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Home My WebLink AboutDERR-2024-007795Great Salt Lake Study Team Preliminary investigation of selenium in water, bottom sediment, and biota, Great Salt Lake, Utah Preliminary investigation of selenium in water, bottom sediment, and biota, Great Salt Lake, Utah Bruce Waddell, USFWS, Salt Lake City, UT David L. Naftz USGS, Salt Lake City, UT Briant A. Kimball, USGS, Salt Lake City, UT John R. Garbarino, USGS, Denver, CO Bruce Waddell, USFWS, Salt Lake City, UT David L. Naftz USGS, Salt Lake City, UT Briant A. Kimball, USGS, Salt Lake City, UT John R. Garbarino, USGS, Denver, CO Data collection, analysis, and graphic support: Rex Sohn, Elise Boeke, Nathan Darnall, Doyle Stephens, Rob Baskin, and Melanie Markin Data collection, analysis, and graphic support: Rex Sohn, Elise Boeke, Nathan Darnall, Doyle Stephens, Rob Baskin, and Melanie Markin Great Salt Lake Study Team GSL ISSUES ¨Closed basin: Salinit y is 3 to 5 X higher than seawater ¨Runoff from urban, agriculture, and mining ¨Currently (2002)No numeric standards for Se or other trace contaminants ¨R31726. Use Designations. 6.5 Class 5 The Great Salt Lake. Protected for primary and secondary contact recreation, aquatic wildlife, and mineral extraction. Photo courtesy of Don Paul Great Salt Lake Study Team GLOBAL IMPORTANCE OF GSL ¨ Area of Hemispheric Importance ¨ > 85 million birduse days ¨ 30 percent of world’s population of Wilson’s Phalarope ¨ 0.5 to 1.5 million Eared Grebes ¨ 15.5 M lbs of BS cysts harvested this year Photo courtesy of Don Paul Statistics courtesy of GSL Ecosystem Project Great Salt Lake Study Team PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS BY USFWS AND USGS PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATIONS BY USFWS AND USGS ¨Establishing historical trends in trace element loadings ¨Refining methods for trace element anal ysis in high saline matrices ¨Establishing trace element concentrations in biota (eared grebes and brine shrimp) ¨Establishing historical trends in trace element loadings ¨Refining methods for trace element anal ysis in high saline matrices ¨Establishing trace element concentrations in biota (eared grebes and brine shrimp) Great Salt Lake Study Team L AKE CORES FROM GSL PROVIDE HISTORICAL ARCHIVE L AKE CORES FROM GSL PROVIDE HISTORICAL ARCHIVE Great Salt Lake Great Salt Lake UT AH UT AH Red Butte Res. Red Butte Res. Decker Lake Decker Lake Great Salt Lake Study Team PATTERN RECOGNITION ANALYSIS PATTERN RECOGNITION ANALYSIS ¨PCA is used to reduce the dimensionality of the data set ¨New plotting axis are combinations of original variables ¨View geochemical process instead of concentration ¨PCA is used to reduce the dimensionality of the data set ¨New plotting axis are combinations of original variables ¨View geochemical process instead of concentration Great Salt Lake Study Team VERTICAL PROFILE OF PC SCORES IN GSL VERTICAL PROFILE OF PC SCORES IN GSL 25 20 15 10 5 0 1738 1758 1776 1793 1810 1986 1825 1842 1859 1878 1897 1916 1933 1950 1996 1964 1974 1980 1992 DE PTH, I N C E NT IMETERS SEDI M ENT D AT E EXPLANATION EXPLANATION HEALTHY UNHEALTHY Principal component 3 scores Great Salt Lake Study Team ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR TRACE ELEMENTS ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR TRACE ELEMENTS USGS National Lab, Denver, CO Arsenic As separated saline matrix before quantitation using IC Cl interference with ICPMS is eliminated using IC separation Detection limits enhanced using arsine generation Transition metals Metals separated from saline matrix using ion chromatography Metals can be preconcentrated Selenium Determined by GFAAS Jones, S.R., and Garbarino, J.R., 1999, USGS OFR 98639, 39 p. Arsenic As separated saline matrix before quantitation using IC Cl interference with ICPMS is eliminated using IC separation Detection limits enhanced using arsine generation Transition metals Metals separated from saline matrix using ion chromatography Metals can be preconcentrated Selenium Determined by GFAAS Jones, S.R., and Garbarino, J.R., 1999, USGS OFR 98639, 39 p. Great Salt Lake Study Team Dissolved As, in mg/L Shallow depth (0.5 to 1.0 m) Dissolved As, in mg/L Shallow depth (0.5 to 1.0 m) 85 89 88 88 91 91 92 94 92 90 94 91 91 S. Arm GSL F a r m i n g t o n B a y 92 Mean As in GSL (Tayler, 1980) Upper Lower brine brine (ppb) (ppb) 100 205 Fall 2001 Great Salt Lake Study Team 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 1 2 3 4 0 30 60 90 As, mG/L DO DO, MG/L DEPTH BELOW WATER SURFACE, IN METERS As 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 2 4 6 0 30 60 90 As, mG/L DO DO, MG/L DEPTH BELOW WATER SURFACE, IN METERS As Redox controls As with depth Redox controls As with depth GSL 4 GSL 2820 Great Salt Lake Study Team Dissolved Se, in mg/L (shallow /deep) Dissolved Se, in mg/L (shallow /deep) 5 mg/L Se is Water Quality Criteria in freshw ater 5 mg/L Se is Water Quality Criteria in freshw ater <20/ND <20/ND <20/35 45/ND <20/60 20/30 <20/50 <20/<20 30/30 30/ND 26/ND S. Arm GSL F a r m i n g t o n B a y <20/70 Fall 2001 Great Salt Lake Study Team EXPLANATION EXPLANATION USFWS SAMPLING SITES USFWS SAMPLING SITES S. Arm GSL F a r m i n g t o n B a y Great Salt Lake Study Team 0.00 1.00 2.00 3.00 4.00 5.00 Se , ( mg/g DW) Brine Shrimp Sediment Se IN S. ARM BRINE SHRIMP AND SEDIMENT (synoptic samples) Se IN S. ARM BRINE SHRIMP AND SEDIMENT (synoptic samples) A B A Bird repro ductive threshold 38 ppm DW B Average Se in freshwater environments = 0.2–2.0 ppm N=38 N=80 Great Salt Lake Study Team Se , ( mg/g DW ) 04/00 05/00 09/98 11/97 12/98 0.00 4.00 8.00 12.00 16.00 20.00 Se IN EARED GREBE LIVERS N=3 N=21 N=12 N=3 22 T N=4 Prebreeding Fall staging/molt Great Salt Lake Study Team CONCLUSIONS CONCLUSIONS ¨Sediment core indicates increasing anthropogenic influences in recent sediments (after mid1900s) ¨Se in water column ranges from < 20 to ~ 70 mg/L ¨Lake turnover could impact trace metal cycling ¨Se in brine shrimp are low, but approaching dietary level of concern for bird reproduction ¨Apparent doubling of Se in livers from eared grebes between September and December ¨Sediment core indicates increasing anthropogenic influences in recent sediments (after mid1900s) ¨Se in water column ranges from < 20 to ~ 70 mg/L ¨Lake turnover could impact trace metal cycling ¨Se in brine shrimp are low, but approaching dietary level of concern for bird reproduction ¨Apparent doubling of Se in livers from eared grebes between September and December Great Salt Lake Study Team CURRENT AND NEEDED WORK CURRENT AND NEEDED WORK UDNR/USGS ¨Detailed bathymetry of south arm ¨Areal and vertical distributions of nutrients, trace elements, and N, C, and S isotopes in south arm USFWS ¨Finalize and publish report ¨Hg and PAHs issues in Farmington Bay tributaries ¨Biological effects of trace metals on Eared Grebes UDNR/USGS ¨Detailed bathymetry of south arm ¨Areal and vertical distributions of nutrients, trace elements, and N, C, and S isotopes in south arm USFWS ¨Finalize and publish report ¨Hg and PAHs issues in Farmington Bay tributaries ¨Biological effects of trace metals on Eared Grebes