pH 7.5 7.4 7.4 7.5 Discharge Information - Acute Summer Fall Winter Spring Flow (mgd) 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 Temperature (deg C)23.5 21.3 17.0 25.2 Specific Conductance (µmhos)1762 1920 2085 1709 Inorganic Suspended Solids (mg/L)40.6 25.0 30.2 31.4 Dissolved Oxygen (mg/L)5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 CBOD5 (mg/L)35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 Organic Nitrogen (mg/L)-16.180 3.300 -47.185 5.040 NH4-Nitrogen (mg/L)21.400 24.100 49.500 13.700 NO3-Nitrogen (mg/L)60.458 34.887 15.700 42.033 Organic Phosphorus (mg/L)-9.645 -5.679 -5.176 -8.680 Inorganic Ortho-Phosphorus (mg/L)10.645 6.679 6.176 9.680 Phytoplankton (µg/L)9.050 9.050 9.050 9.050 Detritus [POM] (mg/L)0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Alkalinity (mg/L)413 413 413 413 pH 7.9 8.0 7.9 8.0 All model numerical inputs, intermediate calculations, outputs and graphs are available for discussion, inspection and copy at the Division of Water Quality. Page A-2 Utah Division of Water Quality Effluent Limitations Current State water quality standards are required to be met under a variety of conditions including in-stream flows targeted to the 7-day, 10-year low flow (R317-2-9). Other conditions used in the modeling effort reflect the environmental conditions expected at low stream flows. Effluent Limitations based upon Water Quality Standards for DO and Ammonia Toxicity In-stream criteria of downstream segments for Dissolved Oxygen and Ammonia will be met with an effluent limitation as follows: Chronic Standard Summer Fall Winter Spring Flow (MGD) N/A 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 NH4-Nitrogen (mg/L)Varies 5.3 38.5 38.5 5.3 CBOD5 (mg/L)N/A 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 Dissolved Oxygen [30-day Ave] (mg/L) 5.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 Acute Standard Summer Fall Winter Spring Flow (cfs) N/A 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 NH4-Nitrogen (mg/L)Varies 21.4 24.1 49.5 13.7 CBOD5 (mg/L)N/A 35.0 35.0 35.0 35.0 Dissolved Oxygen [Minimum] (mg/L) 3.0 5.5 5.5 5.5 5.5 Summary Comments The mathematical modeling and best professional judgement indicate that violations of receiving water beneficial uses with their associated water quality standards, including important down- stream segments, will not occur for the evaluated parameters of concern as discussed above if the effluent limitations indicated above are met. Page A-3 Utah Division of Water Quality Coefficients and Other Model Information Parameter Value Units Stoichiometry: Carbon 40 gC Nitrogen 7.2 gN Phosphorus 1 gP Dry weight 100 gD Chlorophyll 1 gA Inorganic suspended solids: Settling velocity 1.5 m/d Oxygen: Reaeration model Tsivoglou-Neal Temp correction 1.024 Reaeration wind effect None O2 for carbon oxidation 2.69 gO2/gC O2 for NH4 nitrification 4.57 gO2/gN Oxygen inhib model CBOD oxidation Exponential Oxygen inhib parameter CBOD oxidation 0.60 L/mgO2 Oxygen inhib model nitrification Exponential Oxygen inhib parameter nitrification 0.60 L/mgO2 Oxygen enhance model denitrification Exponential Oxygen enhance parameter denitrification 0.60 L/mgO2 Oxygen inhib model phyto resp Exponential Oxygen inhib parameter phyto resp 0.60 L/mgO2 Oxygen enhance model bot alg resp Exponential Oxygen enhance parameter bot alg resp 0.60 L/mgO2 Slow CBOD: Hydrolysis rate 0 /d Temp correction 1.047 Oxidation rate 0.103 /d Temp correction 1.047 Fast CBOD: Oxidation rate 5 /d Temp correction 1.047 Organic N: Hydrolysis 0.84504511 /d Temp correction 1.07 Settling velocity 0.055176 m/d Ammonium: Nitrification 1.444564 /d Temp correction 1.07 Nitrate: Denitrification 1.6632371 /d Temp correction 1.07 Sed denitrification transfer coeff 0.38965 m/d Temp correction 1.07 Organic P: Hydrolysis 0.28013059 /d Temp correction 1.07 Settling velocity 0.043724 m/d Inorganic P: Settling velocity 0.45041 m/d Sed P oxygen attenuation half sat constant 0.71711 mgO2/L Page A-4 Utah Division of Water Quality Phytoplankton: Max Growth rate 2.8862 /d Temp correction 1.07 Respiration rate 0.1045676 /d Temp correction 1.07 Death rate 0.325185 /d Temp correction 1 Nitrogen half sat constant 15 ugN/L Phosphorus half sat constant 11 ugP/L Inorganic carbon half sat constant 1.30E-05 moles/L Phytoplankton use HCO3- as substrate Yes Light model Smith Light constant 57.6 langleys/d Ammonia preference 7.35575 ugN/L Settling velocity 0.11142 m/d Bottom Plants: Growth model Zero-order Max Growth rate 22.21241 gD/m2/d or /d Temp correction 1.07 First-order model carrying capacity 100 gD/m2 Basal respiration rate 0.6899654 /d Photo-respiration rate parameter 0.01 unitless Temp correction 1.07 Excretion rate 0.11302 /d Temp correction 1.07 Death rate 0.021304 /d Temp correction 1.07 External nitrogen half sat constant 694.537 ugN/L External phosphorus half sat constant 122.1963 ugP/L Inorganic carbon half sat constant 3.31E-05 moles/L Bottom algae use HCO3- as substrate Yes Light model Smith Light constant 66.948 mgO^2/L Ammonia preference 21.34475 ugN/L Subsistence quota for nitrogen 35.4263 mgN/gD Subsistence quota for phosphorus 3.569585 mgP/gD Maximum uptake rate for nitrogen 886 mgN/gD/d Maximum uptake rate for phosphorus 29.3088 mgP/gD/d Internal nitrogen half sat ratio 3.404516 Internal phosphorus half sat ratio 1.081363 Nitrogen uptake water column fraction 1 Phosphorus uptake water column fraction 1 Detritus (POM): Dissolution rate 1.5255605 /d Temp correction 1.07 Settling velocity 0.89958 m/d pH: Partial pressure of carbon dioxide 380 ppm Atmospheric Inputs:Spring Fall Winter Spring Max. Air Temperature, F 89.2 66.4 51.7 81.8 Min. Air Temperature, F 41.0 13.7 11.7 29.8 Dew Point, Temp., F 52.7 30.4 26.7 43.4 Wind, ft./sec. @ 21 ft. 6.8 5.9 6.3 8.4 Cloud Cover, % 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Other Inputs: Bottom Algae Coverage 100.0% Bottom SOD Coverage 100.0% Prescribed SOD (mg O2/m2/day) 0.0 Page A-5 Utah Division of Water Quality WASTELOAD ANALYSIS [WLA]Date: 5/18/2023 Appendix B: Mass Balance Mixing Analysis Results Discharging Facility: Moroni Wastewater Treament Plant UPDES No: UT-0020222 Permit Flow [MGD]: 1.10 Maximum Daily Flow 1.10 Maximum Monthly Flow Receiving Water: San Pitch River Stream Classification: 2B,3C,3D,4 Stream Flows [cfs]: 3.60 Annual Critical Low Flow Acute River Width: 50% Acute Combined Flow [cfs] 3.50 Chronic River Width: 100% Chronic Combined Flow [cfs] 5.30 Modeling Information A simple mixing analysis was used to determine these effluent limits. All model numerical inputs, intermediate calculations, outputs and graphs are available for discussion, inspection and copy at the Division of Water Quality. Effluent Limitations Current State water quality standards are required to be met under a variety of conditions including in-stream flows targeted to the 7-day, 10-year low flow (R317-2-9). Other conditions used in the modeling effort reflect the environmental conditions expected at low stream flows. Effluent Limitations for Protection of Recreation (Class 2B Waters) Parameter pH Limit Minimum 6.5 Maximum 9.0 Bacteriological E. coli (30 Day Geometric Mean) 206 (#/100 mL) E. coli (Maximum) 668 (#/100 mL) Effluent Limitations for Protection of Aquatic Wildlife (Class 3C Waters) Parameter Temperature (deg C) Limit Maximum 27.0 Maximum Change 4.0 pH Limit Minimum 6.5 Maximum 9.0 Inorganics Chronic Standard (4 Day Average) Acute Standard (1 Hour Average) Standard Limit Unit Standard Limit Unit Phenol 0.010 0.014 mg/L Hydrogen Sulfide (Undissociated)0.002 0.003 mg/L Page B-1 Utah Division of Water Quality Dissolved Metals [µg/L] Chronic Standard (4 Day Average) Acute Standard (1 Hour Average) Parameter Standard1 Background Limit Standard Background Limit Aluminum NA3 NA NONE 750 13.0 1,530 Arsenic 150 1.1 465 340 1.1 699 Cadmium 0.6 0.06 1.9 7.7 0.06 15.9 Chromium VI 11.0 2.7 28.6 16.0 2.7 30.1 Chromium III 231 2.7 713 1,773 2.7 3,646 Copper 29.3 3.0 84.9 49.6 3.0 99.0 Cyanide2 5.2 3.5 8.9 22.0 3.5 41.6 Iron 1,000 28.65 2,027 Lead 10.9 0.19 33.7 281 0.19 578 Mercury2 0.012 0.008 0.020 2.4 0.008 4.9 Nickel 168 4.7 514 1,513 4.7 3,108 Selenium 4.6 2.0 10.1 18.4 2.0 35.7 Silver 34.9 0.25 71.6 Tributylin2 0.072 0.048 0.123 0.46 0.048 0.90 Zinc 382 14.1 1,162 379 14.1 766 1: Based upon a Hardness of 400 mg/l as CaCO3 2: Ambient concentration assumed 2/3 of water quality standard Organics [Pesticides] [µg/L] Chronic Standard (4 Day Average) Acute Standard (1 Hour Average) Parameter Standard Background1 Limit Standard Background Limit Aldrin 1.5 1.0 2.0 Chlordane 0.0043 0.0029 0.0073 1.2 0.0029 2.5 DDT, DDE 0.001 0.0007 0.0017 0.55 0.0007 1.13 Diazinon 0.17 0.11 0.29 0.17 0.11 0.23 Dieldrin 0.0056 0.0037 0.0095 0.24 0.0037 0.49 Endosulfan, a & b 0.056 0.037 0.095 0.11 0.037 0.19 Endrin 0.036 0.024 0.061 0.086 0.024 0.152 Heptachlor & H. epoxide 0.0038 0.0025 0.0065 0.26 0.0025 0.53 Lindane 0.08 0.05 0.14 1.0 0.05 2.0 Methoxychlor 0.03 0.02 0.04 Mirex 0.001 0.0007 0.001 Nonylphenol 6.6 4.4 11.3 28.0 4.4 53.0 Parathion 0.013 0.009 0.022 0.066 0.009 0.127 PCB's 0.014 0.009 0.024 Pentachlorophenol 15.0 10.0 25.6 19.0 10.0 28.5 Toxephene 0.0002 0.0001 0.0003 0.73 0.0001 1.50 1: Ambient concentration assumed 2/3 of water quality standard Radiological Parameter Maximum Concentration Gross Alpha 15 pCi/L Effluent Limitation for Protection of Agriculture (Class 4 Waters) Parameter Maximum Concentration Standard Background Limit Total Dissolved Solids (mg/L) 1,700 1,700 Site specific standard Arsenic (µg/L) 100 1.1 309 Boron (µg/L) 750 201 1,912 Cadmium (µg/L) 10 0.06 31 Chromium (µg/L) 100 2.7 306 Copper (µg/L) 200 3.0 617 Lead (µg/L) 100 0.19 311 Selenium (µg/L) 50 2.0 152 Gross Alpha (pCi/L) 15 15 3: Where the pH is equal to or greater than 7.0 and the hardness is equal to or greater than 50 ppm as CaC0 3 in the receiving water after mixing, the 87 ug/L chronic criterion (expressed as total recoverable) will not apply, and aluminum will be regulated based on compliance with the 750 ug/L acute aluminum criterion (expressed as total recoverable). Page B-2 Utah Division of Water Quality WASTELOAD ANALYSIS [WLA]Date: 5/18/2023 Appendix C: Total Residual Chlorine Discharging Facility: Moroni Wastewater Treament Plant UPDES No: UT-0020222 CHRONIC Decay Rate (/day) Season Receiving Water Standard Total Effluent Mixing Zone Boundary Effluent Limit Without Decay Temperature (°C) @ 20 deg C @ T deg C Travel Time (min) Decay Coefficient Effluent Limit Discharge (cfs) Summer 3.6 1.7 5.3 Fall 9.2 1.7 10.9 Winter 26.0 1.7 27.7 Spring 7.1 1.7 8.8 TRC (mg/L) Summer 0.000 0.011 0.034 20.9 20 20.8 10 0.8653 0.040 Fall 0.000 0.011 0.071 15.7 20 16.4 10 0.8925 0.079 Winter 0.000 0.011 0.179 10.4 20 12.8 10 0.9146 0.196 Spring 0.000 0.011 0.057 17.3 20 17.7 10 0.8844 0.064 ACUTE Decay Rate (/day) Season Receiving Water Standard Total Effluent Mixing Zone Boundary Effluent Limit Without Decay Temperature (°C)@ 20 °C @ T °C Travel Time (min) Decay Coefficient Effluent Limit Discharge (cfs) Summer 1.8 1.7 3.5 Fall 4.6 1.7 6.3 Winter 13.0 1.7 14.7 Spring 3.5 1.7 5.2 TRC (mg/L) Summer 0.000 0.019 0.039 23.5 20 23.5 10 0.8494 0.046 Fall 0.000 0.019 0.071 21.3 20 21.2 10 0.8630 0.082 Winter 0.000 0.019 0.164 17.0 20 17.4 10 0.8859 0.185 Spring 0.000 0.019 0.059 25.2 20 25.4 10 0.8383 0.070 Page C-1