DSHW-2023-004159 - 0901a068811e3ad3

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Recycled Earth Subsurface Investigation
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Rasmuson, Anna <[e-mail]>Mon, Apr 24, 2023 at 4:58 PM
To: "[e-mail]" <[e-mail]>
Cc: "Cahoon, Tyler R." <[e-mail]>, "Cahoon, Brad R." <[e-mail]>, "Wilson, DavidWilson"
<[e-mail]>
Hello,
Tetra Tech is continuing the site characterization activities at the Recycled Earth south property. The next step will be the subsurface
investigation that consists of soil borings and groundwater monitoring well installations. The proposed drilling dates for this work are
May 5 and 6, 2023, with utility clearance being performed a few days prior to drilling. We are providing this advance notice via this
correspondence as requested by the agencies.
Tetra Tech is also providing this correspondence to present a minor revision to the Recycled Earth Site Characterization Plan SOP
number 30. The drilling company, E.T. Technologies, is urging that we use direct-push drilling methods instead of hollow-stem auger
drilling methods for the site property because the wells will be shallow (i.e., less than 20 feet deep). Attached is the revised SOP
describing direct push drilling methods that have been used on similar monitoring well installations.
Please let us know if you have questions on this revision.
Regards,
Anna
Anna Rasmuson, Ph.D., P.G. | Geological Engineer
Pronouns: she, her, hers
Mobile [phone] | [e-mail]
Tetra Tech | Leading with Science® | ECA
4750 W. 2100 S., Suite. 400. | Salt Lake City, UT 84120 | tetratech.com
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Recycled Earth_SOP_Well_installation_4_21_2023.pdf
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DSHW-2023-004159
TETRA TECH, INC.
Standard Operating Procedure
Revision Date: 4/21/2023
Created by: Anthony Camacho
Project name: Recycled Earth
Page 1 of 12
Groundwater Monitoring Well Installation
1. Purpose
The purpose of this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) is to delineate the quality control
measures required to ensure the accurate installation of groundwater monitoring wells. The term
monitoring well is used to denote any environmental sampling well.
2. Procedure
2.1 FIELD PREPARATION
Notify client, property owner prior to sampling date in case there is any requirement to reach
property.
2.1.1 Forms
Gather proper field forms necessary for field sampling such as:
Daily Report Sheets
Field Service Request
Tailgate Health and Safety
Excavation Permits
Utility clearances
Borehole logging form
Well completion forms
Appropriate work plan
2.1.2 Drilling Equipment
Appropriately sized drill rig adequately equipped with sampling equipment, bits, drill stem, etc.
Steam cleaner and water obtained from an approved source for decontaminating
drilling equipment
TETRA TECH, INC.
Standard Operating Procedure
Revision Date: 4/21/2023
Created by: Anthony Camacho
Project name: Recycled Earth
Page 2 of 12

Water level indicator
LEL-oxygen monitor
Steel drums for investigation derived waste (drill cuttings, contaminated PPE, decon
solution) (if necessary)
Source of approved water
Heavy plastic sheeting
Decontamination area

2.1.3 Well installation materials
The specifications for the following materials are included in the well construction:
Well screen
Riser pipe
Plugs/caps
Filter pack
Bentonite
Portland cement
Steel protective casing
Submersible pump
Surge block
Concrete

Decontamination equipment including:
Deionized or distilled water
Alconox
graduated cylinders
paper towel

2.1.4 Personal Equipment
Appropriate PPE (see HASP)
Munsell color chart
Hand lens
Folding rule
First aid kit
Fire extinguisher
2.2 WELL DRILLING PROCEDURE
2.2.1 Rationale
Sound groundwater sample integrity is dependent primarily on strict adherence to properly
conceived monitor well construction and development procedures. In addition, it is equally
important that boreholes (i.e., soil borings, wells, and piezometers) be abandoned properly, when
necessary, to preclude the possibility of cross-contamination of water-bearing zones. To
ensure that these goals are met, the following monitoring well drilling, and completion
procedures will be utilized.
2.2.2 Preliminary procedures
Never assume the rig will arrive on-site completely decontaminated from the previous job.
Always inspect it. Road dust can have elevated levels of organics and inorganics attached to it.
It is always a good idea to have the drillers lay out all the tools from their side tool panels and
wash both the tools and the storage compartments. Between holes and on-site locations,
ensure that dirty tools are decontaminated before being returned to these compartments
The following standard field procedures should be followed at each borehole location:
Check the location and number of the drilling location against a map and against the flag or
stake. A good rule of thumb is to measure twice, and drill once.
TETRA TECH, INC.
Standard Operating Procedure
Revision Date: 4/21/2023
Created by: Anthony Camacho
Project name: Recycled Earth
Page 3 of 12
TETRA TECH, INC.
Standard Operating Procedure
Revision Date: 4/21/2023
Created by: Anthony Camacho
Project name: Recycled Earth
Page 4 of 12

Make sure you have a utility clearance for that location.
Back the rig into position so you do not have to drive over the finished hole.
Set up the work area (and sample holding area) to be upwind of the rig exhaust. This
may require the work area to be moved several times during the day.
Check the condition of the driller’s downhole measuring device. Often these devices are missing
several inches, tenths of inches, or feet, and, if used, will result in contradictory hole and well
completion information.
Remove any electrical tape or materials from any devices that, if lost downhole, could result in
possible contamination of groundwater.
Ensure that the measuring device is decontaminated each time it is used.
Drilling is a team effort that includes personnel and the driller. Arrange with the driller before
activities begin to keep you informed of what he/she sees or believes is happening downhole.
For example, the driller can often tell you when the soil is getting harder or softer, or when
he/she is losing or gaining fluids (the hole is making water). These comments often may be
related later to lithologic and hydro stratigraphic changes and, therefore, may verify logs.

2.2.3 Direct Push Technology
Direct push methods use up to 40,000 pounds of hydraulic force to push a steel
instrumented cone or a sampling device into the ground. No material comes to the surface
unless soil or groundwater samples are being collected.
2.2.3.1 Advantages
This method is generally cleaner than other drilling techniques that require a water supply and
may result in the need to containerize drilling fluids (e.g., muds) as well as cuttings. No material
comes to the surface unless soil or groundwater samples are being collected. Because no drilling
muds introduced to the hole, soil and groundwater samples are considered more accurate and
representative. Sample moisture content is more likely to be representative of the formation.
Small-diameter monitoring wells can be installed quickly and efficiently.

2.2.4.2 Limitations
Limited in depth of penetration to approximately 100 feet depending on the materials encountered
and the size of the drill rig. Can smear a layer of fine-grained soil on the side of borehole that may
prevent groundwater from entering. The finer the matrix, the greater the chance for smearing the
side of the hole.
2.2.3.3 Procedures
Once the rig is in place, ensure that it is level by insisting that the driller use a
carpenter’s level on each rig. Unaided visual assessment of plumbness is not acceptable.
Using the direct push drill rig, advance a carbon steel core sampler containing a 2 or 3-
foot clear acetate sample tube to the desired depth into the soil. This is referred to as a sampling
interval. Carefully watch the progression of the core sampler while recording blow counts and
note irregularities in the penetration rate. Upon removal of the sampler from the borehole, the
acetate sample tube will be removed and the ends will be
capped to prevent volatilization from the sample. Sample tubes will be marked with the
depth interval and the sample orientation. Place acetate sample tubes on clean polyethylene
sheeting for inspection/sampling. Each sample tube will be inspected for the presence of
groundwater. The tube will be cut lengthwise using a decontaminated closed blade knife, and the
soil will be logged. These steps will be repeated until the desired boring depth is reached.
Record observations of:
- Sampler penetration rates.

- Characteristics of sample (i.e., moisture content, color, and texture),
including changes in the nature (behavior) of the sample. For example, if the soil
begins to form balls or rope, moisture in the soil has probably increased at that
depth.
- Gravel, boulders, and competent bedrock will make the rig bounce, or vibrate.
- Remember that the samples appear at the surface after a time lag, and that this lag
increases with the depth of the hole; therefore, it is not possible to correlate
cuttings with the exact depth being drilled.
TETRA TECH, INC.
Standard Operating Procedure
Revision Date: 4/21/2023
Created by: Anthony Camacho
Project name: Recycled Earth
Page 5 of 12
Running, heaving, or flowing sands occur when the carbon steel core intercepts a saturated soil
unit whose fluid or formational pressure pushes its materials out into the boring and up the
augers.
Document all refusals,), rig gyrations, and physical conditions of samplers.

2.3 Well Construction

2.3.1 Casing/Screen
Typically, only polyvinyl chloride (PVC), Teflon (polytetrafluoroethylene or PTFE), and/or
stainless steel will be used.
All well screens will be commercially fabricated, slotted or continuously wound, and have an inside
diameter (ID) equal to or greater than the ID of the well casing. An exception may be needed in
the case of continuously wound screens because their supporting rods may reduce the full ID.
Stainless steel screens may be used with PVC or PTFE well casing. No fitting will restrict the ID
of the joined casing and/or screen. All screens, casings, and fittings will be new. Screens will have
the largest open area per unit length that is practical for the adjacent aquifer and available filter.

Couplings within the casing and between the casing and screen will be compatibly threaded.
Thermal or solvent welded couplings on plastic pipe will not be used. This also applies to
threaded or slip-joint couplings thermally welded to the casing by the manufacturer or in the
field.

Each cap will be constructed to preclude binding to the well casing due to tightness of fit,
unclean surface, or frost, and secure enough to preclude debris and insects from entering the
well. Caps and risers may be threaded; however, sufficient annular space will be allowed
between the well and protective casing to enable one to thaw any frosted shut caps. Preferably,
unfiltered vents will not be placed in these caps or in the well riser/stickup. Unfiltered vents may
compromise water sample integrity by allowing foreign materials to enter the well between
sampling events. Caps will be loose enough to allow equilibration between hydrostatic and
TETRA TECH, INC.
Standard Operating Procedure
Revision Date: 4/21/2023
Created by: Anthony Camacho
Project name: Recycled Earth
Page 6 of 12
atmospheric pressures or have filtered vents. Special cap (and riser) designs will be provided for
wells in floodplains and those instances where the top of the well may be below grade, e.g., in
roadways and parking lots.

The use of well centralizers will be considered for wells deeper than 20 ft. When used, they will
be of PVC, PTFE, or stainless steel and attached to the casing at regular intervals by means of
stainless steel fasteners or strapping. Centralizers will not be attached to the well screen or to
that part of the well casing exposed to the granular filter or bentonite seal. Centralizers will be
oriented to allow for the unrestricted passage of the tremie pipe(s) used for filter pack and grout
placement.

2.3.2 Filter Pack
All granular filters will be approved prior to drilling and will be discussed in the work plans.
Discussions will include composition, source, placement, and gradation. If the actual gradation is
to be determined during drilling, then more than one filter pack gradation will be on hand so that
well installation will not be unnecessarily delayed.
Granular filter packs will be visually free of material that would pass through a No. 200 (75-
micrometer (µm)) sieve, inert, siliceous, composed of rounded grains, and of appropriate size for
the well screen and host environment. The filter material will be packaged in bags by the
supplier and therein delivered to the site.

2.3.2 Bentonite Seal
Bentonite is the only material that is allowed for sealing or as drilling mud under normal
circumstances. This includes any form of bentonite (powders, granules, or pellets) intended for
drilling mud, grout, seals, etc. Chips or pellets of an appropriate size depending on the annular
space available will be used to form the well seal. If chips are used, they should be sieved to
remove fine-grained material. Organic additives will not be used in drilling mud. An exception
might be made for some high yield bentonites, to which the manufacturer has added a small
quantity of polymer. The use of any bentonite will be discussed in the work plans. Bentonite will
TETRA TECH, INC.
Standard Operating Procedure
Revision Date: 4/21/2023
Created by: Anthony Camacho
Project name: Recycled Earth
Page 7 of 12
only be used if absolutely necessary to ensure that the borehole will not collapse or to improve
cuttings removal.

2.3.3 Grout
Grout, when used in monitor well construction or borehole/well abandonment, will be composed
of Portland cement, bentonite (0-10% dry bentonite per 94-lb sack of dry cement), and a maximum
6 to 7 gallons of approved water per sack of cement. The amount of water per sack of cement
required for a pumpable mix will vary with the amount of bentonite used. The amount of water
used will be kept to a minimum. Neither additives nor borehole cuttings will be mixed with the
grout. All grout materials will be combined in an aboveground rigid container or mixer, and
mechanically (not manually) blended on-site to produce a thick, lump-free mixture throughout the
mixing vessel. The mixed grout will be recirculated through the grout pump prior to placement.
Grout will be placed using a grout pump and pipe/tremie. The grout pipe will be of rigid
construction for vertical control of pipe placement. Drill rods, rigid PVC, or metal pipes are
suggested stock for tremie pipes. If hoses or flexible plastics must be used, they may have to be
fitted with a length of steel pipe at the downhole end to keep the flexible material from curling and
embedding itself into the borehole wall. This is especially true in cold weather when the coiled
material resists straightening. Grout pipes will have side discharge. The side discharge will help
to maintain the integrity of the underlying material (especially the bentonite seal).
2.4 Water Source
To the extent practical, the use of drilling water will be held to a minimum. When water usage is
deemed necessary, the source of any water used in drilling, grouting, sealing, filter placement,
well installation, well decommissioning/abandonment, equipment washing, etc. will be approved
prior to arrival of the drilling equipment on-site and specified in the work plans. If a suitable
source exists on-site, that source will be used. The drilling subcontractor will have the
responsibility to procure, transport, and store the water required for project needs in a manner to
avoid the chemical contamination or degradation of the water once obtained. The drilling
subcontractor will also be responsible for any heating, thermal insulation, or agitation of the
water to maintain the water as a fluid for its intended uses.
TETRA TECH, INC.
Standard Operating Procedure
Revision Date: 4/21/2023
Created by: Anthony Camacho
Project name: Recycled Earth
Page 8 of 12
2.5 Delivery, storage, and handling of materials
Materials will be delivered to the site and stored in a secure area. Subcontractors are generally
responsible for scheduling delivery and ordering those supplies pertaining to the installation of
wells. An inventory will be kept to track the materials. Perishable materials will be covered with
tarps and secured to prevent water damage. All materials will be handled in a safe manner and
in accordance with health and safety protocols
3. WELL INSTALLATION
3.1 Preparation
Every morning before entering the field, the field team and drilling subcontractor will meet to
discuss the location and construction criteria for the day’s activities. The field geologist will also
ensure that the drilling subcontractor obtains all necessary supplies for the day’s work (e.g.,
bentonite, Portland cement, and screen and riser), and has decontaminated all equipment and
manmade construction materials to be used downhole (e.g., PVC or stainless-steel screen and
riser). All available areal data (e.g., borehole logs) should be reviewed to determine expected
formation depths prior to the day’s drilling.

3.2 Documentation
During any activities pertaining to well construction, abandonment, or development, the field
geologist will note in the GEOLIS logbook the following information:
Length of time required to perform all drill rig activities (e.g., overdrilling, well construction,
abandonment/grouting, development times, and pumping rates).
All well construction/abandonment supplies used (e.g., bentonite, Portland cement, filter sand,
and screen/riser footage).
Any difficulties in well construction, development, or abandonment. This information may be
used to substantiate a change of scope or explain anomalous sampling data.
Exact measurements (using a tape measure) of screen, end cap trap, and riser lengths.
A completed well construction diagram.

TETRA TECH, INC.
Standard Operating Procedure
Revision Date: 4/21/2023
Created by: Anthony Camacho
Project name: Recycled Earth
Page 9 of 12
4. WELL COMPLETION
4.1 Background
Elements of well protection are intended to protect the monitoring well from physical damage, to
prevent erosion and/or ponding in the immediate vicinity of the monitoring well, and to enhance
the validity of the water samples. The potential for physical damage is lessened by the
installation of padlocked, protective iron/steel casing over the monitor well and iron/steel posts
around the well (when needed for protection). The casing and posts will be new. The protective
casing diameter or minimum dimension will be 2 in. greater than the nominal diameter of the
monitor well, and the nominal length will be 5 ft. The concrete/cement filled posts will be at least
3 in. in diameter and the top modified to preclude the entry of water. Nominal length of the posts
will be 6 ft. Special circumstances necessitating different materials will be addressed in the work
plan. Erosion and/or ponding in the immediate vicinity of the monitoring well may be prevented
by assuring that the ground surface slopes away from the monitor well protective casing by the
installation of a 2-ft by 2-ft coarse gravel blanket around the well. Wells will contain a locking
cover on the protective casing. The cover will be hinged or telescoped, but not threaded. All
locks on these covers should be opened by a single key, if possible.

4.2 Aboveground well completion
Aboveground wells will be completed as follows:
Extend the well casing 2 to 3 feet above ground surface.
Provide an end plug or casing cap for each well. Use a filtered vented cap or drill a small (0.125-
inch) hole into the PVC riser just below the PVC cap or into the PVC cap to allow air circulation
in the well.
Shield the extended well casing with a carbon steel protective casing that is set over the well
casing and cap and extends to a depth of 3 ft bgs.
Grout the annular space between the borehole and the protective casing with cement/bentonite
grout to a depth of 4 ft bgs.

TETRA TECH, INC.
Standard Operating Procedure
Revision Date: 4/21/2023
Created by: Anthony Camacho
Project name: Recycled Earth
Page 10 of 12
Fill the annular space between the well casing and the protective casing with pure sodium
bentonite slurry to protect the well casing from frost heave.
Construct a 2- by 2-foot by 4-inch coarse gravel blanket at the surface, sloped away from the
protective casing.
Drill a small diameter hole (0.25- to 0.375-inch) in the protective casing (weep hole) near the top
of the cement pad to allow for drainage and mark a survey location on the inner casing (mark
with an indelible marker or cut a small notch in the PVC on the side toward the hinge).
Install a lockable cap or lid on the protective casing.
Mark the well number clearly on the protective casing cap using impact lettering.
Install three 3-inch-diameter, concrete-filled steel guard posts, if directed to do so by the on-site
geologist.
The guard posts will be 6 feet in total length and installed radially from each well head.
Recess the guard posts approximately 2 feet into the ground outside of the cement pad and set
in concrete approximately 3 to 5 feet from the protective casing.
Fill each guard post with concrete.
All wells will be secured as soon as possible after drilling. Corrosion-resistant locks will be used
for both flush and aboveground well assemblies. The locks must have extended shanks.

4.3 Flush-mounted well completion
Groundwater monitoring wells will be completed aboveground at most locations. Where well
stickup is of concern, the well will be completed as a flush mount, level with the ground surface.
Flush-mounted wells will be completed as follows:
Cut the casing 2 to 3 in. bgs and install a protective locking lid consisting of a cast iron valve box
assembly or manhole cover.
Center the lid assembly in a 3-foot-diameter concrete pad sloped away from the valve box.
Provide a cap with a filtered vent for equilibrium and to prevent infiltration of surface water.
Maintain a minimum of 1 foot of clearance between the casing top and the bottom of the valve
box. Clearly mark the well number on the valve box lid and well casing using an impact-labeling
method, and mark a surveying point on the inner casing.
TETRA TECH, INC.
Standard Operating Procedure
Revision Date: 4/21/2023
Created by: Anthony Camacho
Project name: Recycled Earth
Page 11 of 12

5. MAINTENCE
Wells need to be examined periodically (normally during sampling) to determine if they have
been damaged, vandalized, or otherwise compromised, and to check for evidence of
disintegration such as cracked casing, pads, or surface seals, and to check the security of the
well (locked cap).
TETRA TECH, INC.
Standard Operating Procedure
Revision Date: 4/21/2023
Created by: Anthony Camacho
Project name: Recycled Earth
Page 12 of 12