DAQ-2024-011095

DAQE-AN141850011-24

{{$d1 }}

Jon Goza
Danish Flats Waste Solutions, LLC
1540 P Road
Loma, CO 81524
[e-mail]

Dear Mr. Goza:

Re: Approval Order: Administrative Amendment to Approval Order DAQE-AN141850008-18 for
Condition and Equipment Changes
Project Number: N141850011

The attached Approval Order (AO) is issued pursuant to the Notice of Intent (NOI) received on May 1,
2024. Danish Flats Waste Solutions, LLC must comply with the requirements of this AO, all applicable
state requirements (R307), and Federal Standards.

The project engineer for this action is John Persons, who can be contacted at [phone] or
[e-mail]. Future correspondence on this AO should include the engineer's name as well as the
DAQE number shown on the upper right-hand corner of this letter.

Sincerely,

{{$s }}

Bryce C. Bird
Director

BCB:JP:jg

cc: Southeastern Utah District Health Department

195 North 1950 West • Salt Lake City, UT
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 144820 • Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4820
Telephone [phone] • Fax [phone] • T.D.D. [phone]
www.deq.utah.gov
Printed on 100% recycled paper
State of Utah

SPENCER J. COX
Governor
DEIDRE HENDERSON
Lieutenant Governor

Department of
Environmental Quality

Kimberly D. Shelley
Executive Director

DIVISION OF AIR QUALITY
Bryce C. Bird
Director

September 30, 2024

STATE OF UTAH
Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Air Quality

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{{#d1=date1_es_:signer1:date:format(date, "mmmm d, yyyy")}}
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APPROVAL ORDER
DAQE-AN141850011-24
Administrative Amendment to Approval Order
DAQE-AN141850008-18 for Condition
and Equipment Changes

Prepared By
John Persons, Engineer
[phone]
[e-mail]

Issued to
Danish Flats Waste Solutions, LLC

Issued On
{{$d2 }}

Issued By

{{$s }}

Bryce C. Bird
Director
Division of Air Quality

September 30, 2024
TABLE OF CONTENTS

TITLE/SIGNATURE PAGE ....................................................................................................... 1
GENERAL INFORMATION ...................................................................................................... 3
CONTACT/LOCATION INFORMATION ............................................................................... 3
SOURCE INFORMATION ........................................................................................................ 3
General Description ................................................................................................................ 3
NSR Classification .................................................................................................................. 3
Source Classification .............................................................................................................. 3
Applicable Federal Standards ................................................................................................. 3
Project Description.................................................................................................................. 3
SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS .................................................................................................... 4
SECTION I: GENERAL PROVISIONS .................................................................................... 4
SECTION II: PERMITTED EQUIPMENT .............................................................................. 5
SECTION II: SPECIAL PROVISIONS ..................................................................................... 6
PERMIT HISTORY ..................................................................................................................... 8
ACRONYMS ................................................................................................................................. 9

DAQE-AN141850011-24
Page 3

GENERAL INFORMATION

CONTACT/LOCATION INFORMATION

Owner Name Source Name
Danish Flats Waste Solutions, LLC Danish Flats Waste Solutions, LLC

Mailing Address Physical Address
1540 P Road 2.5 miles north of Interstate 70, Exit 214
Loma, CO 81524 Cisco, UT 84540

Source Contact UTM Coordinates
Name: Jon Goza 648,198 m Easting
Phone: [phone],327,028 m Northing
Email: [e-mail] Datum NAD83
UTM Zone 12
SIC code 1389 (Oil & Gas Field Services, NEC)

SOURCE INFORMATION
General Description
Danish Flats Waste Solutions, LLC (Danish Flats) operates a commercial wastewater disposal facility in
Cisco. The facility operates natural gas/propane generators, evaporation ponds, and mobile equipment.

NSR Classification
Administrative Amendment

Source Classification
Located in Attainment Area
Grand County
Airs Source Size: B

Applicable Federal Standards
NSPS (Part 60), A: General Provisions
NSPS (Part 60), JJJJ: Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal
Combustion Engines
MACT (Part 63), A: General Provisions
MACT (Part 63), ZZZZ: National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for
Stationary Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines

Project Description
Danish Flats seeks to amend AO DAQE-AN141850008-18 by refining compliance measures in condition
II.B.3.d.C and update the equipment list.
DAQE-AN141850011-24
Page 4

SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS

The emissions listed below are an estimate of the total potential emissions from the source. Some
rounding of emissions is possible.

Criteria Pollutant Change (TPY) Total (TPY)
CO2 Equivalent 0 4922.00
Carbon Monoxide 0 16.20
Nitrogen Oxides 0 9.65
Particulate Matter - PM10 0 0.27
Particulate Matter - PM2.5 0 0.27
Sulfur Dioxide 0 0.06
Volatile Organic Compounds 0 633.27

Hazardous Air Pollutant Change (lbs/yr) Total (lbs/yr)
Benzene (Including Benzene From Gasoline) (CAS #71432) 0 13240
Ethyl Benzene (CAS #100414) 0 1020
Hexane (CAS #110543) 0 20
Methanol (CAS #67561) 0 788800
Toluene (CAS #108883) 0 17680
Xylenes (Isomers And Mixture) (CAS #1330207) 0 13060
Change (TPY) Total (TPY)
Total HAPs 0 416.91

SECTION I: GENERAL PROVISIONS

I.1 The limits set forth in this AO shall not be exceeded without prior approval. [R307-401]
I.2 Modifications to the equipment or processes approved by this AO that could affect the emissions covered by this AO must be reviewed and approved. [R307-401-1] I.3 All records referenced in this AO or in other applicable rules, which are required to be kept by the owner/operator, shall be made available to the Director or Director's representative upon request, and the records shall include the five-year period prior to the date of the request. Unless otherwise specified in this AO or in other applicable state and federal rules, records shall be kept for a minimum of five (5) years. [R307-401-8]
I.4 The owner/operator shall comply with UAC R307-107. General Requirements: Breakdowns. [R307-107] I.5 At all times, including periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction, owners and operators
shall, to the extent practicable, maintain and operate any equipment approved under this AO, including associated air pollution control equipment, in a manner consistent with good air pollution control practice for minimizing emissions. Determination of whether acceptable
operating and maintenance procedures are being used will be based on information available to the Director which may include, but is not limited to, monitoring results, opacity observations, review of operating and maintenance procedures, and inspection of the source. All maintenance
performed on equipment authorized by this AO shall be recorded. [R307-401-4]
DAQE-AN141850011-24
Page 5

I.6 The owner/operator shall comply with UAC R307-150 Series. Emission Inventories. [R307-150] I.7 All definitions, terms, abbreviations, and references used in this AO conform to those used in the UAC R307 and 40 CFR. Unless noted otherwise, references cited in these AO conditions
refer to those rules. [R307-101]

SECTION II: PERMITTED EQUIPMENT
II.A THE APPROVED EQUIPMENT
II.A.1 Danish Flats Waste Solutions, LLC Produced Water Evaporation Ponds II.A.2 Desanding Tank Number of tanks: One (1) - 500 bbl Emissions controlled by an enclosed combustor
II.A.3 Gun Barrel Tanks Number of tanks: Two (2) - 500 bbl (each) Emissions controlled by an enclosed combustor II.A.4 Separation/Surge Tanks Number of tanks: Four (4) - 1,000 bbl (each) Emissions controlled by an enclosed combustor
II.A.5 Oil Storage Tanks Number of Tanks: Four (4) - 400 bbl (each) Emissions controlled by an enclosed combustor II.A.6 Slop Oil Tank Number of tanks: One (1) - 400 bbl Emissions controlled by an enclosed combustor
II.A.7 Combustor Controls: All storage tanks II.A.8 Natural Gas/Propane Generator Number of engines: One (1) Fuel: Natural Gas/Propane Maximum Rating: 70 kW
II.A.9 Natural Gas/Propane Generator Number of engines: Four (4) Fuel Type: Natural Gas/Propane Maximum Rating: 125 kW II.A.10 Phase 1 (Shallow) Evaporation Ponds Number of ponds: Eight (8) Depth: Eight (8) feet
DAQE-AN141850011-24
Page 6

II.A.11 Phase 2 (Deep) Evaporation Ponds Number of ponds: Six (6) Depth: Eighteen (18) feet II.A.12 Mobile Equipment
Bobcat skidsteer* Vacuum truck* Pickup truck*
*Listed for informational purposes only
II.A.13 Propane Tanks Number of tanks: Three (3) - 1,000 gal (each)

SECTION II: SPECIAL PROVISIONS II.B REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS
II.B.1 Source-Wide Requirements
II.B.1.a Unless otherwise specified in this AO, the owner/operator shall not allow visible emissions from any stationary point or fugitive source on site to exceed 20% opacity. [R307-401-8]
II.B.1.a.1 Visible fugitive dust emission determinations shall use procedures similar to Method 9. The
normal requirement for observations to be made at 15-second intervals over a 6-minute period,
however, shall not apply. Visible emissions shall be measured at the densest point of the plume but at a point not less than 1/2 vehicle length behind the vehicle and not less than 1/2 the height
of the vehicle. [R307-401-8]
II.B.1.a.2 Opacity observations of emissions from stationary sources shall be conducted in accordance with 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Method 9. [R307-401-8]
II.B.2 Storage Tank Requirements II.B.2.a The owner/operator shall not produce more than 23,000 barrels (1 barrel = 42 gallons) of crude oil per rolling 12-month period. [R307-401-8]
II.B.2.a.1 To determine compliance with a rolling 12-month total, the owner/operator shall calculate a new 12-month total by the last day of each month using the most recent 12 months of sales data,
recorded via sales receipts. Records of crude oil sales shall be kept for all periods when the
facility is in operation. Crude oil sales shall be kept on a daily basis. [R307-401-8]
II.B.2.b The owner/operator shall load and unload all tanker trucks on site by the use of submerged loading. [R307-401-8]
II.B.2.c The owner/operator shall keep the storage tank thief hatches and other tank openings closed and
sealed except during tank unloading or other maintenance activities. [R307-401-8] II.B.2.d The owner/operator shall inspect the thief hatches at least once monthly to ensure the thief hatches are closed, latched, and the associated gaskets are in good working condition. Records of thief hatch inspections shall include the date of the inspection and the status of the thief hatches. [R307-401-8]

DAQE-AN141850011-24
Page 7

II.B.3 Produced Water Requirements II.B.3.a The owner/operator shall not exceed 210.3 tons of combined Gasoline Range Organics (GRO)
+ Diesel Range Organics (DRO) emissions (where GRO shall be considered the measurement of organics in the C6 - C10 range and DRO shall be considered the measurement of organics in the C11 - C28 range) from water sent to the evaporation ponds per rolling 12-month period.
[R307-401-8]
II.B.3.b The owner/operator shall not exceed 20.66 tons of combined HAP emissions (excluding methanol) from water sent to the evaporation ponds per rolling 12-month period. [R307-401-8] II.B.3.c To determine compliance with a rolling 12-month total, the owner/operator shall calculate a new 12-month total by the last day of each month using data from the previous 12 months. Combined
VOC (GRO + DRO), HAPs (excluding methanol), and methanol emissions shall be calculated using the following formulas:
VOC (tons) = (water volume) x (VOC HAP BTEX + GRO + DRO sampled concentrations)
HAPs (tons) = (water volume) x (BTEX sampled concentrations)
Methanol (tons) = (water volume) x (methanol sampled concentration)

Records of produced water received shall be kept for all periods when the plant is in operation. The water volume received shall be determined on a daily basis using billable receipts. Sample
requirements are described in Condition II.B.3.d. Records of methanol emissions shall be kept on
a monthly basis.
[R307-401-8]

II.B.3.d The owner/operator shall ensure that sampling of processed water is conducted and analyzed, at a minimum, once monthly. The sample shall be collected, handled, and analyzed as follows: A. Samples shall be collected at the outfall of the treatment process before discharge into the evaporation ponds. B. Each sample shall be no less than 8 ounces in volume. C. Samples shall be analyzed no more than 14 days after collection. They must be stored at a temperature between 32°F and 40°F prior to analysis. D. Analysis shall include testing for methanol, BTEX, TPH-GRO (C6 - C10), and TPH-DRO (C11 - C28) using EPA-approved methods such as Method 8260 or 8015, or other methods acceptable to the Director. [R307-401-8]
II.B.4 Combustor Requirements
II.B.4.a The owner/operator shall ensure that exhaust gas/vapors from all storage tanks on site are routed to the operating combustor. [R307-401-8]
II.B.4.b The owner/operator shall ensure that the combustor operates with a continuous pilot flame and is
equipped with an operational auto-igniter. [R307-503-4]

II.B.4.c The owner/operator shall ensure that the combustor operates with no visible emissions. [R307-401-8]
II.B.4.c.1 Visual determination of emissions from the combustor shall be conducted according to 40 CFR
60, Appendix A, Method 22. [R307-401-8]

DAQE-AN141850011-24
Page 8

II.B.5 Generator Requirements II.B.5.a The owner/operator shall ensure that the 70 kW and four (4) 125 kW generator engines only burn
natural gas or propane as fuel. [R307-401-8]
II.B.5.b Visible emissions from the natural gas/propane fired generator engines shall not exceed 10% opacity. [R307-401-8] II.B.6 Haul Road and Fugitive Dust Requirements
II.B.6.a The owner/operator shall comply with all applicable requirements of R307-205 for Fugitive Emission and Fugitive Dust sources. [R307-205] II.B.6.b The owner/operator shall post a maximum haul road speed limit of 15 miles per hour within 50 feet of the property entrance. [R307-401-8]

II.B.6.c The owner/operator shall ensure that all unpaved roads and other operational areas used by mobile equipment are water sprayed to control fugitive dust, except when ambient temperatures are below freezing. The application of water shall occur with sufficient frequency and quantity to meet the opacity limits specified in this AO or as determined necessary by the Director. [R307-401-8]
II.B.6.c.1 The owner/operator shall maintain records of water treatment for all operational periods of the plant. These records shall include the following items:

A. Date of treatment.
B. Number of treatments conducted.
C. Temperature records when temperatures are below freezing.

[R307-401-8]

PERMIT HISTORY

This Approval Order shall supersede (if a modification) or will be based on the following documents:
Replaces AO DAQE-AN141850008-18 dated June 1, 2018 Is Derived From NOI dated May 1, 2024 Incorporates Additional Information dated June 12, 2024
DAQE-AN141850011-24
Page 9

ACRONYMS

The following lists commonly used acronyms and associated translations as they apply to this document:

40 CFR Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations
AO Approval Order
BACT Best Available Control Technology
CAA Clean Air Act
CAAA Clean Air Act Amendments
CDS Classification Data System (used by Environmental Protection Agency to classify
sources by size/type)
CEM Continuous emissions monitor
CEMS Continuous emissions monitoring system
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CMS Continuous monitoring system
CO Carbon monoxide
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
CO2e Carbon Dioxide Equivalent - Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations Part 98,
Subpart A, Table A-1
COM Continuous opacity monitor
DAQ/UDAQ Division of Air Quality
DAQE This is a document tracking code for internal Division of Air Quality use
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
FDCP Fugitive dust control plan
GHG Greenhouse Gas(es) - Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations 52.21 (b)(49)(i)
GWP Global Warming Potential - Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations Part 86.1818-
12(a)
HAP or HAPs Hazardous air pollutant(s)
ITA Intent to Approve
LB/YR Pounds per year MACT Maximum Achievable Control Technology MMBTU Million British Thermal Units NAA Nonattainment Area NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NESHAP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants NOI Notice of Intent
NOx Oxides of nitrogen
NSPS New Source Performance Standard
NSR New Source Review
PM10 Particulate matter less than 10 microns in size
PM2.5 Particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in size
PSD Prevention of Significant Deterioration
PTE Potential to Emit
R307 Rules Series 307
R307-401 Rules Series 307 - Section 401
SO2 Sulfur dioxide
Title IV Title IV of the Clean Air Act
Title V Title V of the Clean Air Act
TPY Tons per year
UAC Utah Administrative Code
VOC Volatile organic compounds

DAQE-

RN141850011 September 4, 2024 Jon Goza
Danish Flats Waste Solutions 1540 P Road Loma, CO 81524
[e-mail] Dear Jon Goza,
Re: Engineer Review: Administrative Amendment to Approval Order DAQE-AN141850008-18 for Condition and Equipment Changes Project Number: N141850011 Please review and sign this letter and attached Engineer Review (ER) within 10 business days. For this document to be considered as the application for a Title V administrative amendment, a Title V Responsible Official must sign the next page. Please contact John Persons at [phone] if you have any questions or concerns about the ER. If
you accept the contents of this ER, please email this signed cover letter to John Persons at [e-mail]. After receipt of the signed cover letter, the DAQ will prepare an Approval Order (AO) for signature by the DAQ Director. If Danish Flats Waste Solutions does not respond to this letter within 10 business days, the project will move forward without your approval. If you have concerns that we cannot resolve, the DAQ Director
may issue an Order prohibiting construction. Approval Signature _____________________________________________________________
(Signature & Date)
195 North 1950 West • Salt Lake City, UT
Mailing Address: P.O. Box 144820 • Salt Lake City, UT 84114-4820
Telephone [phone] • Fax [phone] • T.D.D. [phone]
www.deq.utah.gov
Printed on 100% recycled paper
Department of Environmental Quality
Kimberly D. Shelley Executive Director DIVISION OF AIR QUALITY Bryce C. Bird Director
State of Utah
SPENCER J. COX Governor DEIDRE HENDERSON Lieutenant Governor

Engineer Review N141850011: Danish Flats Waste Solutions September 4, 2024 Page 1
OPTIONAL: In order for this Engineer Review and associated Approval Order conditions to be considered as an application to administratively amend your Title V Permit, the Responsible Official, as
defined in R307-415-3, must sign the statement below. THIS IS STRICTLY OPTIONAL. If you do not want the Engineer Review to be considered as an application to administratively amend your Operating Permit only the approval signature above is required. Failure to have the Responsible Official sign below will not delay the Approval Order, but will require submittal of a separate Operating Permit Application to revise the Title V permit in accordance with R307-415-5a through 5e and R307-415-7a through 7i. A guidance document: Title V Operating Permit Application Due Dates clarifies the required due dates for Title V operating permit applications and can be viewed at:
https://deq.utah.gov/air-quality/permitting-guidance-and-guidelines-air-quality “Based on information and belief formed after reasonable inquiry, I certify that the statements and information provided for this Approval Order are true, accurate and complete and request that this Approval Order be considered as an application to administratively amend the Operating Permit.” Responsible Official _________________________________________________ (Signature & Date) Print Name of Responsible Official _____________________________________

Engineer Review N141850011: Danish Flats Waste Solutions September 4, 2024 Page 2
UTAH DIVISION OF AIR QUALITY
ENGINEER REVIEW

SOURCE INFORMATION
Project Number N141850011 Owner Name Danish Flats Waste Solutions
Mailing Address 1540 P Road Loma, CO, 81524
Source Name Danish Flats Waste Solutions Source Location: 2.5 miles north of Interstate 70, Exit 214 Cisco, UT 84540
UTM Projection 648,198 m Easting, 4,327,028 m Northing UTM Datum NAD83 UTM Zone UTM Zone 12 SIC Code 1389 (Oil & Gas Field Services, NEC) Source Contact Jon Goza Phone Number [phone] Email [e-mail] Billing Contact Jon Goza
Phone Number [phone] Email [e-mail]
Project Engineer John Persons, Engineer Phone Number [phone] Email [e-mail]
Notice of Intent (NOI) Submitted May 1, 2024 Date of Accepted Application June 12, 2024

Engineer Review N141850011: Danish Flats Waste Solutions September 4, 2024 Page 3
SOURCE DESCRIPTION General Description
Danish Flats Waste Disposal LLC operates a commercial wastewater disposal facility in Cisco. The facility operates natural gas/propane generators, evaporation ponds, and mobile equipment.
NSR Classification: Administrative Amendment Source Classification Located in Attainment Area, Grand County Airs Source Size: B Applicable Federal Standards NSPS (Part 60), A: General Provisions NSPS (Part 60), JJJJ: Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal
Combustion Engines MACT (Part 63), A: General Provisions MACT (Part 63), ZZZZ: National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for
Stationary Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines Project Proposal
Administrative Amendment to Approval Order DAQE-AN141850008-18 for Condition and Equipment Changes Project Description Danish Flats LLC seeks to amend AO DAQE-AN141850008-18 by refining compliance measures in condition II.B.3.d.C and update the equipment list.
EMISSION IMPACT ANALYSIS No new emitting units or emissions, modeling is not required.
[Last updated June 12, 2024]

Engineer Review N141850011: Danish Flats Waste Solutions September 4, 2024 Page 4
SUMMARY OF EMISSIONS
The emissions listed below are an estimate of the total potential emissions from the source. Some rounding of emissions is possible.
Criteria Pollutant Change (TPY) Total (TPY) CO2 Equivalent 0 4922.00 Carbon Monoxide 0 16.20
Nitrogen Oxides 0 9.65
Particulate Matter - PM10 0 0.27
Particulate Matter - PM2.5 0 0.27
Sulfur Dioxide 0 0.06
Volatile Organic Compounds 0 633.27 Hazardous Air Pollutant Change (lbs/yr) Total (lbs/yr)
Benzene (Including Benzene From Gasoline) (CAS #71432) 0 13240
Ethyl Benzene (CAS #100414) 0 1020
Hexane (CAS #110543) 0 20
Methanol (CAS #67561) 0 788800
Toluene (CAS #108883) 0 17680 Xylenes (Isomers And Mixture) (CAS #1330207) 0 13060 Change (TPY) Total (TPY)
Total HAPs 0 416.91

Note: Change in emissions indicates the difference between previous AO and proposed modification.

Engineer Review N141850011: Danish Flats Waste Solutions September 4, 2024 Page 5
Review of BACT for New/Modified Emission Units 1. BACT review regarding Administrative Amendment
This is an amendment to AO DAQE-AN141850008-18 dated June 1, 2018, to modify a permitting compliance condition. The amendment does not involve emission increases or the addition of new emitting units, thus it does not require a BACT analysis. [Last updated June 12, 2024]

SECTION I: GENERAL PROVISIONS
The intent is to issue an air quality AO authorizing the project with the following recommended conditions and that failure to comply with any of the conditions may constitute a violation of the AO. (New or Modified conditions are indicated as “New” in the Outline Label): I.1 The limits set forth in this AO shall not be exceeded without prior approval. [R307-401]
I.2 Modifications to the equipment or processes approved by this AO that could affect the emissions covered by this AO must be reviewed and approved. [R307-401-1] I.3 All records referenced in this AO or in other applicable rules, which are required to be kept by the owner/operator, shall be made available to the Director or Director's representative upon request, and the records shall include the five-year period prior to the date of the request. Unless otherwise specified in this AO or in other applicable state and federal rules, records shall be kept for a minimum of five (5) years. [R307-401-8]
I.4 The owner/operator shall comply with UAC R307-107. General Requirements: Breakdowns. [R307-107] I.5 At all times, including periods of startup, shutdown, and malfunction, owners and operators shall, to the extent practicable, maintain and operate any equipment approved under this AO,
including associated air pollution control equipment, in a manner consistent with good air pollution control practice for minimizing emissions. Determination of whether acceptable operating and maintenance procedures are being used will be based on information available
to the Director which may include, but is not limited to, monitoring results, opacity observations, review of operating and maintenance procedures, and inspection of the source. All maintenance performed on equipment authorized by this AO shall be recorded. [R307-
401-4] I.6 The owner/operator shall comply with UAC R307-150 Series. Emission Inventories. [R307-150]

I.7 All definitions, terms, abbreviations, and references used in this AO conform to those used in the UAC R307 and 40 CFR. Unless noted otherwise, references cited in these AO conditions refer to those rules. [R307-101]

Engineer Review N141850011: Danish Flats Waste Solutions September 4, 2024 Page 6
SECTION II: PERMITTED EQUIPMENT The intent is to issue an air quality AO authorizing the project with the following recommended conditions and that failure to comply with any of the conditions may constitute a violation of the
AO. (New or Modified conditions are indicated as “New” in the Outline Label): II.A THE APPROVED EQUIPMENT
II.A.1 Danish Flats Waste Solutions Produced Water Evaporation Ponds II.A.2 Desanding Tank Number of tanks: One (1) - 500 bbl Emissions controlled by an enclosed combustor II.A.3 Gun Barrel Tanks Number of tanks: Two (2) - 500 bbl (each)
Emissions controlled by an enclosed combustor II.A.4 Separation/Surge Tanks Number of tanks: Four (4) - 1,000 bbl (each)
Emissions controlled by an enclosed combustor II.A.5 Oil Storage Tanks Number of Tanks: Four (4) - 400 bbl (each) Emissions controlled by an enclosed combustor II.A.6 Slop Oil Tank Number of tanks: One (1) - 400 bbl Emissions controlled by an enclosed combustor

II.A.7 Combustor Controls: All storage tanks
II.A.8 Natural Gas/Propane Generator Number of engines: One (1) Fuel: Natural Gas/Propane Maximum Rating: 70 kW
II.A.9 Natural Gas/Propane Generator Number of engines: Four (4) Fuel Type: Natural Gas/Propane Maximum Rating: 125 kW
II.A.10 Phase 1 (Shallow) Evaporation Ponds Number of ponds: Eight (8) Depth: Eight (8) feet
II.A.11 Phase 2 (Deep) Evaporation Ponds
Number of ponds: Six (6) Depth: Eighteen (18) feet

Engineer Review N141850011: Danish Flats Waste Solutions September 4, 2024 Page 7
II.A.12 Mobile Equipment Bobcat skidsteer* Vacuum truck*
Pickup truck*
*Listed for informational purposes only
II.A.13 NEW Propane Tanks Number of tanks: Three (3) - 1,000 gal (each)

SECTION II: SPECIAL PROVISIONS The intent is to issue an air quality AO authorizing the project with the following recommended conditions and that failure to comply with any of the conditions may constitute a violation of the AO. (New or Modified conditions are indicated as “New” in the Outline Label): II.B REQUIREMENTS AND LIMITATIONS
II.B.1 Source-Wide Requirements
II.B.1.a Unless otherwise specified in this AO, the owner/operator shall not allow visible emissions
from any stationary point or fugitive source on site to exceed 20% opacity. [R307-401-8] II.B.1.a.1 Visible fugitive dust emission determinations shall use procedures similar to Method 9. The normal requirement for observations to be made at 15-second intervals over a 6-minute period, however, shall not apply. Visible emissions shall be measured at the densest point of the plume but at a point not less than 1/2 vehicle length behind the vehicle and not less than 1/2 the height of the vehicle. [R307-401-8]

II.B.1.a.2 Opacity observations of emissions from stationary sources shall be conducted in accordance
with 40 CFR 60, Appendix A, Method 9. [R307-401-8] II.B.2 Storage Tank Requirements II.B.2.a The owner/operator shall not produce more than 23,000 barrels (1 barrel = 42 gallons) of crude oil per rolling 12-month period. [R307-401-8]
II.B.2.a.1 To determine compliance with a rolling 12-month total, the owner/operator shall calculate a
new 12-month total by the last day of each month using the most recent 12 months of sales data, recorded via sales receipts. Records of crude oil sales shall be kept for all periods when the facility is in operation. Crude oil sales shall be kept on a daily basis. [R307-401-8]
II.B.2.b NEW The owner/operator shall load and unload all tanker trucks on site by the use of submerged loading. [R307-401-8]
II.B.2.c The owner/operator shall keep the storage tank thief hatches and other tank openings closed and sealed except during tank unloading or other maintenance activities. [R307-401-8]

Engineer Review N141850011: Danish Flats Waste Solutions September 4, 2024 Page 8
II.B.2.d The owner/operator shall inspect the thief hatches at least once monthly to ensure the thief hatches are closed, latched, and the associated gaskets are in good working condition. Records of thief hatch inspections shall include the date of the inspection and the status of the
thief hatches. [R307-401-8] II.B.3 Produced Water Requirements
II.B.3.a The owner/operator shall not exceed 210.3 tons of combined Gasoline Range Organics (GRO) + Diesel Range Organics (DRO) emissions (where GRO shall be considered the measurement of organics in the C6 - C10 range and DRO shall be considered the measurement of organics
in the C11 - C28 range) from water sent to the evaporation ponds per rolling 12-month period.
[R307-401-8]
II.B.3.b The owner/operator shall not exceed 20.66 tons of combined HAP emissions (excluding methanol) from water sent to the evaporation ponds per rolling 12-month period. [R307-401-8]
II.B.3.c To determine compliance with a rolling 12-month total, the owner/operator shall calculate a new 12-month total by the last day of each month using data from the previous 12 months. Combined VOC (GRO + DRO), HAPs (excluding methanol), and methanol emissions shall be calculated using the following formulas: VOC (tons) = (water volume) x (VOC HAP BTEX + GRO + DRO sampled concentrations) HAPs (tons) = (water volume) x (BTEX sampled concentrations) Methanol (tons) = (water volume) x (methanol sampled concentration) Records of produced water received shall be kept for all periods when the plant is in operation. The water volume received shall be determined on a daily basis using billable receipts. Sample requirements are described in Condition II.B.3.d. Records of methanol
emissions shall be kept on a monthly basis.
[R307-401-8]
II.B.3.d NEW The owner/operator shall ensure that sampling of processed water is conducted and analyzed, at a minimum, once monthly. The sample shall be collected, handled, and analyzed as follows: A. Samples shall be collected at the outfall of the treatment process before discharge into the evaporation ponds.
B. Each sample shall be no less than 8 ounces in volume. C. Samples shall be analyzed no more than 14 days after collection. They must be stored at a temperature between 32°F and 40°F prior to analysis.
D. Analysis shall include testing for methanol, BTEX, TPH-GRO (C6 - C10), and TPH-DRO (C11 - C28) using EPA-approved methods such as Method 8260 or 8015, or other methods acceptable to the Director. [R307-401-8]
II.B.4 Combustor Requirements

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II.B.4.a NEW The owner/operator shall ensure that exhaust gas/vapors from all storage tanks on site are routed to the operating combustor. [R307-401-8]
II.B.4.b NEW The owner/operator shall ensure that the combustor operates with a continuous pilot flame and is equipped with an operational auto-igniter. [R307-503-4]
II.B.4.c NEW The owner/operator shall ensure that the combustor operates with no visible emissions. [R307-401-8]
II.B.4.c.1 Visual determination of emissions from the combustor shall be conducted according to 40
CFR 60, Appendix A, Method 22. [R307-401-8]
II.B.5 Generator Requirements
II.B.5.a NEW The owner/operator shall ensure that the 70 kW and four (4) 125 kW generator engines only burn natural gas or propane as fuel. [R307-401-8]
II.B.5.b Visible emissions from the natural gas/propane fired generator engines shall not exceed 10% opacity. [R307-401-8]
II.B.6 Haul Road and Fugitive Dust Requirements
II.B.6.a The owner/operator shall comply with all applicable requirements of R307-205 for Fugitive Emission and Fugitive Dust sources. [R307-205]
II.B.6.b NEW The owner/operator shall post a maximum haul road speed limit of 15 miles per hour within 50 feet of the property entrance. [R307-401-8]
II.B.6.c NEW The owner/operator shall ensure that all unpaved roads and other operational areas used by mobile equipment are water sprayed to control fugitive dust, except when ambient temperatures are below freezing. The application of water shall occur with sufficient
frequency and quantity to meet the opacity limits specified in this AO or as determined necessary by the Director. [R307-401-8]
II.B.6.c.1
NEW
The owner/operator shall maintain records of water treatment for all operational periods of the
plant. These records shall include the following items:
A. Date of treatment B. Number of treatments conducted C. Temperature records when temperatures are below freezing. [R307-401-8]

Engineer Review N141850011: Danish Flats Waste Solutions September 4, 2024 Page 10
PERMIT HISTORY When issued, the approval order shall supersede (if a modification) or will be based on the
following documents: Replaces AO DAQE-AN141850008-18 dated June 1, 2018
Is Derived From NOI dated May 1, 2024 Incorporates Additional Information dated June 12, 2024
REVIEWER COMMENTS 1. Comment regarding Administrative Amendment Permit Condition Changes : Danish Flats Waste Solutions requested a modification to sections 11.B.1.b.1.a)iii of their Title V Operating Permit and 11.B.3.d.C. of the associated Approval Order DAQE-AN141850008-18. The change involved revising the sampling protocol for processed water analysis: extending the allowable time for analysis from 7 days to 14 days after collection if preserved, to accommodate challenges in transporting samples to a qualified lab due to the site's remote location. The language in this part of the condition was also changed from "samples shall be analyzed no less than 14 days after collection" to "samples shall be analyzed no more than 14 days after collection". This change was made because the original wording technically stated that the source would have to wait to after 14 days to analyze the samples when the condition is trying to imply that they should be analyzed
before 14 days. Additionally, samples are required to be stored within a temperature range of 32oF to 40oF prior to analysis. This adjustment aligns with EPA guidelines in Chapter Four of Hazardous Waste Test Methods, SW-846 Update V, which permits extended holding times under specified
conditions. The modification aims to enhance compliance with regulatory standards while addressing logistical constraints faced by Danish Flats at their remote site. Additionally, some of the conditions in the permit were revised by the DAQ to start with "the owner/operator," aligning them with current permitting language.
During the course of this administrative amendment a few other minor changes were made. All of the tank heaters on site have been removed and three (3) 1000 gallon propane tanks are currently on
the site that weren't listed in the AO's equipment list. Additionally, because the tank heaters were removed 40 CFR 63 (MACT) Subpart DDDDD no longer applies to this source and has been removed from the permit. [Last updated August 27, 2024] 2. Comment regarding Minor Source Determination: The DAQ calculated the PTE emission rate of VOC to be 633.27 tpy with 625.25 tpy being considered fugitive. Total HAPs were calculated to be 416.91 tpy with 414.95 tpy being considered fugitive emissions.
UAC R307-101-2(1) defines a Major source as "any stationary source of air pollutants which emits, or has the potential to emit, one hundred tons per year or more of any pollutant subject to regulation under the Clean Air Act.." UAC R307-101-2(3) states: "the fugitive emissions and fugitive dust of a stationary source shall not be included in determining for any of the purposes of these R307 rules whether it is a major stationary source, unless the source belongs to one of the following categories of stationary
sources:.." The Danish Flats operation is not a listed source and therefore fugitive VOC and HAP emissions are not counted towards the Major Source determination. Therefore, for NSR purposes,

Engineer Review N141850011: Danish Flats Waste Solutions September 4, 2024 Page 11
Danish Flats is considered a minor source. UAC R307-415-3 does not allow for HAP emissions to be considered fugitive under the definition of a Major Source, and the Major Source HAP thresholds are 25 tpy of combined HAPs or 10 tpy of any single HAP. This facility has a combined HAP emissions of 416.91 tons, and a single HAP emissions for Methanol of 394.40. This source is a Major Title V HAP source. [Last updated June 20, 2024] 3. Comment regarding 40 CFR 60 Subpart Kb-Standards of Performance for Volatile Organic Liquid Storage Vessels (Including Petroleum Liquid Storage Vessels) for Which Construction, Reconstruction, or Modification Commenced After July 23, 1984: This facility does not have any tanks that meet the definition in Section 60.110(b) for volatile organic liquid storage vessels with a capacity greater than 75 cubic meters (19,812) gallons. Therefore, this subpart does not apply to Danish Flats. [Last updated June 12, 2024]
4. Comment regarding 40 CFR 60 Subpart GG-Standards of Performance for Stationary Gas Turbines: The Natural Gas fired Turbine has been removed from this site. Therefore this subpart does not
apply to Danish Flats. [Last updated June 12, 2024] 5. Comment regarding 40 CFR 60 Subpart IIII-Standards of Performance for Stationary
Compression Ignition Internal Combustion Engines: Danish Flats no longer operates compression ignition engines at this site. The four diesel engines included in the August 4, 2014 AO have been removed. Therefore this subpart does not apply.
[Last updated June 12, 2024] 6. Comment regarding 40 CFR 63 Subpart FF-National Emission Standard for Benzene Waste Operations: This subpart applies to owners and operators of chemical manufacturing plants, coke by-product recovery plants, and petroleum refineries. It also applies to owners and operators of hazardous waste treatment, storage, and disposal facilities that treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste
generated by chemical manufacturing plants, coke by-product recovery plants, and petroleum refineries. This subpart does not apply to Danish Flats, as the water received is from exploration and production operations by the oil and gas industry. They also do not have a hazardous waste management permit
under subtitle C of the Solid Waste Disposal Act.
[Last updated June 12, 2024]
7. Comment regarding 40 CFR 63 Subpart H-National Emission Standards for Organic Hazardous Air Pollutants for Equipment Leaks: This subpart does not apply to Danish Flats. The operations at Danish Flats facility are not required

Engineer Review N141850011: Danish Flats Waste Solutions September 4, 2024 Page 12
to meet the conditions in 40 CFR 63 Subpart H because operations from the facility are not listed or specified in anther subpart of 40 CFR 63.
This subpart applies to pumps, compressors, agitators, pressure relief devices, sampling connection systems, open-ended valves or lines, valves, connectors, surge control vessels, bottoms receivers, instrumentation systems, and control devices or closed vent systems that are intended to operate in organic hazardous air pollutant service 300 hours or more during the calendar year within a source
subject to the provisions of a specific subpart in 40 CFR part 63 that references this subpart.
[Last updated June 12, 2024] 8. Comment regarding 40 CFR 63 Subpart DD-National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air
Pollutants from Off-Site Waste and Recovery Operations: This subpart does not apply to Danish Flats. This subpart applies to off-site waste and recovery operations that are a major source of HAPs and are described by one of the six waste management recovery operations, as described 63.680(a)(2)(i-vi).
Sections 63.680(a)(2)(i), 63.680(a)(2)(ii) and 63.680(a)(2)(iv) are not applicable because drilling fluids, produced waters, and other wastes associated with the exploration, development or production of crude oil, natural gas or geothermal energy, the only waste materials processed at the Danish Flats, are not hazardous wastes as defined under RCRA, 40 C.F.R. § 261(b)(5). Furthermore, Subpart DD Section 63.680(a)(2)(iii) is not applicable because Danish Flats operations
are not a treatment facility subject to regulation under Section 402 or 307(b) of the Clean Water Act. Lastly, Subpart DD Sections 63.680(a)(2)(v) and 63.680(a)(2)(vi) are not applicable because Danish Flats does not reprocess used solvent or used oil, as defined at Section 63.681 of Subpart DD. [Last updated June 12, 2024] 9. Comment regarding 40 CFR 63 Subpart YYYY-National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Stationary Combustion Turbines: This subpart does not apply to Danish Flats, as the combustion turbine has been removed from this site.
[Last updated June 12, 2024]
10. Comment regarding 40 CFR 63 Subpart ZZZZ-National Emissions Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants for Stationary Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines: This subpart applies to Danish Flats. The natural gas/propane generators are considered new stationary engines less than 500 hp located at an area source of HAPs, constructed on or after June 12, 2006. According to 63.6590(c), the engines are affecte4d sources that meet the requirements of this subpart by meeting the requirements of 40 CFR 60 Subpart JJJJ. [Last updated June 12, 2024] 11. Comment regarding 40 CFR 60 Subpart JJJJ - Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines: The 70 kW generator and four (4) 125 kW generators at Danish Flats are subject to this subpart. [Last updated August 30, 2024]

Engineer Review N141850011: Danish Flats Waste Solutions September 4, 2024 Page 13
12. Comment regarding 40 CFR 60 Subpart OOOO - Standards of Performance for Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production, Transmission and Distribution:
Danish Flats does not operate as a production, transmission or distribution facility, nor does it operate one or more of the affected facilities in 60.5365(a). [Last updated August 30, 2024]

Engineer Review N141850011: Danish Flats Waste Solutions September 4, 2024 Page 14
ACRONYMS The following lists commonly used acronyms and associated translations as they apply to this document:
40 CFR Title 40 of the Code of Federal Regulations AO Approval Order BACT Best Available Control Technology
CAA Clean Air Act CAAA Clean Air Act Amendments CDS Classification Data System (used by EPA to classify sources by size/type) CEM Continuous emissions monitor CEMS Continuous emissions monitoring system CFR Code of Federal Regulations CMS Continuous monitoring system CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon Dioxide CO2e Carbon Dioxide Equivalent - 40 CFR Part 98, Subpart A, Table A-1 COM Continuous opacity monitor
DAQ/UDAQ Division of Air Quality DAQE This is a document tracking code for internal UDAQ use EPA Environmental Protection Agency
FDCP Fugitive dust control plan GHG Greenhouse Gas(es) - 40 CFR 52.21 (b)(49)(i) GWP Global Warming Potential - 40 CFR Part 86.1818-12(a)
HAP or HAPs Hazardous air pollutant(s) ITA Intent to Approve LB/HR Pounds per hour
LB/YR Pounds per year MACT Maximum Achievable Control Technology MMBTU Million British Thermal Units
NAA Nonattainment Area NAAQS National Ambient Air Quality Standards NESHAP National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants NOI Notice of Intent NOx Oxides of nitrogen NSPS New Source Performance Standard NSR New Source Review PM10 Particulate matter less than 10 microns in size
PM2.5 Particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in size PSD Prevention of Significant Deterioration PTE Potential to Emit
R307 Rules Series 307 R307-401 Rules Series 307 - Section 401 SO2 Sulfur dioxide
Title IV Title IV of the Clean Air Act Title V Title V of the Clean Air Act TPY Tons per year
UAC Utah Administrative Code VOC Volatile organic compounds

CHAPTER FOUR

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page
4.1 SAMPLING CONSIDERATIONS 1

4.2 SAMPLE PREPARATION METHODS 13

4.3 DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC ANALYTES 14

4.4 IMMUNOASSAY METHODS 17

4.5 MISCELLANEOUS SCREENING METHODS 18

4.6 REFERENCES 19

Table
4­1 RECOMMENDED SAMPLE CONTAINERS, PRESERVATION 9

TECHNIQUES, AND HOLDING TIMES

Appendix A SUMMARY OF UPDATES/CHANGES IN CHAPTER 4 21

SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ i Revision 5

July 2014

CHAPTER FOUR
ORGANIC ANALYTES
Prior to employing the methods in this chapter, analysts are advised to consult the
disclaimer statement at the front of this manual and the information in Chapter Two for guidance
on the allowed flexibility in the choice of apparatus, reagents, and supplies. In addition, unless
specified in a regulation, the use of SW­846 methods is not mandatory in response to Federal
testing requirements. The information contained in this chapter is provided by EPA as guidance
to be used by the analyst and the regulated community in making judgments necessary to meet
the data quality objectives (DQOs) or needs for the intended use of the data.
4.1 SAMPLING CONSIDERATIONS
4.1.1 Introduction
Following the initial and critical step of designing a sampling plan (Chapter Nine) is
the implementation of that plan such that a representative sample of the solid waste (or
other material) is collected. Once the sample has been collected it must be stored and
preserved to maintain the chemical and physical properties that it possessed at the time of
collection. The sample matrix, type of containers and their preparation, analytes of
interest, preservation techniques, and sample holding times must be thoroughly examined
in order to maintain the integrity of the samples. This section highlights practices relevant
to maintaining sample integrity and representativeness from the time of sampling until
analysis is complete. This section is, however, applicable primarily to trace analyses.
Some of these considerations may be less relevant for source level samples.
4.1.2 Sample Handling and Preservation: General Considerations
This following sections deal separately with volatile organic chemicals (VOCs) and
semivolatile organic chemicals (SVOCs). Refer to Chapter Two and Table 4­1 of this
section for recommended sample containers, sample preservation, and holding time
information. The guidelines in Table 4­1 are intended to improve chemical stability in the
sample matrix between the time of sample collection and laboratory preparation/analysis
by minimizing loss of the analytes of interest from the sample container and limiting
biological and/or chemical degradation (e.g., hydrolysis) (Sec. 4.6 Refs 1, 3­6). Sample
preservation recommendations for analysis of organic chemicals almost always include
refrigeration or freezing and may also include chemical preservation (e.g., addition of pH
modifier). Improper handling, preservation, and storage of samples can negatively impact
the representativeness of the field sample data.
The preservation and holding time information presented in Table 4­1 does not
represent EPA requirements, but rather is intended solely as guidance. Selection of
preservation techniques and applicable holding times should be based on all available
information, including the properties of the analytes of interest for the project, their
anticipated concentration levels, the composition of the sample matrix itself, and the stated
project­specific DQOs. A shorter holding time may be appropriate if the analytes of
interest are reactive (e.g., 2­chloroethyl vinyl ether, acrylamide) or the sample matrix is
complex (e.g., wastewater). Conversely, a longer holding time may be appropriate if it can
be demonstrated that the analytes of interest are not adversely affected from preservation,
storage and analyses performed outside the recommended holding times. Prior to
collecting samples for analysis, the project team may consider existing information and
data regarding analyte stability or conduct field screening for the samples to be collected in
SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 1 Revision 5
July 2014

order to determine how best to preserve sample integrity for the analytes of interest. The
use of site­specific performance evaluation material is a high confidence mechanism to
ensure reliability of project data. The references in Sec. 4.6 provide examples of study
designs that may be useful for this purpose.
4.1.3 Sample Handling and Preservation for Volatile Organics
4.1.3.1 VOC Sample Containers
The containers used for collecting VOC samples are frequently volatile
organics analysis (VOA) vials that are directly compatible with the equipment used
for sample preparation and analysis in the laboratory. Use of these containers for
sampling helps minimize loss of VOCs resulting from opening sample containers
and/or transferring materials from one container to another. Certified pre­cleaned
VOA vials are commonly used as sample containers for VOCs and are
commercially available from a number of vendors. The vials should be absent of
burrs around the caps that might prevent the vial from sealing, and septa should be
lined with a polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) layer of sufficient thickness to limit
diffusion of VOCs out of the vials during storage. PTFE thicknesses of 0.13 to
0.25 mm have been shown to be effective. See reference # 18 in Sec. 4.6 below
and Sec. A.8 in Method 5035A for more detail. If they are suspected of being a
source of interferences, VOA vials and unpunctured septa should be washed with
soap and water and rinsed with distilled de­ionized water. After thoroughly
cleaning the vials and septa, they should be placed in an oven and dried at 100 °C
for approximately one hour.
NOTE: Heating the septa for extended periods of time (i.e., more than one hour) or
at higher temperatures should be avoided, because the silicone begins to slowly
degrade at 105 °C). Also, punctured silicone­backed PTFE­lined septa should
generally not be reused, because some VOCs have high affinity for the silicone
material, and puncturing the PTFE septum face exposes the gas phase vial
contents to the silicone backing material, causing loss of certain VOCs depending
on length of exposure time and vial temperature.
Air­tight, sealable coring devices (e.g., En CoreTM, Core N’ OneTM or
equivalent) may also be useful for collection and storage of cohesive soil samples
for VOC analysis. These devices are designed to limit loss of VOCs from samples
during cold storage and shipping over a limited time frame and for quantitative
transfer of solids and associated VOCs into VOA vials for immediate analysis or
further preservation. Their use during field sampling of solids helps reduce or
eliminate the need to handle solvents or chemical preservatives in the field and
eliminates some shipping restrictions on field samples that may otherwise contain
flammable solvents (e.g., methanol). Additional information regarding stability
studies of VOCs in solid materials stored in sealable coring devices is contained in
the Sec. A.7 of the appendix of Method 5035A and is described in more detail in the
sources referenced therein. An American Society for Testing and Materials
(ASTM) standard practice for use of the En CoreTM type samplers is also included in
the references in Sec. 4.6 below.
4.1.3.2 VOC Sample Collection:
When transferring samples into vials, liquids and solids should be
introduced gently to minimize agitation which might drive off volatile compounds.
SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 2 Revision 5
July 2014

At least two replicate VOA vials should be collected and labeled immediately for
each collected field sample. They should not be filled near a running motor or any
type of exhaust system because discharged fumes and vapors may contaminate
the samples. Replicate vials from a single sampling point may be sealed together
in a single plastic bag, but different samples should be segregated into separate
plastic bags to prevent contamination of samples with little to no VOCs from those
with high concentrations. Sample containers may also become contaminated by
diffusion of VOCs into the vials through the septa from the surrounding environment
during shipment and storage. To monitor for this potential source of
contamination, a trip blank prepared from organic­free reagent water (as defined in
Chapter One) should be maintained with the samples throughout sampling,
shipping, and storage. Including activated carbon in the bags containing the
sample vials may help reduce concerns related to these potential sources of sample
contamination.
Improper vial sealing (e.g., due to solids retained on the vial threads) and
improper tightening of caps or closing of sealable coring devices are primary factors
in the loss of volatiles due to sample collection activities. Sealing surfaces and any
closure threads should be inspected to ensure they are free of debris prior to
container closure.
Procedures should also be established for selection and appropriate use
of sample collection devices (i.e., bailer, coring tool, etc.) including appropriate
decontamination measures. If the sample comes in contact with the sampling
device, organic free reagent water may be run through the device and tested as a
field blank.
In general, liquid samples should be poured into vials without introducing
any air bubbles into the samples as vials are filled. Should bubbling occur as a
result of violent pouring, the sample should be poured out and the vial refilled. The
vials should be completely filled at the time of sampling, so that when the septum
cap is fitted and sealed and the vial is inverted, no headspace is visible. The
sample should be hermetically sealed in the vial at the time of sampling, and not
opened prior to analysis to preserve its integrity.
4.1.3.3 VOC Sample Preservation and Holding Times:
Samples containing analytes that can be subject to biological degradation
need to be preserved as soon as possible (preferably in the field) to avoid the loss
of target analytes. Refrigeration or freezing is a primary means of sample
preservation, because rates of biotic and abiotic degradation decrease with
decreasing temperature, and VOCs are also less volatile at lower temperature.
Samples containing analytes that are most subject to biological degradation (e.g.,
aromatic hydrocarbons) also should be chemically preserved (e.g., by addition of
acid), unless they are analyzed immediately. Chemical preservation may be
inappropriate for highly reactive compounds (e.g., 2­chloroethyl vinyl ether,
acrylamide, etc.), since it may accelerate loss by rapid chemical reaction.
Aqueous samples containing free chlorine should also be preserved with a
dechlorinating agent in order to minimize formation of trihalomethanes and other
possible chemical reactions.
Although VOC samples may be held for up to 7 days unpreserved or 14
days or longer preserved, it is generally not recommended as good laboratory
SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 3 Revision 5
July 2014

practice to hold them that long. VOC samples should be run as soon as possible
after receipt by the laboratory. Samples in which highly reactive compounds (e.g.,
2­chloroethyl vinyl ether, acrylamide, etc.) are analytes of interest should be
analyzed as soon as they are received in the laboratory.
4.1.4 Sample Handling and Preservation for Semivolatile Organics, Including
Pesticides, PCBs and Herbicides
4.1.4.1 Sample Containers for Analysis of Semivolatile Organics
The containers specified for samples intended for analysis of SVOCs are
typically constructed of glass with PTFE­lined threaded caps. In situations where
PTFE liners are not available, solvent­rinsed aluminum foil may be used as a liner.
However, acidic or basic samples may react with the aluminum foil, causing
eventual contamination of the sample. Use of new, disposable pre­cleaned and
certified containers reduces concerns about contamination from reusing sample
containers. Plastic containers or plastic lids without PTFE liners should not be
used for storage of samples due to potential contamination by phthalate esters and
other hydrocarbons within the plastic or absorption of any chemicals of concern in
the native sample into the container material. If sample containers are suspected
of being a source of interferences, particularly for low­level analysis, they should be
soap and water washed followed by rinsing with solvent(s) appropriate for the
analytes of interest. (See Sec. 4.1.6 for specific instructions on glassware
cleaning.). Caps may be cleaned by solvent rinsing or replaced with new ones.
Monitoring for contamination introduced from sample containers should be
accomplished through preparation and analysis of a method blank.
4.1.4.2 Sample Collection for SVOCs
Sample containers should be filled with care so as to prevent any portion of
the collected samples from coming in contact with the sampler's gloves, potentially
leading to sample contamination. Samples should not be collected or stored in the
presence of exhaust fumes. If the sample comes in contact with the sampling
device, run organic­free reagent water through the sampling device and test this
water as a field blank.
4.1.4.3 Sample Preservation and Holding Times for SVOCs
Field samples to be analyzed for SVOCs are typically preserved by
refrigeration or freezing. In order to minimize opportunities for the most labile
SVOCs to degrade, these samples are typically recommended to be solvent
extracted shortly after being taken, within 7­14 days for many classes of chemicals.
However, some classes of SVOCs, like polychlorinated biphenyls and
polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans are very recalcitrant and do not
readily degrade during refrigerated storage. Sample matrices to be analyzed for
these SVOCs have no maximum recommended holding time. Depending on the
composition of the sample matrix and the levels of concern for the target analytes,
other classes of SVOCs (e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]) may also
be stable in refrigerated or frozen storage for longer than the maximum holding time
recommended in Table 4­1 (see Reference #12 in Sec. 4.6 below). However, the
composition of the sample matrix can be an important determinant of chemical
stability, and minimizing the holding time between sampling and solvent extraction
is generally a good practice to obtain representative data.
SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 4 Revision 5
July 2014

Solvent extracts of samples should be carefully maintained. Solvent
extraction generally stabilizes SVOCs, because the chemicals are typically
physically removed from the sample matrix, and some loss mechanisms are
eliminated (i.e., biological degradation). Holding times of 40 days are
recommended for solvent extracts for most classes of SVOCs. Many analytes of
interest may be stable in solvent for a longer time period even in extracts of
complex matrices, but problems maintaining small volumes of very volatile solvent
extracts preclude storage of extracts indefinitely, and some SVOCs may still
chemically degrade or may be slightly volatile in certain solvents.
Freezing solvent extracts particularly of complex sample matrices may
cause precipitation of solids resulting from interaction of some co­extracted sample
matrix components. Storing extracts at 0 to 6 oC may limit problems resulting from
analyzing extracts containing precipitated solids, like contaminating or clogging the
injector syringe or introducing insoluble components into the flow pathway of the
mobile phase. One way to remove precipitated solids from a solvent extract is by
filtration with a sub­micron particle size filter made of inert material (e.g., PTFE).
As with other preparation steps, batch quality control (QC) samples should be
subjected to the same filtration procedure as the field samples in order to assess
the cumulative impact of all sample preparation steps on analyte recovery and
evaluate the potential for contamination resulting from all reagents, and other
materials that come into contact with the samples.
4.1.5 Safety
The methods listed in this chapter do not address all safety issues associated with
their use. The laboratory is responsible for maintaining a safe work environment and a
current awareness file of OSHA regulations regarding the safe handling of the chemicals
used in these methods. A reference file of material safety data sheets (MSDSs) and/or
safety data sheets (SDSs) should be available to all personnel involved in these analyses.
Safety should always be the primary consideration in the collection and analysis of
samples. A thorough understanding of the waste production process, as well as all of the
potential hazards of the waste itself, should be investigated whenever possible. The site
should be evaluated just prior to sampling to determine whether any additional safety
measures are necessary. Minimum protection of gloves and safety glasses should be
worn to prevent sample contact with the skin and eyes. A respirator should be worn even
when working outdoors if organic vapors are present. More hazardous sampling missions
may require the use of supplied air and special clothing.
SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 5 Revision 5
October 2012

4.1.6 Cleaning of Reusable Glassware
In order to successfully analyze samples containing components in the parts per
billion or lower concentration range, the preparation of scrupulously clean glassware is
necessary. Failure to do so can lead to a myriad of problems interpreting data due to the
presence of interferences resulting from contamination. Particular care must be taken
with glassware such as Soxhlet extractors, Kuderna­Danish evaporative concentrators,
sampling­train components, or any other glassware that comes into contact with an extract,
particularly if the extract will be evaporated to a smaller volume. The process of
concentrating the compounds of interest in this operation may similarly concentrate the
contaminating substance(s), which may distort the results and complicate data
interpretation.
The basic cleaning steps are:
1. Removal of surface residuals immediately after use
2. Hot soak to loosen and float most particulate material
3. Hot water rinse to flush away floated particulates
4. Soak with an oxidizing agent to destroy traces of organic compounds
5. Hot water rinse to flush away materials loosened by the deep penetrant soak
6. Distilled water rinse to remove metallic deposits from the tap water
7. Alcohol (e.g., isopropanol or methanol) rinse to flush off any final traces of
organic materials and remove the water
8. Flushing the item immediately before use with some of the same solvent that
will be used in the analysis
Comments regarding each of the eight fundamental steps are discussed here in the
order in which they appeared above:
Step 1: As soon as analysis is complete, the glassware (e.g., beakers, pipettes,
flasks, or bottles) that came into contact with samples or standards
should be flushed with water and then alcohol or other appropriate
solvent before it is placed in the hot detergent soak. Otherwise, the
soak bath may serve to contaminate all other glassware placed therein.
Step 2: The hot soak consists of a bath of a suitable detergent in water at 50 °C
or higher. The detergent, powder or liquid, should be entirely synthetic
and not a fatty acid base. There are very few areas of the country where
the water hardness is sufficiently low to avoid formation of some
hard­water scum resulting from the reaction between calcium and
magnesium salts with a fatty acid soap. This hard­water scum or curd
would have an affinity particularly for many chlorinated compounds and,
being almost wholly water­insoluble, would deposit on all glassware in the
bath in a thin film.
SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 6 Revision 5
October 2012

There are many suitable detergents on the wholesale and retail market.
Most of the common liquid dishwashing detergents sold at retail are
satisfactory but are more expensive than other comparable products sold
industrially. Alconox, in powder or tablet form, is manufactured by
Alconox, Inc., New York, and is marketed by a number of laboratory
supply firms. Sparkleen, another powdered product, is distributed by
Fisher Scientific Company.
Step 3: No comments
Step 4: Chromic acid should not be used to clean glassware. Commercial,
non­chromate products (e.g., Nochromix) may be used in place of
chromic acid, if adequate cleaning is documented by an analytical quality
assurance (QA) program. Chromic acid should also not be used with
plastic bottles.
The potential hazards of using chromic­sulfuric acid mixture are great and
have been well publicized. There are now commercially available
substitutes that possess the advantage of safety in handling. These are
biodegradable concentrates with a claimed cleaning strength equal to the
chromic acid solution. They are alkaline, equivalent to roughly 0.1 N
NaOH upon dilution, and are claimed to remove dried blood, silicone
greases, distillation residues, insoluble organic residues, etc. They are
further claimed to remove radioactive traces and will not attack glass or
exert a corrosive effect on skin or clothing. One such product is "Chem
Solv 2157," manufactured by Mallinckrodt and available through
laboratory supply firms. Another comparable product is "Detex," a
product of Borer­Chemie, Solothurn, Switzerland. Other similarly
effective products are Nochromix (Godax Laboratories) and Contrad 70
(Decon Labs).
Steps 5, 6, and 7: No comments
Step 8: There is always a possibility that between the time of washing and the
next use, the glassware could pick up some contamination from either the
air or direct contact. To prevent this, it is good practice to flush the item
immediately before use with some of the same solvent that will be used in
the analysis.
The drying and storage of the cleaned glassware is of critical importance
to realize the benefit of scrupulous cleaning. Pegboard drying is not
recommended. It is recommended that laboratory glassware and
equipment be dried at 100 °C. Under no circumstances should such
small items be left in the open without protective covering. Otherwise,
dust and soot in a laboratory environment can re­contaminate the clean
glassware.
As an alternative to solvent rinsing, glassware may be heated to a
minimum of 300 °C for sufficient time to vaporize any residual organic
chemicals. Glassware should be allowed to cool fully before use. This
high temperature treatment should not be used on volumetric glassware,
glassware with ground glass joints, or sintered glassware.
SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 7 Revision 5
October 2012

4.1.7 High concentration samples
Cross contamination of trace concentration samples may occur when prepared in
the same laboratory with high concentration samples. Ideally, if both type samples are
being handled, a laboratory and glassware dedicated solely to the preparation of high
concentration samples would be available for this purpose. If this is not feasible, at a
minimum, disposable glassware or glassware dedicated solely to the preparation of high
concentration samples should be used. Avoid cleaning glassware used for both trace and
high concentration samples in the same area.
SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 8 Revision 5
October 2012

TABLE 4­1

RECOMMENDED SAMPLE CONTAINERS, PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES, AND HOLDING TIMESa

(Note: Footnotes are located on the last page of the table.)

VOLATILE ORGANICS
Sample Matrix Container1 Preservative2 Holding Time3
Concentrated waste
samples
Method 5035: See the method.
Method 5021: See the method.
Methods 5031 and 5032: See the methods.
Cool to 0 ­ 6 °C. 14 days
Use PTFE­lined lids for all procedures.
Aqueous samples with no Methods 5021, 5030, 5031, and 5032: Cool to 0 ­ 6°C and adjust pH to less than 2 14 days
residual chlorine present
3 x 40­mL vials with PTFE­lined septum caps with H2SO4, HCl, or solid NaHSO4
If carbonaceous materials are present, or if
MTBE and other fuel oxygenate ethers are
present and a high temperature sample 7 days
preparative method is to be used, do not
acid preserve the samples.
If compounds that readily degrade in acidified
water (e.g., 2­chloroethyl vinyl etherb) are
analytes of interest, collect a second set of 7 days
samples without acid preservatives and
analyze as soon as possible.
SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 9 Revision 5
October 2012

TABLE 4­1 (continued)

RECOMMENDED SAMPLE CONTAINERS, PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES, AND HOLDING TIMESa

VOLATILE ORGANICS (continued)

Sample Matrix Container1 Preservative2 Holding Time3

Aqueous samples WITH Methods 5021, 5030, 5031, and 5032: Collect sample in a 125­mL container which
residual chlorine present 3 x 40­mL vials with PTFE­lined septum caps has been pre­preserved with 4 drops of 10%
sodium thiosulfate solution. Gently swirl to 14 days
mix sample and transfer to a 40­mL VOA vial.
Cool to 0 ­ 6 °C and adjust pH to less than 2
with H2SO4, HCl, or solid NaHSO4.
If carbonaceous materials are present, or if
MTBE and other fuel oxygenate ethers are
present and a high temperature sample 7 days
preparative method is to be used, do not
acid preserve the samples.
If compounds that readily degrade in acidified
water (e.g., 2­chloroethyl vinyl etherb) are
analytes of interest, collect a second set of 7 days
samples without acid preservatives and
analyze as soon as possible.
Acrolein and Acrylonitrile Methods 5021, 5030, 5031, and 5032: Adjust to pH 4 ­ 5. Cool to 0 ­ 6 °C.
Aqueous samples 3 x 40­ml vials with PTFE­lined septum caps These compounds are highly reactive and 7 days
should be analyzed as soon as possible.
Solid samples Method 5035: See the method. See the individual methods. 14 days
(e.g., soils, sediments, Method 5021: See the method.
sludges, ash) Methods 5031 and 5032: See the methods. If compounds that may be reactive in acidified
soils (e.g., vinyl chloride, styrene, 2­chloroethyl
vinyl ether) are analytes of interest, collect a 7 days
second set of samples without acid
preservatives and analyze as soon as
possible.
SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 10 Revision 5
October 2012
TABLE 4­1 (continued) 
RECOMMENDED SAMPLE CONTAINERS, PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES, AND HOLDING TIMESa 

Sample Matrix 

Concentrated waste 
samples 

Aqueous samples with no 
residual chlorine present 

Aqueous samples WITH 
residual chlorine present 

Solid samples 
(e.g., soils, sediments, 
sludges, ash) 

SEMIVOLATILE ORGANICS/ORGANOCHLORINE PESTICIDES AND HERBICIDES 

Container1 

125­mL wide­mouth glass with PTFE­lined 
lid 

4 x 1­L amber glass container with 
PTFE­lined lid, or other size, as appropriate, 
to allow use of entire sample for analysis. 

4 x 1­L amber glass container with 
PTFE­lined lid, or other size, as appropriate, 
to allow use of entire sample for analysis. 

250­mL wide­mouth glass container with 
PTFE­lined lid 

Preservative2 

Cool to 0 ­ 6 °C. 

Cool to 0 ­ 6 °C. 

Add 3 mL 10% sodium thiosulfate solution per 
gallon (or 0.008%).    Addition of sodium 
thiosulfate solution to sample container may be 
performed in the laboratory prior to field use. 
Cool to 0 ­ 6 °C. 

Cool to 0 ­ 6 °C. 

Holding Time3 

Samples extracted 
within 14 days and 
extracts analyzed 
within 40 days 
following extraction. 

Samples extracted 
within 7 days and 
extracts analyzed 
within 40 days 
following extraction. 

Samples extracted 
within 7 days and 
extracts analyzed 
within 40 days 
following extraction. 

Samples extracted 
within 14 days and 
extracts analyzed 
within 40 days 
following extraction. 

SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 11    Revision 5 
 October 2012 
TABLE 4­1 (continued) 
RECOMMENDED SAMPLE CONTAINERS, PRESERVATION TECHNIQUES, AND HOLDING TIMESa 

POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS, POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZO­p­DIOXINS, AND POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZOFURANS 

Sample Matrix Container1 Preservative2 Holding Time3 

Concentrated waste 125­mL wide­mouth glass with PTFE­lined None None 
samples lid 

Aqueous samples with no  4 x 1­L amber glass container with Cool to 0 ­ 6 °C. None 
residual chlorine present PTFE­lined lid, or other size, as appropriate, 
to allow use of entire sample for analysis. 

Aqueous samples WITH  4 x 1­L amber glass container with Add 3 mL 10% sodium thiosulfate solution per None 
residual chlorine present PTFE­lined lid, or other size, as appropriate,  gallon (or 0.008%).    Addition of sodium 
to allow use of entire sample for analysis. thiosulfate solution to sample container may be 
performed in the laboratory prior to field use. 

Cool to 0 ­ 6 °C 

Solid samples 250­mL wide­mouth glass container with Cool to 0 ­ 6 °C. None 
(e.g., soils, sediments, PTFE­lined lid. 
sludges, ash) 
a The information presented in this table does not represent EPA requirements, but rather it is intended solely as guidance.    Selection of 
containers, preservation techniques and applicable holding times should be based on the stated project­specific DQOs. 
b See References 1­10 for the preservation and holding times studies for volatile organics.    It is the intention of the Agency that separate unpreserved vials 
be collected when 2­chloroethylvinyl ether is an analyte of interest.   1 PTFE ­lined caps are acceptable for all recommended container types.    Additional replicate sample containers should also be collected to perform 
all necessary laboratory QC (e.g., duplicate, matrix spike / matrix spike duplicate QC samples). 
2 The exact sample, extract, and standard storage temperature should be based on project­specific requirements and/or manufacturer's 
recommendations for commercially available standards.    Furthermore, alternative storage temperatures may be appropriate based on 
demonstrated analyte stability in a given matrix, provided the stated DQOs for a project­specific application are still attainable. 
3 A longer holding time may be appropriate if it can be demonstrated that the reported analyte concentrations are not adversely affected from 
preservation, storage and analyses performed outside the recommended holding times. 

SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 12    Revision 5 
 October 2012 

4.2 SAMPLE PREPARATION METHODS
Prior to employing the methods in this chapter, analysts are advised to consult the
disclaimer statement at the front of this manual and the information in Chapter Two for
guidance on the allowed flexibility in the choice of apparatus, reagents, and supplies. In
addition, unless specified in a regulation, the use of SW­846 methods is not mandatory in
response to Federal testing requirements. The information contained in each procedure is
provided by EPA as guidance to be used by the analyst and the regulated community in
making judgments necessary to meet the DQOs or needs for the intended use of the data.
4.2.1 Extractions and preparations
The following methods are included in this section:
Method 3500C: Organic Extraction and Sample Preparation
Method 3510C: Separatory Funnel Liquid­Liquid Extraction
Method 3511: Organic Compounds in Water by Microextraction
Method 3520C: Continuous Liquid­Liquid Extraction
Method 3535A: Solid­Phase Extraction (SPE)
Method 3540C: Soxhlet Extraction
Method 3541: Automated Soxhlet Extraction
Method 3542: Extraction of Semivolatile Analytes Collected Using Method
0010 (Modified Method 5 Sampling Train)
Method 3545A: Pressurized Fluid Extraction (PFE)
Method 3546: Microwave Extraction
Method 3550C: Ultrasonic Extraction
Method 3560: Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Total Recoverable Petroleum
Hydrocarbons
Method 3561: Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Polynuclear Aromatic
Hydrocarbons
Method 3562: Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Polychlorinated Biphenyls
(PCBs) and Organochlorine Pesticides
Method 3570: Microscale Solvent Extraction (MSE)
Method 3571: Extraction of Solid and Aqueous Samples for Chemical Agents
Method 3572: Extraction of Wipe Samples for Chemical Agents
Method 3580A: Waste Dilution
Method 3585: Waste Dilution for Volatile Organics
Method 5000: Sample Preparation for Volatile Organic Compounds
Method 5021A: Volatile Organic Compounds in Soils and Other Solid Matrices
Using Equilibrium Headspace Analysis
Method 5030B: Purge­and­Trap for Aqueous Samples
Method 5031: Volatile, Non­purgeable, Water­Soluble Compounds by
Azeotropic Distillation
Method 5032: Volatile Organic Compounds by Vacuum Distillation
Method 5035: Closed­System Purge­and­Trap and Extraction for Volatile
Organics in Soil and Waste Samples
Method 5041A: Analysis for Desorption of Sorbent Cartridges from Volatile
Organic Sampling Train (VOST)
SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 13 Revision 5
July 2014

4.2.2 Cleanup
The following methods are included in this section:
Method 3600C: Cleanup
Method 3610B: Alumina Cleanup
Method 3611B: Alumina Column Cleanup and Separation of Petroleum Wastes
Method 3620C: Florisil Cleanup
Method 3630C: Silica Gel Cleanup
Method 3640A: Gel­Permeation Cleanup
Method 3650B: Acid­Base Partition Cleanup
Method 3660B: Sulfur Cleanup
Method 3665A: Sulfuric Acid/Permanganate Cleanup
4.3 DETERMINATION OF ORGANIC ANALYTES
Prior to employing the methods in this chapter, analysts are advised to consult the
disclaimer statement at the front of this manual and the information in Chapter Two for
guidance on the allowed flexibility in the choice of apparatus, reagents, and supplies. In
addition, unless specified in a regulation, the use of SW­846 methods is not mandatory in
response to Federal testing requirements. The information contained in each procedure is
provided by EPA as guidance to be used by the analyst and the regulated community in
making judgments necessary to meet the DQOs or needs for the intended use of the data.
4.3.1 Gas chromatographic methods
The following methods are included in this section:
Method 8000D: Determinative Chromatographic Separations
Method 8011: 1,2­Dibromoethane and 1,2­Dibromo­3­chloropropane by
Microextraction and Gas Chromatography
Method 8015C: Non­halogenated Organics by Gas Chromatography
Method 8021B: Aromatic and Halogenated Volatiles by Gas Chromatography
Using Photoionization and/or Electrolytic Conductivity
Detectors
Method 8031: Acrylonitrile by Gas Chromatography
Method 8032A: Acrylamide by Gas Chromatography
Method 8033: Acetonitrile by Gas Chromatography with Nitrogen­Phosphorus
Detection
Method 8041A: Phenols by Gas Chromatography
Method 8061A: Phthalate Esters by Gas Chromatography with Electron
Capture Detection (GC/ECD)
Method 8070A: Nitrosamines by Gas Chromatography
Method 8081B: Organochlorine Pesticides by Gas Chromatography
Method 8082A: Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) by Gas Chromatography
SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 14 Revision 5
July 2014

Method 8085: Compound­independent Elemental Quantitation of Pesticides
by Gas Chromatography with Atomic Emission Detection
(GC/AED)
Method 8091: Nitroaromatics and Cyclic Ketones by Gas Chromatography
Method 8095: Explosives by Gas Chromatography
Method 8100: Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Method 8111: Haloethers by Gas Chromatography
Method 8121: Chlorinated Hydrocarbons by Gas Chromatography:
Capillary Column Technique
Method 8131: Aniline and Selected Derivatives by Gas Chromatography
Method 8141B: Organophosphorus Compounds by Gas Chromatography
Method 8151A: Chlorinated Herbicides by GC Using Methylation or
Pentafluorobenzylation Derivatization
4.3.2 Gas chromatographic/mass spectrometric methods
Prior to employing the methods in this chapter, analysts are advised to consult the
disclaimer statement at the front of this manual and the information in Chapter Two for
guidance on the allowed flexibility in the choice of apparatus, reagents, and supplies. In
addition, unless specified in a regulation, the use of SW­846 methods is not mandatory in
response to Federal testing requirements. The information contained in each procedure is
provided by EPA as guidance to be used by the analyst and the regulated community in
making judgments necessary to meet the DQOs or needs for the intended use of the data.
The following methods are included in this section:
Method 8260B: Volatile Organic Compounds by Gas Chromatography/Mass
Spectrometry (GC/MS)
Method 8261: Volatile Organic Compounds by Vacuum Distillation in
Combination with Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry
(VD/GC/MS)
Method 8270D: Semivolatile Organic Compounds by Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS)
Method 8275A: Semivolatile Organic Compounds (PAHs and PCBs) in
Soils/Sludges and Solid Wastes Using Thermal Extraction/Gas
Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (TE/GC/MS)
Method 8276: Toxaphene and Toxaphene Congeners by Gas
Chromatography/Negative Ion Chemical Ionization Mass
Spectrometery (GC­NICI/MS)
Method 8280B: Polychlorinated Dibenzo­p­Dioxins (PCDDs) and
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by High­Resolution
Gas Chromatography/Low Resolution Mass Spectrometry
(HRGC/LRMS)
Method 8290A: Polychlorinated Dibenzo­p­dioxins (PCDDs) and
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDFs) by High­Resolution
Gas Chromatography/High­Resolution Mass Spectrometry
(HRGC/HRMS)
Appendix A: Procedures for the Collection, Handling,
SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 15 Revision 5
July 2014

Analysis and Reporting of Wipe Tests Performed within the
Laboratory
4.3.3 High performance liquid chromatographic methods
Prior to employing the methods in this chapter, analysts are advised to consult the
disclaimer statement at the front of this manual and the information in Chapter Two for
guidance on the allowed flexibility in the choice of apparatus, reagents, and supplies. In
addition, unless specified in a regulation, the use of SW­846 methods is not mandatory in
response to Federal testing requirements. The information contained in each procedure is
provided by EPA as guidance to be used by the analyst and the regulated community in
making judgments necessary to meet the DQOs or needs for the intended use of the data.
The following methods are included in this section:
Method 8310: Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Method 8315A: Determination of Carbonyl Compounds by High Performance
Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Appendix A: Re­crystallization of 2,4­Dinitrophenylhydrazine
(DNPH)
Method 8316: Acrylamide, Acrylonitrile and Acrolein by High Performance
Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)
Method 8318A: N­Methylcarbamates by High Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC)
Method 8321B: Solvent­Extractable Nonvolatile Compounds by High­
Performance Liquid Chromatography/Thermospray/Mass
Spectrometry (HPLC/TS/MS) or Ultraviolet (UV) Detection
Method 8325: Solvent Extractable Nonvolatile Compounds by High
Performance Liquid Chromatography/Particle Beam/Mass
Spectrometry (HPLC/PB/MS)
Method 8330A: Nitroaromatics and Nitramines by High Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC)
Method 8331: Tetrazene by Reverse Phase High Performance Liquid
Chromatography (HPLC)
Method 8332: Nitroglycerine by High Performance Liquid Chromatography
4.3.4 Infrared methods
Prior to employing the methods in this chapter, analysts are advised to consult the
disclaimer statement at the front of this manual and the information in Chapter Two for
guidance on the allowed flexibility in the choice of apparatus, reagents, and supplies. In
addition, unless specified in a regulation, the use of SW­846 methods is not mandatory in
response to Federal testing requirements. The information contained in each procedure is
provided by EPA as guidance to be used by the analyst and the regulated community in
making judgments necessary to meet the DQOs or needs for the intended use of the data.
The following methods are included in this section:
SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 16 Revision 5
July 2014

Method 8410: Gas Chromatography/Fourier Transform Infrared (GC/FT­IR)
Spectrometry for Semivolatile Organics: Capillary Column
Method 8430: Analysis of Bis(2­chloroethyl) Ether and Hydrolysis Products by
Direct Aqueous Injection GC/FT­IR
Method 8440: Total Recoverable Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Infrared
Spectrophotometry
4.3.5 Miscellaneous spectrometric methods
Prior to employing the methods in this chapter, analysts are advised to consult the
disclaimer statement at the front of this manual and the information in Chapter Two for
guidance on the allowed flexibility in the choice of apparatus, reagents, and supplies. In
addition, unless specified in a regulation, the use of SW­846 methods is not mandatory in
response to Federal testing requirements. The information contained in each procedure is
provided by EPA as guidance to be used by the analyst and the regulated community in
making judgments necessary to meet the DQOs or needs for the intended use of the data.
The following method is included in this section:
Method 8520: Continuous Measurement of Formaldehyde in Ambient Air
4.4 IMMUNOASSAY METHODS
Prior to employing the methods in this chapter, analysts are advised to consult the
disclaimer statement at the front of this manual and the information in Chapter Two for guidance
on the allowed flexibility in the choice of apparatus, reagents, and supplies. In addition, unless
specified in a regulation, the use of SW­846 methods is not mandatory in response to Federal
testing requirements. The information contained in each procedure is provided by EPA as
guidance to be used by the analyst and the regulated community in making judgments necessary
to meet the DQOs or needs for the intended use of the data.
The following methods are included in this section:
Method 4000: Immunoassay
Method 4010A: Screening for Pentachlorophenol by Immunoassay
Method 4015: Screening for 2,4­Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid by
Immunoassay
Method 4020: Screening for Polychlorinated Biphenyls by Immunoassay
Method 4025: Screening for Polychlorinated Dibenzodioxins and
Polychlorinated Dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) by Immunoassay
Method 4030: Soil Screening for Petroleum Hydrocarbons by Immunoassay
Method 4035: Soil Screening for Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons by
Immunoassay
Method 4040: Soil Screening for Toxaphene by Immunoassay
Method 4041: Soil Screening for Chlordane by Immunoassay
Method 4042: Soil Screening for DDT by Immunoassay
Method 4050: TNT Explosives in Soil by Immunoassay
Method 4051: Hexahydro­1,3,5­trinitro­1,3,5­triazine (RDX) in Soil by
SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 17 Revision 5
July 2014

Immunoassay
Method 4425: Screening Extracts of Environmental Samples for Planar
Organic Compounds (PAHs, PCBs, PCDDs/PCDFs) by a
Reporter Gene on a Human Cell Line
Method 4430: Screening For Polychlorinated Dibenzo­p­Dioxins And Furans
(PCDD/Fs) By Aryl Hydrocarbon­Receptor PCR Assay
Method 4435: Method For Toxic Equivalents (TEQS) Determinations For
Dioxin­Like Chemical Activity with the CALUX® Bioassay
Method 4670: Triazine Herbicides as Atrazine in Water by Quantitative
Immunoassay
4.5 MISCELLANEOUS SCREENING METHODS
Prior to employing the methods in this chapter, analysts are advised to consult the
disclaimer statement at the front of this manual and the information in Chapter Two for guidance
on the allowed flexibility in the choice of apparatus, reagents, and supplies. In addition, unless
specified in a regulation, the use of SW­846 methods is not mandatory in response to Federal
testing requirements. The information contained in each procedure is provided by EPA as
guidance to be used by the analyst and the regulated community in making judgments necessary
to meet the DQOs or needs for the intended use of the data.
The following methods are included in this section:
Method 3815: Screening Solid Samples for Volatile Organics
Method 3820: Hexadecane Extraction and Screening of Purgeable Organics
Method 8510: Colorimetric Screening Procedure for RDX and HMX in Soil
Method 8515: Colorimetric Screening Method for Trinitrotoluene (TNT) in Soil
Method 8535: Screening Procedure for Total Volatile Organic Halides in
Water
Method 8540: Pentachlorophenol by UV­Induced Colorimetry
Method 9074: Turbidimetric Screening Method for Total Recoverable
Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Soil
Method 9078: Screening Test Method for Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Soil
Method 9079: Screening Test Method for Polychlorinated Biphenyls in
Transformer Oil
SW­846 Update V FOUR ­ 18 Revision 5
July 2014

4.6 REFERENCES
1. A. B. Dindal, R. A. Jenkins, and C. K. Bayne. "Summary Report ­ Evaluation of the
Impact of Post­Holding Time Analyte Degradation on Regulatory Decision­Making ­
VOCs in Water," Oak Ridge National Laboratory. 2001.
2. ASTM Standard D4841, 1988 (2008). Standard Practice for Estimation of Holding Time
for Water Samples Containing Organic and Inorganic Constituents. ASTM International,
West Conshohocken, PA, 2003, DOI: 10.1520/D4841­88R08, www.astm.org.
3. J. T. Love, G. C., Deltzer, S. R. Abney, and J. S. Zogorski. “Study Design and Analytical
Results Used to Evaluate Stability of Volatile Organic Compounds in Water Matrices.”
United States Geological Survey Open­File Report 98­637. 1999.
4. M. P. Maskarinec, C. K. Bayne, L. H. Johnson, S. K. Holladay, and R. A. Jenkins.
“Stability of Volatile Organics in Environmental Water Samples: Storage and
Preservation.” Oak Ridge National Laboratory ORNL/TM­11300. 1989.
5. O. R. West, C. K. Bayne, R. L. Siegrist, W. L. Holden, S. S. Scarborough, and D. W.
Bottrell. “Stability of VOCs in Water samples During Pre­analytical Holding. Part 1.
Analyses by a Commercial Laboratory.” Oak Ridge National Laboratory
ORNL/TM­13240/V1. 1996.
6. O. R. West, C. K. Bayne, R. L. Siegrist, W. L. Holden, and D. W. Bottrell. “Stability of
VOCs in Water samples During Pre­analytical Holding. Part 2. Analyses by an EPA
Regional Laboratory.” Oak Ridge National Laboratory ORNL/TM­13240/V2. 1997.
7. C. K. Bayne, D. D. Schmoyer, and R. A. Jenkins. “Practical Reporting Times for
Environmental Samples.” Environmental Science and Technology, 28: 1430­1436.
8. 1994.
9. M. P. Maskarinec, C. K. Bayne, R. A. Jenkins, L. H. Johnson, and S. K. Holladay.
“Final Report ­ Stablity of Volatile Organics in Environmental Soil samples.” Oak Ridge
National Laboratory ORNL/TM­12128. 1992.
10. Preservation and Holding Times Study for Vinyl Chloride, Styrene in Industrial
Wastewater provided by Test America, January 2012.
11. Preservation and Holding Times Study for Vinyl Chloride, Styrene in Municipal
Wastewater provided by the Hampton Roads Sanitation District in Virginia Beach,
Virginia, January 2012.
12. ASTM Guide D4547, 1991 (2009). Standard Guide for Sampling Waste and Soils for
Volatile Organic Compounds. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2003,
DOI: 10.1520/D4547­09, www.astm.org.
13. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. “Sample Holding Time Re­evaluation.”
EPA/600/R­05/124. 2005.
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14. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. “Performance of Hydrochloric Acid and
Trisodium Phosphate as Preservatives for Selected Organic Compounds in Ground
Water.” In: A Guide for Assessing Biodegradation and Source Identification of
Organic Ground Water Contaminants using Compound Specific Isotope Analysis, EPA
600/R­08/148. 2008.
15. ASTM Standard Practice D6418, 2003 (2009). Standard Practice for Using the
Disposable En Core Sample for Sampling and Storing Soil for Volatile Organic
Analysis. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2003, DOI:
10.1520/D6418­09, www.astm.org.
16. RCRA Organic Methods Workgroup Meeting Minutes, January 19, 2012.
17. RCRA Organic Methods Workgroup Meeting Minutes, January 26, 2012.
18. RCRA Organic Methods Workgroup Meeting Minutes, February 9, 2012.
19. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. “Integrity of VOA Vial Seals.”
EPA/600/R­00/066. 2000.
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Appendix A:

Summary of Updates/Changes in Chapter 4

1. The document format was updated to Microsoft Word .docx format.
2. The revision number was changed to five and the date published to July 2014.
3. Various editorial corrections were made throughout Section 4.1 to 4.5 to improve clarity.
4. Table 4­1 was reformatted and updated by removing the recommendation to collect a
second set of samples without adding an acid preservative and analyze in a shorter time
frame if vinyl chloride and styrene are analytes of concern for aqueous samples.
5. Methods 3511 and 3572 were added to Section 4.2.1. Various Method version letters
were updated to the current version.
6. Methods 4025, 4430 and 4435 were added to Section 4.4
7. A references section was added as Section 4.6.
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