DRC-2001-001122 - 0901a06880adeb92

INrrnNeuoNAL
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ConponeuoN
Independence Plaza, Suite 950 . 1050 Seventeenth Street o Denver, CO 80265 . 303 628 7798 (main) . 303 389 aL25 (fu<)
March 16,2001
VIA SECOND-DAY EXPRESS
Mr. William J. Sinclaiq Director
Division of Radiation Control
Utah Department of Environmental Quality
168 North 1950 West
Salt Lake City, UT 84114
Dear Bill:
You had requested that we send you copies of the filings that were served in the case before the
NRC's Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel ('ASLBP"), regarding Sarah Fields' request
for a hearing on IUSA's license amendment application for the Heritage material.
Enclosed are both Sarah Fields' and IUSA's filings, as well as notices and orders filed by the
ASLBP.
If I may provide any further informatioq please let me know. As always, I can be reached at
(303) 38e4130.
Vice President and General Counsel
DCF:smc
Enclosures
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IN THE MATTER OF:
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA)
CORPORATION
(Source Material License Amendment,
License No. SUA-1358)
I{AR 1 6 RECII
Docket No. 40-868 I -MLA-8
ASLBP NO. OO-782-08-MLA
March 15,2001
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD PANEL
Before the Commission
)
)
)
APPEAL OF PRESIDING OFFICER'S FEBRUARY 28. 2001. MEMORANDUM
AND ORDER DENYING IN ITS ENTIRETY PETITIONER'S
AUGUST 9. 2OOO. HEARING REOUEST. AS SUPPLEMENTED
This timely appeal to the collegial United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission
("NRC"), itself, is submitted pursuant 10 C.F.R. 2.1205(o), as instructed by Presiding
Officer's February 28 decision ("Memorandum and Order").
See Memorandum and Order (Denying Hearing Request) (February 28,2001).
(All NRC records cited herein are to be found on Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8, ASLBP
No. 00-782-08-MLA, pursuant 10 C.F.R. 2.1203(a), found in l0 C.F.R.Part2, Subpart L
(Informal Hearing Procedures for Adjudications in Materials and Operator Licensing
Proceedings).
The question before the Commission is whether or not petitioner's August 9
Hearing Request, as supplemented, should have been granted in whole or in part.
See Hearing Request (August 9, 2000); Letter to Presiding Officer (September 11,
2000); Transcribed conference call between the participants ("Transcript") (September
14,2000); Motion for Leave to File Out-of-Time (October 10, 2000); First Supplement to
Petitioner's August 9,2000, Request for Hearing ("First Supplement") (October 18,
2000); Request to Reply to International Uranium (USA) Corporation's ("IUSA's")
Response to a Request for Information (November 22,2000); Petitioner's Request that
the Presiding Officer Reconsider November 24,2000, Order (Denying Petitioner's
Requests to File Additional Materials) ("Petitioner's Request") (December 5, 2000);
Second Supplement to Petitioner's August 9,2000, Request for Hearing ("Second
Supplement") (December 5, 2000; Third Supplement to Petitioner's August 9,2000,
Request for Hearing ("Third Supplement') (February 2,2001); and Fourth Supplement to
Petitioner's August 9,2000, Request for Hearing ("Fourth Supplement") (February 20,
2001).
I. INTRODUCTION
On July 5,2000, International Uranium (USA) Corporation ("IUSA") submitted a
license amendment application ("Amendment Request") requesting that the NRC staff
amend Source Material License SUA-1358.
See Amendment Request to Process an Alternate Feed material from Heritage
Minerals, Inc., at White Mesa Mill (July 5, 2000).
On July 17,2000, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission ("NRC") published a
Federal Register Notice ("FRN") of the receipt of the July 5 Amendment Request and
provided an opportunity for a hearing about the July 5 as extent on July 17,2000.
See 65 Fed. Reg. 44078-44079 (July 17,2000).
On August 9,2000, petitioner timely requested a hearing in response to the July
17 FRN.
From August 9 to February 28 various submittals, including several timely
supplements to petitioner's August 9 Hearing Request, and responses thereto, accrued to
the record ofthe present proceeding.
On February 28,2001, the Presiding Officer issued a Memorandum and Order
(appealed herein) that denied in its entirety petitioner's August Hearing Request, as
supplemented in September, October, December, January, and February.
II. BELOW PETITIONER WILL SHOW
Petitioner will show that, although the NRC generally defers to the Presiding
Officer's determinations regarding standing, absent an error of law or an abuse of
discretion; the Commission should not defer to the Presiding Officer's February 28,2001,
Memorandum and Order. The NRC would, in doing so, unreasonably compound error of
fact and law revealed within the February 28 Presiding Officer's Memorandum and Order
where the Commission would affirm the conclusions reached and relied upon by that
February 28 decision about petitioner's standing to proceed.
Below petitioner will address the more egregious errors of fact and law exhibited
by that February Memorandum and Order. The petitioner will show that such errors
resulted from the Presiding Officer's unreasonable interpretation of an unsound, and thus
misleading, record.
Such errors of fact and law that are exhibited in the Presiding Officer's
Memorandum and Order were, more often than not, first exhibited in the Transcript of the
September 14,2000, conference call, cited above. Moreover, the same effors that are
revealed in that September Transcript, notwithstanding sound, probative information to
the contrary that accrued to the record of the proceeding between the September
conference call and the February decision, showed up later in the Memorandum and
Order. Unfortunately, there has been an untoward persistence of error of fact or law,
resulting in an unsound record despite petitioner's due dilligence.
Below, petitioner will first go to the February Memorandum and Order and bring
forward error of fact and law contained in that Order. Petitioner will then go to the
record ofthe current proceeding and lay out pertinent corrections revealed by that record
that appear to have been unnoticed or disregarded by the Presiding Officer. l0 C.F.R.
2.).209 entitled "Power of the presiding officer," found within Part2, Subpart L, would
lead one to expect that the Presiding Officer has the ultimate responsibility to acquire_and
maintain a sound record upon which that person could rely in making a standing
determination pursuant 10 C.F.R.2.1205(e) and (h).
II. ERROR OF FACT AND LAW CONTAINED IN THE MEMORANDUM
AND ORDER
A. On page 1, the Memorandum and Order states:
IUSA seeks to amend NRC Source Material License SUA-1358 to
allow it to receive and process at its White Mesa Uranium Mill near
Blanding, Utah, up to 2000 cubic yards of alternative feed material from
the Heritage Minerals Site in Lakehurst, New Jersey.
The Presiding Officer fails to indicate here that IUSA sought to amend Source
Material License SUA-1358 to transport, receive, process, and dispose of thoriated
monazite source material. Moreover, the Presiding Officer fails to indicate that the
thoriated monazite source material contains source material thorium-232 and that
radiotoxic isotope's progeny and that the July 5 Amendment Request sought permission
to transport, receive, process, and, after processing that source material thorium-232 and
progeny, directly dispose of such thorium materials as waste or " I 1e.(2) byproduct
material" (42 U.S.C. Sec. 2014e.(2).) into the White Mesa Uranium Mill tailings
impoundment. The Presiding Officer fails to indicate that such source material thorium-
232, although also processed, would not be recovered, and thus, not recycled as a result
of the processing of such source material.
See, for example, Amendment Request, pages 1,7,8.
The Presiding Officer's statement that IUSA seeks an amendment to allow it to
receive and process "alternative feed material" completely disregards the fact that such
material is, for the most part, source material thorium-232 and progeny and such thorium
material is not authorized to be possessed at the White Mesa Mill as either source
material, or " I 1e.(2) byproduct material," in any chemical form at any one time.
License Conditions 6,7 and 8 of License No. SUA-I358, dated December 29,
2007, states that the "Maximum Amount that Licensee May Possess at Any One Time
Under This License" is "Unlimited" amounts of the "Byproduct [and/or] source . . .
material" "Natural lJranium," in "Any" "Chemical and/or physical form." It should be
noted that License Conditions 6,'/, and 8 do not authorize IUSA to possess at any one
time, in any chemical and/or physical form, under the December 29 License, thorium-232
and progeny.
License Condition10.l6 states, in pertinent part, that "the licensee is authorizedto
receive and process source material from the Heritage Minerals Incorporated site, in
accordance with statements, representations, and commitments contained in the
amendment request dated July 5, 2000, and as supplemented by submittals November 16,
2000, and December 18, 2000."
License Conditions 6,7, and 8 of IUSA's License No. SUA-1358, as it stands as
of December 29,2001, plainly indicates that IUSA is not authorized to possess any
amount of "source material" thorium-232 and progeny, "at any one time," in any
chemical or physical form. As shown above the July 5 application's proposal, if allowed
by the NRC staff to be implemented, notwithstanding the statements, representations, and
commitments contained in such request would result in a confused, perhaps even
contradictory, implementation of the controlling statute and implementation of such by
the NRC. Such regulatory capricious inconsistency would be contrary to law. It is well
founded that Conditions 6, 7, and 8 must be interpreted as health and safety criteria.
It should be noted that SUA-1358, issued December 29,2000, states, in pertinent
part that "pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, the Energy
Reorganization Act of 1974. . . and Title 10, Code of Federal Regulations . . . a license is
hereby issued authorizing the licensee to . . . possess . . . byproduct, [and] source
lmateriall deSienatgd b914try..." Andthat, "thislicense... issubjectto... any
conditions specified below." [Emphasis added.]
As it happens License Conditions 6, '7 , and 8 and License Condition I 0.16 are
found below such notice contained in SUA-1348 and do not so much as mention
"alternative feed material" or thorium-232 (natural or otherwise).
Condition 10.16 plainly only authorizes IUSA to possess "source material," and
Conditions 6,7 , and 8 only allow IUSA to possess at "Any One Time," "In any
Chemicaland/or Physical Form," "Unlimited" amounts of "Natural Uranium -
Byproduct [and] Source Material." A July 5 Amendment Request licensing action
notwithstanding.
See Amendment l8 to Materials License SUA-1358 - Approval to Receive and
Process Alternative Feed Material from the Heritage Minerals Site at the White Mesa
Uranium Mill (December 29,2000).
B. 1. On pageZ,the Memorandum and Order states:
The material at issue is "monazite sand" that has already been
processed by Heritage Minerals, Inc. to remove heavy minerals (primarily
titnaium mineral ilmenite), but which still contains uranium and thorium.
As has been indicated above (page 5), IUSA sought to amend Source Material
License SUA-1358 to transport, receive, process, and dispose of throriated monazite
source material which has been shown by the petitioner in the First Supplement to be the
"monazite sand" referred to in the quote above. That quote claims that such thorium-232
and progeny, as discussed above "has already been processed by Heritage Minerals, Inc."
to remove various commercial minerals. The Presiding Officer does not indicate that
such source material resulted from the concentration of the contained thorium-232 and
progeny at the Heritage Minerals, Inc. ("HMI") site in Lakehurst, New Jersey, NRC
Source Material License SMB-1541, Docket No. 40-8980. It should re-emphasized here
that the source material thorium content of the HMI thoriated monazite material does not
occur as a decay product of uranium; it occurs as thorium-232 (aparent isotope) and that
parent isotope's progeny. The source material thorium-232 and progeny contained in the
concentrate is in fact, the source material possessed by HMI that resulted in requirement
that the pile of "monazite sand" be regulated by the NRC.
License Conditions 6,7 , and 8 of HMI's License No. SMB- 1 541 states that the
"Maximum amount that licensee may possess at any one time under this license" is
"15, 000 kilograms of the "Byproduct [and/or] source . . . material" "Natural Thorium,"
in the "Chemical and/or physical form" of "Monazite," and that the "Maximum amount
that licensee may possess at any one time under this license" is "300 kilograms" of the
"Byproduct [and/or] source . . . material" "Natural lJranium," in the "Chemical and/or
physical form" of "Monazite,"
Petitioner has stated that the requirements of l0 C.F.R. 40.51 would not be met
by the issuance of the proposed license amendment. 10 C.F.R. 40.51 states, in pertinent
part:
(a) No licensee shall transfer source or byproduct material except as
authorized pursuant to this section.
(c) Before transferring source . . . material to a specific licensee of the
Commission . . . the licensee transferring the material shall veriff that the
transferee's license authorized receipt of the type, form, and quantity of
source or byproduct material to be transferred. [Emphasis added.]
As shown above tk, it is doubtful that IUSA's License No. SUA-1358 authorizes
the receipt of the type, form, and quantity of the source material thorium-232 and
progeny proposed to be transferred from the HMI site in New Jersey to the White Mesa
Mill. This being so because any quantities in whatever chemical and/or physical form
would exceed the health and safety limit imposed by Conditions 6,7, and 8 of the subject
license regardless of Condition 10.16 discussed above. Any receipt of such source
material thorium would not be in conformance with 10 C.F.R. 40.51 . License No. SUA-
1358 and License No. SMB-1547 are incompatible as they stand, notwithstanding any
amendments proposed in the July 5 Amendment Request, as supplemented.
Apparently NRC staff has not suggested that IUSA amend Conditions 6,7 , and 8
of their license allowing more compatibility with Conditions 6, 7, artd 8 of the HMI
license. Such a compatibility is explicitly required by 10 C.F.R.40.51.
See First Supplement, pages 34-35-
C. On page l, of the Memorandum and Order states:
l0
All waste from the processing of material at the mill falls within the
definition of " 1 1e(2) byproduct material" under section lle(2) of the
Atomic Energy Act. [Footnote omitted.]
Most of the source material content of the HMI material would not be removed at
the White Mesa Mill. Petitioner documented that IUSA intends to remove approximately
8% of the source material content of the HMI material (the uranium-238) and directly
dispose of the remaining 92%o of the source material content (the thorium -232) in the
tailings impoundment.
See First Supplement, page 40.
Such a scenario does not constitute "processing . . . for its source material
content," and, thus, the byproduct waste generated would not meet the Atomic Energy
Act definition of " I 1e.(2) byproduct material." The Atomic Energy Act, Section I le.(2)
(42U9C2014), states:
The term "byproduct material" means . . .(2) the tailings or wastes
produced by the extraction or concentration ofuranium or thorium from
any ore processed primarily for its source material content.
Put another way, the activities proposed by the July 5 application do not constitute
processing the so called "alternative feed material" for its source material throium-232
content and thus, with respect that source material recovery potential do not constitute
recycling. Further such a proposed activity would not generate byproduct or waste which
could be disposed of as " 11,e.(2) byproduct material." It should be noted that the above
statuatory definition of " I 1e.(2) byproduct material" talks about the "extraction or
concentration of' thorium, not the blending (without extraction or concentration) of
11
thorium-232 and progeny with other mill circuit feed material as is proposed by the July
5 application. See First Supplement, pages 39-40.
D. On page 15, the Memorandum and Order states:
Petitioner Fields' first stated area of concern, "that IUSA is not
authorized by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, to receive,
process, or dispose of the HMI materials," is, as conceded by IUSA, "of
course, germane in the sense that that is the reason that IUSA is requesting
the subject license amendmen." However, it is quite general and
unsupported by any specific argument, apart from Petitioner's assertion in
the September 74,2000, telephone conference that the material at issue
herein "is not l le(2) byproduct." This issue, however, has been resolved
by the Commission it its decision in another case involving IUSA and the
"Ashland 2" material listed in Appendix A to this Memorandum and
Order. In an in-depth analysis of the issue, the Commission concluded
that the determinative factor on whether material is 11e(2) byproduct
material is whether the material will in fact be processed to extract
uranium from it. [Emphasis added.] [Footnotes omitted.]
It is patently obvious that " International Uranium Uranium (USA) Corporation,
CLI-00-1, 51 NRC 9 (2000)" does not apply given the proposal brought forward by
IUSA's July 5, Amendment Request discussed herein. We are talking about a different
source material-thorium-232 and progeny. We are not talking about "uranium
material," or uranium progeny. Yes, the Ashland material may have contained thorium-
230. Thorium-230 is a uranium-238 progeny found in the uranium-238 decay series, not
in the thorium-232 decay series.
Such decay series and the progeny contained therein present very different health
and safety concerns.
Direct, willful violation of the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, is prima
facie evidence of the existence of a threshold health and safety concern.
12
In the petitioner's original August 9 request for hearing and throughout the
various timely supplements to that request, petitioner has stated in one context or another
that the requestor is concerned that IUSA is not authorized by the Atomic Energy Act of
1954, as amended, to receive, process, or dispose of the HMI materials that are proposed
to be allowed by the July 5, Amendment Request. See Hearing Request, page 3. Petition
also frequently stated, in the'context of the present proceeding, that the Atomic Energy
Act does not permit thorium-232 and progeny source material to be transported, received,
possessed, processed, and disposed of at the White Mesa Mill given the constraints
imposed by IUSA's license. The petitioner has stated that the HMI is being transported
"is being transported contrary to law" and frequently gone to such a concern in the
context ofthe present proceeding.
For example, see Hearing Request, page 3, and Transcript, page 41.
Additionally, throughout the proceeding and in the instant pleading, petitioner has
provided numerous reasons the activities contemplated by IUSA's July 5 Amendment
Request would be allowed only by way of abrigation of various NRC regulations
implementing the Atomic Energy Act and thus, would be disallowed by applicable law.
The Presiding Officer, as quoted above, has summarily disposed of petitioner's
"first stated area of concern" based upon a determination that that issue has been resolved
by the Commission it its decision in another case, i.e., CLI-00-1, and, therefore, whether
or not the HMI material would be transported, processed and disposed of according to
law is not an issue in this proceeding.
See Memorandum and Order, page 15.
13
Petitioner does not intend to present, and has not previously presented, any
information to the Presiding Officer indicating that the petitioner seeks to retry the issue
decided upon by the Commission in CLI-00-1. The definition of "11e.(2) byproduct
material" is a complex definition and involves other aspects besides one resolved by the
Commission in CLI-00-1.
The Presiding Officer erred in not considering all of petitioner's assertions,
discussed herein, as to why the issuance of the subject Amendment Request would not be
according to the Atomic Energy Act and NRC regulations implementing the AEA, and
thus contrary to law. The Presiding Officer erred by presenting a nalrow, unsubstantiated
determination regarding how the issuance might be contrary to law.
See Memorandum and Order, page 1l
The Presiding Officer erred by making a ruling on petitioner's first area of
concern based upon what the Presiding Officer considers to be the merits of petitioner's
argument.
The United States Supreme Court has stated that "standing in no way depends on
the merits of the plaintiffs contention that particular conduct is illegal."
The Supreme Court fuither stated that "trial and reviewing courts must accept as
true all material allegations of the petition."
See Warth v. Seldin, 422U.5.490,501 (1975).
Moreover, even the NRC Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel has
determined that "it is not necessary to determine the merits of a concern in order to
determine that it is germane
t4
See In the Matter of Hydro Resources, LPB-98-9, 47 NRC 261,280 (1998).
Indeed, failure to comply with the law "invokes a public interest of the highest
order: the interest in having government officials act in accordance with law." Further,
violations of environmental laws and regulations alone constitutes irreparable harm to the
public.
See Seattle Audobon society v. Evans, 771 F.Supp. 1081, 1096, (W.D. Wash.
1991).
The Presiding Officer erred in not giving any consideration to the fact that
petitioner has alleged and provided reasoning, some detailed, some not so detailed, as to
how the authorization of the subject Amendment Request would be contrary to the
Atomic Energy Act and NRC regulations implementing that statute. The Presiding
Officer erred in failing to recognize that failure of the NRC to properly implement the
relevant laws and regulations regarding the receipt, possession, processing and disposal
of the HMI material at the White Mesa Mill is inimical to petitioner's interest. The
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board has stated that "if [an] intervenor can show that there
is a law preventing a particular material from being stored pursuant to the amendment,
then there may also be a presumption of injury sufficient to establish standing."
See In the Matter of Energy Fuels Nuclear. Inc. (White Mesa Mill), LPB 97-10,
45 NRC 429,431 (1997).
IV.COMMISSION REVIEW
The Commission should review the Presiding Officer's February 28,2007,
Memorandum and Order (Denying Hearing Request) because of the numerous factual
and legal effors of the Presiding Officer, as exemplified above. The Presiding Officer's
February 28 Memorandum and Order was unreasoned and unsubstantiated.
The Presiding Officer made precipitous and unsubstantiated judgements, in the
context of a standing determination, as to the merits of petitioner's reasonable concerns
regarding the legal, regulatory, health, safety, and environmental issues involved in the
transportation of thoriated monazite material through Moab, Utah.
If effect, the Presiding Officer ruled on substantive issues that the petitioner
brought forward her Hearing Request, as supplemented. And in doing so, disregarded the
'Judicial standards for standing," as announced by Warth v. Seldin, cited above.
See l0 C.F.R. 2.1205(h).
As shown above, the Pr3esiding Offrcer's denial of petitioner's Hearing Request
and, particularly, the determination that petitioner's "First Concern" was not germane to
the proceeding and that the petitioner should not be granted standing to proceed flew in
the face of the most disingenuous reading of 'Judicial standards for standing," even as
exhibited by the examplar judicial determinations cited above.
Petitioner would respectfully request that the collegial Commission, itself, take a
hard look at the Memorandum and Order of February 28 andthe announced legal and
factual basis thereto and, particularly, the September 14 Transcript, cited above. And
where the Commission determines that the Presiding Officer acted unreasonably ,
overturn such Memorandum and Order, and/or grant what remedy that the Commission
deems to be appropriate.
Respectfully submitted,
Sarah M. Fields
Dated at Moab, Utah
March 15,2001
/S",n1 By: Shaw Pittman Potts Trowbnidge i 2O2 663 8924;
ln the Matter of
TNTERNATTONAL URANI UM (USA)
CORPORATION
(Source Material License Amendment)
Feb-28-01 5:5/l',M;
Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8
!
ASLBP Np. 0&782-08-Ml-A
,:
February 28, 2001
r
LBP-01-08
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA|
NUCLEAR REG UISTORY COMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFEW AND LICENSING BOARD PANEL
Before Administretive Judges: ,
Ann Marehall Young. Preoiding 0tri6st
Charles N. Kelber, Special Aisistant
MEMORANDUM AND ORffiR .
I
ThiE 10 C.F.R. Parl2, Subpart L matter conoems prc se Petitioner Sarah M. FiElds'
request for a hearing challenging a Bource materiat licenae amerldment applicatron of
;
lnternetional Uranium (USA) Corporation (IUSA). IUSA seeks to emend NRC Source Materiel
License SUA-1358 to allow it to receive and procees at ite VWrite,Mesa Uranium Mill near
,
Blanding, Utah, up to 2000 cubic yards of eltemetive feed materielfrom the Heritage Minarals
:
Site in Lakehurst, New Jersey. The mill is regulated by the NRG pursuant to the Atomic
.t
Energy Act of 1954, es amended; the Uranium MillTailinge Radiation ControlAc{ of 1978
(UMTRCA), as arnendod; and related NRC regulatlona eet forth et 10 C.F.R. Part 40. Altwaste
',.:
from lhe proeessing of material al the mill falls within the defrrition of '11e(2) byprodud
rnaterial' under eection 11e(2) of tho Atomic Energy Ac{.! ,
''42 U.S.C. $ 201a(e)(2). ('The term'byproducl material' tneans . . . the tailinge or
wastes producod by the extrection or concantration of uranium s thorium lrom any ore
proceaaed primarily for its source material content.') ,
l/Selt By: Shaw Prttman Potts Tnowbnldge; 2a2 663 Hg24;
..
theD-28-U1 5:5/PM;
-2-
i
petitioner Fields lives and works in Moab, Utah, within one block of Utah State Highway
1gl, over which the materiat at issue in this proceeding is propowd to be transported to the mill':
by truck, afler having been shipped to a transfer point by raiL Ths msteriel at issue ls
'monazite 3and" that has already been processed by Heritage Minerals, lnc., to rBmove heavy
minerala (prirnarily titanium mineralitmenite), but which still contfl'ins uranium and thorium.
:
IUSA oppoaee Petitioner Fielde' hearing requeEt) aasertirg among olherihings that the
':
petitioner haa not. either in her original request or in a late-filed eupplement. establiehed
etanding by showing any concrete and particularlzed injury, or dsrnonstrated any Goncerns that
are germane to the proposed license amendment. .
,l
Although the petitioner filed a timely roquott for hearing end has presented one area of
concern germane to the subject matter of this proceeding, t condude that ehe hae not
estabtished atanding to lntervene aB a party ln thls case under relevant law. Therefore, for the
':
reeaeng stated below, Petitioner Fields'request for hearing is dehied and this proceeding is
terminated
II. BACKGROUND , i
.:
The IUSA applicetion to amsnd that is at issue in this,cess wes announced in a July
2OOO Federat Register notice.2 Pursuant to the Notics of Hearing set forth therein, Petitioner
:
Fields liled her Hearing Request on August 9, 2000. IUSA filed its Opposition to the Request
on August 24,20AO. On Auguet 29, 2OOO, the Commission referred the matter to the Atomic
Safety and Liceneing Board Pane!, and on Auguet 31, 2OOO, lhe Chief Administrative Judge
i
appointed the undersigned as Preeiding Offrcer. Judge Chailee N. Kelber waa appointed to
'65 Fed. Reg. 44,078 (Juty 17, 2000).
ISelt By: Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnldge; 202 663 8924;FeD-28-U'l 5:5/l'M;rage 4
-3-
sarve ae Special Aesistant in the caee. By letter dated Septembgr 7, 2000, couneelfor the
NRC Staff indicatad that the Staff did not plan to participate ae a:party in this matter.3
:
On September 14, 2000, a telephone oonference waa held, during which the procedural
:
status and subslantive aspects of lhe ceee were reviewed, including in partlculer a discussion
of the issue of standing, and Petitioner Fields was given the oppqrtunity to ask any questions
:
about the proceedinga.' Thereafter, the Petltloner was permltted,to file a supplemontal petitlon,
and varioue documents have been frled by both parties, some timely, some not; some with end
:
aorne without epecific permission to file; and one at the roqueet of ihe Praaiding Ofticer, afler
the Petitioner filed her "First Supplernent to Petitioner's AugtJst 9; 2O(X), Request for Hearing'
,i
(First Supplement).6 Even though this First Supplement wes not,timely filed, becauae of the
.l
unueual nature of eome information provided with itr further inqulry was deemed appropriale
"See 10 C.F.R. S 2.1213.
.See Transcript at 7-8 (Sept. 14, 2OOO). A requast by tha:petilioner to hold thie
conference in Utah had previously been denied at not being:neceesary or appropriate, but in
the ilterest of openness, any other peraons who so wished were,permitted to be preeent by
telephone for the purpoae of obeerving/listening to the proceedir[s, Pursuqn! to this
arreng6mont, in eddition to the petitioner and representativeg of fUSA, Mr. John Derke wes
present by telephone and was pcrmlttcd to mske e limited appeirance statemeni during the
conference- See id- a145,53-55; 10 C.F.R. S 2.1211(a). :
sFiret $upplement to Petltiono/s August 9, 2000, Requeal for Hoaring (Ocl. 18, 2000)
6ln addition to various information sbout the radiological activity of thorium and of
monazite Bands, the supplement contained aa an attachmant a ciopy of a Septernber 27,1994,
letter to the NRC from Attomey Anthony J. Thompson, currently counselfor IUSA, then counsel
for Heritage MineralE, lnc., refering among other thingS to the "tiilacceptable eltemativen of the
NRC requiring Heritage to dispose of what is apparontly tha aama metariel at issus in this
matter ii a tacitity "inlhe Weatem United States,' which woudd irwolve traneportation that would
'entail increased risk of human exposure to the monazite, as wcfl eB an increaeed risk of
accidents and spillage.' See Petitioner's Firat Suppl€tnent, Exh.:G at unnumbered page 2' ln a
footnote to its November 13, 2000, Responee to the Fresidi4g Office/s Requeat for lnformation
see Preeiding Officer's Order (Roquesting lnformetion and PCrmltting Responsc to Petitionefs
October 18, ,0O0, Filing) (Oct. 26, 2OO0) (unpubliched), IUSA erplains Attonrey Thompsort's
1990 statement by observing thet'trucking the monazite eand over great distan*.,331?;1.red...)
ient By: Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnidgel 202 663 8924;l-eb-28-01 5:5ui'M,rage D
4-
notwithstanding its lateness, on the iasue, raised by {he Potitloner, whether the monazite sand
materlal pre3entod a uniqus new Bort of radiologicel threet of harm.7 As a reeult, on November
13, 2000, IUSA filed the requested information, which is discugsdd in some detail below' since
t:
that time, addiiionaldocuments have been submitted by both parties, the final onGs being filed
':
February 20, 2001, pursuant to an Order issued February O, 2001, permitting and setting
deadtines for linalfilings on the iseua of the Petitione/c standing:!
\Mrile in no way condoning the tate filing of any documonb, it has been recognized in
this procaeding thet, becauee the Patitioner is acting pro se, isherhas not alwaye been expec'led
:
to rneet the same high standerds to which the Cornmiseion
-holde
entitie8 repre8ented by
t..
lawyers.e lt is also noted thst both the Petitioner End IUSA heve,been permitted some leeway.
:
in order that the record with regard to standing could be ag complete aE poscible. ln all events,
c(...continued) | ..
Bome ria-k ae compaied to on-eite diapoeal [which Attomey Thor4pson wae discussing in the
1gg0 lettert, but not in relation to truckirp eimilar radiologicalf aqtive mteriala or such
materiale ae gaaoline or any other potenilally hazardoue eubttanCe. . . . The fact that everyday
aAivitieJ pos! munipE risd to eech of us does not irnpart to:eadr of us standinglo.challenge
e"ift of these activiiies. lf an individual's general disteste fot an ectivity were sufftcient to
confer sta6ing to challenge the aetivity, commercs rapldly would grind]ga halt.' See
tntemational Uranium (USl) Corporation'e Reaponse to lhe Preeiding Offtcer's Ociober 26,
2000 Requeet for lnformation (Nov. 13, 2OOO), at 5€' n. 8.
.
TSee First Supplement at 4446-
rThese documente inctude the Petitioner's Se@nd, Third,ind Fourth Supplements, filed
respectively on December 5. 2000. February 2 and 20, 2001; Peiilioner's Request that the
preaiding Otror Reconeider Novernber 24,zCff,., Order (Denyirlg Petitione/s Rcquests to Flle
Additionel Matoriala), filed with her Seoond Supplement on Docalnber 5, 2000: IUSA8
Opposition to Saralr M. Flelde' Requeet for Reconaideration,:liled January 0_, ?001, elong with
iti iiwn attached afiictavit anO exni6its; and IUSA'e Opposition toisarah M. Fields'Third
Suppt"*ent to Request for Hearing, filed February Zb, ZOOI, Ttp November 24, 2000,
ir*iOing Officer's'diO.r (DCnying"iaitioner'e Requesta to File Aooilional.Materials)
(unpubliihed) recounts in goml oLtailthe proceduralhietw,and.eorne tlth: unlquc
circumstancss of thc case up to that point. See arso Presldlng Ofiicer's Order (Setting
Deadtines for Flnat Filings on Standlng) (feb. 6, 2001) (unpublished).
esee yank ee Atomic Electric Company (Yankee Nuclear Porler Station), CLI-98-21, 48
NRC 185,201 (1998)
ient By: Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnidge; 2OZ 663 8924;Feb - 28 - 01 5:58PM;Page 6
-5-
,
the information in all the documents frled by both partlcipanta in itrie case having been read and
:,
considered, including that found in all of the Petitioner's filings, and none having been found to
contaln lnformation thet would change the result reeched hetoiniro any rulinge on any,.
outstending requests and opposltiorta contained within theee documents ere moot and
.i
unneossaary at this point given the conclueione reached herein, with one excepiion relating to
,:
the Petitioner'B request in her Fourth Supplement for e stey ol lhO licensing action at issue
herein. I
1o Although, ae indicated, all of the filinga have been oonsidered, sorne of the ieeuee and
informatlon presented by the participants may not be Bpecalicelly,,addrsssed in thie
Memorandum and Order, where not deemed relevant or neoossgry to the decieion herein. Wth
specific regard, howover, to some of the matters reis€d by the Pbtitioner - including the
appropriate calculationa of the radiologicalactivity found in the rnonazite sand meterielfrom
various isotopos of thorium and their progeny; the meaning of a referencc in IUSA's chart that
ie attached herato ae Attachmont A. to 'other portione' of the Herttage Minerals malerial; the
totellhorium oontent in the monezite sand material; and how Be$querele per gram (Bq/g)
compsro to picocuries per grem (pCi/g) (all of irfiach urcre relsed,in har December 5, 2000,
Second Supplement) - in the interest of clarity the following obabrvatione are made:
Regarding redioaclivity calculations, es illustraled in the tbxt of this Memorendum and
Order, the 40O0 pCi/g figure provided by tho potitionar in hen Firc-l Supplement was considared
in making cornparisone between lhe rediological activity of the Herltagc Minerelg rnaterial and
other materials transported through Moab and proceesed at thc l/Uhlte Mesa rnill. On the "other
portion'question, baeed upon e reading of the January 9. lgg2, tnemorendum of John D.
Kinneman to John E. Glenn, see Petitioner's First Supplement, Exh. D2, it appeare the
referencos to difierent 'portlone' of the Heritage Minerals materidl norrr at issue may be baeed
on the msterial coneieting of different (possibly now combined) pgrlions of monazite eanda that
vary in thoir radiologlcat activity, whictr when averaged result in drfigure lorer than the 4000
pCi/g figure for all of the materiat in any event. lhe llcsnae afnerdment would not permit
anything othor than that which ls descrlbed in the apdication, nafnely monezlts sands, to b6
Ae to the totel thorium content. it appearc that the figureq provided by IUSA in the chart
at Attachment A may not, accordlng to the affidavit of Douglao Chambers, Ph.D., filed with
IUSA's Opposition to the Petltloner's Request for Reconeidelation (Jan. 9, 2OOl) [hereinafter
Chambers Affidavitt, include ellthe various thorium isotopes contained in thc various materialo,
becauee the figures in the table are based on different dslinitiong:of total uranium and total
thoriurn, see d. at 12-13. ln eny cvent, however, ae indicrled atlove, the highest figures
provided by the petltioner and Dr. Chambere for tha radiologlcal oc{ivity of thc thorium isotopes
contained in the Heritage Minerale materialhavo baon considoretl in making relevant
comparisons, which rninimizee or negates the slgnllicencs o{ang,differing definitione undedying
the calculations ln Appendix A. \,ytth regard to the use of Bequetols per gram, ono plcocurie is
equalto 0.037 Bequerel. a Btandard intemational unlt of radioac{vlty.
Shaw Pittman Potts Trowbnidgel 202 663 8924;Feb-28-01 5:59PM;
-6-
\Mth regard to this request. lt is noted that the license emsndment applied for by IUSA
t'
in thie procoeding was granted by the Staff, as Amendmertt 18 tO Malerial Licenee SUA-1358,
on December 29, 2000.tt The Petitioner had previously, in her ofiglnal request for hearing'
requested thar'any Iicensing acillon be delayed' in this proceeding, but had not pursued this or
t.
provided any grounds for such s deley, until the filing of her February 20, 2C[J1, Fourth
,i
Supplement, in which ahe specifically requests a stay of the llcenaing action under 10 C.F.R.
SS 2.1263 and 2.788. ,
Although tha Petitioner has ehown notable facility with NRC regulations and procedures
given har pm se status, she haa not providad sufficisnt grounds to establlsh that her request for
a stay shoutd be granted, under the requirementg of scctions 2.1263 end 2.788. Addressing
the criterla found al subsec-tion (e) of gection 2.788,1 ffnd that the Petitioner hae failed to make
I
a "strong showing that [ahet ie likely to prevail on the meritg':of this proceedlng; nor has she
:
shown that she would be irreparably injured unlese a etay ie grarlted, or that tho publlc lnterest
woutd tie with the grantlng of a stay. ln addition, lt would obViou6ly harm the interost of the
,:,
Applicant in pursuing lts buslness to grant a stay. Balancing, all 0f theee considerations. it is
concluded that a stay is not appropriate and the earne ie therefole denied.
:
B. Faqtg i .
The whtte Mesa Millin Blandlng, utah, has been operated by IUSA and previous
owners since 1980 under the euthorlty granted in NRC Source Material Licenee SUA-1358,
.
which hae been renewed in 1985 and 1997. The rnillle a uranium recovery fecility: it proceseee
uranium-bearing ore anct other materials called "alternate feed maleriels" to extract uranlum, aB
,"n"Sent
,rSoe 10 C.F.R. g 2,1205(m), which provldee that'[tlhe frling o, granting of a request for
a hearing or petition for l-eave to intervene need nol delay NRC staff action regarding an
applicationforalicensingactioncoveredbythieeubpart.'
ient By: Shaw Prttman Potts Tnowbnidge; 2O2 663 8924;Feb - 28- 01 5:59PM;Page I
'7'
,
well as verradium and other melatg.tz Each time IUSA proposesto proce8s an alternate feed
i
material from a new aource, it must first apply to the NRC for an bmendment to its license for
ihe milt. In the license amendment application now at iEeus, |USA has propoeed to procass the
Heritage Minerala monazite send pile material in a manner eimilar lo its normal processing of
,.
conventional ore, either alone or in combination with other approVeO altemate feed materials.ts
After feed materials are proceeeed, IUSA disposes ol all rtsidual vva8te 'tailinge' in an
,)
NR6-liceneed lined'celt'or impoundment at the mill eile, which currently contain8
':
approximately four million tone of tailinge.tr According to the Fedarul Regr'sler notice for the
license amendment requost, IUSA has proposed that it will be a condition of the license that the
mill shall not accept any of the Heritage Minerets materialst,the aite unless and untilthe mill's
Safety and Environmental Review Panel hae determined that the mill has suflicient licensed
tailings capacity to store all byproduct materialfrom the proceeaihg of ellthe Heritage Minerals
matorial, as well as ellother oreg and eltornate materials on eite, 6nd all other materials
Ii
required to be disposed of in the milt's tailings impoundment,ptrruant to the mill'a reclametion
plan,ls i
'2See November 10, 2000, Affidavit of Ron F. Hochsteln,iat !J 3, atlached to lnternstional
Uranium (USA) Gorporation's ReBponee to the Preaidi,ng Officor's October 26, 2000 Requeet
for lnformation (Nov. 13, 2000) lhereinafter Hochetein Affidavitl.:
lsSee 65 Fed. Reg. 44,078 (July 17, 2OO0)- .
'oSee Hochatein Affidavit at n 3. I
.
l5See 65 Fed. Reg. at 44,078. As noted by the Petit'roner in her Third Supplement at 10,
a Decernber 21, 20O0, TJchnicel Eveluation Report (TER) forthe Decernber 29, 2000, license
amendment iaeuance, refened to a'separate tEn and licenee arnendmeni by NRC letter dated
July 21, 2OOO,'relating to "available ceit 8pa@.' The Petitioner heg not, howsver, aeeerted any
baiis for standing wifliregard to this licenie amendmsnt, whictr lnvolves the ieeue of oellsPace
at the rnill location itself and not eny contemplated transportstiorl through Moab, and it ig not at
issue herein.
;ent By:
.
Shaw Pittman Potts Trowbnrdge;202 663 AS24;FeD-2U-Ul 5:5:,rM;ragts !,
-8-
:
Also eccording to the Federal Regislernotica, the Heritaga Minerals materialis to be
:ll
removed from its present location in New Jersey purauant tO'e Decommiesioning Plan under
NRC Source Meteriar License sMB-1541.rG The materiarwourd then be shipped to the write
:i
Mesa mill by rail and truck in ercruaive'inlermodal containera,n $'low specilic activity' (LsA)
.:
Hazard Class 7 Hazardoue Malerialag defined by U'S' Departm6nt of Transportetion
:
regulations." , i
As indicated abovo, petitioner Fielda livos in Moab, through whlch ihe Heritage Minerals
I
materialia proposed to be traneported, on Utah state Highuray 191. Petitioner Flelde lives one
block west of Highway 191, and worke one block east ol the higttway, whictt becornee Main
:
Street as it goes through Moab. She often walkg, driveg or rideg a bicycle on and acrose thia
road, and erguos that ehe will be provented from doing this il lU$A is permitted to transport the
Heritage Mlnerals rnaterialover th€ road through Moab' I I
According to the undisputed statements of lusA, truck trtfiic to the u{trite Mesa Miltfor
: I.
all mill aclivities durlng the hauling of the Heritage Minerals materials is erpected to average
i
fewer than 30 trucks per day, or some 200 per week. of thie nutnber, only 10 trucks per week
would be carrying the Herltage Minerals materialthrough Moab' for a period of one to three
monthE as e resutt of the proposed licenee amendment. Additional conlext is p'rovided in the
:,
statements of lusA that the utah Department of Trensportatlon hae eetimeted at varioua times
'i
that approximately 2000 trucka already travel thie route svoly rqer, with up to approximately
i
385 traveling it every day.tt ,
"Sea 65 Fed. Reg. at 4,078-
:t'ld.
i
,useo IUSA Opposltlon to the Requesllor Heaing of $amh M' F'relds (Aug' 24' 2OAO\
at 6 n. 11; IUSA Rosponse to the pregiOliig-6*ft't OA6Uqr 26i 2000 Rcquest for lnformation
(llor. rS,'Zooo1 et a -& n. a. I ie noted it',ei tn IUSA'o Aususi 24i2uco' opposition l?i5"r*...1
ien{ By: Shaw Plttman Potts Tnowbnidge; 2O2 663 8924;
-9-
i
To dete, the NRC hae granted IUSA a number of licenee:lamendments to proceaa a
veriety of ettemate feed materiale at the mill.to Ae illurtrated in a table provided by IUSA in
,',, : ,
r*spong€ to a requeet for lnformatlon from the Presldlng Officer (reprlnted as Attechment A to
this Memorandum and Order), feed materiels procesaed etthe thrtite Mesa mil! have verisd
t:
widely in mineral composltion end tevet ol radiological ac'tiviU. According to this table end
':
supporting documents, the materials that have besn transpOrted,lo and from the millthrough
Moab pursuant lo IUSA'g license for the mill, or NRC-approied Amendments to it, include:
,.:
(1)themajorityofl4,ls3tonaofUreniwnyellowcsl,bprocossedbythemill.the
:l l
estimated average radiological activity of which (frorn uraniUm ieptopes) ie 482,400 picocuries-
:,::
per-gram (pCi/g), and the total radiological inventory of which is over 6000 Curies (Ci);
:r :
(Z) 363 tone of Nevada teet sile'Cotter Concentrstd,'with en eslimeted average
,:: :'
radiologicel activily from uranium and thorlum lsotopes ol735218 pCUg, of which 628,026
pCi/g are from thorium isotopee, and the total radiological invenflry of wtricfr is approximalely
,.:
242 Ci
i
(3) 1526 tons of Allied SignalKOH (potaesium hydroxlcle| solutlon recovery materlal'
'::,.
with an estimated average radiologlcel ectlvity from uranium,igobPes of 179,560 PCi/g. and a
total radiological inventory of approximately 248'8 Ci; ,
.
FeD-2U-Ul 5:5vrM;ragts r u
tt(...continued) '
petitioner,e Hearing Roquee1 it ie etated (at I n. 18) ihat frC tgfO Final Environmental
SiatemCnitFESl pi"p"r"o in eupport oitit" mill'e orilginal liconsc,eQnt]c{iq. stated that IUSA
expected, on sverag€, approximatety eS Uucks peg day to bc aegociated wilh mill operatlons.
nfthougn ihi" *." in-itially ooneidered pertlnent to ttrc litue of wtiat new harm was posed by -
iruciiZ"nying the i"titlge Minerala inaterial through Moab if lltey wele wi]!i1t the number of
trucks offectivety "rtt oii.EO fi ttte original licenee, in assutvrptiori confrnnd.tY IUSA. counsel,
iJe Transcriil dt fO. SS-34, aicording-to the 1079 FES, at Psgoi4'.2q,th" references to the
tmct< tramc predicted for the mins et [ret time do not appser to tnc,tuos. much traffic through
Moab, and they ere theroforo nory found to be irrelevanl to the iilquiry herein. Ths information
p*rid.o in Attachmont A to th're Mernorandurn and or'der []rereiliafler Attachment Al provilJes
mor6 sp6cific cunent information on ,ri"ri.ls tiansported through Moab, in any event'
rssee Hochstein Affidsvit et t[5. ., ,
Seqt By: Shaw prttman Potts Tnowbnldge; 2O2 663 8324; Feb-28-01 6:0UPM; Page 11
,I
-10- .. .
(4) four materiats with five-digit totsl pCi/g flgures, ranging in sverage radiological
.::,
activity from thorium isotopes alone from 3.170 lo 18,472 pCi/g, With tonrrages ranging from
:
557 to 2343 tons. end total radiologlcal inventoriea ranging fiom approximately 27 Ci to 120 Ci:
,:
(5) .Ashland 2 Soil,'with an avBr8ge radiological aclivity f.rom uranlum and thorium
i ;'
ieotopes ol7 ,O17 pCi/g, of which 6,950 pCi/g are from thorium isirtopes. and the total
radiological inventory of which ie approximately 280 Ci;
,
,,,!
(6) some portion of 3,9;.40,667 tons of neturelores, urlth an average radiological actMty
from uranium and thorium isotopoa of 3,101 pCi/g, of which 1,02{ p0i/g are from thorium
t, :
isotopes, and the total radiological inventory of which le appioxirnately 10,821-5 Cl; and-'-.
(7) three other eource materislg with lower pCi/g levels, a corflbinod tonnege of 260,038'
:j
and total radiological inventories ranging from approxlmetelyr42 Cito O4.6 Ci.
ln addition, 10 tons of Cameco 'UF4 with filter ash' materiali:Ytith an estimated total
:
radiological activity from uranium ieotopes of 435,Sfi) pCi/g end a lotal estimated radlologlcal
:l ,
inventory of a Gi, ie erpec{ed to ba transporlad to the mill under I eeparate licenso
t,;ameMment.zo ,. .l
IUSA estimates that the weighted average uranium and thor,ium aclivity levels of
licensed feed materials end products shipped to or produceO * lhe mill is 4,809 pCi/g,2r and
::i
that the total radiological inventory for ell materials proceaeed to,dato is approximately 18'258
:i
Gi.22 ln contrasl, IUSA estimateE that the average totsl radiological activity from the uranlum
. t.
and thorium contained in the Heritage Minsrels monazite sand plle meteriel is 1,525 pCi/g' of
rcSee Attachment A.
i
ersee Hochetein Affidavit at ![ 8' ., .t,:
,rSes AttEchrnont A. The total radiological invontory'figufc wa8 arrived at by taking the
estimated iotal proviOed by IUSA in Attachment A, and aubfiactihg out the B total Ci IUSA
estimates for thb Carneco and Herltage Mlnerals mat66slt.. ,
Se4t By: Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnrdge; 2O2 663 Bs24;
-
t-eb-28-01 6:UUt',M;i'age 1:zt za
'11'
'.
which 1,1g0 pcllg Is from the thorium isotopes contained init.23,,ln the Petitioner's "First
ir ,.
Supplement," she providea various figures for the radiological actlvity of tho moneziie sands
:l
and the thorium contained in it, ranging from 1190 pCilg to {000,.pCi/9. Using IUSA'g figure,
l
the total radlological inventory of uranium and thoriurn lsotopes In the Heritege Minerala
:: :,
material would be approximately 4 Ci. Ueing the petitioner't high figure of 4fi)O pCi/g, the total
radiological inventory woutd be approximately 11.4 Ci, whioh is epproximately 0.08 percent of
the tolal 18,258 Ci rediological inventory already procassed,st tlte mill, moet sf which was
transported through Moab, Utah. ',
,. I
A higher flgure lor ihe Heritage Minerals material, of O 1 peroent of the tolel radiological
:.' I
inventory of materlals trsnsported to and from the Write Mesa nttill, has been provided by
,' :,
Douglas Chambers, Ph.D., in an afiidavit submltted hy IUSA. Atso, according to Dr-
:. !
Chambers, a *nominalvalue of between 2000 and aOm pCUg o!:total thorium in the HMI
monazite sands is a reaeonable assumption.'r Adding to this Or. Ct rrOurs' estimeted
:. ,
urenium activity o1372 pCi/g reaults in a totalof 2372to43?e pGilg forthe monazile eand
:.,
materia!. According to Dr. Chambere, this is equivalent to 6372 pCi/g of natural uranium.
r: ;.
Dr. Ghambera alco, however, points out that theoe fguree lroulcl result in incremental
,,'' !
exposure that is trivisl end a very amallfraction of netural beckgfound radiation in the area,'
,.1,
which in the area of Moab averagee approximetely 90 rnrediper y€ar, a8 cornpared to thg
;: :
national average of approxirnatsly 40 mrad per yoer.2s Dr. Gharnbere calculatee that a
pedeetrian standing by the eide of the road over whicfr the trucki carrying the Heritage Minerals
:t.
:
materialwilt lravelwould receive only approximately 4/1000iof ttrc dose he or sho would recoive
aSee Hochetein Affidavit at fl 8; Attechmenl A.
2'Chambers Affrdavit at12. , .',,%td. al6, 0. The national averega includea exposuree of:about 23 mrad per year in
coastal area6, accordlng to Dr. ChEmberE, ld. at 6. ,, i
Se.nt By: Shaw Pittman Potts Trowbnldgei 2o2 663 8c24;FCD-ZB-U1 6:UUI'M;rage l .J/ zD
-12-
:
from naturat background radiation, from lhe truct<s that witl be cerrying the material. Further'
j:
accordirrg to Dr. Chambers, a 'pedestrian oould stand by thc sld6'of ihe roed during the
)
passege of some 34,600 truc-ks loaded with monazlte sand -, Uetore he or she would receive
the aame dose as ha or ehe would receive from naturel baclWroUnd' radiation.6 ln contraet,'', ;
Dr, Chambers states that one ton of the Nevada test slte materidt would emit more then 100
.ti.
times the gamma radiation thet would be emined by a ton oitt" heritage Minerale material.rT
:: :,
Atso, according to Dr. Chambers, the Heritage Minerals metorialpree€nts no'new or unugual,':
hazard.'z8 .
Dr. Chambers states that tranepo(ation of the Heritage frfinerals materisl Poses no
:,:
significant radiological exposure pathway, because of the ahlelding of the materielfrom pereons
t;
in the etreet and the short duration during whioh there would.be anV exposurt at all. He states
that, even in the evant of a worst cage ocenario - a splll of Sre l'britage materialwith its high
thorium content -- "there is no signifrcant or acute potential health hezard,' based on lhe NRC'8
conclusion in NUREG-0706 that "long errd suetained "*posJrc to radioac{ivity in [an enlire
rH. et17.
z?See rd. ai 15. Dr. Chamberc, who is Director oJ RiSk and Redioectivity Studies for
SENES Consultante, Ltd.. of Ontario.
'Caneda,
hae u,orked tn tht- arqa 9f environmental
,"oior&irity and rlsk assesement for more then 25 yaara. hlie uork includeg the development
of probabilLtic tools for pathwayE analysis and rlek -aesaserient fior uranium mill tellings and o!
a regulatory guide f* UFg diepereion models for the NRC. :Ha_tlas aloocervod in a number of
capicitiee ioirariori organizitione, including as Chairof ths Cdnacllan $tandards Aseociation
Committee on Environm-ental Rsdlation Protiction, member,of the U. S- National Councilon
Radiotogical proteciion and Measurements Scientifrc CommitteC.aq 9n t\ npf of Lung Cancer
from Ra-don, and member of the (Cenadian) Atomic Ernrgy,Control Boa-rd a Mvisory
Commlttee on naAiologlcat protection. He was the recip'lent of lhe 1997 W, B' Lewls award of
the Canadlan Nuclear Bociety for his aohievementa in environmbntal radioactiYlY' See id' at 1-
3. Hie expertise is touno to wamnt giving credence to the ltaternenls in his afftdavit.
tsld. el17 .
SenJ By: Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnldgei 2OZ 663 UC24; l-eD-zH-ul b:ulrM; rage t+tzo
.,:::
-:
-13_
,
uraniuml tailings pile would be required to produce 8ny signlficeftt chance of adverse effect'"n
ln the event of such e spill, lhere would be clean-up procadures,ias therE would be for any sPill
:l
of uranium-bearing material, which would ihvolve "negligibla' exposurc to the public.$
l i
lL ANALYSIS ,' ,,
,
ln a Subpart L csee auch aa this, a petitioner b requtred to "deectibe in detail ... (1) [tlhe
intereat of the reguestor in the procceding;, 121 1tr1ow thc int6rcslt may be affoctod by the';,
re6ults of the proceoding, including the redaons uhy the requeetbr should be permitted a
hearing, with particular reference to the fab{ore set out i, prrrgriph (h) of this section; (3) ttlhe:: ;
requestol's areas of conoern abor.rt the licensing actlvlty ttrai ts the aubjec{ matter of the pro-
.,
ceeding; and (a) [tlhe circumstanoes osteblishlng thst th6 rqqueit for a hearing ie tirnely.
ln ruling on a request for a hearing, a presiding oflicer is reqUired to make determinations on
1- :
whethar apecified areag of concern arc germano to tho "rUp"t rnetter of thE proceeding,
whether the petition is timely, end whether "the requeator meetsthe judicial etandards for
'.standing.'u :r i''
A. Timeliness I ,l
Having been filed within thirty daye of the publication,of the notice of IUSA'8 license
amendment applicatiort, Petitioner Fields'hearing requeat wae timety under 10 C.F-R-
2etd, al7; NUREG-0706, Finat Generic Envircnmentdt Slalernenf h uranium milling,Yol.
1. at 12-31 (September 1980). , ,
,,]schambers Affidavit at 14, ,. i:ir'1O C.F.R. $ 2.1205(e). , ,
uro c.r.R. s 2.1205(h). ,' i
Serrt By: Shaw Pittman Potts Trowbridgei 202 663 8924;
-14-
B. Areas of Concern ,,
.::
petitioner Flelds statea thrae arees of concern in herlAugust 9, 2000, frearing request:
(1) "that tusA ie not authorized by the Atornic Energy Ac-t ofil9S4, as amended' tO rec€ive,
proo's., or dispose of the HMI materials'; (2) that the applidtion 'tlid not adequately consider
the traneportation corridorthrough Moab': snd (3) thet there hai been no NRG programma$c
,.:
EnvlronmentatAssessment with respecl the [aict remediatioh of iuch facilities las required by
applicable law, whichl doee not perrnit such an incrementsl boletbd review of a
.:t
programmatically impacted licerrsing action.'s I i
As previously nofed in another Subpart L proceoding,tnvOlving a petitioner from Moab,
Utah, .the Commisaion has indiceted [tha$'areao of concern' specilied in eupport of a hearing
.,,
request under Subpart L 'need not bo extensive, bur [they] rttust be suffrcient to eetablish that
the lssues the requeeter wante to raise fall,generally wlthin the rango of matters that properly
are subjec.t to challenge in such a proceedng'.'u Just at . iO Cln.n. Part 2, Subpart G formel
:''i
hearing petition musl under 1o c.F.R. $ 2.71a(a)(2) dcfine tlre ' apecific aspocl or aspeciE ol
the subject matter of ttre prooeeding as to which petitioner wlsfret to iniervene,' . . . lhe Subpart
,, ;
L direction to define 'areas of concem' is only intendedto ensurd thsl thc matters the Petitioner
wishes to diecuss in hia or her written presentation are gan€ralty;within the acope of the
For the reasono eet forth below, I conclude that.the Fetitlbne/s first and third etated
ar€a8 of concern are not germane to thie proceoding, but thqt her second stetod area of
,.l
concern is gerrnane to the proceedlng- , .
$See Petitioner'e Haaring Reguest at 34. l. .
uAilas Corporation (Moab, Utah Facility); LBP.97'9,I45 NRC 414, 4?2 (19971(citing A[
Fed. Reg. 8269, aiZe (tgoe)), gftl., cll-s7-8,4e NRc 21 ({997).
#ld. a1422423. ,i ,
Feb-28-01 6:01PM;Page 1 5/25
Sent By: Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnrdgel 202 663 8924;Feb - 28 - 01 6: 01 PM;Page 1 6/25
-15- ., ,':,,
Petitioner Fields' first stated eree of concem, thst I-U,SA b not authorized by the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954, as amended, to receive, proce88, or Oijpos6 of tho HMI materiels," is, as
conceded by IUSA, "of courBe, germane in the senee that tlmt lsilhe reason that IUSA is
requesting the subJect license amendment'.$ Howev6r, it ir qulle general and unsupported by
any specific argurnent, apart from the Petitione/a assertion ih th6 September 14, 2OOO,,: .
telephone conferen@ that the material at lseue hereln :ie nd 11;(2) byproducd material.'s7 This
:,
iasue, however, hae been reeolved by the Commiseion in its,decleion in another caeeo involving
IUSA end the 'Ashlend 2" material liated in Appendix A,lo thie Mimorandum and Order. tn an
': :
in-depth analyais of the issue, the Commission oncluded that the determinative faclor on
whether material is 11e(2) byproduct material ic whether 166,6eftrial will in fad be proceesed.,.
ln this case there appeare to be no quection that the,materialat iosue ie in fact intended
to be proceseed for its uranium content. T'herefore, tfrero isino riieaningtuldispute regarding
j::
this asserted area of oonoern. No other epacifrc part of tfre Aa being cited by the petitioner, her
,,,i
first area of concern lecks sufficient apocifrc conbnt to rendCr it liermane to the proceeding in
any meaningful way. . .,.,:
The petilioner's third steted eree of concom, thai to thE trUst of her knowledge there:,
haa been no NRC progremmetic EnvironrnenlatAssessmerrl with rospoct [to] ihe remediation of
,.!
such facilitiee' ae the Heritage Minerals site, is also found n6t to be germane to this prooeeding.
Her argument regarding an 'incremental igolated review of J programmatically impacted
*See lnternational Uranium (USA),Corporation'a Opfoeition to the Requeet for Hearing
of Sarah M. Fields (Aug. 24, z0fl0) et 4 n. 4 (emphaula:ln orlginal).
s'See Transcript at 37 (Sepi. 14, 2000). . :., i:ulntematlonal tJrantum (USA) Coryorattut, CLI-OG1,i 51 NRC I (2000).,:
srd. st 1s-23. : :
Se-qt By: Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnrdge; 202 663 8924;Feb - 28 - 01 6: U2PM;Yage ltt25
licensing action" is similar to the eorlcept of "aegmentat'1on" or anioverall plan into smaller parts
with less slgnifrcani anvironmental effocts,'discu6eed in ce# law''s Even aesuming' however'
,: i,
that this ergument might rander the third aroa of concern gefrnana to a proceeding relating
directly to the Heritage Minerals site, it is orrly remotely relevenl b this proceeding'
The petitioner,E second ares of concern, thet |USA'e'licetltsc application'did not
:. l.
adequately consider the traneportatlon conidor through Modb, Utah," ia less specific than it
might optimally be. lt is also recognized tllat under 10 C.F.R' S ?1.12 en NRC licensee ie given
:,, i
a general licanEe to ship or traneport rnaterlal eubject to NRC liconee in sn NRc-approved
::
package without approval by the Gommission, provid€d theNceneee comptiee with allappticable
I
Departrnent of Transportation regulations.'r Nonetheleos, in,thc:context oI the Petitioner's
,
Haaring Request, in which ahe allegee "pgeeible 'adveree "ff,?ttti ' ' by the lransportation of the
HMI materials through Mo8b,'on a route that lies one blockfromlher residence and workplace,
::
it is found thai she asserts an ar€a of concern that is germahe ld the proceeding, and which
doee not BPpear to have been decided in prior litigation'e i I
li
Havlng stated an ares of concern that is germane tothigiproceeding' Petitioner Fields
must stiil eetabliah standing to intervene in order to be admltted bs I Party in this proceeding'
This is more problematic for the Petltloner.
:
ln her originalAugusf g, 2000, Herring Requesl. Petltioner Fields states that her interest
in IUSA'. liconse amendment application evisss out of her residhg one block west and working
{See Keppey. Sierra Club,427 t,.$. 3g0 (1976); dA A West Chicago v' NRC, 701
,I
.rSee yankee Atomic Eleatric Company(Yankee Nrrclear Povver Station), CLI-94-3' 39:.,NRC 95, 101-102 (1994). ,
:rsee lntemational Uranium(UsA, CotryrrtliwtlReoeipt,'of Materialfrom Tonawands'
New YorX1, LBP-9&21, 48 NRC 137,148'147 (lgg8)' ;. .
Sent By: Shaw Pj-ttman Potts Tnowbnldgei 2O2 663 8924;
-17- :
one block east of Highway 191 ln Moab, lJtah, through which lU$A propoaes to transport the
. :: ,
altemative feed malerialfrom the Heritage,Minerals srte. The Pititioner states that eince she
c.fo'se' Highway 191 every day, "[tJhere ia a high probebility:that lshel woutd be affected by the
::
transport of the meterialthat is propoeed to be transported to, and received and processed at,
the White Meea Mill.'.t She refers further to her'right not to,be Jnnecessarily affected by the
, t: ]
transport of the HMI materiat,' and to "[a]ny poeeible adverge effiic'ts" of such traneport.n ln
addition to raieing various iesuee of alleged risk end hem torhecelt ttrat might regult from the
',
proposed license amendment, the Petltioner hagiqueetioned,the good faith of IUSA, aE wel! es
varioue information it has provided, and his aeeerted that the monazite sand material presents
,
particular new health, safety and environmentalhazards'" i
,
IUSA argues that the petitioner's concerns about Ueihg "ii".t"U by the transport of the
::r'
HMI materials through Moeb ere.vegue and generalized' and stBte no particular'injury in
.l
fact"e that ie "concrete and particulsrlzedry or'threatened. certglnly impending, and real and
:
immediate.'4 Specifically, IUSA ergues that tlre:petltioner faib fo state why there is a "high
probability' ehe would be affected by the proposod licofise amendment, how ehe would be
affected by it, and how any such effest world injure ner. lUie fuaher ergues that the Petitioner
€Hoarirtg Request at 2 (filed August 0, 2000).
,
,:
*See, e-g., Firat Supptemont at 540. , .
ssee lntemational Uranium (USA),Corporation's Oppoaitton to the Rgguest for Hearing
ot Sarah M. Fields. at 5 (filed Aug. 24, 2000) (clting Nulhern Stdles Pottwr Company
tr"Orp"nOJnt SpenrFueistoragi lnetallation), t-pg-98,22, 44 NRC 138, 140-141 (1996))'
.7sea rd. (citing Florida Audubort society v. Eentson;r94 F.3d 658, 663 (D.C. Cir'
ssee rd. (citing Babcock & Witcax(Apolli, Pennaylv0nia Fuel Fabrication Facillty), LP&
:: i03-4, 37 NRC 72, 81 (1993)) ,
Feb - 28 - 01 6:02PM;
i
Page 1 ts/25
Sent By: Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnidge; 2O2 663 8924;
:,,
Feb - 28 - 01 6:02PM;Page 1 C/25
has faited to explain what harm ffi?! resutl from her areas of conDern, particularly when the
material and activlty to be authorizad undor the propoeed liensdlemendrnent are wel! wlthin the
. ' l
limits alreedy euthorized by its license for the mlll ancl amenomelrts thereto.
,:
tn determining standing under 10 C.F.R. $ 2.1205(elandi(h), a presiding officer is
required to coneider, "among other factorE; (1) [t[re nature of thei requeetor'e right under the Act
to be made a party to the proceeding; (2) [t]he nature afld oxtent'of the requ€stofs property,
:
financiel, or other intereet in the proceedirp; end,(3) fithe possibls effect of any order that may
be entered in the proceeding upon the requostor's intercst.'i Uhder relevant case law
interpreting these requirements, a presiding ofiicar muol. ln conSldering whether the requisile
: :, :
showings have been made undor lhe rulee cited,abovei lookto whether a petitiorrer hae
:t
demonstrated that (1) she haa suffered or will pgtentially auffer ir OistinA and palpable 'injury in
:
fact'within the -zone of interests' arguably protected by ths statutee gov€ming the prooeeding;
,' I
(2) the injury is fairly traceable to thc chelhnged,actioq an-d:(3) the hJury is likely to be
,.
redressed by a favorable decieion.s i: i
Also, while a petationer beare the burdsn of egtablishlng etanding, Commisslon case law
, :,
providee that in making a standing determlnetion a preeiding officer is to 'construe the petition
infavorofthepetitioner''siFurther,"[r]ctCtlvetoathreeholdetandingdetermination'"'oven
.i,i
minor radiologicalexpoeures resulting frqm a proposed licensesraclivity can bc enough to
create the requisite injury in fact."E ,
"10 c.F.R. S 2.1205(h).
,lssee Aras Corporatiort, LBP-97-9I 45 NRC at lea (titingYankee Atomic Electric Co-
(Yankee Nuclear Po,rrer Station), CLt-96-1,43 NRC 1.8 (1996))'
slGeorgia lnstitute of Technology(Georgla Tech Reie"t0,.[E9a.t?r. Atlanta' Georgia),
CLI-95-12, 42-NRC 111, 115 (1995), ,I4* Atlas Corpratbn, LBP-97-9' 45 NRC a1424.
s2Ganer11t pubtic Ufitilies Nudear Corp. (OystcrrCretil Nuclear Ganerating Slation),, (continued...)
Selt By: Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnidge; 2O2 663 8924;Feb-28-01 6:03PM;Page 2Ul25
-r$i.
::
Finally, in a case such as thia in which I propoeod tiOsnsO smendment is challenged, it
:,.i,
ls etso necessary to dotermine whether the activlties authorh€d lrnder the present license
,i
amendment application could cause a "dislind neu, harm or'threht'o or injury to the Petitioner
:,,
"resulting frorn the emendment, as conlrarted with continuing oBerations of the mill under its
existing 1i@n6e,,s or an "increased health::or safeU hazard',or "incrgaeed risk over already
licensed aclivities.'$ lf the new proposod:ectivitbs woukd ceuseieudr e distinct now or
:'
increased harm, threat, injury or riek above and beyond thatwtriqtr could be caueed by acliviiiea
:.i
already authorized under IUSA'e existing licenae and eny previotfs amendments thereto, it
:ii
might bo concluded that the petitioner haq,eatabliahed Btanding ln this ca8e. lf, on the other
:l
hand, as argued by IUSA, transportation dihe materii$ at [ssu0 through Moab would not
cauge any new or increased harm, 167ss1,,injury or riek above aniil beyond that which the
:.,,,i.
petitioner might arguably sufler ac a resull of already authorized:,aclivities, this would suggest
thai the petitioner has not cstabllshed stanOing to be made i patty io thig proceeding.
:i:
Looking at the information and argumant:preaent€d irl thil matter and congtruing the
petition In petitionor Fielde'favor, it is clear that, becauS€ Ehe llves and work3 within one block
of the route over which IUSA will transport the Herttage;Mlneralsimeteria! to the \Mrite Mesa
],,:
mill,anyaccidentoforspillfromatruckcarrying.l6lgmaterialthiloccurrednearherhomeor
LBP-96-2'4, ++ NRC ina, tsg (1996), EI+g Atlas carpomtion,LBP-97-9, 45 NRC at 425'
:l : :.: i.sewnmonweatth Edison Company (Zion,Nuclear Po,ver Station, Units 1 and 2), CLI-99-
4,49 NRC 185, 192 (19s9).
i
{tntemationallJranium (USA) Corpr*iott (White MCea lJranium Mill), LBP-97-12,6
NRC 1, I (1997), m., cLl-98-6, 47 NRG 116 (1998). ,, i
alntemauonal tJrantum (USA) CWoratton(Whlte Msea Uranium Mill), [BP-97'14, 6
NRC 55, 56, 5E (1g97), ere,., ilrg6A,lf fgnC,tiO (tege): see'-a1s9 lntem.ational Unnium
fusnt Crrpbo6*a#;:F.;f Materielfrom St. Louis, Missouri)i LBP-99-24, 49 NRC 495, 496
irgedl.
. , i
Seryt By: Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnidge; 242 663 8924; Feb-28-01 6:03PM; Page 2112b:, :
. ,l ,
'2o-
i,,:,
workplace could result in eome impacl, evon if minor, to:the Petitlbner thould she be in the
vicinity at th€ time of eny suoh accidental releaEE. Whether iuch imped would result in any
::
radiological exposure sufFrcient to establlsh etanding is not so cleer, however. As the
Commission has stated, "proximity alone does not euffice folistanding in maleriels tlcensing
.,,
ceBBB,'s arrd would apply only in ac'tione ihvolviryg a "signrfrcint gource of radioac{ivity
producing an obviout potentlalfor offsite @ns€quences.'57 ,, .'I
The information provided by Dr. Chambefs is tothe efrcct ttrat any rediological expoeure
I
to the Patitioner as a result of the transportation of the Heritage Minerale material constitutes no
;tton ol background level in normatnew or unuaual hazard, that indeed it would be a emalltrac
,
circumstances, and that, even if there wers an accident end,spill; the effect on the Petitioner
',:
would be "negtigible.' Petitioner Fields qubetione Ek. ChamDers'looncluaione, claiming that they
. :- l.
ara contradictecl by information contained ln an IUSA documeot gn 'standard Operating
: : ;- |
Procedureg [forl High Thorium Content Oru Manegememt d,
l:,,
ThiE documont addresses ore recelving and dumping at tho tvhite Meea Mill and
contains varioua requirements tor pcrfqrmlng theee functionB, inOluding Eafety meeeuros for
:.'r.!
personnel performing them. Although theprecautions enumsratbd and required in the
document indicate that materialcontaining,thorlum doet Orelentl"radiologlcal dangerc'and the
need for'epecial procoduree,'the nature of the functions a{!re*ed in thie document - relating
I different context thsn that of alo personnelwho work with the material ..':placea them:in i
:
perEon reeiding n€er or walking on the roAd overwhich,irucke wll travel, even in the everrl of a
nlntemational llranium (USA) Co4oratdn, CLI-98€; +Z NnC at 117 n. 1.
.. i: I
s? Sequoyah Fuels Cotpomtlon and Gonorat A(oml'csr(Gorre, Oldahoma Sita), CLI-94-12,
40 NRC 6.4, 75 n. 22 (199{). : .
ssee Petitione/s Third Supplemeitt at 17, Fourth Suppldnrent et 26.
Sent By: Shaw Plttman Potts Tnowbnidge; 2A2 663 8924;
:l
Feb - 28-01 6:03PM;Page 22125
Bpill.6e Such personnelwill be invotved in:long and euetained exposure" to the materia!, in
:
contrest to pedestrians, whoae potenlialexpoeure wouH be,very brief, aB pointed out by Dr.
Chambers.s Therefore this document ls not found to contradlcilDr. Chambers' staiements.
The Petitioner statee that ehe inlends, aB a result of her ooncerng about the radioloOical
oxposure she might receive from trucke carrying:the Heritage Minerals material, to avoid the
road over which the trucks would travet. cftlng vsriors sourda,s, many on ths dangera of
.,..'
radiation to peraone who work with radioective materlals.lr Whili the Petilioner (*'tro does not
: :. :..
work with radioac-tive materials) may drooce to do this,"s66 has provided no relevant
informetion that would contradlct the lnformatton,provldeO Uy Or.,Cnamberc.
r:ii
BasEd on the information provided,,by Eh. Chambers,,ls the effsct that any radiological
...,
exposure to the Petitioner as e result of the kanaportation of theiHerltage Mlnerals material
:,,,i
through Moab would be.negligible'at moit, I conclude,lhatithe $ource of radloectivity al issue
herein is not significant euch that it woultl produce an'6bvioua p-olentiallor offsile
:i
consequencee' during its traneportation through Moab.r Therefore, Petitioner Fields' proximity
t,
to the tranaportation roule is not sufllclcntlon itg own to:grant treri;etanding in thie case.
\Mth regard to the broader questioh whether the Pethionor has shown any inJury erising
' l. , l'
out of the amendment at iasue in thia procacding, the f O trubft per week that will transport the
: ,,:
Flerltage Mlnerels meterial through Moab fur a perioO of onerto three months congtitute e smell
ssee Third Supplement, Exh. A ati'1-2 of 8. : i
6see Chambere Affidavit at Z. i, ,,,,
l
6rSee Petitloner's Fourth Supplernent at 15-17, 26-27,. li ls noted thet the Petltioner in
eeveral of her (often voluminous and eomcurhet rembllng) fllhgshae cited a variety of eourcee
orr radiation and its offects. But with few dxcoptions (eucfr ee thC lotter from Atlomoy
Thompson diecuesBd at note 6, supra),.none ol the sourcesirelldp on by the Pelltloner have
been iound to be of e neture to effsct the posslble ouicome of thit proceeding, and many are
irrelevant to the mettsrs sctually at lscue ih thb proceeding,,noh*lthstendlng thc Potitionefs
resourcefulness in finding themdeapite her evident leek of experl essistenco in thls proceeding.
Sent Shaw Plttman Potts Tnowbnidge; 202 663 Feb - 28-01 6:04PM;Page 2;d1:z5
-22'
portion of the total truck lraffic to the WftitJ Mesa Mill for afl mill aclivitiee during the time in
.,,11
question, and will involve matsrial with a smellfrac{ioil Of th6 radlological content of other
materiala transported to the mill. As stated by IUSA in [s Reepoha€ to tho Petitioner'E'FirBt
:, "l: i
Supplement,' IUSA hae traneported, and wjll continuerto transpoh. Iarger quantities of similar or
j: : :. i.
more radiologicatly active feede through Moeb ln eccordanci wtth existing ticenrea.u tt ie
::::
notecl that the Petitioner hae made rcfurences to an escideni involYing traneportation of
mste6els to lhe White Mese Mill, end to sorne trucks havingrbeeh found to heve 'high radiation
,,i
readinge.s There has been no indication or showing, howdver, of any particulars or of any
::
pattern that would suggost any greeter llkCUnood of any addltlondl euch incidents occurring with
:
the trucks that would tranaport the Heritage Minerals materiel to lhe mill. Moreover, given tha
information provided by Dr. Chambers, thC very tol raObfoglcellnventory and activity of the
:. ' r'
materlat in question herein leeds to a conclusion,that, even ln tho event of a similar lncident, the
tikeilhood of any exposurs significantly ebovc background levelsjwould be negligible.
Construing the petiiion irr the Petitibner'e favor; the queetlbn becomee: whether a
,.,:,
nagligible likelihood of any radiologicalexposure ihet wouldbc slgnlflcantly above background
:. ,r l.
level ia gufticient to esteblish an "injury in fss-t,'resulting from thd amendment at issue in this
ca3e. I find, in the circurnetancee of this case, thal such a negli$lble likelihood has not been
shown to constitute a nerry o1no,Basod harm, threat, iOjury or risk es e result of the proposed
r,'i
licenae amendmenl, over and above the riek orthreatlof inirlry already arising from continuing
activitiee under the mill'a exieting licence and arnandmcnts. irAnd:baeed upon this finding, I
,, ] , i,
further conclude that the Petitioner hae not dem0nslratsd in:thie prooeeding the requisite injury
t..
in fact, trecsable to the propoeed license 4mendmenl and likely io be redressed by a favorable
, .: :,
ulnlemational Urenium (USA) Gorporatlon's Retpome to the Prosiding Officer's
October 26, 2000 Request for lnformatie6,'(Nov..13, 2(XX)), et 2..
:
Se4t By: Shaw Plttman Potts Trowbnidge; 2O2 663 8924;Feb - 28- 01 6: u4PM;
l
Page :l4125
-23- :
:
decision, to establish standing to be admit{ed esie psrty in the procsoding. Any challenge to
continuing activitios under IUSA's llccnse, which appaar to be Petitioner Fields' main concem,
,
would have to be brought pursuant to a reguest for ac{lorr unaerif O C.F'R, $ 2'2ffi.
III..CONCLIJSON
I .. i
ln concluaion, alihough her sinoerity in hcr oonoernsris ulrquestionable, and although
her Hearing Requeet was timely and procanls orle germane;ar€0 of cofloorn, Petltloner Fields
,,
has not demonstrated the requisite injury In fact needed to ostablish standing under 10 C.F'R'
:. . 1: ,
g 2.120S(e) and (h) and relevant cese lewi Her roquest forhcadng muet therefore be denied.
,,
ln additlon, es noted ebove, her request for stay,ie 6g1fu(. :
'
For the foregoing reaaong! it is. thh 28h day of Feb,ruery;2001, ORDERED that:
t .: :
1. The August 9, 2000, hearing request of Petitloner Sar.th M. Fields is denied and this
, ,: .
,:,
2. ln aocordance with the provhione of t0 C.F.R. S 2.1205(o), as it rules upon a hearing
request, this Memorendum and Onter may be appealed to the Commission by filing an appeal
,.'tii
statement that euccinctly eete out, with supporting argr;ments, ttio errors alleged. To be timely,
,,,i,
an appeal statement muet be liled within 10 daya efiorthir Mcmorandum and Order is served
,,
BY THE PRESIDINO OTTbENH'':
AnnrMarshallYoung r, ,
ADM I N ISTRATI\G JI.'DGE
Rockville, Maryland
February 28,20o1
e€opies of thie Memorandum andiOrder were tent Sris ttate by lntemet e+nai!
tranemieeion to ellparticipantt of Qgun8etfor participants. ,r :
202 663 8524;
:
t.
l-eb-2ts-u1 6:041'M;l'age 'lbt 25Sent Btl: Shaw Pittman Potts Trowbnldge;
i
a I
FtJt
g
til
=Ht3IoIf,.!q
Ru
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Dave Frydenlund
----
From:
Sent:
To:
Subject:
Fred. [e-mail]
Wednesday, February 21,2001 5:40 PM
[e-mail]
Errata to "Fourth Supplement to Petitioner's
---- Forwarded by Fred Phillips/SPPTiUS on 021211200107:40 PM -----------+--------------------->
"Sarah M. IFields" I<[e-mail]> I
02t2112001 I
06:59 PM I
I
ttI To: Ann Young <[e-mail]>, Anthony Thompson
<[e-mail]>, D-avid Lalhway
<david. [e-mail]>, Frederick Phillips
<frederick. ph illips@shawpittman. com>, Secretary<[e-mail]> I
I
I
I
Subject Errata to "Fourth Supplement to Petitioner's
I inadvertently included some extraneous pages in the electronically
transmitted copy to "Fourth Supplement to Petitione/s August 9, 2000,
Request for Hearing: Response to February 6, 2001, Order.
The Fourth Supplement should end at page 25. Please delete and discard
any subsequent pages as they do not belong to the February 2Q submittal.
Electronic copy should conform to copy that has been served via first
class mail and should arrive shortly.
Very sorry. Thank you,
Sarah M. Fields
This electronic message transmission contains information
from the law firm Shaw Pittman that may be confidentialor
privileged. The information is intended solely for the recipient
and use by any other party is not authorized. lf you are not
the intended recipient, be aware that any disclosure, copying,
distribution or use of the contents of this information is
prohibited. lf you have received this electronic transmission
in error, please notify us immediately by telephone
(1.202.663.8000) or by electronic mail
([e-mail]). Thank you.
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA I,UI4A
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD PANEL
Before Administrative Judges :
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Dr. Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
IN THE MATTER OF:)
)
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA) ) Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8
CORPORATION )) ASLBP NO. 00-782-08-MLA
(Source Material License Amendment, )
License No. SUA-I358)) February 20,2001
)
FOURTH SUPPLEMENT TO PETITIONER'S AUGUST 9, 2OOO, REQUEST
FOR HEARING: RESPONSE TO FEBRUARY 6. 2001. ORDER
[. Introduction
l. This Fourth Supplement to petitioner's August 9,2000, request for hearing
responds, as allowed, to the Presiding Officer's February 6,2000, Order (Setting
Deadlines for Final Filings on Standing). In responding to the February 6 Order, as
directed by the Order, petitioner must:
[F]ile responses to anything filed by [International Uranium (USA)
Corporation ("IUSA")], along with any argument related to the November
16 and December 18, 200[0] documents, or any other argument relating to
the Petitioner's standing.
Such responses to the February 6 have been determined by the Presiding Officer
to be "the final filings permitted in this matter on the issue of standing,"
2. Before proceeding with this supplement petitioner would respectfully request
that she be permitted to address an inadvertence brought forward by the February 6
Order. The February 6 exhibits an error that bears directly on the issue of petitioner's
standing to proceed. The February Order rules that:
Petitioner [Sarah M.] Fields' [February 2,2001] requests regarding the
Staffs [December 2l,20001Technical Evaluation Report[ ] and related
materials are irrelevant at this point, with the arguable exception of the
November 16 and December 18 submittals characterized by Petitioner
Fields as supplements to the original July 5, 2000, license amendment
request of IUSA.
As will be shown below at "II. Reiteration of Stay Request" petitioner in her
original August 9 request for hearing requested a stay of any Nuclear Regulatory
Commission ("NRC") staff licensing action responsive to the July 5 application and has
since, in the various supplements to that request and responses to the Presiding Offrcer's
Orders, supported that request for delay.
Given such a prejudicial threshold confusion, petitioner would respectfully
request that, bearing in mind the stay discussion brought forward below, Presiding
Officer reconsider the ruling laid out in the above. As will be shown below the NRC
staffs Technical Evaluation Report ("TER") and related materials are not "irrelevant at
this point" in the present proceeding and bear upon the question of whether I have
standing to participate fuither in the present proceeding
3. This matter concerns a July 5, 2000, application submitted by International
Uranium (USA) Corporation ("IUSA") to the NRC requesting an amendment to IUSA's
Source Material License SUA-1358. The July 5 Amendment Request proposes that the
NRC allow IUSA to transport through downtown Moab, Utah, up to 2,000 cubic yards
(approximately 3,000 tons) of "alternate feed material" (thoriated monazite source
material) for receipt, processing, and disposal at IUSA's White Mesa Mill near Banding,
Utah. Such radiotoxic source material is currently authorized to be possessed by Heritage
Minerals, Inc., ("HMI") at Lakehurst, New Jersey, by NRC Source Material License No.
SMB-1541, Docket No. 40-8980.
4. Below is a chronological list of the various records that reveal information
bearing upon the question of whether I have standing to participate further in the present
proceeding. In the Discussion, at III. below, I will address the more pertinent examples
of such information in the listed records in further detail.
o Letter from Michelle R. Rehmann, Environmental Manager, IUSA, to Mr. Phillip
Ting, Branch Chief, Fuel Cycle and Safety and Safeguards Branch, Division of Fuel
Cycle Licensing, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, NRC regarding
"Amendment Request to Process an Altemate Feed Material from Heritage Minerals,
Inc., at White Mesa Uranium Mill, Source Material License No. SUA-1358, July 5,
2000.
. NRC staff Federal Register Notice ("FRN"), "Notice of Receipt of Request from
Intemational Uranium (IUSA) Corporation to Amend Sowce Material License SUA-
1358 to Receive and Process Alternate Feed Materials Notice of Opportunity for
Hearing," 65 Fed. Reg. 44078-44079, July 17,2000.
NRC staff issuance of "Amendment 18 to Materials License SUA-1358 -- Approval to
Receive and Process Alternate Feed Material from the Heritage Minerals Site at the
White Mesa Uranium Mill" ("Amendment 18"). See letter from Mr. Philip Ting,
Branch Chief, Fuel Cycle and Safety and Safeguards Branch, Division of Fuel Cycle
Licensing, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, NRC, to Ms. Michelle
R. Rehmann, Environmental Manager, IUSA, December 29,2000, and the enclosed
Technical Evaluation Report (December 21,2000), and Source Material License
SUA- 1 3 5 8, Amendment No. I 8 (December 29, 2000).
"International Uranium (USA) Corporation's Opposition to Sarah M. Fields Request
for Reconsideration," and, particularly, what is claimed to be "Affidavit of Douglas
Chambers" contained therein. Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8, January 9,2001
II. Reiterated Request for Stay
The July 5,2000, application was noticed in a July 17,2000, FRN, and an
opportunity for a hearing was allowed. The July 17 FRN states:
The NRC hereby provides notice of an opportunity for a hearing on the
license amendment under the provisions of 10 C.F.R. Partz, Subpart L,
"Informal Hearing Procedures for Adjudications in Materials and Operator
Licensing Proceedings." Pursuant to Sec. 2.1205(a), my person whose
interest may be affected by this proceeding may file a request for a
hearing.
The July 17 FRN also states:
This application will be reviewed using NRC formal guidance, "Final
Position and Guidance on the Use of Uranium Feed Material Other Than
Natural Ores" and the guidance contained in the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission's Memorandum and Order, International Uranium (IUSA)
Corp. CLI-00-01, (February 10, 2000).
On August 9,2000, petitioner responded, in a timely manner, to the July 17 FRN
with a request for hearing pursuant 10 C.F.R. Part2, Subpart L. See letter from Sarah M.
Fields to the Secretary, NRC, entitled Hearing Request, August 9, 2000.
As shown above, the July l7 FRN noticing the receipt of the July 5 application
goes to, where offering an opportunity for a hearing, l0 C.F.R. Part2, Subpart L. The
July l7 FRN somewhat elliptically states that the person who requests that hearing,
among other things, must show that they would suffer an adverse effect directly derived
from the proposed licensing action:
In addition to meeting other applicable requirements of 10 CFR
Partz of the NRC's regulations, a request for a hearing filed by a person
other than an applicant must describe in detail:
(1) The interest of the requestor in the proceeding;
(2) How that interest may be affected by the results of the
proceeding, including the reasons why the requestor should be permitted a
hearing, with particular reference to the factors set out in Sec. 2.1205(h);
(3) The requestor's areas of concem about the licensing activity
that is the subject matter of the proceeding; and
(4) The circumstances establishing that the request for a hearing is
timely in accordance with Sec. 2.1205 (d).
The request must also set forth the specific aspect or aspects of the
subject matter of the proceeding as to which petitioner wishes a hearing.
[Emphasis added.]
It should be noted that the July l7 FRN, in addition to mentioning Subpart L,
mentions l0 C.F.R. Partz, paraphrases and supplements l0 C.F.R. 2.1205(e), and directs
an interested person to l0 C.F.R.2.1205(d) and l0 C.F.R. 2.1205(h).
l0 C.F.R. 2.1205(h) states:
(h) In ruling on a request for a hearing filed under paragraph [0
C.F.R. 2.1205) (d), the presiding officer shall determine that the specified
areas of concern are germane to the subject matter of the proceeding and
that the petition is timely. The presiding officer also shall determine that
6
the requestor meets the judicial standards for standing and shall consider,
among other factors--
(1) The nature of the requestor's right under the Act to be made a
party to the proceeding;
(2) The nature and extent of the requestor's property, financial, or
other interest in the proceeding; and
(3) The possible effect of any order that may be entered in the
proceeding upon the requestor's interest.
Beyond two rather vague cites, "10 C.F.R Subpart L" and "10 C.F.R. Part 2," the
July 17 FRN does not point towards the opportunity for an interested person, in
requesting a hearing, to also request a stay pursuant 10 C.F.R. 2.1263 and l0 C.F.R.
2.788, found in 10 C.F.R.Partz, Subpart L, and l0 C.F.R. Part2, Subpart G respectively.
l0 C.F.R. Part2 ("Rules of Practice for Domestic Licensing Proceedings and
Issuance of Orders") is very extensive. l0 C.F.R. Part2, Subpart L ("Informal Hearing
Procedures for Adjudications in Materials ... Licensing Proceedings") itself, which is one
of many subparts of Pan 2, covers a lot of ground.
The July 17 FRN was somewhat specific in directing an interested person to, for
example, l0 C.F.R. 2.1205(d) and l0 C.F.R. 2.1205(h). However, that FRN does not in
any reasonable way properly notice that an interested person must address the criteria laid
out in 10 C.F.R. 2.1263 and l0 C.F.R. 2.788 if that interested person wishes to request a
stay of any NRC staff licensing action issued in response to the noticed July 5, 2000,
application.
Petitioner's August 9,2000, request for hearing requested a stay. Petitioner's
August 9 states:
Would respectfully request that any NRC licensing action
responsive to the July 5 Application be delayed pending the resolution of
the issues brought forward above. [Page 5, paragraph 1.] [Emphasis
added.l
l0 C.F.R. 2.1263 ("Stays of NRC staff licensing actions or of decisions of a
presiding officer or the Commission pending hearing or review") refers to 10 C.F.R. Part
2, Subpart G criteria that the petitioner and the Presiding Offrcer must address. This
being so because the petitioner's August 9, as quoted above, plainly requests that the
NRC licensing action responsive to IUSA's July 5 application be delayed ("stayed")
pending the resolution of the issues brought forward in the present proceeding. See l0
C.F.R. 2.1263 and 61 Fed. Reg. 29278,29298 (July 29,1996).
l0 C.F.R. 2.1263 states:
Applications for a stay of any decision or action of the
Commission, a presiding officer, or any action by the NRC staff in issuing
a license in accordance with Sec. 2.1205(m) are govemed by Sec 2.788,
except that any request for a stay ofstafflicensing action pending
completion of an adjudication under this subpart must be filed at the time
a request for a hearine or petition to intervene is filed or within l0 days of
the staffs action, whichever is later. A request for a stay of a staff
licensing action must be filed with the adjudicatory decisionmaker before
which the licensing proceeding is pending. [Emphasis added.]
Petitioner's August 9,2000, was timely filed "at the time a request for a hearing
[was] filed with the adjudicatory decisionmaker." See "Designation of Presiding
Officer," Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8, August 31, 2000,
As indicated above,lO C.F.R. 2.1263, in turn, refers to l0 C.F.R. 2.1205(m) and
l0 C.F.R 2.788. Althoughl0 C.F.R. 2.1205(m) is found in Subpart L, l0 C.F.R 2.788
("Stays ... pending review") is found in the more formal Subpart G ("Rules of General
Applicability").
l0 C.F.R 2.788 states, in pertinent part:
(b) An application for a stay must be no longer than ten (10) pages,
exclusive of affidavits, and must contain the following:
(l) A concise summary of the decision or action which is
requested to be stayed;
(2) A concise statement of the grounds for stay, with reference to
The factors specified in paragraph (e) of this section; and
(3) To the extent that an application for a stay relies on facts
subject to dispute, appropriate references to the record or affidavits by
knowledgeable persons.
(e) In determining whether to grant or deny an application for a
stay, the Commission or presiding officer will consider:
(1) Whether the moving party has made a strong showing that it is
likely to prevail on the merits;o Whether the party will be ineparably injured unless a stay is
granted;
o Whether the granting of a stay would harm other parties; and. Where the public interest lies.
See 10 C.F.R 2.788 and 56 Fed. Reg. 29403,29410 (Jwte27,199l). Also see 10
C.F.R. 2.1205(m) and 6l Fed. Reg. 39278,39297 (July 29, 1996).
Preparatory to requesting a stay, the petitioner's August 9,2000, request for
hearing concisely lays out the reason that the criteria contained in 10 C.F.R 2.788 could
not be addressed. Fetitioner's August 9 request for hearing states:
This requestor reserves the right to supplement this petition upon
the receipt of additional information, such as the July 5 Application.
[Page 4.]
Given the absence of an accessible, relevant application for an amendment to
Source Material License SUA-1358, petitioner could not further address the l0 C.F.R.
2.788 stay request criteria.
As shown above, the petitioner's August 9 request for hearing, as was
subsequently permitted by the Presiding Officer to be supplemented is not just a Subpart
L (10 C.F.R. 2.1205) request. The August 9 request, as supplemented, is also, as
instructed by Subpart L stay criteria (10 C.F.R. 2.1263)), of necessity, a more formal
(demanding) Subpart G (10 C.F.R. 2.788) request for a stay of a proposed NRC staff
licensing action.
The February 6 Order should have, but did not, address the petitioner's August 9
request that "any NRC licensing action responsive to the July 5 Application be delayed
["stayed"] pending the resolution of the issues brought forward above."
Would respectfully request that the Presiding Officer address the stay request
contained the petitioner's August 9 request for hearing. And, in like manner, request that
the Presiding Officer review that stay request taking into consideration the various
10
supplements (October 18,2000, December 5, 2000, February 2,2001) and this February
20,2001Fourth Supplement to my original request for hearing.
IIL Discussion
1. Within the July 5,2000, Amendment Request IUSA presented information to
the NRC staff regarding the HMI thoriated monazite source material that has been
characterized by IUSA as "Uranium Material." IUSA made no statement in the
application referring to the specific thorium-232 progeny content of the HMI material.
The July 5 Amendment Request states:
Generally, the composition of the Uranium Material is very similar to the
composition of the materials currently in the Mill's tailings impoundments,
because the Uranium Material resulted from the processing of natural ores
in which no chemical leaching or solvent extraction occurred, and will not
have an adverse impact on the overall Cell 3 tailings composition. [Page
5, at 1.3.4.1 [Emphasis added.]
The Amendment Request did not state that the thoriated monazite source material
was a concentrate. It follows that the thorium-232 progeny in that HMI material would
be concentrated. As a concentrate containing radiotoxic radium-228 and thorium-228,
the HMI material would not be similar to the composition of the materials currently in the
White Mesa Mill's tailings impoundments, unless the thorium-232 andprogeny are
removed as a contaminant inadvertantly entrained in a product at the White Mesa Mill.
However, to the best of petitioner's knowledge there are no safeguards in place at the
White Mesa Mill that would mitigate such contamination of product. The petitioner's
concern is that there is a potential that radiotoxic thorium-232 and progeny contaminant
contained in a vanadium product from the White Mesa Mill might "bounce back" through
downtown Moab, Utah, absent such safeguards. Once would be more than enough.
For example, see NRC Inspection Report 40-8681/00-01 and Notice of Violation,
found under cover of letter from Dwight D. Chamberlain, Director, Division of Materials
Safety, NRC, to David C. Frydenland, Vice-President and General Counsel,IUSA,
September 6,2}}},Enclosure 2, at e.("Contaminated Vanadium"), pages 8-10.
The July 5 Amendment Request did not provide any data comparing the
composition of the HMI thoriated monazite material with the composition of "the
materials currently in the Mill's tailings impoundments" in order to substantiate their
assertion that the materials were, "generally," very similar. Apparently, the key word
here is generally.
Attachment 5 to the July 5, entitled "Radioactive Material Profile Record"
("RMPR"), provides very sketchy information regarding the HMI material. There is no
laboratory or other data accompanying the RMPR that gives information about when and
where the samples were taken, how many samples were taken, and what protocols were
used to sample, handle, and analyze.
The bases for the RMPR data regarding the radiological isotopic content of the
HMI material is not available, and the data itself is contradicted elsewhere. A proper risk
assessment with respect the thoriated monazite source material cannot be made, absent
information regarding the specific radiotoxic thorium-232 progeny content of the material
which is proposed to be transported through downtown Moab, Utah.
t2
It is important that the petitioner have reliable specific isotopic characterization of
the HMI thorited monazite material such as would be expected to be found in a licensee
of NRC staff the risk assessment portion of the applicable environmental assessment. It
is unreasonable to require the petitioner to exhaustively address the applicable criteria in
Part2, Subpart L (10 c.F.R. 2.1205 and 10 c.F.R. 2.1263) and Part 2, Subparr G (10
C.F.R. 2.788) absent such an assessment.
Subpart L requires that petitioner show how the interests of the petitioner may be
affected by the results of the proceeding. In order to show adverse effect (to petitioner's
short or long-term health), resultant from inhalation or ingestion, petitioner must have a
clear understanding of the radiotoxicity of the thoriated monazite material that is
proposed to be transported through downtown Moab, Utah. It is reasonable to consider
cumulative or prompt spillage onto Moab's Main Street very near where petitioner resides
and sojourns. The July 5, as supplemented does not provide an adequate discussion of a
spillage which would enable petitioner to exhaustively explain how the petitioner would
be adversely affected such a spill. The July 5 as supplemented does not contain or refer
to a relevant (or realistic) risk assessment, but should.
The July 5 application opines that such HMI radiotoxic thoriated monazite source
material will be transported through downtown Moab, Utah, safely and without any
meaningful risk to the petitioner who resides and sojoums in downtown Moab, Utah.
However, there is no convincing information in the Amendment Request that there would
be no short or long-term threat to petitioner's health as a result of such transportation
l3
activities in the event of cumulative or prompt spillage of thoriated monazite material in
downtown Moab. Accidents do happen.
The July 5 Amendment Request, page 9, under 2.0 ("Transportation
Considerations"), states that "for the following reasons, it is not expected that
transportation impacts associated with the movement of the [so-called] Uranium Material
by train and truck from Lakehurst to the Mill will be significant." This statement is
supported by a discussion of how the material will be shipped: "as'low specific activity'
(LSA) material in exclusive-use containers" that will be appropriately labeled, placarded,
manifested, tracked, surveyed, and decontaminated. The July 5 attempts to give further
supporting information by providing data from the State of Utah Department of
Transportation regarding the number of trucks per day traveling the stretch of road
between Monticello, Utah, and Blanding, Utah, and the number of average additional
trucks per week expected for the HMI material. Accident data is not presented.
The July 5 fails to mention that Moab, Utah, is not between Monticello and
Blanding, Utah--a pertinent oversight in the context of the present proceeding.
Would respectfully request that the Presiding Officer consider the above
discussion of the July 5 Amendment Request. The lack of even a reference in the July 5
to a relevant, realistic risk assessment which might be utilized by the Presiding Officer in
making a decision about standing represents a serious omission.
Petitioner has repeatedly shown in previous supplements that the radiotoxic
thoriated monazite source material, which the July 5 application refers to as "Uranium
l4
Material," is dangerous if not handled properly and has the potential to directly harm the
petitioner if allowed to be transported through downtown Moab, Utah.
The October 18,2000, First Supplement to Petitioner's August 9,2000, Request
for Hearing, pages 26-33, extensively discussed the fact that the July 5 application did not
completely, adequately, or accurately characteize the HMI thoriated monazite source
material. Petitioner provided quotes from data pertaining to the characterization and to
the radiological complexities of the HMI material that demonstrated that the HMI
material was not just "Uranium Material." See First Supplement to Petitioner's August 9,
2000, Request for Hearing, Sarah M. Fields, Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8, October 18,
2000.
Information regarding the health effects of the thoriated monazite source material
which contains radium-228 ("mesothorium" or "MsTh1" ), radon-220 ("thoron"), and
thorium-228 ("radiothorium" or " RdTh") was presented in Exhibit F of the October 18,
2000, First Supplement to Petitioner's August 9,2000, Request for Hearing. Some of the
information presented in Exhibit F is found in "The New Jersey Radium Dial Workers;
Seventy-five Years Later," by William D. Sharpe, M.D., Toxic Circles: Environmental
Hazards from the Workplace into the Community, Helen E. Sheehan and Richard P.
Wedeen, editors, 1994, Chapter 5, pages 138-167. That article states, in pertinent part:
226Ra ir an alkaline earth that decays by alpha and beta emission,
with some gamma rays, through a series of daughters that includes'uRr-
(radon), an inert noble gas, itself radioactive and decaying through a
number of daughters to stable lead. Table 5.2 diagrams the disintegration
pattems of 226Ra and 228Ra1MsThr). Although human bodies nor-ully
contain traces of radium from air, food and water, it is required in no
15
metabolic process. Quantities of 226Ra and 228Ra1MsTh1) involved in
clinical situations are so small that they are chemically negligible, and
merge with the body's calcium pool. Danger comes from accumulated
damage caused by radioactive decay product over years and decades.
Alpha particle radiation from internally deposited sources is always
nonhomogeneous, sometimes extremely so, but tissue damage is focal
because cells outside reach ofalpha particle tracts are not directly radiated.
[Pages 143,145.) [Footnote omiued.]
228Ra(MsTh1) is soluble in body fluids, deposits on bone surfaces
(periosteum and endosteum, and is diffusely deposited in bone mineral
through resorption and remodeling. A large fraction is excreted before
long-term storage occurs and one year after injection, only about 2.5
percent of the quantity inje-gled is retained. 226Ru and 228Ra1MsTh1) have
very similar behavior, but 228Ra1MsThr) in equilibrium with its
disintegration products is, in an acute dose, extremely toxic and in this
respect resembles plutonium and polonium rather than radium. However,
its half-life (5.75 years) is short enough that significant decrease in
radioactivity does g-ccur through physical decay, although the half-life
(55.6) seconds) of 220Rn (thoron) is so short that little is exhaled through
the lungs and therefore remains in the body. (For practical purposes,
thoron decays completely in about 5 minutes.) Another decay product,
"'Th(RdTh), seeks the organic matrix of bone rather than its crystalline
lattice, but 228Th1RdTh) has the chemical properties of thorium, not
radium. [Page 146.] [Footnote omitted.]
Because 228Ra1MsTh1) has a comparatively short half-life,
subsequent measurements of its activity contain large errors whereas 226Ra
is fairly accurately measured even decados later. Some of the workers
may, in addition, have ingested 228Th1RdTh), radiothorium, an element so
insoluble that absorp-tion was probably minimal. 228Ra1MsThr) in
equilibrium with its 228th1Rdih) emits 5 alpha particles to 226h.a's 4, but
has particles of greater velocity and penetration than "uku,hence it is
biologically more active and destructive than 226Ra. In man, the main
difference in dose effects is that more of the'z6kadaughters decay outside
the body,zRa (radon) being exhaled through the lungi, while practically
all of the 228Ra1MsTh1) daughters decay fairly close to the anatomic sites
where deposited. Maletskos et al. fed normal elderly men and women
volunteers mock radium paint containing 22aRaSOa, 23aTh1SO+)2, BaSO+
carrier and ZnS phosphor, and found intestinal absorption of about 20
pfJcent for 22aRa but only about 0.02 percent for 234Th, concluding that the
"'Ra(MsThr) in the real dial paint was unlikely to have contributed a
significant radiation dose ([ess than or equal to] 5 percent that of the
"oRu) to the dial painters'bones. Be that as it may "8Th1RdTh;,
t6
measured in dial painters most likely grew in from their 228Ra1MsTh11,
even though some 228Th1RdTh) may have been incorporated in the paint.
[Pages 146-147 .) [Footnote omitted.]
(I have omitted the footnotes. However, the footnotes in the text, the "References
and Notes" on pages 163-167 in the text, and the referenced Table 5.2 found onpage 144
of the text are all found in the reproduced article in Exhibit F of petitioner's October 18
First Supplement.)
2. The July 5 application was noticed in the Federal Reeister on July 17,2000,
and an opportunity for a hearing was allowed: "Notice of Receipt of Request from
Intemational Uranium (IUSA) Corporation to Amend Source Material License SUA-
1358 to Receive and Process Alternate Feed Materials Notice of Opportunity for
Hearing." See 65 Fed. Reg. 44078-44079, July 17,2000.
The July 17 Federal Register Notice ("FRN") states
This application will be reviewed using NRC formal guidance,
"Final Position and Guidance on the Use of Uranium Feed Material Other
Than Natural Ores" and the guidance contained in the Nuclear Regulatory
Commission's Memorandum and Order, International Uranium (IUSA)
Corp. CLI-00-01, (February 10, 2000).
The July 17 FRN stated that NRC staff would review the July 5 Amendment
Request using the NRC "Final Position and Guidance on the Use of Uranium Feed
Material Other Than Natural Ores" ("Final Position and Guidance"), which was published
in the Federal Register on September 22,1995 (60 Fed. Reg. 49296-4297). As it turns
t7
out NRC staff used another guidance in place of or, perhaps, in addition to the Final
Position and Guidance and CLI-00-01.
On December 29,2000, the NRC issued Amendment 18 to License No. SUA-
1358, approving IUSA's July 5 request to transport the HMI material through downtown
Moab, Utah for receipt, processing, and disposal at the White Mesa Mill.
The December 21,2000, Technical Evaluation Report accompanying the issuance
of Amendment 18 states that:
We have reviewed IUSA's request using our formal guidance, "Interim
Guidance on the Use of Uranium Mill Feed Material Other Than Natural
Ores" provided in the NRC Regulatory Issue Summary 2000-23 that was
mailed to uranium recovery licensees on November 30, 2000. [Page 1.]
NRC staff review of the July 5 apparently used various licensing criteria where
determining whether or not Amendment l8 should issue. When and where one set of
criteria (i.e., the September 22,1995, "Final Position and Guidance on the Use of
Uranium Feed Material Other Than Natural Ores" and the February 10, 2000, CLI-00-01
Commission Order) was utilized as opposed to another criteria (i.e. the November 30,
2000, "Interim Guidance on the Use of Uranium Mill Feed Material Other Then Natural
Ores") is unclear. The NRC staff changed the rules in mid-issuance.
The record ofthis proceeding as it has accrued thus far does not reveal that the
participants in the proceeding were notified that the additional, or replacement, criteria
contained in the November 30 "Interim Guidance on the Use of Uranium Mill Feed
Material Other Then Natural Ores" ("Alternate Feed Guidance") would be utilized in
l8
reviewing the July 5 application. To the best of petitioner's knowledge, there was no
FRN to that effect. Moreover there has been no board notification in this matter.
An understanding of the December 29,20A0, issuance of Amendment l8 to
Source Material License No. SUA-1358, presupposes a clear understanding of the
licensing criteria utilized by the licensing staff in reviewing the July 5 Amendment
Request, as supplemented.
There is no evidence on the record of the proceeding that these guidance have
been properly vetted. It is not appropriate here for the petitioner to be expected to go to
the merits of the various guidance utilized by the NRC staffin issuing Amendment 18,
however, petitioner should have an opportunity, if granted standing, to challenge any
unvetted guidance utilized by the NRC staffin reviewing the July 5 application.
Moreover, absent a proper rulemaking proceeding leading to the adoption by the
NRC of the September 22,1995 "Final Guidance" and the November 30, 2000,
"Altemative Feed Guidance," the "Final Guidance" and "Alternate Feed Guidance" are
lacking such codification are merely an NRC expression of legal opinion and engineering
judgement and, if necessary, can be challenged in the context of the present proceeding.
A reasonable person should be allowed fuither inquiry into the various guidance
implemented in the context of the present proceeding.
On September 14, 2000, a telephone conference between the participants in the
present proceeding was held (pursuant the September 12,2000, Presiding Officer's
Order). See Transcript of conference call, Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8, September 14,
2000.
t9
During the September 14, 2000, telephone conference, the Presiding Officer
Ms. Fields, let me ask you if you can be a little bit more specific
about why -- about the section, the specific section of the Atomic Energy
Act that would [not] allow for the transport of this particular material.
Petitioner replied, in pertinent part:
Yes, I do not believe that this is authorized ... it would take a long
time for me to lay this out and explain precisely why I do not believe that
this material is permiued to be process and disposed of by the Atomic
Energy Act and NRC regulation.
2. OnDecember 29,2000, the NRC staff issued "Amendment 18 to Materials
License SUA-I358 -- Approval to Receive and Process Alternate Feed Material from the
Heritage Minerals Site at the White Mesa Uranium Mill." The issuance contained a
forwarding letter ("Issuance Letter"); Source Material License SUA-1358, Amendment
No. I8 ("License"); and a Technical Evaluation Report ("TER") dated December 21,
2000. See Amendment 18, cited above.
The Issuance Letter, the License, and the TER refer to various other NRC records
upon which the issuance was based. These documents are a July 21,2000, TER and
license amendment; a November 16, 2000, supplement to the original July 5 Amendment
Request; a November 30, 2000, NRC "Interim Guidance on the Use of Uranium Mill
Feed Material Other Than Natural Ores;" and a December 18, 2000, supplement to the
original July 5 Amendment Request.
The October 18, 2000, was served on the parties by the petitioner on February 6,
2000, and by IUSA, along with the November 16,2000, on February 8, 2000.
The December 18, 2000, supplements the original July 5 amendment request.
The December 18 is referenced in the License No. SUA-1358 issued on December 29,
2000, at License Condition 10.16. That new license condition states:
The licensee is authorizedto receive and process source material
from the Heritage Minerals Incorporated site, in accordance with
statements, representations, and commitments contained in the amendment
request dated July 5, 2000, and as supplemented by submittals November
16,2000, and December 18, 2000. [Page 8.]
In response to an off -the-record NRC staff request for additional information, on
Decembgr 15, 2000, IUSA submitted to the NRC a letter enclosing draft Standard
Operating Procedures (SOPO entitled "High Thorium Content Ore Management." See
letter from Ms. Michelle R. Rehmann, IUSA to Mr. Philip Ting, NRC, December 15,
2000.
On December 18, 2000, the final version of the SOPs was submitted to the NRC
under cover of a letter characterized as "Supplemental Information Regarding April 12,
2000 Amendment Request to Process an Alternate Feed Material from W.R. Grace at the
White Mesa Uranium Mill, Source Material License SUA-1358." .&g letter from Ms.
Michelle R. Rehmann, IUSA, to Mr. Philip Ting, NRC, December 18,2000. (The
December 18 can be found as Exhibit A to petitioner's February 2,0001, Third
Supplement.)
2l
It should be noted that, although characterized as a supplement to an April 12,
2000, IUSA license amendment request seeking NRC approval of the receipt and
processing of material from the W.R. Grace site, Chattanooga, Tennessee, the December
18 also supplements the July 5, 2000, application pertaining to the receipt and processing
of thoriated monazite source material from the HMI's, Lakehurst, New Jersey, site.
The December 18 supplement is referenced in the December 21,2000, TER that
accompanied the December 29 issuance of Amendment l8 responsive to the July 5
Amendment Request. The December 27 TER states:
INRC staff has] reviewed IUSA's request using our formal guidance,
"Interim Guidance ... November 30, 2000. A concern was raised
regarding the need for special handling procedures due to the high thorium
content of the material. This was addressed by the licensee, by letter dated
December 18, 2000.
The December 2l technical, or safety, evaluation does not state in what regulatory
context "a concern was raised regarding the need for special handling procedures due to
the high thorium content of' the monazite source material proposed to be transported
through downtown Moab, Utah, for receipt, processing, and disposal at IUSA's White
Mesa Mill.
The December l8 "Standard Operating Procedures: High Thorium Content Ore
Management" states:
The following procedure applies to acceptance of alternate feed
material(s) which International Uranium (USA Corporation (IUSA)
determines to potentially contain levels of thorium that require that special
procedures be followed, which are over and above those required for
conventional ores or other altemate feed materials. Potential alternate
feed materials undergo pre-acceptance evaluation by the IUSA ALRA
Committee. Material(s) which the ALARA Committee determines require
22
such special procedures will be designated as "High Thorium-Content"
(or, "HTC") materials.
It should be noted that specific NRC criteria upon which a determination is to be
made as to whether or not a material is of "High Thorium Content" is lacking at this time.
Apparently, the licensee will establish the criteria on an ad hoc basis. The petitioner has
problems with such a procedure
The determination as to whether or not special handling procedures pursuant the
December l8 SOPs would be implemented for the HMI radiotoxic thoriated monazite
material are to be made at the White Mesa Mill. Moreover, that determination would be
made after the HMI radiotoxic material has been transported through downtown Moab,
Utah.
Petitioner would take exception to such an after-the-fact determination.
Petitioner would prefer that any determination as to whether or not it is necessary
to implement the special handling procedures for the HMI thoriated monazite source
material be made before such HMI be transported through downtown Moab, Utah.
Any implementation of the determination discussed above would occur after the
HMI radiotoxic material has been transported through downtown Moab, Utah. Petitioner
would take exception to such after-the-fact implementation.
Petition would prefer that implementation of SOPs for high thorium-content
material procedures take place prior to the transportation of the HMI radiotoxic material
through downtown Moab, Utah.
23
The SOPs do not state that an uncontrolled spill of HTC material during
transportation through downtown Moab, Utah, (as opposed to a controlled spill into the
hopper on-site at White Mesa or a controlled spill into the intermodal on-site at
Lakehurst) would be handled in an appropriate manner. The SOPs would not provide
effective health and safety oversight.
Intermodal controlled spills of HTC, of necessity, will occur at NRC licensed sites
and require special SOPs. An uncontrolled spill of the HMI monazite material in
downtown Moab, Utah, would result in a unique health and safety hazard to myself if not
handled according to special SOPs. Such off-site SOPs must of necessity conform to
criteria required to be more conservative than NRC on-site criteria.
The October l8 SOPs demonstrate that the NRC staff, with IUSA's concurrence,
has determined that alternative feed materials containing a "High Thorium-Content"
require special procedures at the White Mesa Mill in order to be protective of the
environment and the health and safety of the employees and the public. IUSA has, in
fact, determined that special procedures are required "due to the likelihood of higher
concentrations of thoron [radon-220, a decay product of thorium-232] and other
radiological dangers during HTC processing." See "Standard Operating Procedures:
High Thorium Content Ore Management," page2, December 18,2000.
The institution of special, more stringent, requirements forthe handling of high
thorium-content materials at the White Mesa Mill, applicable to the HMI material, clearly
substantiate petitioner's concern that there are radiological dangers present in the HMI
24
material that are unique and must be addressed during the transportation of HMI thoriated
monazite sotuce material
4. On January 9,200l,IUSA submitted "International Uranium (USA)
Corporation's Opposition to Sarah M. Fields Request for Reconsideration ("Opposition to
Request for Reconsideration"). This submittal was filed in response to petitioner's
"Request That the Presiding Officer Reconsider November 24,2000, Order (Denying
Petitioner's Requests to File Additional Materials)" and "Second Supplement to
Petitioner's August 9,2000, Request for Hearing."
IUSA's January 9 Opposition to Request for Reconsideration includes
supplementary information contained in an "Affidavit of Douglas Chambers"
("Affidavit") dated December 22, 2000.
Or. CtramUers Affidavit incorrectly dismisses the inhalation and ingestion
pathways of thorium-23Z andprogeny as unimportant. Dr. Chambers ignores the facts
regarding the impact of thorium-232 andprogeny on the human body.
Information presented by Dr. Chambers'Affidavit , particularly information
regarding whether or not the thorium-232 andprogeny contained in the HMI thoriated
monazite material presents unique health, safety, and environmental hazards, is
substantively contradicted by the new information contained in the "Standard Operating
Procedures: High Thorium Content Ore Management," submitted to the NRC in the
December 18 supplement to IUSA's July 5 Amendment Request.
25
The December 18 SOPs clearly indicate those special procedures are necessary
for the handling of the HMI monazite material because that material presents unique
radiotoxic hazards.
There is a reason for this. The petitioner enjoys residing and sojourning in the
vicinity of the proposed thoriated-monazite-material -transportation corridor. In the
event cumulative or prompt spillage, as has been stated in an earlier supplement,
petitioner would, out of an abundance of caution, avoid and thus be excluded from that
transportation corridor.
Petitioner while residing or sojourning, in the event of such a spillage would find
herself at the business end of an ingestion or inhalation pathway. Ultimately, those
pathways would seek out, for example, the deep recesses of petitioner's lungs. It is well
known that thoron (radon-220) and thoron progeny penetrate deep into the lungs as free
ions, which are often attached to particulates including aerosols, and such aerosols enjoy
long residence time in the lunes with resultant radiotoxic insult. Petitioner does not wish
to be thus insulted. See Thorium: Its Industrial Hygiene Aspects, by Roy E. Albert, New
York, 1966. pages 90-91, at 5. ("The Fate of Inhaled Thoron and Radon Decay
Products").
Sarah M. Fields
February 20,2001
Moab, Utah
27
III. Conclusion
On July l7 the NRC published a notice in the Federal Reeister announcing the
receipt of a July 5, 2000, request from IUSA to amend its source material license to
receive and process "alternate feed material" and noticing an opportunity for a hearing.
Petitioner responded to that FRN with a request for hearing on August 9,2000.
Subsequent to the July 5 Amendment Request and the July 17 FRN, significant
supplemental information regarding the original July 5 application has accrued.
Petitioner has not been given a fair opportunity to address this supplemental information.
As discussed above, at II. I . and2.,IUSA presented supplemented the original
Amendment Request in the context of the present proceeding on September 14, 2000, and
November 13, 2000. It would be unreasonable for the petitioner to be required to
respond to the technical and other factual information contained in such supplements on
such short notice as has been allowed. Petitioner has exercised due diligence in seeking
to address these supplements. Petitioner should have had a 30-day opportunity to address
these supplements. Petitioner sought to address these supplements (within the 30-day
time period) by filings dated October 26,2000, and December 5,2000. It would be
unreasonable to expect or require a more rapid-fire response. See First Supplement,
October 26,2000, and Second Supplement, December 5,2000, cited above.
As discussed above, at II.3., on December 29,2000, NRC staff issued
Amendment 18 to Source Material License SUA-1358, in response to IUSA's July 5
28
Amendment Request, as supplemented. Petitioner should be granted a 30-day
opportunity to address the issuance of Amendment 18.
As discussed above, at IL3. B. and D., supplements to the original application
were submitted to NRC staff by IUSA on November 16, 2000, and December 18, 2000.
Petitioner was made aware of these supplements to the original application on January
27,2000. Given the discussion at II.3.B. and D., petitioner should be granted a 30-day
opportunity within which to address these supplements to the original July 5 Amendment
Request.
As discusses above, at II. 3. A., issues related to the July 5 amendment request
were addressed by a July 21,2000, issuance of an amendment and TER. Given the
discussion at II.3.A., petitioner should be granted a 30-day opportunity to address the
July 21,2000, issuance and the application, of unknown date, that prompted that
issuance.
As discussed above, at II. 3.C., the NRC issued a new "Interim Guidance on the
Use of Uranium Mill Feed Material Other Than Natural Ores," on November 30, 2000.
This "Interim Guidance" was used by the NRC staff in its review of the July 5
Amendment Request, as supplemented. Given the discussion at II.3.C., petitioner should
be granted a 30-day opportunity to address the "Interim Guidance."
As discussed above, atll.4., in the context of the present proceeding IUSA
supplemented its July 5 Amendment Request on January 9, 20001, with an Affidavit
from Dr. Douglas Chambers. Given the discussion at II.4., petitioner should be granted a
30-day opportunity to address Dr. Chambers'Affidavit.
Petitioner requests that the December 29,2000, issuance of Amendment l8 be
served on the participants in the present proceeding.
Petitioner requests that the November 16, 2000, supplement to IUSA's July 5
Amendment Request be served on the participants in the proceeding.
Petitioner requests that the Iuly 21,2000, amendment issuance and TER and the
application for that amendment be served on the participants in the present proceeding.
Petitioner requests that the November 30, 2000, NRC "Interim Guidance on the
Use of Uranium Mill Feed Material Other Than Natural Ores" be served on the
participants in the present proceeding.
Petitioner request that petitioner be granted a 30-day opportunity to respond to
each NRC record, as outlined above, that supplements IUSA's original July 5, 2000,
Amendment Request. Each 30-day time period should start the day petitioner actually
has in hand that particular record and has information that that particular record was
supplemental to the original July 5 application.
Given the above, petitioner would request such relief, beyond that requested
above, that the Presiding Officer deems to be appropriate.
Sarah M. Fields
Dated at Moab, Utah
February 2,2001
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I
UMTED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMIS SION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSTNIG BOARD PANEL
Before Administrative Judges:
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Dr. Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
IN THE MATTER OF:
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA)
CORPORATION
(Source Material License Amendment)
Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8
ASLBP No. 00-782-08-MLA
February 20,2001
IF
*
*
*
*
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*
INTERNATTONAL URANIUM (USA) CORPORATION',S OPPOSITION TO
SARAH M. FIELDS' THIRD SUPPLEMENT TO REQIIEST FOR HEARING
I. DISCUSSION
International Uranium (USA) Corporation ("IUSA") respectfully files this Opposition to
Petitioner, Sarah M. Fields' ("Petitioner") Third Supplement to Request for Hearing dated
February 2,2001, in accordance with the Presiding Officer's Order Setting Deadlines for Final
Filings on Standing dated February 6,2001(the "Order"). After voluminous briefing over a
period of more than seven months, Petitioner has failed to demonstrate that she has suffered any
"concrete and particulaized injury that is: l) actual or imminent; 2) caused by, or fairly traceable
to, an act that the litigant challenges in the instant litigation; and 3) redressable by the court."r
I Florida Audubon Society v. Bentsen, 94 F.3d 658, 663 (D.C. Cir. 1996) (en banc) (citations
omitted).
Similarly, Petitioner's allegations fail to demonstrate any future harm that is "threatened,
certainly impending, and real and immediate," as required by NRC precedent to establish injury-
in-fact. 2 Corseqrently, after nearly seven months of costly litigation and Petitioner's numerous
lengthy filings, most in utter disregard for the rules intended to provide orderly governance of
these proceedings, Petitioner has not demonstrated standing entitling her to a hearing on IUSA's
request for a license amendment permitting IUSA's White Mesa Mill to receive and process
monazite sands from the Heritage Minerals, Inc. ("HMI") facility in Lakehurst, New Jersey.
Petitioner's most recent filing, "Third Supplement to Petitioner's August9,2000,
Request for Hearing," filed on February 2,2OOl,is simply the latest in a long series of filings in
which Petitioner, unable to articulate any harm or particularized risk of harm to herself, offers
twenty-plus pages of misguided attempt at argument on the "merits" coupled with requests for
additional documents and additional time and opportunity to make additional filings. Like the
filings that preceded it, Petitioner's February 2,2001filing demonstrates no injury-in-fact to
establish standing in support of Petitioner's request for hearing. Thus, Petitioner's request for
hearing must be denied and this proceeding terminated.
As has been discussed at some length, and particularly in the affidavits of Mr. Ron
Hochstein and Dr. Douglas Chambers previously offered in this proceeding by IUSA, the HMI
monazite sands here at issue are relatively innocuous materials, posing significantly less safety
risk than many other materials regularly transported through Moab (and, indeed, through towns
and cities all over the United States). Transportation of hazardous materials, be those
radiologically active materials, biohazardous materials, toxic, reactive, or corrosive chemicals,
2 Babcock & Wilcox,LBP-93-4, 1993 NRC Lexis 6,**7-8 (1993).
I
explosive gases, or gasoline and other extremely flammable products, is a routine feature of
modern life, in the United States and around the world. If the mere fact of this transportation
were sufficient to support standing for anyone living, working, or traveling along the
transportation routes for these products, commercial and industrial life would.be halted, as
anyone who disapproved of the subject activity would demand a hearing on their request that the
activity be stopped. The undesirability of this outcome fuels the rationale underlying the concept
of standing.
In this same vein, ruSA submits that this proceeding's increasing focus on the
comparative radioactivity of the feeds to the White Mesa Mill is inapposite. A petitioner does
not establish injury in support of standing merely by showing that a particular shipment of
material is more radioactive than other shipments. As IUSA has noted before (and as the
Presiding Officer, no doubt, is well aware), NRC and DOT have developed regulations
governing the safe transport of all manner of radioactive materials, including those, such as spent
fuel, that pose a far greater potential radioactive hazard than any of the feed materials that may
be processed at the White Mesa Mill. The NRC previously has determined that "the
environmental impacts, radiological as well as non-radiological, of both the normal
transportation of radioactive materials and of the risk and consequent environmental impacts
attendant on accidents involving radioactive material shipments were sufftciently small that
shipments by all modes of transport should be allowed to continue . . . . transportation of
radioactive materials in accord with NRC and DOT regulations will not have a significant
adverse impact on the environment."3
3 +9 F"d. Fteg,9374-75, March 12,1984.
IUSA's shipment of the HMI monazite sands, or any other feed material, in compliance
with applicable DOT regulations,a by itself supports a finding that the tnrck transport of the
monazite sands or other material through Moab is safe per se. Petitioner has offered no
evidence, nor even alleged, that IUSA's transportation of radiologically activg materials through
Moab fails to comply with applicable regulations or that transportation of the HMI materials will
not comply with such regulations. Indeed, Petitioner has failed to demonstrate that
transportation of the HMI monazite sands poses any particular risk to her beyond that posed by
numerous other commercial and industrial activities occurring in and around Moab every day.
II. CONCLUSION
IUSA respectfully requests that this proceeding be terminated. Unable to demonstrate
any injury-in-fact in support of standing, Petitioner has for nearly seven months turned this
informal Subpart L proceeding to determine standing into a protracted hearing on the substantive
merits of the case. This is inappropriate and is unfair to IUSA, which has a right to conduct its
legitimate business in compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. Petitioner has seized
on the happenstance that the HMI monazite sands contain a high concentration of thorium
relative to uranium content as somehow presenting some potential to cause her some unknown
harm. As discussed in IUSA's prior submissions, Petitioner simply is wrong. The higher
concentration of thorium relative to uranium present in the monazite sands essentially is
meaningless where, as here, the absolute radioactivity and the total volume of material is low
relative to other materials routinely processed at the Mill. Moreover, the HMI materials will be
4 Petitioner's stated concerns regarding IUSA"s thorium SOPs, adequacy of Mill cell space, and NRC's "Interim
Guidance on the Use of Uranium Mill Feed Material Other Than Natural Ores," also are misplaced. These
issues/documents have no bearing on Petitioner's concerns relating to transportation of the HMI materials
through Moab and, thus, are irrelevant to Petitioner's attempt to demonstrate standing.
I
transported in compliance with all applicable NRC and DOT regulations, and there exists no
credible exposure scenario resulting in any actual hazard to public health.
Petitioner has been afforded every opporflrnity to demonstrate that she is at some risk of
particularized harm by IUSA's license amendment to receive and process the HMI monazite
sands; she repeatedly has failed to make such a demonstration. Accordingly, ruSA respectfully
requests that Petitioner's Request for Hearing be denied and that this proceeding be terminated.
Respectfully submitted this 20th day of February,200l.
SHAW PITTMAN
Anthony J. Thompson
Frederick S. Phillips
2300 N Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20037
[phone]
COUNSEL TO INTERNATIONAL
URANTUM (USA) CORPORATTON
Document #: 1 079978 v.1
I'NITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGI,]LATORY COMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD PANEL
Before Administrative Judges:
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Dr. Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
IN THE MATTER OF:
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA)
CORPORATION
(Source Material License Amendment)
Docket No. 40-868 I -MLA-8
ASLBP No. 00-782-08-MLA
February 20,2001
tl
{.
*
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*
rt
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CERTIFICATF' OF SERIr'ICF
I hereby certiff that I caused true and complete copies of the foregoing International
Uranium (USA) Corporation's Opposition To Sarah M. Fields' Third Supplement to Request for
Hearing in the above-captioned matter to be served, by electronic mail to the individuals
indicated by an asterisk, by courier to.Offrce of Rulemakings and Adjudication and also by first-
class, postage prepaid mail on this 20th day of Feboary,200l to:
The Honorable G. Paul Bollwerk, III
Chief Judge
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Two White Flint North
11545 Rockville Pike
Mail Stop T-3 F23
Rockville, MD 20852
Office of the Secretary *
Attn: Rulemakings and
Adjudication Staff
One White Flint North
I1555 Rockville Pike
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Rockville, Maryland 20852
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Office of the General Counsel
I1555 Rockville Pike
Rockville, MD 20852
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel
One White Flint North
I1555 Rockville Pike
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Rockville, Maryland 20852
I't
Office of Rulemakings and
Adjudication
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
11555 Rockville Pike
Rockville, MD 20852
Administrative Judge *
Ann Marshall Young
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Mail Stop T-3-F23
Washington, D.C. 20555-000 I
Sarah M. Fields *
P.O. Box 143
Moab, UT 84532
Administrative Judge
Dr. Charles N. Kelber
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Mail Stop T-3 F23
Washington, D.C. 20555-000 I
SHAW PITTMAN
2300 N Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20037
COUNSEL TO INTERNATIONAL
URANTUM (USA) CORPORATION
Document#:1080021 v.l
ShawPittman
A ttu Partnenhig ltcludiag Pm;fessioml Cotpototiorc
Fnroentcx S. Prrtrrrs
202.563.8877
frcdefi [e-mail]
FEB 13 RESII
February 8,2001
VIA FACSIMILE & OVERNIGIIT MAIL
Administrative Judge
Ann Marshall Young
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Mail Stop T-3-F23
Washington, D.C. 20555-0001
Re: International Uranium (USA) Corporation
Dear Honorable Judge Young:
Pursuant to your order dated February 6,2001, enclosed please find the letter dated
November 16, 2000 (Operating Procedure for Determination of Available Tailings Capacity)
and the letter dated December 18,2000 (Supplemental Information Regarding April 12,2000
Amendment Request to Process an Alternate Feed Material from W.R. Grace at the White
Mesa Uranium Mill Source Material License SUA-I358). Under copy of this transmittal
Ietter, copies of the aforementioned letters have also been sent for overnight delivery to the
Petitioner, Sarah Fields.
Copies ofeach have been served on counsel ofrecord as indicated in the enclosed
certificate of service.
r
Frederick S. Phillips
Enclosures
cc:Offrce of Rulemakings and Adjudication
David Frydenlund
Sincerely,
23OO N Street, NW Washington, DC 20037- I I 28 202.663.8000 Fax:.[phone]_0-07
Washington, DC
New York
t-o1d9n -www.showpittmon.com
INTSnNATIoNAL
UneNlur',t (use)
ConponenoN
lndependence Plaza, suite 950. 1050 Seventeenth Street .Denver, CO 80265 . 303 628 7798 (main) . 303 389 I25 (fa:r)
November 16,2000
Mr. Wiltiam von Till, Proiect Manager
Fuel Cycle Licensing Branch
U.S. Nuclear Rqgulatory Commission
Mail StoP T'tA33
Washington, D.C.20555
Re: Operating Procedure for Determination of Available Tailings Capaclty
Dear Mr. von Till:
Amendment 15 to the white Mesa Mill Source Material License No. SUA-1358 regarding the revision to
tfrr ir"f".rrion Plan, revised License Condition 9.1I sates the following:
.The final reclamation shall be in accordance with the May, 1999, Reclamation Plan Revision
2.0, Attachment A submined on June 22, 1999, and Rwision 3.0 submitted on July 7, 2000, and
jri,li,lOO0. prior to the placement ofalternate feed material, the licensee shall determine that
adequate cell space is available for rhat additional material. This determination shall be made by
a SEnP aPProved Procedure."
A copy of the draft procedure for determining whether sufficient tailTs:,*lfflv"::19:1Yf"rf:*::3
il#;i; Ir u
.conr"n
ional ore -o *"I sent to you on August I l, 2000-for^comment. However,
' AAAA l- ^ -^--t.lffiffiffi,"r,i in"auled to be received at the white lvtesa Mitl on Sepember 25,2000. As 1 result"
-:- -:- ^ ---.
comments from You.
please find attached the SERP approved copy of the procedure, which was implemented prior fo +e
,frp, ;iril Linde material. Alio atracted-is a blacktine copy illustrating the changes made by the
SERP. We would appreciate any comments you may have regarding this procedure. However, ruiless wo
hear otherwise from you, *. wiil continue to implement the piocedure in the form attached to this lcfier'
If vou have any questions regarding the attached or requireany further information please do not hesitate
;'";;; -. "t
(f0f1389-4153, orby e-mail at [e-mail]'
Sincerely,Z
Ron F. Hochstein
President & C.E.O.
RFII
Attachments
cc: David C. FrYdenlund
Michelle R. Rehmann
\.
1.0 Esgels:
The u. S. Nuclear Regulatory commission (NRc)-licenT fot the white Mesa uranium mill
(Mr) is a perform-.J-grrilicense (pBii ftre pgl alows International uranium (usA)
Corporation 1"ruSe;jio er"tuate anf imptement-certain changes in the licensed operation
without applyrng roi and receiving a format amendment to tlre Nnc ficense. The following
;;;;-i itri"t ilo.pr to folliw when accepting additional conventional ore or dternate
feed materials, to .nrrr"ih"t the currently permiled *P"tity of !h9 Tailings Management
Syston is not exceeded. This Standara Oi"oting Proceiure (SOP) is as per the MII'sNRC
License.
2.0
whenever the Mll is considering receiving conventional ore, I u2) material, or an alternate
feed, the capacity of the Mill iailings Slstem will have to be determined to ensure that
sufficient vorume is available to store the irojeaellncrementar vorumes oftailings material,
as well as the projected volumes of waste'materiar fiom final reclamation oftheMll facility,
based on the approved Recramation ptan. This evaruation wilr be performed by the Mll
Manager, or his designee, and approved by the President ofIUSA or his designee'
The procedure for determining whether there is zufficient capacity is described as follows and
do"ur"n,.d on the attached Tailings Capacity Form'
Z.l For the first evaluatiorq the base volume ('BV') available will be bascd on the
capacity stated in the Tailings Capacity Evaluation report submitted to the NRC
May15,2000(acopyofwhichisattached).Foreachsubsequentevaluatioqthe
previous evaluation'o,itt proart" a remainlng tailings capacity value, which will
become the BV.
2.2 Mill Management will maintain a Tailings capacity Evaluation Record c'TcER',) boolq
in which all evaluation forms -a *pp'onini caliulations will be maintained' Refer to
the TECR to obtain the BV value to u" rria in each subsequent evaluation.
2.3 The volume of tailings discharged to the active tailings cells,between.the date of the
BV and the evaluatiJn date *itt U" estimated based on the Mll's production reports'
2.4 The amount of Mill site trash disposed of in the tailings system "'i[ -bt determined'
The number of loads of trash t autea between the date of the BV and the evaluation
date will be taken fiom the Garbage Log'
Page I of2INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA) CORPORATION
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
Title Tailings Capacity Evaluation
No.: PBL-3
Rev. No.: R-0
Date: SePtember 25,
Page? of 2INTERNATIONAL IIRAI.{II'M (USA) CORPORATION
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDTJRES
Title: Tailings Capacity Evaluation
No.: PBL-3
Rev. No.: R-0
Date: SePtember 25,
2000
2.5 The amount of ll(e).2 in-situ waste material deposited-into the tailings system
between the date ottt. BV and the evaluation date will be summafized' The
qr"",iii* of material will be listed by supplier and will be based on the Scale House
Weigh Tickets from each shiPment.
The BV, minus the quantities in items 2.3,2.4 and 2.5 ab_o19, will become thg gurrent
oitirg. capacity. fhis number will be used as the BV (item 2.1 above) for the
subsequent evaluation.
The amount of alternate feed material or conventional ore committed to be processed
.nJ arporited into the tailings system will be summarized. The morimum projected
qru*i i.r of material wifl b; fisted by supplier and stated in dry tonq i'e' less the
estimated moisture content.
The sum of the quantities estimated in item 2.7 above will be subtracted from the
current tailings *p.ti,y calculated in item 2.6 above, to determine the remaining
capacity available'
2.6
2.7
2.8
€NN*a*t
ne*+le':4
Date.Atgust{&
2e00
TNTERNATIONAL URANIUM (usA) coRPo4i{TIONNo.: PBL-3
REr. No.: R-0
Date: SePlember 25.
1.0 h:ngss:
ffi;;;?rJ"a. This Standard op"*tinq lrocedule (sop) is as per }IRGlieenselbe
J ---r\1- r( l^.^I f'.1.''1 at1nn/A ^lnvaifihe
The U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRc) license for the white Mesa uranium mill
Mll) is a perform-"i-grr"d License (pBL). ThepBL allows International uranium (usA)
Eurt'orution ("USa;jto .rutu.t" andimpiement certain changes in the licensed operation
without applyng roi ana receiving a formal amendment to the NRc license. The following
pro"J*" irtrirt,i.'o"pr to foll-ow when accepting additionat conventional ore or alternate
feed materials, to .rrup th.t the currently permitted capacity of the Tailin_gs Management
License.
2.0 TailinssCapacitvDeterminationProcedure:
Whenever the Mill is considering proeessingrecelyllg conventional ore*-l-!-d2)-material' or
an alternate feed, the capacity Jf Ure Mill Tailings System will have to be dAermined to
ensure that sufficient volume ii available to store G p-j.rted incremental volumes oftailings
material, as well asthe projeaed volumes of waste rn"tiri.t from final reclamation of theMll
faclity, based on tt..iprlved Recramation plan. This evaruation will be performed by the
Uiff ft{.neger, or his designee, and approved by the President of IUSA or his-deslenee'
The procedure for determining whether there is sufficient capacity is described as follows and
documented on the attached Tailings Capacity Form'
2.1 For the first evaluatioq the base volume ('BV',) available will be based on the
capacity stated in the Tailings Capacity Evatuation report submitted to the NRC
May 15, ZOOO ta copy of wfidr is attactred). For each subsequent evaluation' the
previous evaluation'will produce a remaining tailings capacity value. which will
become the BV.
Hz.z r,itfi Management will maintain a Tailings capacity Evaluation Record
('IE€P)Cboolq in which all evaluation forms and supporting
ffi wil be maintained. Refer to the TECR to obtain the BV
vatue to be used in each subsequent evaluation'
Ne-+raft-l
Re*+Io":4
Date':-Auguct-l+
2eo0
TNIERNA+I€ esl
ST/f{DAED EPEN.ATtr.IG PREEEDURES
ien
w
No.: PBL-3
Rev. No.: R-0
Date: SePtember 25.
2000
TNTERNATI ONAL IJRAIIIUM (USA) CORPOMTION
STA].{DARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
Title: Tailings Capacity Evaluation
Page 2 pi[
2.3 The volume of tailings discharged to the active tailings cells between the date of the
BV and the evaluation date will be estimated based on the Mll's production re,ports.
The amount of Mill site trash disposed of in the tailings system will be determined-
The number of loads of trash hauled between the date ofthe BV and the evaluation
date will be taken from the Garbage Log.
The amount of ll(e).2 in-situ waste material deposited into the tailings system
between the date of the BV and the evaluation date will be summarized. The
quantities of material will be listed by supplier and will be based on the Scale House
Weigh Tickas from each shiPment.
The BV, minus the quantities in items 2.3,2.4and 2.5 above, will become the current
tailings capacity. ftris number will be used as the BV (item 2.1 above) for the
subsequent evaluation.
The amount of alternate feed material or conventional ore committed to be processed
and deposited into the tailings system will be summarized. The mar<imum projeaed
quantities of material will be listed by supplier and stated in dry tons, i.e. less the
estimated moisture content.
The sum of the quantities estimated in item 2.7 abovq will be subtracted from the
current tailings Capacity calculated in item 2.6 above, to determine the remaining
capacity available.
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.8
INrunNerloNAL
UneNtur',t (use)
ConponertoN
plaza Suite 950 . 1050 Seventeen$ Street . Denver, CO 80265 . 303 628 7798 (main) ' 303 389 eI25 (fax)
December 18,2000
Philip Ting, Branch Chief
Cycle and Safety and Safeguards Branch
of Fuel Cycle Licensing
ofNuclear Material Safety and Safeguards
U.S Nuclear Regulatory Commission
2 ite Flint North
11 5 Rockville Pike, Mail Stop T-7J9
le, MD 20852
Supplemental Information Regarding April 12,2000 Amendment Request to Process an
Alternate Feed Material from W.R. Grace at the White Mesa Uranium Mill
Sowce Material License SUA-1358
Mr. Ting:
Uranium (USA) Corporation ("IUSA') hereby submits the enclosed final
, following IUSA discussions with NRC staffregarding the subject license amendment
As indicated in our transmittal of the draft procedure on December 15, 2000, this
is submitted in response to the NRC's request that IUSA provide specific practices
that be applied to management of the material fiom the W.R. Grace facility; however, this
is intended to be applied to acceptance of any alternate feed material(s) which IUSA
ines to potentially contain levels of thorium that require that special procedures, over and
those required for conventional ores or other alternate feed materials, be applied.
on our discussion today
draft procedure was
of the SOP ar this time.
Grace amendment request.
with Mr. von Till of NRC Statr, IUSA understands that the
acceptable to NRC; therefore, IUSA is transmitting the final
IUSA looks forward to your staffs completion of reviewing the
As always,l can be reached at 303.389.4131.
Sincerely,2::;2ltu
Michelle R. Rehmann
Environmental Manager
Ting
18,2000
Ronald E. Berg
William N. Dcal
David C. Frydenlund
Ron F. Hochstein
William SinclairAIDEQ
William von TillNRC
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
Title: High Thorium Content Ore ManagementRev. No.: R-0
Date: December 18,
2000
1.0 Puroose
The following procedure applies to acceptance of altemate feed material(s) which
Internationa Uianlum (USAi Corporation (USA) determines to potentially contain
levels of thorium that require that ipecial procedures be followed, which are over and
ubor" those required for conventional ores or other alternate feed materials- Potential
alternate feed materials undergo pre-acceptance evaluation by the IUSA ALARA
Committee. Material(s) which ttre aLene Committee determines require such special
p*a*"r will be deiignated as "High Thorium-Content" (or, "HTC") materials' This
iio".a*" may be "-.nd"d, subject to approval by IUSA's Safety and Environmental-R"ri"* panel (SERP) from time- to time, as appropriate to incorporate information and
results obtained from the evaluation of health physics surveys, monitoring and controls
implemented pursuant to keeping radiological exposures to emPloyees, the public and the
.nriron*"nt As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA)'
The methods set forth in this Standard Operating Procedure (SOP) are based on the
assumption that the HTC material(s) will be delivered to the White Mesa Mill in 20-ton
intermoaA containers (IMCs). Should the delivery method be modified, ruSA will
revise this SOP to address the selected mode of delivery'
2.0 Ore Receiving
For material receiving procedures, see Section 2.0 of White Mesa Mill SOP PBL-I, rev.
No. R-l ,lnrermodal Container Acceptance, Handling and Release.
3.0 Ore Dumpine
1. After the IMC has been dropped off in the Restricted Area, connect the Bartlett
tipper to the chassis with a loaded IMC and transport across the truck scales.
after weighing the IMC, move the tipper and chassis onto the ore storage pad.
2. Enter the loaded weight of the IMC on the IMC SWT'
3. Remove the tarp on the back of the IMC and open the tailgate.
4. Durnp the material in the IMC onto the ore storage pad'
5. After all material has been removed from the IMC, transport the empty IMC back
across the scales for an empty weight.
6. Record the empty weight on the appropriate IMC SWT'
7. At the end of each day, tum in outbound SWT to Mill Records Manager.
S lMRRVnillsopsVrtcrv0 I 2 I 800fi nalbymn.doc
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
Title: High Thorium Content Ore Management
Rev. No.: R-0
Date: December 18,
2000
8.
9.
ll.
12.
10.
The Mill Records Manager will fill out a Daily Materials Receipts form to obtain
the net weight of the material in each IMC.
After weighing the IMC, the Bartlett tipper will deposit the IMC in a designated
area, within the Restricted Are4 for decontamination.
Use a front-end loader or similar equipment to push material into the designated
ore lot pile.
Stockpile size will not exceed 200 tons or l0 containers.
Once an ore lot pile is complete, label the pile with the appropriate ore lot
number, and cover with reinforced plastic.
Gross alpha air sampling will be performed continuously, as indicated in Section
7.1(6) of this SOP, during initial phases of material receipt in orderto determine
the exact frequency of monitoring and the required PPE to be used. A Radiation
Work Permit (R\lP) will be issued during the initial receipt of HTC feed
material(s). The RWP will list the health physics controls, required personal
protective equipment, monitoring, and survey requirements necessary to assess
the radiological exposure potential to employees operating utder the RWP. The
air sampling data collected, as described in Section 7.1 of this SOP, will also be
among the data used to ensure that the stabilization methods listed below are
adequate.
Dust suppression measures will include the following:
a. Application of stabilizing agent(s) to the piles (for example
magnesium chloride or similar material), either prior to or in
addition to being covered.
b. All piles will be wet down at least once per day until such time that
they are covered.c. All completed stockpiles will be covered with reinforced plastic.
d. All stockpiles will be inspected at least once per day to ensure the
integrity of the covering.
e. In the event of wind speeds in excess of 20 MPH, all dumping
activities will cease immediately.
4.0 Radiation Monitorine durins Ore Processing
Due to the Iikelihood of higher concentrations of thoron and other radiological dangers
during HTC ore processing, the following monitoring methodologies will be followed
13.
14.
S:\MRR\millsops\htcrv0 I 2 I 800finalbymn.doc
INERNATNALURaUUU (USA) CORPoRATION
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
Title: High Thorium Content Ore Management
Rev. No.: R-0
Date: December 18,
2000
while processing HTC mill feed. Based upon results of monitoring and dose calculations,
recognizing that there may be a potential for higher than normal radiological exposures,
tfre tr4iU Radiation Safety Officer (RSO) may recommend that personnel be rotated from
area to area periodically in order to reduce potential exposure.
As soon as the results of the monitoring activity, conducted in accordance with the
conditions indicated by the RWP, have been evaluated, the added radiological surveys
applicable to the particular HTC mill feed will be established, communicated to the
{aaiation Safety Technicians (RSTs), conducted, and documented. Irrespective of the
added sgrveys selected for the particular HTC feed, the following radiological surveys
will be performed routinely for the duration of the processing of HTC materials.
4.1 Area Airborne SamPline
During initial receipt of HTC materials, weekly area airborne sampling will be
conducted in the areas of the Mill listed below. A twenty-foru hour air sample
will be collected at a flow rate of 40 liters per minute, or greater. After sufficient
data has been collected and reviewed by the RSO and ALARA Committee, area
airborne sampling frequency may be reduced to once every two weeks during the
processing of HTC mill feed.
l. Ore feed area.2. Leaching area.
3. Central Control Room.4. Solvent Extraction Building.
5. Precipitation area.
6. Yellowcake drying area.
7. Yellowcake packaging area.
The above samples will be analyzed for gross alpha.
4.1.4 DAC Determination
A composite feed sample will be analyzed for radioscopic composition for U-Nat
and Th-Nat. A composite of two air samples from each of the above locations
will also be analyzed for U-Nat and Th-Nat. The composite air sample results
will be compared to the feed material results. These data comparisons will be
used by the RSO to establish the appropriate derived air concentration (DAC) for
each location listed above, and the U-Nat to Th-Nat ratio for analysis using gross
alpha counting. If gross alpha counting of air samples using the U-Nat to Th-Nat
ratios indicate an airborne radioactive dust concentration of 25o/o of the thorium
DAC or Uranium DAC, or the geometric mean of the mixfirre, in any of the areas
listed above, then the air sample frequency will be increased to weekly in those
areas only.
S:\Ir4RR\millsops\htcrvO I 2 I 800finalbymn.doc
ATIONATTMN I UM (U SA) CORPORATI
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
Title: High Thorium Content Ore Management
NO.: fEL-lAl
Rev. No.: R-0
Date: December 18,
2000
Breathine Zone Sampline
a. Breathing zone air samples will be collected once per
month on select individuals who perfiorm routine work
tasks associated with processing operations-
b. Breathing zone air samples will be collected from
individuals who perform work tasks under an RWP.
c. In addition to the above sampling under (a) and (b), furttrer
breathing zone samples will be collected from individuals
at the discretion of the RSO.
Environmental S amplins
a. Continuous air samples will be collected on a weekly basis
in the following areas during processing of HTC feed
material.
l. Ore Pad area.
2. Tailings area.
Tailines Manaeement
Tailings resulting from processing HTC altemate feed material will be
deposited in an area of the tailings system that will ensure that the material
is fully submerged beneath pond liquid and/or tailings slurry from non-
HTC altemate feed materials until such time as the first layer of interim
cover or random fill is placed on the tailings system. This will minimize
the potential for thoron gas to escape to the atmosphere. Mill
Management and the RSO will coordinate efforts to ensure that operations
personnel are provided direction regarding placement of HTC tailings. In
addition, the weekly tailings inspections reports will document the
placement of HTC tailings during the preceding week.
Survevs For Extemal Radiation
a. All employees working with HTC material will wear a personal
TLD badge. The badges will be collected quarterly and the results
entered on individual exposue forms.
b. Beta/gamma dose rate measurements will be performed weekly in
all areas of the mill operations. These data will be used to perform
monthly dose rate calculations.c. Monthly TLD badges will be worn by individuals who perform
work tasks that are anticipated to exhibit the highest potential dose
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
S:\MRR\millsops\htcrv0l2l E00finalbymn.doc
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
Title: High Thorium Content Ore Management
Rev. No.: R-0
Date: December 18,
2000
rate exposures, such as those assigned to RWP tasks and workers
performing initial receipt and handling of the HTC material, prior
to establishment of material-specific DAC values.
4.6 Surveys for Radon-222. Radon-220 and Their Dauehters
Monthly measurements of radon daughter concentrations for both Ra-222
and Ra-220 will be conducted in those areas of the Mill listed above in
Section 4.1 of this SOP. If radon daughter concentrations from either the
uranium or thorium parent is greater than 25Yo of the limit (0.08 working
level for Ra-222 or 0.25 working level for Ra-220) the sampling frequency
will be increased to weekly in areas where these levels are routinely
encountered. All ventilation systems in the Mill will be checked daily by
the radiation safetY staff.
5.0 Decontamination and Release of IMCs
For intermodal release procedures, see White Mesa Mill Standard Operating Procedure
PBL-I, rev. No. R-l,Intermodal Container Acceptance, Handling and Release-
6.0 Hazard Identification and Safetv
In addition to the usual safety procedures required for work at the Mill, the following
safety procedures are to be followed for projects involving HTC materials.
6.1 Required Personnel Protective EquiPment (PPE)
In all areas of the Mill covered by this procedure, hard hats, safety glasses and
steel-toed shoes are required as a minimum. These must be worn iq all areas of
the Mill with the exception of the Administration Building.
The following are required while handling HTC material.
l. Coveralls. Coveralls must be laundered on a daily basis!
2. Leather or rubber gloves.
3. Rubber Boots of Booties.
4. Respiratory protection as directed by the RSO or specified in an
RWP. Respiratory protection will be used during initid receipt
and handling of HTC feed material (s) and until material-specific
DAC values are set. In addition, all individuals who work in areas
where there is a likelihood that the airborne concentration DAC
S :\MRR\mi I lsops\htcrv0 I 2 I 800fi nalbymn.doc
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
Title: High Thorium Content Ore Management
Rev. No.: R-0
Date: December 18,
2000
6.2
limits for either uranium, radon, thoron or thorium will exceed
25Yo of the DAC will be required to wear respiratory protection, as
directed by the RSO (See section 7.1.2), below.
Industrial Hazards and Safew
l. Use caution when chassis are backing onto the Ore Pad.
2. Ensure that all personnel within 50 feet of the area where the IMC is
hooked up to the Bartlett tipper are aware that dumping is about to
co[rmence.
Bartlett tipper operators must use caution during the dumping Process.
Move at least 25 feet away from the rear of the IMC during the initial
dumping operation.
Do not place any part of your body inside the IMC when the chassis is
being tipped and the tailgate is open. The IMC could be lowered or
accidentally fall at any time, which would cause the tailgate to close
rapidly and result in injury. Only work under the tailgate after it has
been properly blocked open..
Be aware of high-pressure wash water.
When the crane is in operation, make sure all personnel, except the
persons in charge of the tag lines, are 50 feet away from the IMC
being moved. The persons in charge of the tag Iines should never be
underneath the IMC that is being moved.
Be aware of slippery conditions on the ore pad during periods of
inclement weather.
Be aware of the potential for ice build-up on and around the
decontamination pad during periods of cold weather.
9. Use caution when entering or exiting equipment. Be sure to use the
ladders and hand rails. Do not jump offof the equipment.
Radiolosical and Environmental Concerns
Environmental radiation monitoring is routinely performed at the White Mesa Mill at
sufficient frequency (quarterly and semiannually) that any potential impact to the public
and or the environment would be identified. In addition to the environmental air
monitoring samples collected continuously at the Mill and analyzed for radioisotopes U-
J.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
7.0
S :\MRR\millsops\htcrv0 I 2 I 800fi nalbymrr.doc
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
Title: High Thorium Content Ore Management
NO.: r.Erl--Lr'
Rev. No.: R-0
Date: December 18,
2000
Nat, Ra-226, Th-230 and Pb-210, the air samples collected during receipt, handling,
processing, and disposal of HTC materials will also be analyzed for Th-232,Ra'228 arlrd
Th-228. The RSO- will evaluate the resulting data and compare the results to their
respective effluent concentration limits contained in 10 CFR Part 20, Appendix B, and
wiil retain records of these evaluations at the Mill for NRC inspection.
7.1 Airborne Radiation Protection
l. Until otherwise indicated by air sampling results, and agreed upon by the Mill
RSO and the ALARA Committee, the areas of the ore storage pad used for
HTC material will be posted as either a "Radiation Area" and/or "Airborne
Radioactivity Area". These areas will be posted with caution signs in
accordance with 20.1 902.
2. Subsequent to approvals by the RSO and ALARA Committee for reduced
posting, if, based on air sampling, an area exhibirc 25Yo of the DAC limits for
.itt "r uranium or thorium, it will be posted "Respiratory Protection
Required".
All personnel involved with material handling during a project involving HTC
mat;rial will be required to wear a full face respirator, until such time that
review of the air samples by the RSO and ALARA committee indicate that
this level of protection is not needed. Employees will be notified of any
changes to the respiratory protection requirements during an HTC project by
memorandum.
a. All individuals who work in areas where there is a likelihood that the
airborne concentration DAC limits for either uranium, radon, thoron or
thorium will exceed 25Yo of the DAC will be required to wear respiratory
protection. As directed by written memorandum from the RSO, one of the
following respirators will be selected:
i. Full Face Respiratorii. Powered Air Puriffing Respirator
iii. Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA)
Personal air monitoring will be conducted as per Section I of the
White Mesa Mill Radiation Protection Manual and Section 4.2
above.
Conlinuous air sampling will be conducted around the perimeter of
the ore pad. At the onset of an HTC project, sample filters from
the continuous air samplers will be collected and analyzed for
gross alpha, Ra-222 and Ra-220 on a weekly basis. This frequency
3.
4.
S:\MRR\millsops\htcrv0 I 2 I 800finalbymn.doc
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
Title: High Thorium Content Ore ManagementRev.No.: R-0
Date: December 18,
2000
7.2
may be rela:<ed upon approval of the site RSO and the ALARA
Committee.
5. Real time thoron monitors will be placed around the periphery of
the ore pad for the duration of the HTC project.' These monitors
will be thanged out according to the frequency reconrmended by
the manufacturer and analyzed for Ra-220'
Urinalvsis
l. All personnel involved with the dumping, stockpiling or
processing of HTC content material and RST's involved in
monitoring described in this SOP will submit a ruine sample every
two weeks at a minimum, or at a greater frequency if so directed
by the provisions of an RWP. These samples will be analyzed for
uranium and thorium content. Evaluation and corrective actions
will be conducted pursuant to guideline provisions contained in
Regulatory Guide 8.22 Bioasscy at Uranium Mills. In vivo lung
counting may be implemented if circumstances suggest an
overexposgre or uptake of either isotope has occurred. In vivo
counting will be tonducted at the discretion of the RSO and
ALARA Committee.
Personal Hvsiene
l. All personnel involved with the dumping, stockpiling or
processing of HTC material will be required to wear designated
toveralls. These coveralls will be changed and laundered on a
daily basis.
2. All personnel involved with the dumping stockpiling - or
processing of HTC material will be required to shower before
ieaving the restricted area at the end of their shift'
3. All personnel will survey their hands, boots and clothing for
surface contamination prior to eating or leaving the restricted
area.
7.3
S :\MRR\m illsopsVrtcrv0 I 2 I 800fi nalbymn.doc
t .' t1
I'NITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGI]LATORY COMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AI{D LICENSING BOARD PANEL
Before Administrative Judges:
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Dr. Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
IN THE MATTER OF: ** Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8
INTERNATIONAL URANruM (USA) *
CORPORATION * ASLBP No. 00-782-08-MLA*
(Source Material License Amendment) * February 8,2001*
CERTIFICATE OF' SERVICE
I hereby certiff that I caused tnre and complete copies of the foregoing LETTERS
DATED NOVEMBER 16,2OOO AND DECEMBER 18,2OOO PURSUANT TO THE
PRESIDING OFFICER'S FEBRUARY 6,2000 ORDER in the above-captioned matter to be
served by first-class, po.stage prepaid mail and also by overnight mail to the individuals indicated
by an asterisk on this 8tn day of February,200l to:
The Honorable G. Paul Bollwerk, III U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Chief Judge Office of the General Counsel
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission I1555 Rockville Pike
Two White Flint North
I1545 Rockville Pike
Mail Stop T-3F23
Rockville, MD 20852
Office of the Secretary
Attn: Rulemakings and
Adjudication Staff
One White Flint North
I1555 Rockville Pike
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Rockville, Maryland 20852
Rockville, MD 20852
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel
One White Flint North
I1555 Rockville Pike
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Rockville, Maryland 20852
Office of Rulemakings and
Adjudication
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
11555 Roclcville Pike
Rockville, MD 20852
Administrative Judge *
Ann Marshall Young
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Mail Stop T-3-F23
Washington, D.C. 20555-0001
Sarah M. Fields *
P.O. Box 143
Moab, UT 84532
Administrative Judge
Dr. Charles N. Kelber
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Mail Stop T-3 F23
Washington, D.C. 20555-0001
SHAW PITTMAN
2300 N Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20037
COUNSEL TO INTERNATIONAL
URANTUM (USA) CORPORATION
Document #: 1075348 v.I
Se,nt By:
,I
Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnidge; 2O2 663 8924;l-eb-/-ul 4:3]PM;
UNITED STATES OF AMEHIGA
NUGLEAR HEGULATOHY GOMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LIGENSING BOARD PANEL
Before Administrslive Jr#geo:
Ann MarshatlYoung, Presldlng fficer
Charles N. Kelber, Special Aseibtant
ln the liatter of
TNTERNATTOML UB NIUM (USA)
CORPORATION
j'age zt+
t)OCXETTD
USNRC
ol FE8 -5 P3:56
OFFICU Qf- SECIiE IAHY
RULEIilAi(NGS AND
ADJUDICATIONS STAFF
sEffu$.fffi - 6 ZWt
Doc{tet No;40€681-MlI€
ASLBP No. 0G782-08-MI-A
February 6, Zq)l
(Source Material Licenee n.9!qrn9!!)
ORDEH
(Settlng Deadlines lor Final,Filings on $tanding)
'
t. This matler concems a request lor hearing Iiled by:Petitioner Sarah M. Fields with
regard to lntemailonat Uranium (USA) Gorporation (IUSA)'s application to amend Source
Materiat Llcense SUA-I358 to altuv lts White Mesa Uranium Mitl near Blanding' Utah, to
recelw and procees up to 20fr) cubic )rard8 of ahemativefeed malerialfrorn the Herilage
Mlnerals SIte ln Lakshurst, New Jersey-
2. Since.ite inception, the maner has invohred numerous llllngS by boEl parties, soms
with and eome withogt specific permisaion to eo file, and once at the roquest of the Prealding
Oflicer efter fho petitioner brought to light perhcular intormatlon suggestlng that lurther inguiry
was approprlate with regard to the radiologlcalcontont of the Heritage Minerale materiat in
comparieon wlth that of other materlals IUSA hae transported,through the Petitioner's residence
ol Moah, Ufah. The presiding Officer has read and considered all these doruments, including
thoee materlals liled by IUSA on January 9, 2001, and those Petltloner Fielde fited by e-mallon
Feb,ruary 3, 20CI1.
FEB 0 7 zlrl
Sept
II
I
By: Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnidgel 202 663 8924;Feb-7-01 4:31PM;Page :J/ 4
-2-
, g. The only matt6r for determlnation at present is the lssue of the Petitionefs standing
to proceed. under 10 c.F-H. S 2.1205(rn), "ltlhe liling or granting of a request lor hearing or
petltion lor raave to intervene need not detay NRc stafl aqtion:regarding an application fror a
,censing acffon oovered by [subpart L.f rherefore, pettioner Fierds' roquests regerdlng the
staffs Tecfrnicat Erraluatlon Haports and related msterlale are irrelevant at thie polnt, with he
arguabre exception or the November 16 and December 1g submlttare ctraracterized by
petitioner FreldE ae supplements to the origlnal July 5, 2oo0,lioense amendment requeel of
4. lusA ghelttlle and eerve copies of the Novemher 16 and December 18, z(X)O'
docurnents eo that they are received by the Presldlng otlioer and the Petltloner tp laterlhsn
Februarv 9...20O1. Thereafter, lusA and Petitioner Fields may llle any responseE lo anything
filed by each other, along with arry argumenl related to the Norember 16 and Decernber 18'
2OOo, dOCUments, or any other argument relaiing to the Petltionere sundlng' so that thev are
received no rater than F=eFtuery 2o. zQg1. Theso shal be ne,rmalfilings permltled ln thiE
matter on the rssue or standing- A ruring on standing shal be issued after reelpt of both ol
them.
It is so OHDEBED.
BY THE PRESIDINo OFFICERI
Hodoille, MarYland
February B, UlOl
rGopiee of thie Order were senl this date by lntemet e-mall transmlssion to all
partioipants or coungel lor partlcipants'
ieqt By: Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnidge;
a
f,
202 663 f3924;Feb- /-u1 4:3zl'M;rage .+ / +
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUGLEAH HEGUIITORY COMMISSION
ln the Matter ol
INTERNATIoNAL UBANI UM (USA)
COHPOBATION .
(Source Materlat License Amendment)
Otfioe of Conrmieebn Appellate
Adiudietion
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Gommisslon
washlngton, Dc 2055S0001
Administrative Judge
Charles N. Kelber, Speclal Assistant
Atomic Salety and Ucensing Board Panel
Mail StoP - T-3 F23
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commiesion
washington, DC 20555{n01
Sarah M. Fields
P.O. Box 149
iroab, UT &4532
Docket No. 40-8681 -Ml-A-8
)
)
)
)
)
)
qERrtFlcATE-OF SEHVIQE '.
I hereby ceruty thal coples of the loregolng LB OHDEH (SETnNC DEADLINES FOB FINAL
FILINGS ON STANOING) have Ueen r";;d- rpon the totlowing perEons by depoait in the u's'
nlrU, tiot class, or through NRC internaldietribution'
Administratite Judge
Ann Marchall Young, Presldlng O{c-er
etorb Sale.ty and Liceneing Board Panel
ilaltstop - T-3 F23
U.s. Nuilear Begulatory Commisslon
Washin$on, DCI 2055$0001
.
Dennis C. DamblY, Esq.
Offioe of lhe GeneralCounsel
Mall StoP - O-1S D21
U.S. Nuheer Regulatory Commlsslon
Washlngton, DC 20555-0001
Anttrony J. ThornPson, 'Esq-
FrederirJ< S. PhllllPs, Eeq.
David C. tasfwuay,Esq.
2900 N Street, NW
Washington, DG 20037
Dated at Rockville, lvlarY{artd,
thia 6h day of FebruarY 20Ol
LTNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD PANEL
Before Administrative Judges :
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Dr. Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
IN THE MATTER OF:)
)
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA) ) Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8
CORPORATION )) ASLBP NO. 00-782-08-MLA
(Source Material License Amendment, )
License No. SUA-I358)) February 2,2001
)
THIRD SUPPLEMENT TO PETITIONER'S
AUGUST 9. 2OOO. REOUEST FOR HEARING
I.. Introduction
l. In the context of the present proceeding, International Uranium (USA)
Corporation's ("IUSA's") July 5,2000, "Amendment Request to Process an Alternate
Feed Material from Heritage Minerals, Inc. at White Mesa Uranium Mill" ("Amendment
Request"), as noticed (65 Fed. Reg. 44078, July 17,2000), has been supplemented with
pertinent new information that is material to the present proceeding. This supplementary
information is material to the question of my standing in the present proceeding.
There was no indication in the July 17 Federal Resister Notice ("FRN") that the
original July 5 Amendment Request might be expected to be supplemented with
information that is material to my standing in the present proceeding. To the best of my
knowledge, there has not been proper public notice of any such supplementary
information.
2. Below is a chronological list of the various records that reveal supplementary
information that is material to the present proceeding and bears on the question of my
standing in the present proceeding. In the Discussion, at II. below, I will address such
supplementary information in funher detail.
. IUSA and Counsel for IUSA provided supplementary information, material to the
present proceeding, in an on-the-record telephone conference held on September 14,
2000. See Transcript of Conference before Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel
("Transcript"), Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8, ASLBP NO. 00-782-08-MLA,
September 14,2000.
. Supplementary information, material to the present proceeding, was provided in the
November 13, 2000, "International Uranium (USA) Corporation's Response to the
Presiding Officer's October 26,2000, Request for Information" ("Response"). See
"International Uranium (USA) Corporation's Response to the Presiding Officer's
October 26,2000, Request for Information," Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8, ASLBP
NO. 00-782-08-MLA, November I 3, 2000.
o Supplementary information, material to the present proceeding, was provided in or
referenced by the December 29,2000, Nuclear Regulatory Commission ("NRC")
staff issuance of "Amendment 18 to Materials License SUA-1358 -- Approval to
Receive and Process Alternate Feed Material from the Heritage Minerals Site at the
White Mesa Uranium Mill" ("Amendment 18"). See letter from Mr. Philip Ting,
Branch Chief, Fuel Cycle and Safety and Safeguards Branch, Division of Fuel Cycle
Licensing, Office of Nuclear Material Safety and Safeguards, NRC, to Ms. Michelle
R. Rehmann, Environmental Manager,IUSA, December 29,2000, and the enclosed
Technical Evaluation Report and Source Material License SUA-1358, Amendment
No. 18.
. Supplementary information was also provided in the January 9,2001, "International
Uranium (USA) Corporation's Opposition to Sarah M. Fields Request for
Reconsideration," particularly, the "Affidavit of Douglas Chambers" contained
therein. See " International Uranium (USA) Corporation's Opposition to Sarah M.
Fields Request for Reconsideration," Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8, ASLBP NO. 00-
782-08-MLA, January 9, 2001.
3. Such supplementary information submitted by IUSA on September 14 and
November 13,2000, and January 9,2001, should be considered to have amended that
original July 5, 2000, Amendment Request.
It should be noted that the December 29,2000,NRC staff issuance of
Amendment 18 appears to have been based upon, and references, additional|USA
amendments to the original July 5 application. Participants in the present proceeding
should have been, but were never, properly advised of these additional amendments to
the original application. An applicable Board Notification did not happen.
As stated above, these changes and additions to the origin application were not
properly noticed. As with the original July Amendment Request, which was noticed,
petitioner should have, or have had, a 30-day opponunity in which to respond to the new
information that was contained in the supplements to the original July 5 application.
Petitioner wishes to address the new information contained in records listed
above. Such information supplemental to the original July application has not heretofore
been available to the petitioner in the context of the present proceeding. This new
information is material to the question of my standing in the present proceeding. It would
be contrary to the petitioner's interest in the present proceeding to disallow this request by
the petitioner to address such new information; in that, any determination of the
petitioner's standing on the present proceeding would not be based on a sound record.
II. DISCUSSION
1. During the September l4 telephone conference (see Transcript, cited above),
IUSA provided supplementary information regarding the nature of the radiotoxic
nuclides, thorium-232 and thorium-232 progeny, contained in the materials proposed to
be transported through downtown Moab, Utah, from the Heritage Minerals, Incorporated,
("HMI") site, Lakehurst, New Jersey (Docket No. 40-8980, Source Material License No.
SMB-1541), to IUSA's White Mesa Mill near Blanding, Utah.
IUSA stated on September l4 that they "believed that the thorium is a daughter
product of uranium and thorium is found along with natural uranium as a daughter
product." See Transcript, page 50. This quote demonstrates that IUSA was not aware of
the radiotoxic nuclide content of the so-called HMI "Uranium Material."
IUSA also stated that they "didn't believe that thorium in this particular material is
elevated to any level of any particular concern compared to conventional ores." See
Transcript, pages 50-51. Here IUSA ignored the fact that the source material thorium
content of the HMI monazite material (thorium-232 andthorium-228) was contained in
ore concentrates, not "conventional ores." That is why it was necessary for HMI to have
a source material license. See July 5,2000, Amendment Request, Attachment I (Final
Status Survey Plan for License Termination of Heritage Minerals, NRC License # SMB-
l54l), Appendix C (Processing and Decommissioning History), pages Cl-C7.
Beyond the examples offered above, on September l4 IUSA provided other
supplementary information that amended the original July 5 Amendment Request and
compared the HMI monazite material with material that had previously been transported
to the White Mesa Mill. See Transcript, page 49.
Petitioner sought, given the imposed time constraints, to address, among other
things, such September 14 supplementary information within "First Supplement to
Petitioner's August 9,2000, Request for Hearing" ("First Supplement'), dated October 18,
2000. In my First Supplement I presented a great deal of detailed information regarding
the radiotoxic thorium-232 and thorium-232 progeny contained in the HMI thoriated
monazite material. Petitioner's First Supplement addressed IUSA's misstatements
regarding the nature of the so-called "lJranium Material" proposed to be transported as a
potential "alternative feed material. "
Petitioner documented the fact that the radiotoxic source material thorium-232
and progeny in such HMI thoriated monazite material was not "a daughter product of
uranium." See Transcript, page 50. Also, see "First Supplement to Petitioner's, August 9,
2000, Request for Hearing," Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8, ASLBP NO. 00-782-08-MLA,
October 18,2000.
2. A. IUSA, on November 13, 2000, in attempting to responded to the Presiding
Officer's October 26,2000 Order, presented supplementary information that amended
(and contradicted) information which had been provided by the original July 5
Amendment Request. IUSA's November 13 Response attempted to "provide specific
information regarding the specific radiological content and picocuries-per-gram amounts
and levels of prior materials authorized by IUSA's license or previous amendments
thereto and transported to the White Mesa Mill through Moab, Utah," and compare that
information with similar information regarding the HMI monazite material. See IUSA
Response, November 13,2000, page L See, also, Order (Requesting Information and
Permitting Response to Petitioner's October 18, 2000, Filing), Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-
8, ASLBP NO. 00-782-08-MLA, page 2, October 26,2000.
IUSA's November l3 Response attempted to compare the specific thorium
content of the HMI monazite material with the specific thorium content of other materials
that have been transported through Moab, Utah, for processing and disposal at the White
Mesa Mill. The November 13 Response presented supplementary information regarding
the radiotoxic nuclide thorium content of the HMI thoriated monazite material that was
different from information contained in the original July 5 Amendment Request.
Attachment A (Uranium and Thorium Activities in Licensed Ores and Products)
to the November 13 IUSA Response states that the "Thorium Isotopes Activity Average
(pCi/g)" for the HMI material was "1,109 pCi/g." See IUSA Response, Attachment A,
November 13,2000.
This November 13 supplementary information is contradicted by information
provided in the Radioactive Material Profile Record attached to the original July 5
application. The Radioactive Material Profile Record states that the Weighted Average
of the isotope Th-232 (the parent nuclide of the thorium-232 decay series) for the HMI
monazite material is 1,109 pCi/g. See Amendment Request, Attachment 5 (Radioactive
Material Profile Record), page2, July 5, 2000,.
The contradiction is that the Radioactive Material Profile Record gives a 1,109
pCilg content for only the thorium-232portion of the HMI monazite sand (which is
approximately one-half the total thorium content) and that the November 13 Response
implies that the total thorium content of the HMI monazite sand is 1,109 pCilg.
Apparently the thorium activity for the HMI monazite material listed in
Attachment A of the November 13 Response to the October 26 Order is the thorium
activity for thorium-232 and does not include the activity for the thorium-228 (thorium-
232 decay series), thorium-234 and thorium-230 (uranium-Z28 decay series), thorium-
231 and thorium-227 (uranium-235 decay series). Therefore, the table in Attachment A
does not reflect the total thorium content of the HMI monazite sand. The table in
Attachment A does not differentiate between the thorium-23} decay series and the
thorium resulting from the decay of uranium-22& and uranium-235.
B. Petitioner addressed the supplementary information contained in IUSA's
November 13 Response in the December 5,2000, "Second Supplement to Petitioner's
August 9,2000, Request for Hearing." Petitioner commented upon the various
inadequacies and contradictions contained in the Response pertaining to the
characterization of the HMI material and its comparison to material previously
transported through Moab, Utah, to the White Mesa Mill. The inadequacies and
contradictions contained the November 13 Response bear directly on the question of the
petitioner's standing in the present proceeding. Petitioner brought forward, among other
things, the contradictions between the information provided by IUSA in the July 5
Amendment Request and information provided by IUSA in the November 13 Response
regarding the thorium content of the HMI thoriated monazite material. See "Second
Supplement to Petitioner's August 9,2000, Request for Hearing," Docket No. 40-8681-
MLA-8, ASLBP NO. 00-782-08-MLA, December 5,2000.
3. On December 29,2000, the NRC staff issued "Amendment l8 to Materials
License SUA-1358 -- Approval to Receive and Process Alternate Feed Material from the
Heritage Minerals Site at the White Mesa Uranium Mill." The issuance contained a
forwarding letter ("Issuance Letter"); Source Material License SUA-1358, Amendment
9
No. 18 ("License"); and a Technical Evaluation Report ("TER") dated December 21,
2000. See Amendment 18, cited above.
I learned of the issuance of AmendmentlSfor thefirst time onJanuary 27,2001.
The issuance of the license amendment at issue in the present proceeding was not served
on the participants in the present proceeding. As of February l, 2001, the NRC had not
made Amendment l8 publicly available via the NRC Public Electronic Reading Room,
or ADAMS, in accordance with the provisions of l0 C.F.R. $2.790 ("Public inspections,
exemptions, requests for withholding. ").
The Issuance Letter, the License, and the TER refer to various other NRC records
upon which the issuance was based. These documents are a July 21,2000, TER and
license amendment; a November 16, 2000, supplement to the original July 5 Amendment
Request; a November 30, 2000, NRC "Interim Guidance on the Use of Uranium Mill
Feed Material Other Than Natural Ores;" and a December 18, 2000, supplement to the
original July 5 Amendment Request.
None of these pertinent NRC documents were served on the participants in the
present proceeding. Without these documents, the record of the present proceeding is
incomplete. Without these documents, the Presiding Officer does not have a sound
record upon which to base decisions regarding petitioner's standing in the present
proceeding.
The NRC has yet to make some of these pertinent documents publicly available
in accordance with the provisions of 10 C.F.R. 52.790.
l0
Below is a chronological list of the various records referenced by the December
29 issuance of Amendment l8 that reveal supplementary information that is material to
the present proceeding and bears on the question of my standing in the present
proceeding.
A. The July 21,2000, Technical Evaluation Report and license amendment are
referenced in the December 21,2000, Technical Evaluation Report (Amendment l8), at
page l, which states:
During the review process, available cell space was an issue. This was
addressed under a separate TER and license amendment by NRC letter
dated July 21, 2000.
The participants in the present proceeding have not been served the July 21,
2000, TER and license amendment, nor the application that resulted in the July 21
issuance. Contrary to the provisions of 10 C.F.R.S 2.790 of the NRC's "Rules of
Practice," the July 2l TER and license amendment have not been made publicly available
by the NRC as of February 1,2001. The participants in the present proceeding were not
properly notified that issues pertinent to the July 5 Amendment Request, as
supplemented, were being considered and decided upon in the context of another license
amendment request and license amendment issuance responsive to that request. To the
best of my knowledge, there was no NRC Federal Reeister Notice announcing an IUSA
license amendment request pertaining to "available cell space" at the White Mesa Mill
and providing an opportunity for a hearing.
ll
I should have had an opportunity to respond to the July 21 licensing action as it is
material to the present proceeding and bears upon my standing in the present proceeding.
I was unable to do so and will not be able to do so until the July 2l license amendment
and TER are served on the participants in this proceeding or made publicly available by
the NRC in accordance with l0 C.F.R. g 2.790.
It has been detrimental to tt. p.titioner in the present proceeding that petitioner
has not had the opportunity to review and address the July 2l TER and license
amendment that is supplemental to the original July 5 Amendment Request.
B. The November 16,2000, supplement to the original July 5 amendment
request was referenced in the License issued on Decemb er 29,2000, at License Condition
10.16. That new license condition states that "the licensee is authorized to receive and
process source material from the Heritage Minerals Incorporated site, in accordance with
statements, representations, and commitments contained in the amendment request dated
July 5, 2000, and as supplemented by submittals November 16, 2000, and December 18,
2000." See Source Material License SUA-1358, Amendment No. 18, issued December
29,2000, page 8.
Participants in the present proceeding have never been served the November 16,
2000, supplement to IUSA's July 5 Amendment Request that is referenced in License
Condition 10.16. Contrary to the provisions of l0 C.F.R.2.790 of the NRC's "Rules of
Practice," the November 16, 2000, supplement has not been made publicly available by
the NRC as of February l, 2001.
t2
Petitioner requests that petitioner be allowed to respond to the information
contained in the November 16, 2000, supplement to the original application. Petitioner
will not be able to do so until this document is served on the participants in the present
proceeding or the NRC makes the November 16 supplement publicly available in
accordance with the provisions of 10 C.F.R. 52.790.
It has been detrimental to the petitioner in the present proceeding that petitioner
has not had the opportunity to review and address the November 16, 2000,IUSA
submittal that is a supplement to the original July 5 Amendment Request.
C. The November 30, 2000. NRC "Interim Guidance on the Use of Uranium
Mill Feed Material Other Than Natural Ores" is referenced in the TER accompanying
Amendment 18, which states:
We have reviewed IUSA's request using our formal guidance, "Interim
Guidance on the Use of Uranium Mill Feed Material Other Than Natural
Ores" provided in the NRC Regulatory Issue Summary 2000-23 that was
mailed to uranium recovery licensees on November 30, 2000.
Participants in the present proceeding were not properly advised of this new
"Interim Guidance," which contained the criteria utilized by the NRC staff to review the
July 5 Amendment Request, as supplemented. There is no indication that the new NRC
guidance, as utilized in the review of the July 5 Amendment Request (as supplemented),
was published in the Federal Register.
The petitioner should have an opportunity to comment on such "Interim
Guidance," in the context of the present proceeding, given the lack of a proper
rulemaking proceeding leading to the adoption of the November 30, 2000, "Interim
13
Guidance." The "Interim Guidance" is a proposed rule of general applicability and can
still be challenged in the context of the present proceeding if necessary.
D. The December 18, 2000, supplement to the original July 5 amendment
request was referenced in the License issued on December 29,2000, at License Condition
10.16. That new license condition states that "the licensee is authorized to receive and
process source material from the Heritage Minerals Incorporated site, in accordance with
statements, representations, and commitments contained in the amendment request dated
July 5, 2000, and as supplemented by submittals November 16,2000, and December 18,
2000." See Source Material License SUA-I358, Amendment No. 18, issued December
29,2000, page 8.
Apparently in response to an verbal NRC staff request for additional information,
on December 15, 2000,IUSA submitted to the NRC a letter enclosing draft Standard
Operating Procedures (SOPs) entitled "High Thorium Content Ore Management." See
letter from Ms. Michelle R. Rehmann,IUSA to Mr. Philip Ting, NRC, December 15,
2000.
On December 18, 2000, the final version of the SOPs of general applicability
were submitted to the NRC under cover of a letter described as "Supplemental
Information Regarding April12,2000 Amendment Request to Process an Alternate Feed
Material from W.R. Grace at the White Mesa Uranium Mill, Source Material License
SUA-1358." b letter from Ms. Michelle R. Rehmann, IUSA, to Mr. Philip Ting, NRC,
December 18,2000. (Exhibit A.)
t4
Although described as a supplement to an IUSA April 12, 2000, application
pertaining to the receipt and processing of material from the W.R. Grace site at
Chattanooga, Tennessee, it is now apparent that the December l8 would also supplement
the July 5,2000, application pertaining to the HMI monazite material, or any other
"HTC" proposed to be processed at the White Mesa Mill.
Participants in the present proceeding were never served the December 18, 2000,
supplement (with the SOPs), nor the December 15,2000, letter (with the draft SOPs).
Participants in the present proceeding were never properly advised that the December 18
supplement was a supplement to the July 5 amendment request.
The December 18 supplement is referenced in the December 21,2000, TER,
which states:
A concern was raised regarding the need for special handling procedures
due to the high thorium content of the material. This was addressed by the
licensee, by letter dated December 18, 2000.
The December l8 "Standard Operating Procedures: High Thorium Content Ore
Management" state:
The following procedure applies to acceptance of altemate feed
material(s) which International Uranium (USA Corporation (IUSA)
determines to potentially contain levels of thorium that require that special
procedures be followed, which are over and above those required for
conventional ores or other alternate feed materials. Potential alternate
feed materials undergo pre-acceptance evaluation by the IUSA ALRA
Committee. Material(s) which the ALARA Committee determines require
such special procedures will be designated as "High Thorium-Content"
(or, "HTC") materials.
It should be noted that NRC criteria upon which a determination is to be made as
to whether or not a material is of "High Thorium Content" is lacking at this time.
Apparently, the criteria will be established by the licensee on an ad hoc basis.
New information contained in the proposed SOPs for the handling of materials
with a high thorium content bear on the question of whether or not the thorium contained
in the HMI thoriated monazite material presents unique health, safety, and environmental
hazards.
I respectfully request that the Presiding Officer allow me to place on the record of
the proceeding the supplement of December 18, 2000, and allow me to respond to the
new information contained therein that is material to the question of the petitioner's
standing in the present proceeding.
Petitioner would show that the new SOPs demonstrate that the NRC staff, with
IUSA's concurrence, has determined that alternative feed materials containing a "high
thorium content" ("HTC')" require special procedures at the White Mesa Mill in order to
be protective of employees, the public, and the environment. Petitioner would show that
IUSA has determined that special procedures are required "due to the likelihood of higher
concentrations of thoron [radon-220, a decay product of thorium-232land other
radiological dangers during HTC processing." See "Standard Operating Procedures:
High Thorium Content Ore Management," pageZ, December 18,2000.
Petitioner would show that the SOPs would not provide effective health and
safety oversight. The SOPs do not state that an uncontrolled spill of HTC material during
transportation through downtown Moab, Utah, (as opposed to a controlled spill into the
16
hopper on-site at White Mesa or a controlled spill into the intermodal on-site at
Lakehurst) would be handled in an appropriate manner.
Intermodal controlled spills of HTC, of necessity, will occur at NRC licensed sites
and require special SOPs. Petitioner would demonstrate that an uncontrolled spill of the
HMI monazite material in downtown Moab, Utah, would result in a unique health and
safety hazard to myself if not handled according to special SOPs. Such off-site SOPs
must of necessity conform to criteria required to be more conservative than NRC on-site
criteria.
Petitioner would also show that information previously submitted by the
petitioner in this proceeding on October 18, 2000, demonstrates that thorium-232 and
progeny present unique radiological hazards, unique radiological pathways, and unique
health effects.. See First Supplement, cited above.
4. On January 9,200I,IUSA submitted "International Uranium (USA)
Corporation's Opposition to Sarah M. Fields Request for Reconsideration ("Opposition to
Request for Reconsideration"). This submittal was filed in response to petitioner's
"Request That the Presiding Officer Reconsider November 24,2000, Order (Denying
Petitioner's Requests to File Additional Materials)" and "Second Supplement to
Petitioner's August 9,2000, Request for Hearing."
IUSA's January 9 Opposition to Request for Reconsideration includes
supplementary information contained in an "Affidavit of Douglas Chambers"
("Affidavit") dated December 22,2000. The Affidavit of Douglas Chambers, containing
t7
information previously not available to this petitioner, is a supplement to IUSA's original
July 5 Amendment Request. Supplementary information contained in the Affidavit is
material to the question of my standing in the present proceeding.
Petitioner requests to be allowed to address the supplemental information
contained in the January 9 submittal.
Petitioner would show that Dr. Chambers Affidavit incorrectly dismisses the
ingestion pathways of thorium-232 and progeny as unimportant and that Dr. Chambers
ignores the facts regarding the impact of thorium-232 and progeny on the human body.
Petitioner would show that information presented by Dr. Chambers' Affidavit ,
particularly information regarding whether or not the thorium-232 and progeny contained
in the HMI thoriated monazite material presents unique health, safety, and environmental
hazards, is substantively contradicted by the new information contained in the "Standard
Operating Procedures: High Thorium Content Ore Management," submitted to the NRC
in the December l8 supplement to IUSA's July 5 Amendment Request.
The December 18 SOPs clearly indicate those special procedures are necessary
for the handling of the HMI monazite material because that material presents unique
radiotoxic hazards.
The question of whether or not the HMI thoriated monazite material presents
unique health, safety, and environmentalhazards and, thus, would require special
procedures to be protective of the public, employees, and the environment is basic to the
question of my standing in the present proceeding.
l8
III. Conclusion
On July 17 the NRC published a notice in the Federal Reeister announcing the
receipt of a July 5, 2000, request from IUSA to amend its source material license to
receive and process "alternate feed material" and noticing an opportunity for a hearing.
Petitioner responded to that FRN with a request for hearing on August 9, 2000.
Subsequent to the July 5 Amendment Request and the July 17 FRN, significant
supplemental information regarding the original July 5 application has accrued.
Petitioner has not been given a fair opportunity to address this supplemental information.
As discussed above, at II. I . and2.,IUSA presented supplemented the original
Amendment Request in the context of the present proceeding on September 14, 2000, and
November 13,2000. It would be unreasonable for the petitioner to be required to
respond to the technical and other factual information contained in such supplements on
such short notice as has been allowed. Petitioner has exercised due diligence in seeking
to address these supplements. Petitioner should have had a 30-day opportunity to address
these supplements. Petitioner sought to address these supplements (within the 30-day
time period) by filings dated October 26,2000, and December 5, 2000. It would be
unreasonable to expect or require a more rapid-fire response. See First Supplement,
October 26,2000, and Second Supplement, December 5,2000, cited above.
As discussed above, at II.3., on December 29,2000, NRC staff issued
Amendment 18 to Source Material License SUA-1358, in response to IUSA's July 5
19
Amendment Request, as supplemented. Petitioner should be granted a 30-day
opportunity to address the issuance of Amendment 18.
As discussed above, at II.3. B. and D., supplements to the original application
were submitted to NRC staff by IUSA on November 16, 2000, and December 18, 2000.
Petitioner was made aware of these supplements to the original application on January
27,2000. Given the discussion at II.3.B. and D., petitioner should be granted a 30-day
opportunity within which to address these supplements to the original July 5 Amendment
Request.
As discusses above, at II. 3. A., issues related to the July 5 amendment request
were addressed by a July 21,2000, issuance of an amendment and TER. Given the
discussion at IL3.A., petitioner should be granted a3}-day opportunity to address the
July 21,2000, issuance and the application, of unknown date, that prompted that
issuance.
As discussed above, at II. 3.C., the NRC issued a new "Interim Guidance on the
Use of Uranium Mill Feed Material Other Than Natural Ores," on November 30, 2000.
This "Interim Guidance" was used by the NRC staff in its review of the July 5
Amendment Request, as supplemented. Given the discussion at II.3.C., petitioner should
be granted a 30-day opportunity to address the "Interim Guidance."
As discussed above, atll. ., in the context of the present proceeding IUSA
supplemented its July 5 Amendment Request on January 9,20001, with an Affidavit
from Dr. Douglas Chambers. Given the discussion at II.4., petitioner should be granted a
30-day opportunity to address Dr. Chambers'Affidavit.
20
Petitioner requests that the December 29,2000, issuance of Amendment l8 be
served on the participants in the present proceeding.
Petitioner requests that the November 16,2000, supplement to IUSA's July 5
Amendment Request be served on the participants in the proceeding.
Petitioner requests that the July 21,2000, amendment issuance and TER and the
application for that amendment be served on the participants in the present proceeding.
Petitioner requests that the November 30, 2000, NRC "Interim Guidance on the
Use of Uranium Mill Feed Material Other Than Natural Ores" be served on the
participants in the present proceeding.
Petitioner request that petitioner be granted a 30-day opportunity to respond to
each NRC record, as outlined above, that supplements IUSA's original July 5, 2000,
Amendment Request. Each 30-day time period should start the day petitioner actually
has in hand that particular record and has information that that particular record was
supplemental to the original July 5 application.
Given the above, petitioner would request such reliel beyond that requested
above, that the Presiding Officer deems to be appropriate.
Sarah M. Fields
Dated at Moab, Utah
February 2,2001
Y
00cxEir0
USHRC -
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD PANEL ut $!, 12 eil:tl
Before Administrative Judges:
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer OFrtC;f f )F etrno.n- ,.rl.^-l^^ \T L-ll^-- Q--^iol A --i-+^-+ l-tr',i ):, -'' '-)L\zI1EDr. Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
ADiuDiCATiijIjB SAh$.u, (FuixlilF,81ildYYAAID
IN THE MATTER OF:{.
!f
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA) * Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8
CORPORATION * ASLBP No. 00-782-08-MLA
{.
(Source Material License Amendment) * January 9,2001
TNTERNATTONAL URANTUM (USA) CORPORATION'S OPPOSITION TO
SARAH M. FIELDS REQUEST FOR RECONSIDERATION
I. INTRODUCTION
On or about December 13, 2000, International Uranium (USA) Corporation ("IUSA")
received, via regular mail, Sarah Fields' ("Petitioner") "second Supplement to Petitioner's
August 9,2000, Request for Hearing" and "Request That The Presiding Officer Reconsider
November 24,2000 Order @enying Petitioner's Requests to File Additional Materials)" (ointly,
"Petitions"). IUSA respectfully requests that the Petitions be denied and that the Presiding
Officer bring this increasingly costly and time consuming process to a close.
U. ARGUMENT
A. Petitioner Has Offered No Basis For Reconsideration of the Presiding
Officer's November 24,2000 Order.
Nearly five months have passed since Petitioner first filed her request for a hearing in
connection with IUSA's pending request for a license amendment that would allow IUSA to
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
receive and process for its uranium content msnazite sands from the Heritage/Minerals,
i
Incorporated ("HMI") site in New Jersey. In this time, seemingly without regard for the rules
and regulations goveming Nuclear Regulatory Commission ('NRC") proceedings or for the
Orders of the Presiding Officer, Petitioner has managed half a dozen filings, each occupying the
time of the Presiding Officer and the licensing board and each effectively requiring a response
from IUSA. In all of this time, and throughout all of these filings, Petitioner has yet to
demonstrate any "concrete and particularized injury" (or, for that matter, any injwy) entitling her
to standing in this license amendment process. Moreover, Petitioner has failed, and continues to
fail, to offer any reasonable basis for her apparent inability to adhere to the rules governing this
process or to the orders of the Presiding Officer.
NRC decisional precedent makes clear that motions for reconsideration are not to be
granted unless some controlling decision or principle of law has been overlooked or there has
been a misapprehension of facts. Georgia Power Co. (Voglle Electric Generating Plant, Units I
and 2), LBP-94-31, 40 NRC 137,l4O and n.l (1994).t Petitioner's December 5 filing offers no
decision or principle of law having any bearing on this matter. As for the facts, Petitioner does
not allege that there has been any misapprehension and does not offer any new facts significant
to the issue of her standing or to the underlying substantive issues that the Petitioner has argued,
and continues to argue, at length, notrvithstanding her lack of standing.
Notably, Petitioner's December 5, 2000 filing seeking reconsideration of the Presiding Officer's November 24,
2000Orderalsoisuntimely. See,GeorgiaPowerCo.,supra. atl39(motionsforreconsiderationof
Iicensing board decisions must be filed within l0 days of the issuance of the challenged order).
2
In attempting to explain why her October 18, 2000 filing was late, Petitioner states that
she was sick2, that she did not have full-time access to office equipment3, ild that she had
obtained new information and required time to review same4. All of this has been raised
previously in Petitioner's October 10,2000, Motion for Leave to File Out of Time. The plain
fact is that Petitioner did not make her document request until September 6, 2000; thus, she
essentially was out of time before she started.
Petitioner's explanations previously were deemed an insufficient basis for granting her
Motion for Leave to File Out of Time and she offers no basis for reconsideration of the Presiding
Officer's Order denying that Motion. Petitioner's conclusory statement that the "late filing of
my October 18 Supplement is excusable and will not result in any undue prejudice to" IUSA5, is
unsupported, untrue, and irrelevant. As the Presiding Officer previously has found, Petitioner's
late filing was not excusable and, contrary to Petitioner's opinion, IUSA is unduly prejudiced by
this lengthy process which costs IUSA time and money and impedes IUSA, without cause, from
pursuing its legitimate business activities.
B. Petitionerts Particular tr'ocus on the Relative Concentrations of
Uranium and Thorium in the HMI Monazite Sand Is Misguided and
is Irrelevant to the Petitioner's Lack of Standing.
The remainder of Petitioner's Motion for Reconsideration, as well as the entirety of
Petitioner's Second Supplement to Request for Hearing filed concurrently therewith, expresses
concerns regarding the relative concentrations of uranium and thorium in the HMI monazite sand
2 Petitioner's Request at 2.
3 id.
o id. at2-4.
s id. atz.
which IUSA seeks permission to process. As IUSA has stated previously, this issue is a red
herring for at least two reasons: first, because the relative concentrations of uranium and thorium
are of little practical significance given the total concentrations and radiological activity of the
HMI material and; second, because the precise composition of the HMI materials has no bearing
on Petitioner's inability to establish standing.6 Nevertheless, and without waiving the objection
noted in footnote 6, below, IUSA wishes to respond to Petitioner's apparent concerns.
IUSA understands Petitioner's concerns fairly to be summarized as follows:
Radiological hazards presented by thorium (thorium-232 and its decay products) differ
significantly from those presented by uranium and its decay products;
There appear to be discrepancies between IUSA's and NRC's estimated total thorium
content of the HMI monazite sands; and
That "the presence of thorium-232 andthorium-228 in uranium feed material is unusual
and presents new and unique radiotoxic health and safety, environmental, and regulatory
considerations." (Petitioner's Motion for Reconsideration at l2).
As detailed in the attached Affrdavit of Douglas Chambers, Ph.D., Petitioner's concerns
are misguided. The radiological hazards presented by thorium and uranium and their respective
decay chains are quite similar. As explained by Dr. Chambers (Chambers Affidavit at 4 et seq.),
the nature of the potential radiological hazard in both cases is exposure to external gamma
radiation or internal exposure to radionuclides that have been taken into the body by inhalation
6IUSA objects to Petitioner's continuing efforts (which, arguably, have met with some success) to argue the
substantive merits of her challenge to IUSA's proposed license amendment in the absence of any
Footnote continued on next page
4
or ingestion. Although the type of hazard is the same, the actual hazard depends on the potential
for exposure, as garnma radiation will increase as activity per gram of radionuclides increases.
No credible exposure scenario threatens significant incremental exposure particularly where, as
here, natural background exposwe is high.
Petitioner is correct to note some inconsistency between the thorium content of the
monazite sands as reported by IUSA compared to that reported by NRC. However, as explained
by Dr. Chambers (Chambers Affidavit at9 et see.), these numbers, derived by different means,
are within the expected range of estimated values for the Heritage monazite sands.
Finally, Petitioner's concem that the monazite sands somehow present an unusual or
extra-ordinary potential radioactivity hazard is incorrect. Essentially, Petitioner's concern seems
to be that the thorium-232 chun in the msnazifs sands presents potential hazards different and
more threatening than those posed by the uranium-23S chain isotopes present in the sands. As
alluded to above, and discussed at length by Dr. Chambers, the transportation and processing of
the Heritage Minerals monazite sands proposed by IUSA simply does not present potentially
significant hazards as suggested by Petitioner (Chambers Affidavit at 16-18). In fact, this is a
relatively small quantity of relatively low-radioactivity material that will be loaded onto trucks
by a front end loader and transported through Moab in accordance with applicable Departnent
of Transportation regulations. 7 As explained by Dr. Chambers (Chambers Affidavit at 7, l9),
Footnote continued from previous page
demonstration of standing even to bring such a challenge.
7 With all due respect, IUSA submis that this proceeding's increasing focus on the comparative radioactivity of the
feeds to the White Mesa Mill is inapposite. A petitioner cannot demonstrate injury in support of standing
merely on showing that a particular shipment of material to the White Mesa Mill is more highly radioactive
than prior permitted shipments. In fact, NRC and DOT have developed regulations governing the safe
transport of all manner of radioactive materials, including those, such as spent fuel, that pose a far greater
Footnote continued on next page
even in a worst-case scenario where a truck carrying the monazite sands to White Mesa spilled
its load while moving through Moab, the hazard presented, both in absolute terms and relative to
the hazards potentially presented by other materials trucked through Moab, is not significant;
exposures, if any, typically would be a very small fraction of the average daily exposure to
background radiation in the Moab area.
IIL CONCLUSION
IUSA respectfully submits that this proceeding should be terminated. Unable to
demonstrate any injury-in-fact in support of standing, Petitioner has, for five months, ignored
NRC rules and the Presiding Officer's Orders and has turned this informal Subpart L proceeding
on its head by submitting brief after brief arguing the substantive merits of the case and hoping
thereby to establish standing to participate in the proceeding. Petitioner has seized on the
happenstance that the HMI monazite sands contain a high concentration of thorium relative to
uranium content as somehow presenting some potential to cause her some turknown harm. As
discussed herein and in Dr. Chambers' attached affrdavit, Petitioner simply is wrong. The higher
concentration of thorium relative to uranium present in the monazite sands essentially is
meaningless where, as here, the absolute concentration of thorium is negligible, the total volume
of material is relatively small, the materials will be transported in compliance with atl applicable
Footnote continued from previous page
potential radioactive hazard than any of the feed materials that may be processed at the White Mesa Mill.
The NRC previously has determined that "the environmental impacts, radiological as well asi non-
radiological, of both the normal transportation of radioactive materials and of the risk and consequent
environmental impacts attendant on accidents involving radioactive material shipments were sufficiently
small that shipments by all modes of transport should be allowed to continue . . . . transportation of
radioactive materials in accord with NRC and DOT regulations will not have a significant adverse impact
on the environment." 49 Fed. Reg. 9374-75, March 12,1984. Thus, IUSA's shipment of the HMI
monazite sands, or any other feed material, in compliance with applicable DOT regulations, by itself
supports a finding that the tnrck transport of the monazite sands or other material through Moab is safe per
se and is not reasonably likely to cause any injury that would supPort standing.
6
NRC and DOT regulations, and there exists no credible exposure scenario resulting in any actual
hazard to public health.
Each month that this process drags on imposes on IUSA real and significant costs, both
out-of-pocket, and the costs of lost time and missed opportunities. For all of the reasons set forth
above and in the supporting Affidavit of Dr. Douglas Chambers attached hereto, IUSA
respectfully requests that Petitioner's request for reconsideration be denied and that this
proceeding be terminated.
Respectfully submitted this 9m day of January,2001.
Frederick S. Phillips
2300 N Street N.W.
Washington, DC 20037
[phone]
COUNSEL TO INTERNATIONAL
URANTUM (USA) CORPORATTON
7
SHAW PITTMAI.I
Document #: 1057696v.2
a
AFFIDAVIT OF DOUGLAS CHAMBERS
I, Douglas B. Chambers, do attest and declare as follows:
l. My name is Douglas B. Chambers. I am the Director, Risk and Radioactivity
Studies, for SENES Consultants, Ltd., Ontario, Canada. I have held this position
since 1980 when SENES was formed. Prior to my current position" I was
employed by James F. Mclaren Limited as a Senior Radioactivity Specialist. I
hold a Ph.D. in physics from McMaster University. I have attached a current
version of my curriculum vitae as Attachment I hereto.
2. I was born in Kingston, Ontario and raised in Owen Sound, Ontario. I received
my B.Sc. (Physics) from the University of Waterloo in 1968 and my Ph.D.
(Physics) from McMaster University in 1973.
I have been working in the area of environmental radioactivity and risk
assessment for more than 25 years and have studied both radioactive and
non-radioactive substances. I have worked on projects across Canad4 throughout
the United States and overseas.
In 1980, my colleagues and I founded SENES Consultants Limited, in which I
hold the position of Vice-President and Director of Radioactivity and Risk
Studies.
22 December20fi)SENES Consultants Limitod
Among other activities, I was instrumental in the development of probabilistic
tools for pathways analysis and risk assessment for uranium mill tailings. I have
directed or carried out evaluations for all stages of the nuclear fuel cycle,
including uranium mill tailings, uranium refining and conversion, and at nuclear
reactors such as the Lepreau, Pickering and the McMaster University Research
Reactor. I have also caried out numerous studies on radioactive wastes,
including "historic" wastes in Port Hope Ontario, Chicago, Illinois and elsewhere.
In addition, I have directed many studies related to air dispersion and air quality
including, for example, the development of a meteorological e,lnission control
systern for a large thermal generating station, a detailed model for the transport of
carbon-I4 through the environment, and the development and application of
models for assessing the dispersion of denser-than-air gases fiom accidental
releases of anhydrous hydrogen fluoride, anhydrous ammonia, chlorine,
hydrogen,liquid natural gas (LNG) and uranium hexafluoride Gf6).
Examples of recent work include assisting the Federal German Environment
Ministry @NflJ) and the State of Thiiringen with the decommissioning of former
uranium mining and processing facilities, the re-evaluation of radon progeny
exposures to underground miners, the development of a regulatory guide for UF6
dispersion models for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the evaluation of
the effect of uncertainty in exposure on the derivation of dose-response relations
22 Dccernber20fi)SENES Consulbnts Umitcd
3.
from epiderniological data, the development of metrics for risk comparisons, and
the evaluation of risks to lower form biota.
I am a member of numerous professional societies and was a founding memrber of
the Canadian Radiation Protection Association. I became a mernber of the
Canadian Standards Association (CSA) Committee on Environmental Radiation
Protection in 1978, and subsequently was chairman until 1989. I am also a
mernber of other CSA committees on fusk Analysis. I am a member of the U.S.
National Council on Radiological Protection and Measurements Scientific
Committee 85 on the Risk of Lung Cancer from Radon, and have participated on
a committee of the Science Advisory Board of the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency concerning radon research initiatives. I was first appointed to the Atomic
Energy Control Board's Advisory Committee on Radiological Protection (ACRP)
in 1993. I have participated as a member of the Canadian delegation on the
UNSCEAR Committee since 1998. I was the recipient of the 1997 W.B. Lewis
award of the Canadian Nuclear Society for his achievements in environmental
radioactivity.
International Uranium (USA) Corporation ("IUSA') has asked me to review
Petitioner's request dated December 5, 2000 [Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8]
concerning an application by IUSA to process monazite sand from Heritage
Minerals, Inc. ("HMI') as an alternate feed material in IUSA's White Mesa Mill.
22 Deccmber 2000 SENES Consulans Limited
4.I understand the Petitioner's three key concerns to be as follows:
Petitioner asserts that the potential radiological hazards presented
by thorium (thorium-232 and its progeny radium-228, thorium-
228etc.) are significantly different from the radiological hazards
presented by uranium (uranium-238 and uranium-235 and their
progeny) [Petitioner's Request for Reconsideration at page l0];
Petitioner asserts that there appear to be contradictions between the
information provided by IUSA and NRC concerning the expected
total thorium content of the monazite sand proposed for processing
in the White Mesa Mill [at pages 6 and 7]; and
Petitioner asserts that "the presence of thorium-232 andthorium-
228 inuranium feed material is unusual and presents new and
unique radiotoxic health and safety, environmental, and regulatory
considerations." [at page l2].
I will address each of these issues in turn.
5. Radioloeical Hazards of Thorium and Uranium Isotopes are Sienificantly
Different.
The Petitioner refers to the uranium-238, uranium-235 and thorium-232 dway
series. To facilitate subsequent discussion, I have attached, as Attachment 2
hereto, three figures which show the key features of the three decay series. When
we refer to uranium, we are normally referring to "nafural" uranium -- that is,
uranium as it occurs in nature. Nafural uranium consists of uranium-238 and
lt.
lll.
422 December 2000 SENES Consultants Limitod
uranium-234 from the uranium-238 series and uranium-Z3l from the uranium-235
series. On a mass basis, almost all of the natural uranium is uranium-238. On an
activity basis, the activities of each mernber of a decay series are the same as that
of the parent. For example, uranium-234 would be present at the same activity as
its uranium-238 parent. Uranium-235, which is the parent of its own decay
series, is present in nature at its own isotopic abundance, where its activity would
be about ll22 of the activity of uranium-238 or uranium-234.
Similarly, almost all of the mass of "natural" thorium is from thorium-232, even
though natural thorium contains thorium-22S at the same activity as its parent
thorium-232. It should be noted that, as can be seen from the figure showing the
radioactive decay series for uranium-238, a thorium isotope (thorium-230) also
occurs in the uranium-238 decay series. However, unless otherwise stated, when
reference is made to natural thorium, it is understood that this is intended to refer
to the thorium isotopes in the thorium-232 decay series, and reference to natural
uranium is intended to refer to uranium-238, uranium-235 and their respective
decay series (including thorium-230).
It is important to understand that both uranium and thorium series radionuclides are
naturally occurring and that every person on earth is exposed to some radiation from
these radionuclides. The 1997 Report No.94 of the National Council on Radiation
Protection and Measurements (NCRP No. 94) provides a succinct discussion of the ways
in which people in the United States and Canada can be exposed to naturally occurring
background radiation including the uranium and thorium series radionuclides.
22 December 2000 SENES Crnsultants Limited
The exposure from natural radioactivity varies from place to place. For example, the
exposures from terrestrial radionuclides such as thorium and uranium will vary with the
amount of thorium or uranium present in the earth's crust at a particular location;
notably, exposures from radionuclides in the soil in the Colorado Plateau (a wide area
including Moab) average approximately 90 mrad per year as compared to the national
average of approximately 40 mrad per year and less (about 23 mrad per year) in coastal
areas (NCRP No. 94, p. 78, 89).
In addition, exposures will depend on people's activities and practices. For example,
residential exposure to radon-222 (from the uranium-238 decay series) depends not only
on the activity level of its radiw-226 parent in the soil around the house but also on the
tlpe of house, how it is ventilated, and people's habits.
The Petitioner is incorrect in claiming that the radiological hazards from uranium and
thorium are significantly different. In both cases, the nature of the potential radiological
hazard is the same -- namely, the hazard associated with the external garnma radiation
from the uranium and thorium series radionuclides or from internal exposure to the
uranium and thorium series radionuclides which may have been taken into the body
through ingestion or inhalation. These pathways of exposure are the same for both
uranium and thorium series radionuclides.
Although the types of hazard are the same for the uranium and thorium decay series
radionuclides, the actual hazard will depend on the potential exposure scenario. The
622 Decembo2ffi0 SENES Consulants Limited
actual hazard posed by gamma exposure will depend upon the strength of the source,
proximity to the source and duration of exposure. Exposure through the ingestion
pathway requires ingestion of food and/or water containing the radionuclides. Exposure
from inhalation requires proximity to a source of airborne dust (the radionuclides in the
HMI materials generally are associated with the heavy minerals rather than the lighto
silica content) or exposure to the radon decay products which requires exposure in a
confined space ["As EPA has noted people need to be occupying a structure and not just
standing outdoors" for radon health risks to be relevant. 48 Fed. Reg. 15,076, 15,083
(April6, 1983)1.
The transportation scenario presents no significant radiological exposure pathway. The
material in the trucks will be shielded from persons on the street and there will be
essentially no duration of exposure as the truck passes through Moab. There is no
credible ingestion pathway under such circumstances and, similarly, there is no credible
inhalation pathway. Even in the event of a worst case scenario (a spill in town), there is
no significant or acute potential health hazad as NRC has stated "long and sustained
exposure to radioactivity in the [entire uranium] tailings pile would be required to
produce any significant chance of adverse effect." NUREG-0706, vol. I at 1231 (1980).
Thus, even recognizing that the level of hazard per unit activity (i.e. picocuries per gram
or "pCr/g") can vary among the radionuclides and from decay series to decay series(e.g.
per pCilg,the gamma fields from thorium-232 (and progeny) are about 50% larger than
those from uranium-238 (and progeny), all other factors being equal), there is no
significant potential incremental health hazard posed by the HMI monazite sands as
22 Dccernbcr 2000 SENES Consultants Limitd
compared to other materials transported through Moab or as compared to naturally
occurring background radiation.
Consequently, assuming that material containing 4,000 pCi/g of natural thorium would
emit gamma radiation equivalent to that emitted from material containing about
6,000pCilg of natural uranium, realistic potential exposure scenarios would result in
incremental exposure that is trivial and a very small fraction of natural background
radiation in the area.
In conclusion, while the levels of hazard per unit activity can vary among the
radionuclides and from decay series to decay series, the potential radiological hazards are
not different in nature - in each case the pathways for exposure, and hence the types of
precautions required to safely handle natural uranium (and its progeny) and natural
thorium (and its progeny), are the same. Moreover, grven the concentrations of natural
uranium and natural thorium present in the HMI monazite sands and the exposure
scenarios as.described above, the actual hazard presented by even the worst case scenario
- a truck accident resulting in spillage of the sands - would result in incremental
exposure that is insignificant.
6. Apparent Contradictions in Thorium Content of Monazite Sands from Heritage
Minerals
Petitioner raises a concem that there are discrepancies in the levels of thorium
attributed to the Heritage Minerals monazite sands.
22 Deernbcr 2000 SENES Consultanb Limitod
IUSA's November 13 response to the Presiding Officer's information request indicates
that the radiological activity of the monazite sands is 335 pCilg for uranium and I 190
pCilg for thorium [at page 3]. These values are attributed to information provided by
HMI and referenced to an Appendix [D] that in fact is the Radioactive Material Profile
Record (RMPR) for the HMI monazite. Item C of the RMPR reports the values shown
below:
From the thorium-232 Chain
thorium-232 1,190 pCrle
radium-22S 1,190 pCrle
From the Uranium-238 Chain
uranium-238 208 pCrlg
radium -226 186 pCi/g
Thus, to arrive at the numbers reported by IUSA on page 3 of its response, ruSA
presumably carried the thorium value forward from the Appendix D.
On further investigation,I also reviewed the materials contained in IUSA's 5 July
submission to Mr. Phillip Ting of the NRC. This submission also includes a copy of the
RMPR report referred to above and contains additional information, which explains how
Heritage established their estimates of the radiological content of the monazite. First,
Attachment I of the submission to Mr. Ting includes a copy of the "Final Status Survey
922 Decrnber 2000 SENES Consultants Limitod
plan for licence termination of Heritage Minerals NRC Licence #SMB-|541." This
document explains that the characterization was for "total" thorium and uranium. Total
thorium is defined as the sum of thoium-232 and thorium-228. Total uranium is defined
as the sum of uranium-238 and uranium-234. Further, HMI assumes, and I agree with
this assumption, that the natural radioactive series radionuclides are in equilibriuml
Attachment 2 to the 5 July submission shows the measured values of radionuclides in the
various radioactive materials at HMI's Lakehurst, New Jersey, facility, including the
monazite sand. These values are summarized below.
Uranium series
Radium-226 186 pCiig
Thorium series
Radium-228 I190 pCr/e
The radioactive decay series for the uranium-238 and for the thorium-232 decay chains
are shown on the figures in Attachment 2 hereto. It can be seen, for example, that
thorium-232 decays to radium-22S, which decays to actinium-228, which decays to
thorium-228 and so on. Since radium-228 is present at I190 pCi/g so also are both
thorium-23? and thorium-228. Thus, based on actual measurements of themonazite
The assumption of radioactive equilibrium simply means that if you know the
radioactivity level of one of the radionuclides in the decay chain then each of the
radionuclides in the chain will be at the same level.
22 D€cernb€r 2000 l0 SENES Consultans Limitod
sands, the total thorium content would be 2380 pCilg, consisting of equal quantities of
thorium-23 2 and thorium-22 8.
Similarly, uranium-238 decays, through a series of intermediates, to uranium-234 and
subsequently to radium-226 etc. Thus, assuming equilibrium as before, each of uranium-
238 and uranium-234 will be present at 186 pCi/g, for a total (uranium-238 series)
uranium value of 372pCilg, comparable to the value reported in the RMPR.
Thus, based on the measurement data provided by HMI, the total thorium content and the
total uranium content of the monazite would be estimated at about 2,380 pCrlg, and about
37 2 pCil g, respectively.
In a memorandum from Kinneman (NRC) to Glenn dated 01.08.94, Kinneman reports an
analysis of I sample of the HMI monazite sand collected by NRC as containing 2,000
pCrlgof actinium-228, also a member of the thorium-232 decay chain. This value would
suggest that thorium-232 and thorium-228 would be present at the same level for a total
thorium of 4,000 pCi/g. This value is about 2 times the value reported by HMI. NRC
reported this same 4,000 pCrlgvalue in the site management decommissioning plan
oruREG t444 t993).
Data are not available to me to fully resolve this discrepancy. However, Attachment 2 to
the 5 July report also provides results of solids analysis (as % thorium arlrd o/o uranium).
Forthemonazite, HMI reports analyses of 0.53970 total thorium and 0.047 o/ototal
22 Deember 2000 ll SENES Consultanb Limitcd
uranium.2 As noted previously, almost all of the mass for thorium and uranium is from
thorium-23? and uranium-238, respectively. Using standard values of .l I microcuries
'I\-232 per gram of th-232 and 0.33 microcuries U-238 per gram of U-238, I estimate
that the activities of thorium-232 and uranium-238 in the monazite are about 593 pCi/g
and 155 pCilg,respectively. Thus, the activity of total thorium (T"b232 plus Th 228) afi
total uranium (U 238 plus U 234) is about 1,190 pCrlg and 310 pC/g respectively, or
about 50% of the values reported by HMI on an activity basis.
On the other hand, in the Federal Register notice appended to the July 5, 2000, letter to
Mr. Ting of the NRC, reference is made to direct radiation (i.e. gamma) measurements on
the monazite pile with readings up to 2,000 pR/h (FR vol. 64, No. 169, p. a787$. From
data in NCRP No. 74 Gage 69), it can be estimated that the gamma radiation from soil
containing I pCi/g of thorium-232 (plus progeny) is about 2.8pR/tr. Dividing the
measured value of 2,000 pR/tr by 2.8 pR/tr per pCi thorium-232per gram, I estimate that
the monazite would contain thorium-232 (and each of its progeny) at about 714pCr/gfor
a'total" thorium content of about 1,428 pCilg, generally consistent with the value
reported in the RMPR. My experience suggests that such variability is not unusual and
therefore, in the absence of other data, a nominal value of between 2,000 and 4,000 pCi/g
of (total) thorium in the HMI monazite sands is a reasonable assumption.
2 As noted at page l0 of this Affidavit, HMI defined'total thorium" as the sum of Th 232 andllt
228 and"total uranium" as the sum of U 238 and U 234.
22 December 2000 t2 SENES Consultants Limited
It should also be noted that, apparently in response to the Judge's request to set out the
pCrlgof thorium and the pCi/g of uranium in the feed materials approved for processing
at the Mill, the table in Attachment A to the Affidavit of Ron F. Hochstein (appended to
IUSA's Novernber 13,2000fi1ing in this proceeding), combines Th 232 andTh 230, to
the extent information is available, and not any other progeny of Th 232, as"Total
Thorium," and includes U 238 and, to the extent information is available, U235, but not
U 234 or Th 230 or any other progeny of U238 or U235, as "Total Uranium." That
Appendix therefore uses different definitions of total uranium and total thorium, than are
used in this Affidavit.
7. The Monazite Reoresents an Unusual Radioactivilv Hazard.
The Petitioner's concern appears to be that radiological hazards from the thorium-232
chain are different from the hazards from the uranium-238 chain isotopes. As noted
previously, the nature of the radiological hazards is the same, the potential hazards are
not different in type; the pathways for exposure are the same - either tltrough exposure to
garnma radiation, based on proximity to the materials and duration of exposure, or
through internal exposure, either'through inhalation or ingestion. As the HMI Materials
will be transported through Moab in covered containers, there is no significant risk of
exposure to the public from inhalation or ingestion. The material will be transported as a
"stong tight packageo'under DOT regulations. Therefore, there is virtually no potential
for fugitive dust, and any radon or thoron gases that may escape from the containers
would be insignificant compared to background for the area (generally, radon and thoron
22 Deccrnber 2000 l3 SENES Consultants Limited
o
gases are only a significant concern in confined areas). In the case of a spill or traffic
accident, the clean-up procedures and precautions taken for the HMI Material would be
virtually identical to the clean-up procedures for any other uranium-bearing feed
materials authorized tobe processed at the Mill. The danger of exposure to the public
during any such cleanup would be negligible, and in any event, would be no different in
nature or severity than for a spill of uranium-bearing materials with comparable levels of
radioactivity already trucked through Moab in accordance with IUSA's license and the
licenses of other NRC licenses.
I have specifically evaluated whether the radiological makeup of the HMI monazite sands
is significantly different from that of other materials which have been processed in the
White Mesa Mill, such that the HMI materials would pose any increased risk of gamma
exposure to members of the public. Analyzing this issue, I considered Attachment A to
the IUSA submission of l3 Novernber 2000, which summarizes the uranium and thorium
activities in altemate feed materials which have been or are planned to be processed at
the White Mesa Mill. These data show that the nominal (total) uranium content of the
HMI monazite is about 372pCilg and, as discussed above, the thorium content is
between 2,000 and 4,000 pCrlg. Given that the gamma emitted from natural thorium and
its progeny is about 50olo greater than from uranium and its progeny of equal activity, the
garnma emitted from the HMI materials is therefore equivalent to about 6,372 pCi/g of
natural uranium. This is less than the pCi/g for many of the natural uranium ores
processed at the Mill, which range from 1,100 to 8,603 pCrlg (see note 9 to Attachment A
of IUSA's November l3 filing) and is well within the range of pCi/g for the other
22 December2ffi0 t4 SENES Consultanc Limited
alternate feeds that have been approved for processing at the Mill. The Uranium Isotopes
Activity Average in pCi/g set out in Attachment A to the 13 Novernber submission
(which, as set out in that Appendix, does not include thorium-230 or uranium-234) range
in uranium content from 67 pCr/g to more than 400,000 pCi/g. The total activity of the
Nevada Test Site material, when the thorium-23O is added to the uranium-238 is over
700,000 pCilg. A ton of this material would emit more than 100 times the gamma that
would be emitted by a ton of the HMI material. Other alternate feed materials from
Allied Signal, Rhone Poulenc, and Cameco, have similarly high levels of activity.
Moreover, the total quantity of the monazite sands is small compared to the quantities of
the other feed materials. The total inventory of the HMI monazite sands is less than
3,000 tons. This can be compared to the 3,846,667 tons of natural ores which also contain
thorium and which have been processed in the White Mesa Mill. According to
Attachment A of IUSA's November 13 submission, the White Mesa Mill's total feed
material to date represents about 4,619 curies of thorium. For comparison, the monazite
sands for HMI contributes between 3 (to 6) curies of this total, or about 0.1% of the total.
To place the potential exposure from transporting the monazite sand through Moab in
context, consider the following calculation of gamma dose to a person standing by the
edge of the roadway when a tuck loaded with the monazite sand is passing by:
1. the gamma field from a large monazite sand pile (i.e. the pile at Heritage)
is 2.000 microR per hour as noted previously.
22 Decembcr 2000 l5 SENES Consultants Limited
3.
4.
6.
5.
the gamma field at a distance from a source depends on the stength of the
source (here 2.000 microR per hour), whether or not there is any shielding
between the source and the receptor, and the geometrical relation between
the source and the receptor (in practice, the apparent size of the source
when viewed from the receptor's location.)
for this calculation, I take no account of the shielding provided by the
container used to transport the monazite sand (even though I cm of steel
will reduce the gamma field by about a factor of 0.67).
for this estimate, I assume that a side view of the truck Eansporting the
monazite sand would be about lOm (33ft) long and 2m (6.6ft) high. For a
source of these dimensions, I estimate that the gamma field decreases
rapidly with increasing distance, decreasing to about l/100 of the dose
rate in contact with the source within a distance of about 2Om (66ft).
to be very conservative, I have assumed that the pedestrian is exposed to
2000 microR per hour (i.e., the dose rate theoretically experienced by an
individual standing on the monazite sand pile) when a loaded truck
carrying monazite sand passes by and for 100ft in either direction.
I further assume that the truck is moving at 30mph or about'44feet per
second. Thus, the pedestrian would be exposed to gamma fields from the
loaded buck for a period of only 4.6 seconds (i.e. 200ft I 44ftper second)
thus, I estimate the gamma exposure to a pedestrian arising from the
passage of a truck loaded with monazite sand to be about
(2,000 microR per hour) x (l/3,600 hour per sec) x (4.6 sec) = 2.6 microR.
22 Dcccrnbcr 20fl)
7.
t6 SENES Consultants Limitcd
Assuming that I microR = lmicrorad, then.the estimated dose per truck is
about 2.6 microrad.
8. I previously noted that on the Colorado Plateau, the annual gamma dose
from natural radioactivity in the soil is about 90 mrads or about 90,000
microrads. Thus, the pedestrian could stand by the side of the road during
the passage of some 34,600 trucks loaded with monazite sand (i.e.
90,00012.6) before he or she would receive the same dose as he or she
would receive from natural background. In fact, there are
. expected to be only about 150 truckloads of monazite sand and therefore
the gamma dose to such a person from trucking the sand through Moab
would be only 4/1000 of the dose from natural background radiation.
From the above calculation, I conclude that the incremental (to background) dose arising
from the truck transport of the monazite sands through Moab is insignificant and of no
consequence.
8.Opinion
For the reasons grven above, my opinion is that the transportation of the Heritage
Minerals monazite sands through Moab and processing at the White Mesa Mill does not
represent any new or unusual hazard and that the potential hazards from transporting and
processing this material is well within the range ol and no different in type from, the
potential hazards represented by other alternative feed materials which have been or are
proposed for tansport through Moab and processing at the White Mesa Mill and that the
22 Decernber 2000 t7 SENES Consultans Umitod
dose to any person in Moab arising from the transport of the monazite sands through
Moab would be insignificant and of no consequence
It is my opinion that even the worst case scenario - a truck accident resulting in spillage
in downtown Moab - is very unlikely to pose any greater actual haeard than does existing
background radiation. ruSA has a transportation emergency response plan in place,
requiring immediate cleanup to pre-spill levels, to deal with such concenrs. Spillage of
the monazite sands, like any sands, could readily be cleaned up using backhoes and front-
end loaders, the same tlpe of equipment used to load the sand in transport containers in
the first place. Moreover, the sands would be transported in containers that make it
unlikely that all of the monazite sand would be released from such containers in the event
of a transportation accident. In my opinion, there is no reasonable expectation of public
exposure or any public health hazard even in the event of a transportation accident and
spill of the monazite sand.
Furttrer Affiant sayeth not.
b'dQ". B. C-!,^-,^^[r.-
Douglas B. Chambers, Ph.D.
Executed this {rt day of January, 2001, at Ontario, Canada.
22 Dccember 2000 l8 SENES Consultants Umitcd
t
United States National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) 1987.
Exposure of the population in the United States and Canadafrom Natural Background
Radiation. 30 December. NCRP Report No. 94.
22 Docqnbcr 2000 19 SENES Consulhnts Limitcd
Douclas B. CHAMBERS
Vrce-president, Director of Radioactivity and Risk Studies
Eoucnrox
B.Sc. (Honours), Physics, 1968, University of Waterloo
(University of Waterloo Tuition Scholarship)
Ph.D., Physics, 1973, McMaster University (National
Research Council Science Scholarship)
Two Sessions at the Advanced School for Statistical
Mechanics and Thermodynamics, University of
Texas, Austin, 1970 and l97l
Air Pollution Diffrrsion, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle
Park, 1974
Annual Health Physics Course, Chalk River Nuclear
Laboratories, 1974
Observations on Human Populations, School of
Hygiene, University of Toronto, 1979
PnoTgSSIONAL AFFILIATIONS
Advisory Committee on Radiation Protection (1993 to
present - committee advises the Canadian Nuclear
Safety Commission on matters concerning
radiation protection)
American Nuclear SocietY
American Physical SocietY
Canadian Standards Association, Member of Technical
Committee on Environmental Radiation Protection
(1978 to 1994, Chairman 1987 to 1994)
Canadian Standards Association, Member of Technical
Committee on Risk Analysis (1989 to present)
Canadian Radiation Protection Association
Health Physics Society (U.S.)
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (U.S.)
New York AcademY of Sciences
Society for Risk AnalYsis (U.S.)
United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of
Atomic Radiation ([TNSCEAR), Member 1998 to
date, Canadian delegation
U.S. National Council on Radiation Protection and
Measurements, Scientific Committee 85 on Risk of
Lung Cancer from Radon (1991 to date)
Awlnos
1997 W.B. Lewis Award (Canadian Nuclear
Association) for achievements in environmental
radioactivity.
Experuexce
1980 to date - SENES Consultants Limited
Vice-President and Director of Nsk and Radioactivity
Studies. Technical responsibilities include
management and technical direction of multi-
disciplinary studies including: environment impact
assessments; environmental pathways and dose
assessments; air dispersion modelling studies of radon
and dense/reactive gases; ecological risk assessments;
human health risk assessments; radioactivity exposure
evaluations; mine waste management; geochemical
modelling assessments; low-level radioactive waste
management; and risk (cost) - benefit analyses.
Dr. Chambers has contributed to the development of,
and made extensive use of the methods of uncertainty
analysis for: exposure pathways analysis; dose
reconstruction and epidemiological investigations; risk
assessments; and application of environmental
statistics.
Environmental Assessment - Numerous, assessments
including: the preparation of an environmental impact
statement for the decommissioning of a large uranium
tailings facility in northern Saskatchewan; and a risk
(cost) - benefit analysis for the reclamation of an rn
sr'tu leach property in Texas.
Human Health Risk Assessment - Numerous studies
including: investigations into harmonization of cancer
and non-cancer risk; integrating quality oflife issues in
cost-benefit analyses; studies of the effect of
uncertainty in exposure (dose) on the feasibility of
epidemiological investigations, pharmacokinetic
modelling and toxicological assessments of uranium,
arsenic and other toxins; and evaluation of the risks
associated with nickel in soils at contaminated sites
proximate to nickel production facilities.
Risk assessments performed under Dr. Chambers'
direction include evaluation of risks from: radioactivity
in phosphogypsum arising from use in agriculture and
road construction; radioactivity, and various metals in
drinking water; reuse of industrial contaminated sites;
incineration of municipal wastes and accidental release
of chlorine from waste water teaunent facilities.
Other projects include: LNG storage facility; blood
mercury levels and water level regulation in respect to
low-head hydro projects; release of volatile organics
from waste water treatment plant; risks for altemative
uses of sewage sludge; and exposure to fugitive dust
emissions from mining, municipal, radioactive and
hazardous waste management activities.
Ecological Risk Assessment - Dr. Chambers has
played a key role in the development of ecological risk
assessment methodologies for mining regions in
northern Saskatchewan and northern Ontario, and in
SENES Consultanb Limited
Q.". cxeMaens, Pree 2
support of decontamination planning for contaminated
industrial sites. Dr. Chambers also completed an
ecological risk assessment for the use of slag from
refining operations as construction fill.
Facility Risk Assessment - Dr. Chambers has been
involved in numerous facility risk assessments
involving petrochemicals, ammonia, uranium
hexafluroide, and chlorine amongst others. He has
supervised a number of ransportation risk studies
involving petrochemicals, acids, radioactive waste,
sludge and ore slurry. He has also been involved in a
health and safety risk analysis for oxygen and nirogen
pipelines. These projects have been conducted in
Ontario, British Columbiq Saskatchewan, South Africa
and Trinidad.
Geochemical Modelling and Assessment
Dr. Chambers is active in the development and
application of geochemical models for evaluation of
management options for mine waste rock and tailings.
He was a senior scientist in a multi-disciplinary study
team assisting the Federil German Environment
Ministry with the decommissioning of uranium mining
and processing sites in Saxonia and Thiiringia, where
geochemical modelling was employed to perform a
comparative evaluation of rehabilitation options for
multiple surface waste rock heaps, including evaluation
of specific criteria for relocation of waste rock to a
large open pit mine, and geochemical simulation of the
backfilled pit as well as the flooding of the entire
mining area. Other geochemical assessments include
evaluation ofalternatives for reducing acid generation
of mine waste heaps in South Africa.
Radioactivity - Director or senior health physics
advisor for numerous studies pertaining to radiation
protection including: dose reconstruction and
epidemiologic analyses of persons exposed to elevated
radon progeny concentrations including residents of
Port Hope Ontario and uranium miners of Beaverlodge,
Port Radium and Colorado Plateau; reconstruction of
environmental exposures and doses from radioactive
contaminated sites, decommissioning of uranium and
thorium facilities; review of thorium metabolism data;
and uranium biokinetic models; development of
decommissioning criteria and guidelines; dose
assessment and the development of health and safety
practices for uranium mine workers; and the
application of the ALARA optimization principal.
Remedial Actions and Decommissioning - Directed
and participated in numerous decommissioning and
remedial action programs for NORM (naturally
occurring radioactive material) wastes and low-level
radioactive waste (LLRW) management sites, uranium
mining facilities in Canada United States and overseas.
Dr. Chambers directed conceptual design studies for
disposal of LLRW in near-surface facilities and
engineered underground cavems. He also directed a
study to investigate the technical and economic
feasibility of a commercial LLRW facility in Canada.
Air Quality Assessment - Provided technical direction
to atmospheric dispersion studies involving
dense/reactive gases such as ammonia, chlorine,
anhydrous hydrogen fluoride and N2/O, and uranium
hexafluoride releases. Dr. Chambers developed a
detailed physicaVchemical model for the release,
atmospheric transport and deposition of uranium
hexafluoride for an accident at a uranium hexafluoride
facility in Gore Oklahoma. He has carried out
numerous site-specific modelling studies of thermal
power stations, numerical air quality modelling for
complex terrain, calibration/verifi cation studies, and
development of long-range transport models.
1973-1980 - James F. MacLaren Limited
General Manager, Nuclear Projecs Division fiom 1977
to 1980. Responsible for the development of the firm's
capabilities in environmental radioactivity and
radiation protection. Project Manager for the Air
Environment Division from 1973 to 1977.
Environmental specialist on matters pertaining to the
air environment and/or radioactivity on numerous
environmental impact assessments across Canada and
internationally.
Specialist input to the development, implementation
and interpretation of results from air quality and
meteorological surveys, air dispersion analyses and
noise assessments at several types of industial projectsat locations across Canada. Developed a
meteorological control system for large oil fired power
plant in New Brunswick.
Project scientists for the development of national
inventory of sources, emissions and environmental fate
of mercury, lead and beryllium and asbestos.
Tecxucll pApERS AND PRESENTATIoNS
More than 100 technical papers, reports and
publications (list available upon request). He has also
presented seminars and workshops on a variety of
topics, in Canada, the United States, Europe and Africa.
SENES Consultants Limited
l8 Octobg 2000
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]U-F
I]NITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGIJLATORY COMN{ISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD PAIYEL
Before Administative Judges:
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Dr. Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistaut
*
TN TIIE MATTER OF: ** DocketNo.40-8681-MLA-8
INTERNATIONAL I.JRANIUM (USA) *
CORPORATION * ASLBP No. 00-782-08-MLA*
(Source Material License Amendment) * January ll,200l*
CERTIFICATE OF' SERVICE
I hereby certiff that I caused true and complete copies of the foregoing International
Uranium (USA) Corporation's Opposition to Sarah M. Fields Request for Reconsideration in the
above-captioned matter to be served, by electronic mail on January 9,2001to the individuals
indicated by an asterisk, by courier toOffice of Rulemakings and Adjudication and also by first-
class, postage prepaid mail on this l lm day of January, 2001 to:
The Honorable G. Paul Bollwerk, III U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Chief Judge Office of the General Counsel
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission I1555 Roclcville Pike
Two White Flint North
I1545 Rockville Pike
Mail Stop T-3F23
Roc}ville, MD 20852
Office of the Secretary *
Attn: Rulemakings and
Adjudication Staff
One White Flint North
11555 Rockville Pike
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Rockville, Maryland 20852
RocLille, MD 20852
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel
One White FlintNorth
I1555 Rockville Pike
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Rockville, Maryland 20852
Office of Rulemakings and
Adjudication
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
I1555 Rockville Pike
Rockville, MD 20852
Administative Judge *
Ann Marshall Young
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Mail Stop T-3-F23
Washington, D.C. 20555-000 I
Sarah M. Fields *
P.O. Box 143
Moab, UT 84532
Administrative Judge
Dr. Charles N. Kelber
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Mail Stop T-3 F23
Washington, D.C. 20555-000 I
Documcnt#: l062l8Ev.t
Frederick S. Phillips
SHAW PITTMAN
2300 N Streeq N.W.
Washington, DC 20037
COUNSEL TO INTERNATIONAL
URANTUM (USA) CORPORATTON
2
2021517001 T-831 ?.002/021 F-861fDac-l 0-2000 0l :5Spm From-SHAIY PlTTItAtl
In thc Mauer of:
Before Adminislrati ve Judges :ann Marshsll young fresiaiafofficer
Dr. Charles N. Kelbei Special
INTERNATIONAT URANNIM GJSA;CORPORATION
(Souce Mareriat License Ameudmeil,
License No. SUa-tscsl
Docker No. 4Gg68 I _MLA-E
ASLBP No. 00-782-08_MtA
Decembcr 5,2000
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
The presidiug ofricer's November z4,2o[,ordcr (Denying perftioner,s
Requesr ro File Addirional Marerials) contains rwo rulings: l) a ruling denying my
Ocrober 10, 2000, Morion for Leave ro File Our-of-Time artd 2) a ruting denying my
November l?'2000'Requesr rc Respond ro Inrenmrional urarrirrm (usa) corporadon,s
November l3 Subminal.
I respectfully reguesr thar rhe Presiding officer rccousider borh of rhese nrlings
for tbe reasoas srared betow.
r' on ocmber I0,2000,I requested rha I be altowed to fire our-of_rime. Tbe
filing rhar I requesred m be filed our_of-rime was ruy Finr Suppleme$ ro pedrioner,s
NUCLEAn REGuLAToRy coMMIssT oN
PETTNONER,S REQUEST TTIAT THE PRESIDING OFEICER
,ffS$j.?:*lig]:ry1E?;.t i6o, onorn @ENyrNG
Dac-lg-2000 0l:55pm From-SHAll PlTTIlAll 2021547001
Augus 9' 2(x)o, Request for Hearing ("Supplemeil,), which I submiued orr ogober lg,
2000' The ocrober 18 Supplemar was based oa perrinenr new informarion tbar u/as Eor
available to me at the rime I filed my initial regue$ for heariug of Augjrsl 7, 2000. I
supplemenred my inirial rcquest for hearing based on perrinen new infornrarion direcdy
relared Io rhe guesriou of my sranding in rhe preseu proceediug. The lare filing of uy
october l8 Supplemem is excusable end will nor resuft in any uudue prejudice ,o rhe
Interuational Uranirrm (JSA) Corporatiou (-ruSA,).
2' whilc I r,as recovering &om a cold, flrL and fever, and had still nor reurmed to
wodq I conncred corurser for IUSA. I reguesrcd treir qpprover of au ereruion forfte
filing ofmy hearing suppleurenr because ofmy ilness. I was rebuffed.
ou ocrober 5' 2000, I rold Mr- Lee Dewy, counscr ro rhe AsLBp, rhat I had beeu
sick. This was the reason thar I had uor been able ro filc my beariag supplemeat on
Seprmber23.
other personal reasors for the delay offiline of my hearing supplemenr inclde
the faq rha I am roully dependeru on a publicly available, shared word processor rhat is
available onry ar cenain dmes and not ar my convenience. addirionally, my regurar
emploluren did nor inctrrde being abre ro address aay ofrhese r,ar*rs.
3' Indeed" aftq IUSA's rebufi I was confused as m how to proceed wheo it
became clear' because ofmy illness and iu spire of my besr effons, I was nor going ro be
able ro submir &c heariog suppleurenr on-rime.
4' The Presiding officer's November 24 order (ar 12.) mendous the fact &ar I
have been invorved ia ar Ieas one orher NucrearReg*rarory comrrission (t{Rc,)
T-83r P.003/021 F-861
2
" Dec-li-2000 0l:55pm From-SHAll PITTIIAI{2021517001 T-831 P-004/021 F-861
3
procceding. I do not undersund how this is relevant ro the preseil proceediag. However,
a review of Docket No. 40-3452-MLA 4/5 would nor reveal any particular pmcedural
expertise olt my PsrL This is evidenced by rhe fact *rat a year aud ahalf afterrhe
grauting of standing in my inirial regue$ for hearing in a relatively uncomplicared maner!
I srill have uot had a hearing nor have I ever been served the required beariug file. The
proceeding is currenrly in an iuexplicable, unjusrified srare of limbo,
Additionally' I have absolutely no legal rraiuing, and I do nor bave access ro a law
library.
5- Prior to Seprember 2E, I did scek further infornarion regardiug IUSA,s July 5,
2000' request ro arneud Source Marerial License SUA-1358 ("Amendmeut Requcsf).
On August 17 rhe NRC Public Documeur Room ("PDR-) serr me a Bibliograpbic
Retrieval system C'BRS') primorn ofNRC Docker No. +G.8g80 for Herirage Minerals,
Inc. (*HMI'), Lakehurst, New Jersey, pursuail rny requesr. fu Exhibir A, os
Seprember 5' I requesred thiny-seven HMI records. I received rhese records the next
weelq a day or two before rhe Seprember 14 telepbone confereoce. Sgg Exhibir B.
It took dme for me to review the new informarioa conrained in these records. Ir
took rime for me m ascernin which NRC records rhar should have been indexed ro
DocketNo- +G'8980 were missing. Several records wcre missia& mo$ irnportaudy, tlre
original inspecdou reporr, which led ro rlre licensing of rhe HMI site' and &e original
licensing package- Thcrefore, I begarr rc cornposc a Freedom of Informarion Ag1 reguesl
Ou Septanbcr 28 I did a more exrEnsive BRS search on a shared" publicly aveilable
cotnpurcr- I locared rhe original liccnsing psckage qnd some odrer HMI records thar were
Dac-19-2000 0l :56pnr Fronr-SHAll PITTI|AiI 2024547001
missing from rhe Docket No. a0-g9g0 index. I immediarely ordered these docrrnear.
(The original iuspecrion repon is srill missing from rhe public Ecord.)
The new batcb of docurnents yielded firnlrer new informarion rhat I needed ro
review. I incorporated some of ilris new informarion in my Ocrober lE Supplemenr The
hesidine officer's ocrober 26 order (Reguesring Informarion and permiuing Response
rc Peririoner's October lE, 2000, Filing) refcrs ro some of tbis new informadon,
specifically, a Seprember 27,lggo,lener fiom Anrhouy J. Thompsou to rbe NRC. My
october l0 Morion for Leave ro File ou-of-Time refers ro my need rc review this ueu,
informadon.
6. My October l0 regrresr rhar I be atlowed ro file my Ocrober I8 Supplemenr
our-of-drne was a reasonably jrrsrifiable rcquest grven I) rhe facr of my illnesg 2) rtre
exensive amount of marrial thar I needed ro review, 3) my conrinued diligeuce in
ptusuiug ofrrecessity, olher very peflinenr informarion regardiug IUSA,s July 5 Amend
Req,,est 4) my diligence in composing my ocrober lg Supplement and 5) rhe
acknowledged relevance, by the Fresiding Oflicer, of rhe informadon conrained fu my
Ocrober l8 Supplemeru.
7' Wherher or trot I nras remiss in not addressing rtre lare filing of uy october lg
supplement in a more dmely ,o.trner and wherher or nor I did not bave good cause ro fire
the o"tober t8 Supplemeil our-of-dme no louger appears n be relevant to lhis
proceeding.
The Presiding ofificer reviewed my ocrober I8 filing and, based on that rcvieq
soughr addirional informarion from Inrcrnational uranium (usal corporarion (*rusA,)
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by ntay of an oqober 26, zctr}f.,order (Reguesting Informadon and perminiug Response
ro Peririoner's ocrober rg, 2000' Filing). The presiding officer issu.d rhe ocrober 26
order based on the f8cr that in my ocrober l8 filing I *raised the issue ofrhs
concentradon and radiological acriviry of the rhorium couraiued in rhe Herirage Minerals
Site in such a manoer' wirh such suPponing documeuaiou rhar a leasr a minimal degree
offurttrer inqurry on rhis issue is found ro be appropriare.,' -See order (Reg,esriag
Informarion and Permining Response ro petidoner,s Ocrober lg,2000, Filing), Oclober
26,2000,pages l-2.
In orher words, *re Presiding officer considered lhe new information I presemed
in my ocrober l8 S'lnpleurent an4 based on rhar new irrformarion, issrred the ocrober 26
Order requesring additional informarion from IUSA. In doing so, r5e presiding Officer
accepted my Ocrober t8 filins as a supplemeur ro my AugusI T reques for heariug.
The Presiding officcr's octobcr 26 order regue*ing addirional informariou
demonstrates thar the Presiding officer feh rhar the significaoce of rhe informaion I
submined on Ocrober l g ounreighed any rimeliness cousideradons.
On November 24, 2000, Order, he presidiug Officer denied my Ocrober I0
reque$ that I be able rc prcsen my ocrober 18 supplement our-of-tirre. By doing So, rhe
Presidiug officer is sraring rhat she will no consider the new informarion I presenred in
rny octobc l8 Supplemem for rhe purposes of derermining my srandiug becsuse rb.
Ocrober l8 Supplemenr was fited-our-of rime.
I do uot thing rlrink thar ir is proper or fair for rhe presiding officerro accepr my
oclober l8 fitins for one pulposer that is, rhe basis for her ocrobcr 26 orderrequesriag
: Dec-t0-2000 0l:56pm From-SHAlt PITTIIAI{202451700 1
additional informariou, aild not accept ir for another purpose, tha is, as a srrpplemem ,o
my Augtlst 7 bearing reguesl and a basis for dercnnining *y sranding in rhe preseor
prooeediug
The Presidi[g Offrcer must accept and corsider my Ocober tB filiug for all
purposes for wtricb rhe filing was submiuc4 not ju$ Ihe ones the ftesiding Officer
chooses.
8' I do DoI see how the Presidiug officer can consider rhe informarion provided
by IUSa in rtre November l3,2000,Inremarional Uranium (IJSA) Corporarioa,s
Response m tre Presidiag Oflicer's Octobe.r 26,z}O}Reguesr for Iuformarion
f Response') wirhour also considering the informarion I pmvidod in my Ocrober IE
Suppleurent.
There is a contradi$ion berween rhe informarion provided by IUSA on November
l3' the inforcrarion provided by IUSA on July 5, and rhe inforroariou I provided on
ocrober I8 regarding rhe rpral rhorium conrcur (rhoriuru-232 plrc ttrorium.22g) of the
Herirage Minerals,Inc-, monazire sand. This contradictiou is not resolved by Anachment
A (uranium and Thorium Acdviries in Liceused Ores and prodrrcrs) of IUSA,s
November 13 Response. SeS Exhibir C.
IUSA, in AnaclunEnt A of its November l3 Response, $arcs for the first rims thar
the marerial that IUSa poposes .o rranron, receive, and proccss conrains lrl0g
picocuies of pral rhorium Per gram.If the rgtal rhorium conreil of the HMI uonazire
sand pile is l'lg0picocruies Per gram, rhen rhe mona,ite pile musr contain approximarely
!9! picocuries per gram of rhorium-z32.
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The Radioactive Marcrial Profile Record, Exhibil 5 of IUSA's JuIy 5 Ameudmenr
Request' $ales thar rlre HMI monszitc sand contains 1.,109 picocuries ofr5origm-232.
This represenr a roret rhorirun coultrDt of2.3gQ picocwies per sam.
Norc thar the Jarruary 9, 1992, NRC staffmemorandum indicares rhar rtre rol4
thorium conteDl (ttrorium-232 plus rhorirrm-228) ofthe HMI uronazirc sand is calculated
by doubling the amount ro thoriusr-232. See NRC statrmernorandum fiom Mr. Jobn D.
Kinneman" chief, Research Developmear" and Decommissioning Secriou Nuclear
Materials Safety Branch, DRSS" Region I, to Mr- John Be- Glenn, Chief, Medical,
Acaderuic, and Comrnercial Use Safery Branch, January g,lgg2(Exhibil D).
Auachrnent A conuadicts lhe informsrion I provided in my Ocrober Ig
Supplernenr rtrat indicared thar rhe monazire pite conrains approximarcly ?.offi picocuries
of rhorirrrr-232 per gram and approximately 4,0fi) picocuries of r.qal *rorium (rhorium-
232 plus ttroriurn-228) per Eram. See Extribft D-
These conradictions in IUSA's statemenr regarding the rhorium conteDr ofthe
HMI rhoriated monazirc marrial must be considered in the light of the inforrnadon
conrained in rhe 1992 NRC sraffmemorandum rhar submiuod wirh my october IE
Supplemcrrt.
9. The hesiding Officer,s November 24, 2000, Order (ar lg-), iu suppon of dre
ruling rhar I be deded my November 17,2000, requesr rhar I be permiued ro respond ro
IUSa's Novembcr I3 submittral, stares thar I have provided ..a significaor amouil of
information and argumenr to suppofl [my] challenge of IUSA,s license amendnenr
applicarion."
Dec-19-2000 0l:5Ipm From-SHAII PITTIIAI{202454700 1
The Presiding Officer nexl denies my Ooober l0 request to file our-of-dme that
*significarrt flnoutt of information aud argumenl- This leaves me ia the positiou of not
having provided *a significant amouJ[ of informariou and argumeur."
I ftink there is a couuadicrionhere.
10. I respecrfully reguest thar the Presiding Officer reconsiderrtre November 24,
2000, Order denyrng my October l0 reguest ro file my October l8 Supplemeor ouI-of-
rime, based on *re reasons outlined above, I respectfully reryect thar the Presiding
Officer sccept my October l8 filing as a supplemeut lo my Au€ust 7 requcs for hearing.
Denie! of Perfiipner's Ngvembq,!7.200.0,Re9Ues to nqply
l. On November 17, 2000, I filed Petitioner's Regucsr ro Respond rc
Internarional-Urani'rrn (USA) Corporatiou'sNovember 13,2000, Submiwal. IUSA's
submiral is enrilled Inremarional Uranium (uSA) Corpomdon's Respouse to tbe
hesiding Officer's October 26,2000 Requesr for Informatiou f'Response").
The Presiding Offica's November 24,2000. Order denied my November 17
request.
2- I should be allowed rc reply ro IUSA's November l3 Response because
IUSA's Response contains significan new inforEarion previously unavailable ro myself.
This aew informarion bears upou rhe quesrion of my standing in *re presenl proceeding.
The Novernber 13 Respouse in anachment A, entided Uranium and Thoriun
Activides iu Licensed Ores and Producs, presents new informarion pereining m rhe !g:tr!
rhorium coDleBI ofrhc material IUSA proposes to uanspon rhrough Moab, UIah, ro the
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White Mesa MiU. Anachment A ststes thar fie ro.ral rhorium conreur of rhe HMI marerial
is 1,,I90 picocuries per gr:tm. This is the flrs time IUSA has presenred iuforrrarion
rsgarding rhe LouI thoriuur courcil of rhe HM monazire sand- UHMI monazire sand
connins 1.190 picoctuies oftord rhorium, rheu rhe marrial connins approximarely I9S
picocruies of rhorium-232-
Note thar &e January 9, LW2.,NRC smff memorandum indicarcs rha rtre roleJ
thorium conlenl (rtrorium-232 plus tlrorium-228) of tbe HMt morrazire sand is calculared
by doubling rhe amounr ro rhoriuu-232. See Exhibir D.
The new informatio$ in Atuachment A conradicts the informariou provided in the
Radioacrive Marerial Profile Record (-RMPR,) anached as Exhibir 5 ro IUSA,s July 5
Amendmcnt Reguesl The RMPR suues that the HMI marerial connins l.lg0 picocuries
of&orium-23?wr gralrl- This would indicate a LouI rhorium conrcEr (r5orilnr-232 plw
rtrorium-228) of 2-380 picocuries per gpru.
This new informariou (and rhe old informsrion) provided by IUSA clearly
contradicts (by a significant percenmge) the informaliou regardrng rhe tborium conteur of
the HMI monazile material contained iu the Jaouary g,lgg2NRC sr8ffmemorandum.
The 1992 NRC sraffmemorandurq provided to rhe panies m rhis procading with my
October l8 Supplemeu) stEtes that the rnonazire pile conrains approximately 2.000
picocruies ofrhorium'232 pcr gram and approximarely a.QQg picocuries ofIoul rhorium
(thorium-232 plus thorium-228) per gram. get Exhibir D.
The couuadiclions regardiag rhe roral rtrorium conrcnt ofrhe HMI rlroriarcd
monqzirc marerial mu* be resolved.
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The amount of rtrorirrm-232 and thorium-228 conrained in rhe HMI ruarerial bears
direoly on rtre guestion of my srandiug in rhe presenr proceeding. This is so because rbe
radiological hazands presenred by tborium-232 (rhe pareu isorope) and irs p'ogeny
(thorium-228, radium-Z2&,etc.) are very differcat fiom the radiological hazards
Presented by uranium-228 and rraniurn-235 (parenr isoropes),and rbeir proge1y (rboriuu-
234, rhoriun-230, rhorirun-23l, tboriuu-227, radiuru -?26, Ets).
2' Anachmeil & ar Norc (5), conrains very significanr Dew inforrrarion thar calls
iuro rhe que*ion IUsA's Jury 5 A.urendment Request and rhe July I7, 2000, Fedd
R,egisg Norice ("FRIrr'; noricing rhar requesr (65 Fed. Reg. a407g). Bo& IUSA,s
Amendmenr Reguest and the July t? FRN srarc rlnr the marerial thar IUsa proposes ro
Process is a monazire sand pile belonging to HMI and tocarcd ar Lakehurs;r, New Jersey.
Nore (5) of anachmcil A ro IUSA's November 13 Bespouse $ales:
Thorium esdmarc provided by S. Fields of 4,000 pci/g is for only aponion of rhe marerial h^rng sent rc IUC. The ,ulu, quored is rbiesdmared ave*ge varue forail rhe marerial tpr"p.r.dio be] senr ro IUc.
The January 9, rgg2,NRc $atrrnemorandum sultes thar &e monazite pile
contairs *approximarely 4,000 picocuries ofthorium per gram of monazire sand,- -S'g
Exhibir D.
Nore (5) briugs forward several very imporranr quesrions:
o If 4,000 picocuries of roral thorium per gran is for ouly a poqron of rhe
narerial to be senr to IUSA, whal exactly does rhe otherponion consisrs op
Dec-1 B-2000 F ronr-SHAIY P lTTIlAll 2024517001
If ille value of 1,190 picocuries of toul rhorium per gram is the e$imated
avenlge value for aII tre marrial proposed to be sent to ruSAb what exactly is
beiag averaged iu addirion to rhe mouazirc pile?
what exaoly does gll rhe HMI marcrial consisl of beyond rhe morrazir saod
PilC?
The factthat IUSA appareuly inrends rc receive and process othcr mareriel
besides the HMI monazjre sand pile is significan new intormari.o! rtur I should be
permitted ro address- Whether or not ruSA is plannine to Rampon and process orher
HMI marcrials in addirion ro rhe rhoriated monazirc sand pile would, obviorsly, bear
direcdy ou my sranding in the present proceeding.
3. on ils facs IUSA's November 13 Response was not responsive to rhe
Prcsiding Officer's October 26 requesr for informarion. The ocrober 26 OrderGque$ed
thn IUSA provide specific informaion regarding rhe specific radiological conren and
picocuries Per-Farn amoults and levels of materials aurhorized under License No SUA-
1358 and ransponed through Moab, Urah, rc rhe whire Mesa Mill. The informarion was
requesred by rhe Presiding officer in orderm rnake a comparison bepeen &e
radiological corrcil of rhe HMi marrials and other marerials marrsporred rtuough Moeb
ro rbe Whire Mesa Mill.
IUSA's November 13 Response, in Auachmen A, does nor provide a comparisou
of *re sPecific radiologicat constitltens of ttre HMI marcriat and other malerials, as
reque*ed by the Presiding Officer. Anachment A does nor differerriare belween
thorium-232 and thorium-22E (respecrively, rhe pareil isorope and progeny) ard rtre orhcr
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t2
thorium isotopes that are rhe progeny of uranirun-238 aud ruanium-235: thorium-z34,
thorirm-23O, thorium-23l, and &oriurn-227. ruSA should have pmvided a breakdovm
based upo! ille various rhorium isotopes involved. Withorn sucb a breakdown ofrln
specific thoriuru isotopes, ir is irppossiblg to compsre rhe specific radiological courear of
the HMI material wittr rtrar of any orher marerial.
It is quite reasonable to expect tha the uranium bearing ores qnd uranium beariog
alnrnae feed materials worrld conlain varyiug amounrs of thorium. However the
*roriun contained in uranium bearing matcrials appe€rs as rhe resulr of the decay of
uranium-238 and uranium-23S- The parcnt isorope thorium-232 and irs progeny,
thorium-2Z8, do not occur auromatically in uranirurr bearing ores or uranium bearing feed
maerials.
As I anempred ro rnake clear in rry October l8 Submirnl, the presenoe of
thorium-232 and *rorium-2Z8 in uranium feed marcrial is unusual and presens new ard
unigue radiotoxic health and safety, euvironmeilal, and regularcry considerarions. IUSA,
iu Anachmerr A, provides absolurely no information indicaring thar any orher ores or
feed marerials uansponed through Moab ro rhe White Mesa Mill conrain any amounrs of
thorium-23 2 or rhorium-228.
4. A review of the appendices to IUSA's Novernber 13 Response shonn t}at:
t Numerous sarnples ofrhe maerials from the Linde Sire, Touawanda New
York, (Appendix B) conrain berween 0.6 aad 5.0 picocuries of rhorium-23Z
per gr.uu, wirh a mean of 1.4 picocuries per gram (pcilg).
202154700 1 T-932 P.014/021 F-861' Dec-l9-2000 02:00pm From-SHAII PlTTIlAil
l3
r Numerous samples ofrlre matedals from tlre Asiland I Site, Touawanda New
yorh (Appcndix C) conraiu berween 0.5 and 7,1 picocuries ofthorium-232
per gram," wi*r an sverage of l-4 pcilg-
r Saruples of rhe Cameco-Calcine rnarerial (Appeudix K) indicale &at tuee out
of eleven sanrples conrained 18,40, and 9.2 BUs ofrhodum-232 and 2.6,2.5,
aDd2.7 Bg/g rtrorirm 228, respeaively-
Auachment A provides no information regarding how Bpg compares ro pCi/g.
Most ofrlre informatiorr provided in rhe orher Appendices refers specifically to
tre amognr of rhoriusr-230, rhe progeny of uranirun-23S. The orber informatioo
contained in rbe Appendices does nor mcution any specific thorirrm isonpe contetrI.
Aru16hmeil A does not li$ any of rhe many other radiological consriruents ofthe
HMI material- Anachment A does not compare any ofrhe orher HMI radiological
cousdrgenrs wirh the orhcr radiological constiluens of the orher marerials ransponed
rluough Moab Io *re Whire Mesa Mill. Most imponanrly, Anachment a gives no
comparison of rhe radium-228 (progeny of rhorium-228) and radirur-226 (progeny of
uranium-238). A comparison of rhe +ecific radiological activity of these rwo radium
isoropes for all rtre marerials lised in Appendix a would makc ir perfectly clear that the
radiological coorcil ofrhe HMI monazir sand was very differenr from the various other
mElerials.
Addirionally, Anachmeut A only gives aby-weight percctrutge comparison for the
combined ruanirnrr constinreurs, it does tror givc a by-weight perceilage comparisou for
rhe general thorium consinreut.
Dac-lg-2000 02:0opm From-SHAu PlTTltAtl 202451700 l
4, Novernbcr l?, the day I received thc Anachmerrs and ApPeudices rc IUSA's
November 13 Rcsponse I did not have the oppomrrriry rc fully review and respoud ro
IUSA's Response becaux I was finishing rtsks in prepararion of a previously ptanned
rip our of srare on November 18. Howevtr, il was -blarantly obvious tbat IUSA's
November 13 Response was Dot a complere and accurate response n rhe Presiding
Officer's Ocrober 26 Order and raised funlrer quesdous regarding rhe accuracy and
completeness ofIUSA's July 5 Anendmcrrt Request.
If I'd had the {me, I would have wrinen my response ror}re Novernber 13
subminal and included it with my reguest to reply. I did not undersmnd tbe eneut to
wbich I needed ro jusriff my November 17 reqrrcst ro respond rc a filing that was so
obviously rrnresponsive rc the hesiding Officer's Ocober 26 Order.
It was my intent to specifically explaur, in a deniled maruer, bow and why
IUSA's November 13 Response was nol complete ard accurare and bow ir conuadicted
IUSA's July 5 Amendme$ Reques in uy acnral reply ro lUSA'sNovernber 13
Reqponse. I sraned wriring rhar response while I was our of srar and planned to submit ir
before the deadline thst I had requesred.
5. The Presiding Officer's November 24 Ordcr rules (at 18,) tbEI I should be
denied rhe oppomrnity ro reply to IUSA's November 13 Response, in part, becarrse I have
provided "a significanr amouil of informuion and argument ro suppon [my] challeuge of
IUSA's liceuse amendmeru applicariou-" Ttle Fresiding Of,lrcer oeic rules rha my
Ooober l0 request ro submir rhat "significant amount of informadon and arguureut" orn-
dne-be denied" The rwo ruliugs are coaradicrcry.
T-832 P 015/021 F-861
l4
-- DEc-I0-2000 02:00pm Fronr-SHAll PITTUAII 2024517001 T-832 P.016/021 F-861
I5
6. Gveu rbe abovc, I rcspecrfirlly requesr that the Presiding Officer reconsider
the Noveruber 24 denial of my November 17 request thar I be permiued Io 6le a reply to
IUSA's Noveruber 13 ReqPonse-
I respecfirlly reque$ rfiar rhe Presiding Officer acceP1 my December 5, 2000,
Second Supplemenr to Peririoner's August 9,2000, Request for Hesringrtrg is based on
rhe new inforrration conrained in IUSA's Novenrber 13 Respouse.
Sincerely, . '5;J,/>%
Sanh M. Fields
Darcd ar Moab, UtEh
This 5s day of December 2000
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Dac-19-2000 02r0lpn From-SHAt PITTllA[{202454700 I T-832 P.019/021 F-861
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From:
To:
Date:
Subiect:
Hellol
"SAMH FIELD$ <[e-mail]>
<Fdr@nrc-gov>
tAled, Sep 6, 2000 2:12PM
Request for NRC Records
(Dr..)
c!'
PEase senc rne lhe following NRC records:
(l am hslmg lhe records by Acceaa'ron Number. with date of oocunrnl in
parenthescs.)
1. 9006270344 (900ss0)
2. 9104010069 (900928)
3. 93ffi220s44 (901130)
4. 9012060079 (9011s0)
5. 9306220364 (S1O22B)
6. 918010063 (910313)
7 9104010130 (9103?2)
E. el06070026 (810522)
9. 9306220362 (s10903)
1o- s30620357 (sIos12)
1 1. 9306220366 (920109)
12. 9203040203 |.92A2?B)
13. 9205130058 (920410)
14. 93062035? (920429)
15. 9s07sooo49 (930624)
16. 94072s010E (94072 1)
17- 9411230292(U1sl7t
16.950s24O338 (94110D
19_ 95121 10410 (9s1 120)
20. 96012902s3 (960r?{)
21. s609040272 (s6dB1 9)
2?. 9609040158 (s6OE27)
23- 9610220043 (961009)
24. e61 r 150283 (961 108)
?i. st ouoo33z (szo2ffi l+i'' ?
25. e7o401o572 (970321)
27.970328007? (e7mz1)
28. e704240027 (97041E)
29 9803120051 (eBo227)
30. s8o7130305 (980630)
31. 0809090120 (9t0827)
s2.99020s0121
33. ee020501 12 (990201)
34.9904oEo00s (eemr6)
35. g91o28o07s (eeo820)
36. 89090200s6 (9eo824)
37. 991028m53 (es101s)
,,-,,"r',; Io' .' r_fl,,n'
-i.^rt4.l ;)yLc" L.,
/otVrt ?-7-r
g;Rt'<$'^
{,/ir
These oocumenr are br Dochet No. 40-8980. Date ol oocument hr *32. is
f-'/o&{
- Dec-l!-2000 02:0lpm From-SHAtl PlTTtl il 2021517001 T-832 ?.0201021 F-86r
990126.
Thank Yot,
sanh Fnus
P.o. Box 143
Moab, Utah 84532-0143
Get Your Private. Free E-tnail from MSN Hotrnailat htrp:rnmrw.nofnsil.com.
Share inforrnation about yoursell creaE your ryn public profib at
http://profi les -msn-oom.
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD PANEL
Before Administrative Judges:
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
t,:'i,,
!_- l.J
'00
Ali ;l
-,q
ln the Matter of
TNTERNATTONAL URANTUM (USA)
COHPORAT!ON
(Source Material License Amendment,
Material from Heritage Minerals Site))
Docket No. 40-8681 -MLA-8
ASLBP No. 00-782-08-MLA
November 24,2OOO
ffi$tvEffi mtt24tf'&'
ORDER
(Denying Petitioner's Reqffi File Additional Materialst
1. Currently outstanding are two requests of Petitioner Sarah M. Fields to file additional
materials in this matter in which she challenges a license amendment application of
lnternational Uranium (USA) Corporation (!USA). ln the license amendment application, IUSA
seeks NRC approval of its receiving up to 2000 cubic yards of alternative feed materialfrom the
Heritage Minerals Site in Lakehurst, New Jersey, and then processing the material at its White
Mesa Uranium Mill near Blanding, Utah; en route to the mill, the Heritage Minerals materiat
would be transported by truck through the petitioner's residence of Moab, Utah.
2. For the reasgns stated below, both of the Petitioner's requests are denied.
Background and Procedural History
3. Given the nature of the activity governed by the license amendment application, the
centrat poticy of the NRC to protect pubtic safety, and the fact that Petitioner Fields is
proceeding pro se in this matter, denial of any request to provide information to support a claim
is not to be taken lightly, and is not so taken in this case. Therefore, in addition to a
t{0v t ? 2000
o,oo
-2-
consideration of the merits of Petitioner Fields' requests, a short overuiew of the procedural
history of this case is in order, to provide a context for the rulings made herein.
4. 'The IUSA application to amend that is at issue in this case was announced in the
July 17, 2OOO, Federal Register (65 Fed. Reg. 44,078). Petitioner Fields filed her Hearing
Request on August 9, 2000. IUSA filed its Opposition to the Request on Augusl?4,2000. On
August 29,2000, the Commission referred the matter to the Licensing Board Panel, and on
August 31, 2000, the Chief Administrative Judge appointed the undersigned as Presiding
Officer and Judge Charles N. Kelber as Special Assistant in the case.
5. On September 14, 2OOO, a telephone conference was held in the case to discuss the
status of the case and the issues involved, and to address any administrative matters, in order
to better assure an appropriate and efficient resolution of all issues. A request by the petitioner
to hold the conference in Utah had previously been denied as not being necessary or
appropriate, but in the interest of openness, any other persons who so wished were permitted
to be present by telephone for the purpose of obseruing/listening to the proceedings. Pursuant
to this arrangement, in addition to the petitioner and representatives of IUSA, Mr. John Darke
was present by telephone and was permitted to make a limited appearance during the
conference.
6. The status of the case, both procedurally and with regard to the requirements for
establishing standing under the law, was discussed during the September 14 conference, and
Petitioner Fields was given the opportunity to ask any questions about the proceedings and to
address the issue of her standing in the case, as wellas Applicant IUSA's opposition to her
request for hearing. The Presiding Officer and the Special Assistant shared information of
which they were aware concerning various possible factual and legal aspects of the case, to
assist the participants in clarifying and efficiently addressing relevant issues in the case, noting
o0 oo
-3-
that this did not foreclose argument to the contrary or the raising of additional issues. Finally,
over the objection ol Applicant IUSA, Ms. Fields was permitted to file a supplemental petition,
and a deadline of September 28, 2000, was set for the filing of the supplemental petition.
7. On October 5, 2000, after more than the presumptive five days for mailing permitted
under 10 C.F.R. SS 2.1203(d) and 2.710 had passed and no supplemental petition had been
received, the Presiding Officer asked ASLBP Counsel Lee Dewey to contact Ms. Fields to
ascertain whether the petition had been mailed and not yet received at the ASLBP. When Mr.
Dewey contacted Petitioner Fields, she told him that she had been ill and intended to file her
supplemental petition on Monday, October 9, 2000.
8. On October 6, 2OOO, an Order was entered requiring the petitioner, not having timely
filed her supplemental petition nor requested an extension with regard to it, to seek leave from
the Presiding Otficer no later than October 10, 2000, to file any supplemental petition out-of-
time.
9. On October 10, 2000, Petitioner Fields filed a Motion for Leave to File Out-of-Time,
not, however, including the supplemental petition of which she had informed Mr. Dewey. A
deadline of October 18, 2000, was then set for Applicant IUSA to file a response to the
petitioner's motion. Thereafter, on October 18, IUSA filed its Opposition to the petitioner's
motion, and on October 19, Petitioner Fields notified the Presiding Officer by e-mail (forwarded
to counselfor IUSA) that she had, on October 18, served her "First Supplement to Petitioner's
August 9, 2OOO, nequest for Hearing" via priority first class mail.
10. Although leave had not at that point been granted to file such a pleading, the
Presiding Otficer did read the document when it was received some days later and, owing to
the nature of some of the information contained therein, on Octobe r 26, ZOOO,an Order was
entered requesting certain information and permitting a response from !USA to the Petitioner's
o,oo
-4-
October 18 "First Supplement." The deadline set for the IUSA response was November 3,
2OOO, which was extended to November 13, 2000, for good cause shown, based on a Motion
for Extension filed by IUSA on November 1, 2000. On November 13, 2000, IUSA filed its
Response to the Presiding Officer's Order, and on November 17,20OO, Petitioner Fields filed a
Request to Flespond to IUSA's Response.
Timeliness lssues
11. Because Petitioner Fields represents herself in this case, some leeway has been
allowed her in this case, as is usual, taking into account her unfamiliarity with legal proceedings
and standards. Part of this leeway included considering her October 18, 2000, "First
Supplement," even though: (a) her Motion for Leave to File Out-of-Time had not yet been ruled
on and her "First Supplement" had thus been filed without leave; (b) she had not sought
permission to file later than the original September 28 deadline for filing her supplemental
petition until more than a week after the original deadline, and then only upon the direction of
the Presiding Officer; and (c) her Motion did not, as directed in the October 6, 2000, Order
Requiring Motion for Leave to File Out-of-Time, explain fully why she was unable to comply with
the originally.scheduled filing date.
12. The Petitioner in her October 10 Motion noted among other things that there were
"personal circumstances beyond the petitioner's control," that she wished to file voluminous
information of various sorts, and that she had not timely received information she had
requested from the UnC puUtic Documents Room. She did not, however, explain in her motion
the nature of the personal circumstances that were occasion for delay, or why she had not
requested any information from the Public Documents Room until September 28, 2000, the
original deadline for a supplementa! petition. Nor did the petitioner, who has during this
proceeding appeared to be relatively lamiliar not only with how to obtain information and file
t.
o0 oo
-5-
documents but also with how to contact the Presiding Officer when she wishes to request
anything, and who has been involved in at least one other NRC proceeding, explain why she
had not requested an extension prior to the September 28 deadline.
13. Notwithstanding allthese considerations, the Petitioner's "First Supplemenf'was
read, to ascertain whether it contained any information that would explain further her
circumstances or otherwise warrant its consideration. Ultimately, it was concluded that the
Petitioner had provided information on the issue of the concentration and radiological activity of
the thorium contained in the Heritage Minerals Site material in such a manner, with such
supporting documentation, that at least a minimal degree of further inquiry on this issue was
found to be appropriate, and as a result the October 26 Order referenced above was entered,
which led to the November 13 filing by IUSA.
14. IUSA's November 13 filing contains, as requested by the Presiding Officer, figures
and information on the radiological content and picocuries-per-gram amounts and levels of prior
materials authorized by IUSA's license or previous amendments thereto and transported to the
White Mesa Mill through Moab, Utah. This information was requested in order that a
comparison could be made between the radiologicalcontent and activity of previous materials
that IUSA was authorized to receive and process at the White Mesa Mill and that were
transported through Moab, and that of the Heritage Minerals materials proposed to be
transported through Moab under the present license amendment application.
15. The relevance of the information requested and provided is that if activities
authorized under the present license amendment application could cause a "distinct new harm
or threat" to the petitioner above and beyond that which she might arguably sutfer as a result of
operations already authorized under !USA's existing license, it might be concluded that she has
standing in this case; on the other hand, if, as argued from the beginning of this case by IUSA,
o,oo
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the materials that would be transported through Moab under the present license amendment
application would not cause any significant injury, harm or threat above and beyond that which
the petitioner might arguably suffer as a result of activities authorized under IUSA's existing
license, this would suggest that she has not shown standing in the case. See, for example,
Commonwealth Edison Company (Zion Nuclear Power Station, Units 1 and 2), CLI-99-4, 49
NRC 185, 192 (1 9991; lnternational lJranium (USA) Corporation (Receipt of Materialfrom St.
Louis, Missouri), LBP-99-24, 49 NRC 495 (1999).
16. ln her November 17 Request to Respond, Petitioner Fields states that she does
"not believe that tUSA's November 13 submittal is a complete and accurate response'to the
Presiding Officer's October 26 and November 6 Orders, and that it "raises further questions
regarding the accuracy and completeness of their July 5, 2OOO, request to amend.' Petitioner
Fields'statements are bare assertions of her beliefs; she provides nothing that gives any
indication of what sort of information might establish the truth of her assertions and beliefs, or of
which information provided by IUSA is allegedly incorrect or incomplete. ln particular, she does
not indicate there is any information to suggest that the figures IUSA has provided with regard
to the radiological content and activity of the materials IUSA has already been authorized and
licensed to receive and process, and which have been transported through Moab on Highway
191 , are incorrect in over-estimating their radiological content and activity.
Rulino
.:
18. At this point the Petitioner has been effectively permitted to provide, and has
provided, a significant amount of information and argument to support her challenge of IUSA's
license amendment application. Especially in light of the lack of any indication of the sort or
relevance of any information she might be able to provide pursuant to her Request to Respond,
it is concluded that granting her Request would be unjustified and serve only to delay further a
)0 oo
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decision on her standing to proceed in this case, which will be forthcoming. The same
reasoning applies to the outstanding Motion for Leave to File Out-of-Time any further
supplements to her original Hearing Request. Both are therefore denied.
It is so ORDERED.
BY THE PRESIDING OFFICER1
Rockville, Maryland
November 24,2000
lCopies of this Order were sent this date by lnternet e-mail transmission to all
participants or counsel for participants.
ao
ln the Matter of
TNTERNATTONAL URANTUM (USA)
CORPORATION
(Source Material License Amendment)
Office of Commission Appellate
Adjudication
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Washington, DC 20555-0001
Administrative Judge
Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel
Mail Stop - T-3 F23
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Washington, DC 20555-0001
Sarah M. Fields
P.O. Box 143
Moab, UT 84532
Dated at Rockville, Maryland,
this 24h day of November 2000
.o
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR HEGULATORY COMMISSION
CEHTIFICATE OF SERVICE
..
!_[elgbycertify that copies of the foregoing LB ORDER (DENytNG pETtIoNER,s
REQUESTS TO FILE ADDITIONAL MATERIALS) have been served upon the folowingpersons by deposit in the U.S. mail, first class, or through NRC inter:naidistribution.
Docket No. 40-8681 -MLA-B
Administrative Judge
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board panel
Mail Stop - T-3 F2g
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Washington, DC 20SSS-0001
Dennis C. Dambly, Esq.
Office of the General Counsel
Mail Stop - O-15 D21
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Washington, DC 205SS-OOO1
Anthony J. Thompson, Esq.
Frederick S. Phillips, Esq.
David C. Lashway, Esq.
Shaw Pittman
2300 N Street, NW
Washington, DC 20OgZ
tl
a
t'
I
'Li'. P /i :t] i'irt
UMTED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD PANEL
Before Administrative Judges :
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Dr. Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
r..-,.
IN T}IE MATTER OF:
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA)
CORPORATION
(Source Material License Amendment)
Docket No. 40-868 I -MLA-8
ASLBP No. 00-782-08-MLA
November 22,2000
TNTERNATTONAL URANIUM (USA) CORPORATTON',S OPPOSTTION TO
SARAH M. FTELDS REQLIEST TO SUBMTT A REPLY
On November 17,2000, Sarah M. Fields ('?etitioner"), filed a Request to Reply to
lnternational Uranium (USA) Corporation's ('IUSA's') Response to a Request for Information.
Ms. Fields has failed to make the required showing in support of her Request and IUSA opposes
Petitioner's unjustified effort to delay this proceeding further. l0 C.F.R. $ 2.730 states that
"[t]he moving party shall have no right to reply, except as permiued by the presiding offtcer."
See also,Philadelphia Electric Co. (Limerick Generating Station, Units I and 2),LBP-82-72,16
N.R.C. 968,971(1982) (a moving party has no right to reply to answers in NRC proceedings
except as permitted by the presiding officer), citing l0 C.F.R. $ 2.730. Indeed, "such leave will
be granted sparingly, and then only upon a strong showing of good cause." Commonwealth
Edison Company (Byron Station, Units I and 2),14 N.R.C. 364,372.
It
Ir
a
Petitioner fails to make "a sfiong showing of good cause." Rather, Petitioner offers only
the utterly unsubstantiated assertions that she does not "believe" IUSA's November 13 submittal
is a complete and accurate response to the Presiding Officer's Orders and that IUSA's
submission raises further unidentified "questions." Petitioner's vague and wholly unsupported
claims do not constitute an adequate basis for Petitioner to delay this proceeding further.
Further, it is important to recall that Petitioner has yet to show that she has standing to
intervene in these proceedings. The Presiding Officer has allowed the Petitioner numerous
opportunities to articulate a particularized injury attributable to IUSA's pending license
amendment, but she has been unable to do so. Petitioner's assertions (in her "First Supplement,"
which was filed more than two weeks past the deadline without leave to file out-of-time) that
transporting the HMI monazite sand through Moab may somehow give rise to some harm, has
not, to date, been deemed sufficient to establish standing. The Presiding Officer ordered the
current submission of information in response to the need for "a minimal degree of further
inqurry on this issue," noting that supplying the information would be "relative[ly] simple and
straightforward." October 26 Order Requesting Information at l-2. ruSA complied with the
Presiding Officer's Order fully and accurately in its Response to the Request for Information
filed on November 13.
ruSA should not be required to endure the further delay and expense of these
proceedings. Moreover, Petitioner, should not be permitted effectively to proceed with an
informal hearing on the merits of the pending license amendment where she is unable even to
establish standing. Because replies in informal Subpart L proceedings are disfavored, and
,
I
I
because the Petitioner has failed to make the required showing of good cause, ruSA requests that
Petitioner's Request to Respond be denied.
Respectfully submitted this 22nd day ofNovember,2000.
I
SHAW PITTMAN
Frederick S. Phillips
2300 N Street, N.W.
Washington,Dc 20037
[phone]
COUNSEL TO INTERNATIONAL
URANTUM (USA) CORPORATTON
Documcnt#: 1044092 v,l
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD PANEL
B efore Administrative Judges :
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Dr. Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
!f
IN THE MATTER OF: ** Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA) *
CORPORATION * ASLBP No. 00-782-08-MLA*
(Source Material License Amendment) * November 22,2000*
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certiff that I caused true and complete copies of the foregoing International
Uranium (USA) Corporation's Opposition To Sarah M Fields November 17,20OO Request To
Respond in the above-captioned matter to be served, first-class, postage prepaid mail and also by
electronic mail to the individuals indicated by an asterisk on this 22n day of Novernber, 2000 to:
The Honorable G. Paul Bollwerk, III U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Chief Judge Office of the General Counsel
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission 11555 Rockville pike
Two White Flint North
I1545 Rockville Pike
Mail Stop T-3 F23
Rockville, MD 20852
Office of the Secretary *
Attn: Rulemakings and
Adjudication Staff
One White Flint North
I1555 Rockville Pike
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Rockville, Maryland 20852
Rockville, MD 20852
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel
One White Flint North
I1555 Rockville Pike
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Rockville, Maryland 20852
Office of Rulemakings and
Adjudication
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
I1555 Rockville Pike
Rockville, MD 20852
Administrative Judge *
Ann Marshall Young
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Mail Stop T-3-F23
Washington, D.C. 20555-000 I
Sarah M. Fields *
P.O. Box 143
Moab, UT 84532
Administrative Judge
Dr. Charles N. Kelber
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Mail Stop T-3F23
Washington, D.C. 20555-0001
Frederick S. Phillips
SHAW PITTMAN
2300 N Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20037
COUNSEL TO INTERNATIONAL
URANTUM (USA) CORPORATTON
Document#: 1M3488 v.l
;ent By: Shaw Pittman
LL/Lltttu ro'rE
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I
Potts Tnowbnidgei 2O2 663 8324;
l'.E !vu-?
NOV.ZU-UU I:3trTM,
Dorler No. 40'868 1'MI-A-8
ASLBP No. 00-7t2-0t'MLA
Novcmbs l7,2lAO0
IJIIIITEII STATES OT AMERICA
NUCLEAR BEGIILITTORY COMMTS$OI{
AToMIc EAFETY AI:IB LtcEIls[{G Do^R4,ft|\NEL
Beforc Administrrhc Judgar :
Ans Mrrhdl Yormg PrEsidhg OfEEcr
Ih. Charles N. Kelbcr. SPGcial AlsirttDt
In the Malrar of:
INTERNATIONAL URAI'IIUM (USA)
CORPORATION
(Sorrrcc Mnleriql Licsuc Amcodms*'
LicsnsE No. SUA'1548)
)
)
)
)
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)
)
FETJTIONER'S REQUEST TO RESPOND TO INTERNATIONAL
urrlluuru ru$ et soBpbn e nous NqlrEJvrnnn t r - zoq0. su' BlArraL
On Noveuber 17, 2000, I rcceirrcd "Inrarnatimal Urrnium Corporation's
Rcsporsc rq rhr Prcriding OfEcs's October 26,2000. Requssr f-cr Inforrn*ion' (with thc
cnclosurts), daEd Novembcr 13' 2000-
I rerpectfully rnquesr trt tho Presiding Officar Ettow Er5 to rerpond ro
Interaationrl Upniun (uSA) Corporariou's (*IUSA's-) Novenrber 13 suhmittal- Iui*r
ro r:rpord ro mly thorc porrionn of IUSA'I Novqnbr 13 srrbmtttal rhat arc rosporuiwe to
Scctiou 4.a, (paeE 2-3) of rtrs Prcsidi4 Qfficcr'r Ocmbcr 26' 2000, OFd3j (Btqusrtigg
Iaformarion qndPegnifiing Rerpoare to Petr'tioncr's October 18,2000, EilhE) ard
Section 4. (page 2) of the P!6iding Offiocr's Nowmber 6, 2000, OrdEs (tlrastinf ruSA
Motioa fu Extsnrioa of Timc). Thc pcrtinEtrt restioEs of ihssB OdEIS requ{ Qm IUS^
prwirtc rpecific infsmlgtioD rcgarding tho rodiotoilcet contcot and eicoctrier-ps-*m
ragE a, a
Sent BV: Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnidge; 2O2 663 8924; Nov-20'00 1:58PM; Page 3/4
t,
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of rhB lrcriragc Mirreml\ *,s. maEdarr End the radiorogicrl conteur md picoc'd6's+cr-
SrarrofothsrmatEfishtbrthtrvebmnauthorizrdbySorrrteMatlrialLiccoraNo.SUA-
l35B ts be transponod $rorub MErb for rccipt et IUSA'8 whitc Mom MIL
I wirh ts rtiloud to IUsA,r Novsinhfi 13 suhmiusl bccarrrc I .lo not hclierr ths
IIJgA.r NovcUbsr 13 3r*6itlrl ir a cmphrn and assurst! rclpon,l8 to your octubr 26
lldNovcmbcr 6 ordcn. Additionalty, ftlsA'sNovcmber 13 cBbmithlnircs fimter
questiotrsresgdiugthceccrrruyandcomplacrrergofrhcirJrrly5,2000.rcpultto
ErDcnd thcir licenrc tg franspott rscoiw, F'ffiosq antl dtspors of tlr HElitaEF lYfinsrzlr'
Ins thdlrted Eols'ie togcrinl'
Tomorrow' Novqnbcr l g, I am mveling ou of stsrr for I frmily gathoring o,[
tbETbUJstgivinsHotldsyr.IuittbeberkinlldoebNovanbcr2T.
Thertforr, for 6e ficaime stated abovq I remcsfrrlly rcqucrt ftgt I be sllou'Gd o
respod ro lUSA',cNovambc 13 $$Biltd' Also'I rcspcctrllyrE$G8tth$Ibc giv6
'ntil Dcccmbc r ro 8b Dyrprftr$'
-
Srrah Ivf, Fieldr
Ilarcd 8t Mosb. Utoh,thiE l?f dny ofNovcmbcr 2000
I-
Sejnt By: Shaw Pittman'TtrLitoo 1l:{8
Potts Tnowbnidge;
FAI {J5r03z{lo
202 663 8924;
ucr.r.!-r!?-
ragE .+, +
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!ruCLEAIT BEGIJLATORY COMMIESION
ATolWc samlv ${D LIcENSIIEpp/rBIl FANEL
Brfsrc Adminismtivc Judgcli
Ann Marrhall Young" Ptudding Officar
Dr. ChstesN. Kelbrr, Spocid AcEi$rEt
DoctelNo.40.B5gl.MLA.8ASLBPNo.00.782.0i-MIJt
cDfl.TEIC4rF or sEnvlsE
I hereby csnify rhat copier of $e-!o1aq1$ Pry^olql} REQIIEST To RESPOI'ID
io -l!,iicR},r;uoiiiil rnaA!,luM &sil coRponArroN's NoVEMBER r 3' 2000.
SUBWTTAL frn e bccn rcrved upon'thc folloving pcreon! by US' E4! fiffi d!s* ftir
i;ffi;;lNo".ruo zooo- rn enrrisk indicates addirionrl scwice vic t'BcuimilE
Adsrinirtrarivt Judgc'
Anrr Marshall Young
Aromis Safaly and LiccnrirU Board Putcl
Mail Srop Ta FII
U. S. NrrclGsr Bcgutuory Cornmission
Wafiingmlt D-C- 2055 s'0001
Adminirtr'advc Judge
m. Charlcg N. Xslbcr
Atomic Slfcry arld Lioaiing Bosd Panel
Mail StoP TJ F23
U,S. Nrstcar Rcgulrtnry Commirsion
WgshingFa, D-c- 20sS5'0001
Dannir C. DrmblY' Esq.
office oflhe GtrtcrEl CorusGI
Mail Stop o-15 D2l
U,3. Nuclear Rogularcry Commisrion
Wasbingun D-C- 20555'000I
Offrce sf &e Secntatf
Ann: Rulcmdting nnd
Mirdicatious 8tefi
u's' Nr$'larBlrulBbry
Commission
wolhingld, D.C- 20555400 I
\\ Fr"agri.U, S. PbilIipa, Esq-t
Anthouy J.'ltmtPru' Bsq.
DNid C. I.arhvan Eaq.
S}TAW PI"rTTUAN
z3mN Suecq N-W.
Warhingtor\ DC 20037
Of6ct of Courmisrioo APPcllar
Adliudicetion
U.S.Nuclear Rcgulatsy
Comnirdot
Warhin$ou. D-C- 20555'fit0l
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Sarah M. Fields
Daed Ar Morh, Uult
This t?D dey ofNorrcmbcr2000
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NIJCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION IJII.. i' i: ' ;;i
1i,',,,
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD PANEL
Before Administrative Judges' '00 iil' 'iii :r'i :il
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Dr. Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant L
.rl i .r.
IN THE MATTER OF: *
*
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA) * Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8
CORPORATION * ASLBP No. 00-782-08-MLA
*
(Source Material License Amendment) * November 13,2000
*
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA) CORIORATION'S RESPONSE TO THE
PRESTDING OFFICER'S OCTOBER 26,2000 REQUEST FOR INFORMATION
INTRODUCTION
By Order dated October 26,2000, Presiding Offrcer Young requested that International'
Uranium (USA) Corporation ("IUSA") "provide specific information, with citation to and copies
of relevant sources included, regarding the specific radiological content and picocuries-per-grErm
amounts and levels of prior materials authorized by IUSA's license or previous amendments
thereto and transported to the White Mesa Mill through Moab, Utah." October 26 Order
("Order") at 2.1 The information and copies of relevant sources requested in the Order is
attached hereto in the form of an Aflidavit of Ron F. Hochstein and the table and source
documents appended thereto.
IUSA believes that the attached Affrdavit, and the appendices thereto, responds to the
information request of the Presiding Officer and to the concems raised by Petitioner. IUSA
' By Order dated November 6, 2000, the Presiding Officer granted IUSA's Motion for Extension of Time,
providing that IUSA must file this Response not later than November 13, 2000. As requested by
Footnote continued on next page
o
submits that the inform.,r", o:ded herewith establishes what IUSA has always maintained:
that the subject of the pending license amendment, alternate feed material from the HMI site in
New Jersey proposed to be transported to and processed at IUSA's White Mesa Mill, is within
the range of materials previously approved and, indeed, is less radiologically active and poses
less radiological hazard, than many of the feeds previously approved for transport to and
processing at the Mill. Thus, Petitioner cannot show (and most assuredly, has not shown) any
concrete and particulaiznd injury-in-fact redressable by intervention in this proceeding.
Even if Petitioner were to establish that the transportation of radiologically active
material through Moab somehow caused her harm, denying the pending license amendment
would not redress that "harm." Indeed, IUSA and other licensees have transported, and will
continue to transport, larger quantities of similar or more radiologically active feeds through
Moab in accordance with existing licenses. As discussed at greater length below, however, the
Petitioner's failure, after numerous opportunities, to establish any injury-in-fact allegedly caused
by the pending license amendment necessarily defeats Petitioner's bid for standing and moots the
redressability issue.
ARGUMENT
A. The HMI Monazite Sands That Are The Subject Of The Pending
License Amendment Pose No Greater Radiological Threat Than
Other Feeds Processed At The Mill.
In order to establish her standing to obtain a hearing on IUSA's pending license
amendment, the Petitioner must show not only that she suffers an injury-in-fact, but "that the
injury fairly can be traced to the challenged action; and ( ) that the injury is likely to be redressed
Footnote continued from previous page
that Order, IUSA has provided data on radiological activity for uranium and thorium separately
and in total.
2
o
pleadingsby a favorable decision."2 As IUSA has pointed out in its prior and as further
discussed below, Petitioner has, despite repeated attempts, been unable to demonstrate any injury
resulting from the transportation and processing of the HMI monazite sands as contemplated by
the pending license amendment. Even assuming, however, that Petitioner were to demonsfiate
that she was injured by the transportation of radiologically active materials through Moab, Utatr,
she cannot show that this hypothetical injury would be redressed by denying the particular
license amendment at issue.
The pending license amendment concerns only IUSA's request to process up to 2,000
cubic yards (approximately 3,000 tons) of monaatesands from the HMI facility.' At detailed in
the attached Affidavit and appendices thereto, the radiological activity of the sands is estimated
at 335 picocuries per gram from uranium and 1,190 picocuries per gram from thorium. This
compares to conventional ore, which typically ranges from 1,100 to 8,600 picocuries per gram
from uranium and thorium, and yellowcake product, which typically is over 480,000 picocuries
per gram from uranium.
As noted at footnote I lof IUSA's August 24,2000, Opposition to Request for Hearing,
"transpofiation of the HMI materials to the White Mesa Mill is expected to result, on average, in
an additional ten trucks per week traveling State Road l9l in the Moab area for between one and
2 Dellums v. NRC,863 F. 2d968,971 (D.C. Cir. 1988); Shoreham-llading River Central School District
v. /[RC 93 I F. 2d 102,105 (D.C. Cir. l99l ). See Long Island Lighting Co. (Shoreham Nuclear
Power Station, Unit l), LBP-91-1,33 NRC 15,28-29 (1991); Longlsland LightingCo.
(Shoreham Nuclear Power Station, Unit I ), LBP-91-7 ,33 NRC 179, 192, 194-95 ( I 99 I ).
3 Amendment Request at 2.
o
has estimatedthree months." The Utah Department of Transportation previously
already is traveled by approximately 2000 trucks per week.a
that this route
As discussed in greater detail in the attached Affidavit of Ron F. Hochstein and as
reflected in the table and source documents appended thereto, the HMI monazite sands that are
the subject of the pending license amendment are less radiologically active and are smaller in
quantity than many of the alternate feeds and natural ores that IUSA already is licensed to
process. Most of these feeds, some of the ore, and virtually all of the Mill's yellowcake product
are or have been trucked through Moab.s The requested amendment for the receipt and
processing of the HMI material, will not, as a practical matter, cause any change in the White
Mesa Mill's operations currently permitted by its existing license, or in the radioactivity or
quantity of material trucked through Moab. Petitioner cannot demonstrate that the requested
amendment causes any redressable injury. Consequently, Petitioner cannot establish standing
and is not entitled to a hearing.
B. Petitioner Still Articulates No Injury-in-Fact in Support of Standing.
While a finding that the transportation of the HMI monazite sands through Moab poses
no additional risks over other previously licensed activities at the Mill is sufficient to establish
that the Petitioner does not have standing in this matter, a contrary finding would be only a
necessary, but not sufficient, condition to establish standing. IUSA has asserted multiple times
in the course of this proceeding that the Petitioner has failed to demonstrate the "concrete and
particularized" injury-in-fact required to establish standing to obtain a hearing on IUSA's
t IUSA license amendment request (citation) at 9.
5 Affidavit of Ron Hochstein at2 (paragraphT).
4
o
Petitioner stirequested license amendment.6 After numerous opportunities,ll has failed to
articulate any more than a vague unhappiness with the prospect that trucks carrying HMI
monazite sands may pass through Moab. Petitioner has not even suggested how the trucks
carrying material from the HMI facility may cause her harm (r.e., how she is harmed by the
license amendment at issue).
As IUSA and the Presiding Officer previously have noted, "[s]tanding is not a mere legal
technicality, it is in fact an essential element in determining whether there is any legitimate role
for a court or an agency adjudicatory body in dealing with a particular grievance."T The
Presiding Offrcer's October 26 Order requesting additional information does not seek additional
argument on this issue and IUSA will not reiterate here its arguments previously presented.
IUSA respectfully submits, however, that whatever the nature and volume of material tmcked
through Moab, that does not, by itself, establish that Petitioner suffers injury-in-fact by issuance
of IUSA's requested license amendment.
Petitioner may also dislike that gasoline, various compressed gases, nitrogen fertilizer, or
biomedical wastes are trucked through Moab. Petitioner's possible distaste for tnrck transport of
potentially hazardous materials, however, does not confer on Petitioner standing to raise a legal
challenge to this activity absent a showing of some particularized harm. The same is true here,
irrespective of the precise radiological composition of the material at issue.s Moreover, as
u See, e.g.,IUSA's August 24,2}O1,Opposition to Request for Hearing at5-7; Petitioner's repeated
failure to demonstrate an injury-in-fact has also been discussed in IUSA's subsequent pleadings
and in the course of the telephonic hearing on September 14,2000.
7 Westinghouse Electric Corp.,CLl-94-07,39 NRC 322,1994 Lexis 31, ** 5-6 (1994).
8 It bears mention again, however, that the HMI monazite sand which is the subject of the particular
license amendment at issue is relatively innocuous and, in both uranium and thorium components,
is significantly less radioactive than many other materials trucked through Moab, both by IUSA
and by others. Certainly, as acknowledged by Anthony Thompson's September 27, 1990letter
attached to Petitioner's "First Supplement," filed October 18, 2000, trucking the monazite sand
Footnote continued on next page
mentioned in IUSA's August 24,2OOO Opposition to Hearing Request (at 6'7, ft. I l)' the NRC
previously has concluded that "the transportation of radioactive materials in accord with NRC
and DOT regulations will not have a significant adverse impact on the environment."e
Many hazardous and radioactive substances are transported every day throughout the
United states in accordance with DOT regulations, in a manner that has been determined to pose
an acceptable level of risk to the public. Yellowcake, which typically contains over three
hundred times the level of radioactivity contained in the HMI monazite sands, has been and
continues to be transported over the highways of the United States from all uranium mills and in
situ mining facilities to conversion facilities, in accordance with NRC and DOT regulations.
Other, more highly radioactive materials also are transported between nuclear fuel cycle facilities
in accordance with NRC and DOT regulations. Petitioner's inability to articulate any concrete
and particularized harm is consistent with this finding of "no significant adverse impact" from
these types of activities.
CONCLUSION
IUSA has enclosed herewith the information requested by the Presiding Officer's
October 26,2OOO,Order, regarding the "radiological content and picocuries-per-gram amounts
and levels of the Heritage Minerals materials proposed to be transported under the present
Footnote continued from previous page
over great distances entails some risk as compared to on-site disposal, but not in relation to
trucking similar radiologically active materials or such materials as gasoline or any other
potentillly hazardous substance. However, generalized risk is not the same as particularized
irarm. The fact that everyday activities pose multiple risks to each of us does not impart to each
of us standing to chaltenge each of these activities. If an individual's general distaste for an
activity were sufficient to confer standing to challenge the activity, commerce rapidly would
grind to a halt.
e 49 Fed. Reg.9375 (March 12, 1984).
6
license amendment application (including both total figures and for uranium and thorium
separately)"l0 of the HMI monazite sand and other materials for which IUSA previously has
obtained license amendments permitting transport and processing. IUSA submits that the
information enclosed makes clear that transportation of the HMI material poses no more risk, in
kind or degree, than any of the other materials that IUSA is licensed to handle at its White Mesa
Mill. Additionally, irrespective of any risk attendant to transportation of the HMI material,
Petitioner has made no showing that she will suffer any concrete and particularized harm
thereby. Consequently, IUSA respectfully requests that Petitioner's Request for Hearing be
denied and this proceeding terminated.lr
Respectfully submitted this l3s day of November,2000.
Anthony J. Thompson
Frederick S. Phillips
2300 N Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20037
(?02) 663-8000
COUNSEL TO INTERNATIONAL
URANTUM (USA) CORPORATION
r0 Presiding Officer's November 6, 2000 Order at 2 (paragraph 4).
" As discussed above, Petitioner's Request should be denied because it lacks merit. On strictly
procedural grounds, Petitioner's Request should be dismissed for repeatedly failing to comply,
without any reasonable excuse, with the filing deadlines and procedures established by the
Presiding Officer for the governance of this proceeding which the Petitioner initiated.
SHAW PITTMAN
Documcnt#: 1032574v.2
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AFFIDAVIT OF RON F. HOCHSTEIN
I, Ron F. Hochsteiq on information and belie{ state and attest as follows:
l. I am the President and ChiefExecutive Officer of International Uranium (USA)
Corporation ("fUSA"). I have held this position since April, 2000. I have been
employed by IUSA since October, 1999. I have worked in the metals mining processing
and recovery business for over l5 years.
2. I received my B.S. degree in Metallurgical Engineering from the University of Alberta in
1983, and I received my MBA degree from the University of British Columbia in 1987. I
am certified as a ProfessionalEngineer in the Province of Ontario, Canada.
3. ruSA processes and recovers uranium, vanadium, and other metals, from ore and from
alternate feed materials, at IUSA's White Mesa Mill near Blanding, Utah (the'Mill'),
pursuant to a source material license (the "Mill License") issued by the Nuclear
Regulatory Commission ("NRC") in 1980. The Mill License was renewed in 1985 and
again in 1997. Any time that IUSA proposes to process an alternate feed from a new
source, ruSA must first apply for and receive from the NRC an amendment to the Mll
License, specifically permitting processing of the proposed alternate feed. Tailings from
processing are placed in lined, permitted tailings cells at the Mill. Presently, the tailings
cells contain approximately 4 million tons of tailings.
4. As President and ChiefExecutive Officer of IUSd I am responsible for all operational
activities of IUSA. In preparing this aflidavit, I have had assistance and input from
IUSA's EnvironmentalManager, the Mill's Manager and the Mill's Radiation Safety
Officer. My calculations have also been reviewed by an independent expert who is a
professional engineer and who has significant institutional knowledge about the Mill's
activities.
5. To date, the Mill has obtained l0 license amendments from the NRC permitting it to
process a variety of alternate feed materials. These alternate feed materials have varied
widely in mineral composition and level of radiological activity. IUSA's pending license
amendment seeks NRC authorization to accept and process at the Mill approximately
2,gX|tons (1,500 cubic yards) of monazite sands (the "Heritage Materials") from the
Heritage Minerals, Inc. facility in Lakehurst, New Jersey.
6. I have attached hereto ("Attachment A") specific informatio4 with citation to and copies
of relevant sources included, regarding the specific uranium and thorium content in
picocuries-per-gram amounts and total levels in curies (including figures for uranium and
thorium separately) of the Heritage Materials and of materials authorized by the Mill's
license or previous amendments thereto and transported to the Mill through Moab, Utah.
7. It is evident from Attachment A that the total picocuries-per-gram for the uranium and
thorium contained in the Heritage Materials is well within the levels of prior materials
authorized by the Mill's license or previous amendments thereto and transported to the
8.
Mill through Moab, Uta[ and that the total curies added to the Mill's tailings cells from
the Heritage Materials is insignificant.
In demonstration of the point referenced in the previous paragrap[ the estimated totd
activity of uranium and thorium for the Heritage Materials is 1,525 picocuries per gram.
This compares to 3,101 picocuries per gram for naturat uranium ores, and vp to 735,226
picocuries per gram for other alternate feed materials, such as the Cotter Concentrates.
The weighted average uranium and thorium activity levels of licensed feed materials and
products shipped to or produced at the Mill is 4,809 picocuries per grarq and the average
for yellowcake product produced at the Mill and shipped through Moab over the last 20
years is 482,400 picocuries per gram.
g. As indicated by these results, the transportation of the Heritage Materials through Moab,
Utatr, and the receipt and processing of the Heritage Materials at the Mill will pose no
incremental risks, threats or harm to the public beyond those posed by the Mill's normal
and previously licensed activities. The Mill and transportation contractors that will
transport the Heritage Materials are fully experienced in handling alternate feed materials
such as the Heritage Materials in a manner that is protective of public health safety and
the environment.
Aflirmed by me this rc day ofNovember, 2000.
Ron F. Hochstein
APPENDD( A
General Calculations
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APPENDD( B
Linde
IxrrnNerro*o, O
UnaNluu (use;
Conroneuoru
Independence Plaza, Suite 950 o 1050 Seventeenth street . Denver, co 80265 o 303 62g 77gg (main) o 303 3gg {135 rlrt\r
March 16,2000
VIA OVERMGIIT MAIL
Mr. Thomas H. Essig, Branch Chief
High Level Waste and Uranium Recovery
Projeas Branch
Division of Waste Management
Office ofNuclear Material Safety and Safeguards
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
2 White Flint NortlU Mail Stop T-719
I1545 Rockville Pike
Rockville, MD 20852
Re: Amendment Request to Process an Alternate Feed Material from the Linde FUSRAp siteat the White Mesa Uranium Mill
Source Material License SUA-I358
Dear Mr. Essig:
International Uranium (USA) Corporation ("fUSA") hereby submits the enclosed request toamend Source Material License SUA-1358 to authorize receipt and processing of a uianium-bearing altemate feed material. For ease of reference, this material ij referred-to herein as the"IJranium Material". The Uranium Material will be removed by a U.S. Army Corps ofEngineers ("USACE", or the "Corps") contractor from the Linde site in Tonawand4 New yorh
which is being managed under the Formerly Utilized Sites Remedial Action program
(*FUSRAP").
NRC has already approved two license amendments authorizing IUSA'5 acceptance of UraniumMaterial from the same process source as the Linde uranium Material. ttri tinde Site is thesource of the Uranium Material that was eventually deposited at both the Ashland I and Ashland2 sites. IUSA's license amendment dated October 15, I998 granted approval for processing thepoftion of the Linde Material that had been deposited at Ashland l. fU-Se" licenie amendment
dated June 23, 1998 granted approval for processing the portion of Linde Material that had beentransferred from Ashland I to Ashland 2. This-amendment request seeks authorization toprocess the remainder of the Uranium Material at the original generation and storage site atLinde.
Based on information available, the approximate volume of Uranium Material to be removed andshipped from the Linde Site is expected to be approximately 70,000 cubic yards (.Cf'),
although this amount could significantly increase duiing the excivation process. fu a result, io
Mr. Thomas H. Essis
March 16,2000
Page 2 of5
that IUSA will not have to for an increased Uranium Material
amendment request is for up to 100,000 CY of Uranium Material_
Average uranium content is dillicult to estimate, although site history and avaitable data suggest
that recoverable uranium is present. furalytical data provided to IUSA indicate uranium .oni.nt
ranging from non-detectable to approximately 0.3 weight percent, or greater, with an estimated
average grade of 0.07 percent uranium for the entire Linde Site.
At this time, IUSA does not have a subcontract with the USACE prime contractor for receipt ofthe Uranium Material ruSA is requesting this license amendment in order to quali$ to bid onand receive some or all of the uranium Material from this site. The usACr uiaaing schedulefor this site requires that ruSA receive ticense amendment approval as soon as possible in orderto demonstrate qualification to accept the Uranium Materiai before proposed initial shipmentsfrom the Linde Site begin in 2000.
It is our understanding that for the Linde Site, USACE could be expected to ship the UraniumMaterial to one or more facilities licensed either to recycle UraniurnMaterial foithe extractionof uranium and disposal of resulting byproducg or to directly dispose of Uranium Material. IfruSA were selected by USACE to receive the Uranium Materiai, it would be processed in asimilar manner as our conventional ores, for the extr6ction of uranium.
The processing of the Uranium Material will not cause the Mill's production to exceed theLicense Condition No. l0.l limit of 4,380 tons of UrOe per calendar year. As production willremain within the limits assessed in the original Environmentat Assessment, and the process willbe essentially unchanged, and as the Uranium Material is similar in content to the Miit,s existingtailings, this amendment will result in no significant environmental impacts beyond thosloriginally evaluated.
The disposal of the lle.(2) byprodua material resulting from processing the Uranium Materialwill not change the characteristics of the Mill tailings fro, the characf,ristics associated withnormal milling operations.
Complete details are provided in the attached request to amend, which includes the followingsections:
Mr. Thomas H. Essig
March 16,2000
Page 3 of5
INTRODUCTION
1.0 Material Composition and Volumel.l General1.2 Radiochemical Data1.3 Hazardous Constituent Data1.4 RegulatoryConsiderations
2.0 Transportation Considerations
3.0 Process
4.0 Safety Measures4.1 Radiation Safety4.2 Control of Airborne Contamination4.3 Vehicle Scan
5.0 Other Information5.1 Added Advantage of Recycling5.2 Reprocessing of I le.(2) Byproduct Materials under UMTRCA
CERTIFICATION
Attachment I Linde Site Location Maps, Volume Estimates and Process History
Attachment 2 Uranium Content Estimates, Material Description, Analytical Dat4 and
Preliminary Material characterization Report for the Linde site
Attachment 3 ruSA/UDEQ Hazardous Waste Protocol
Attachment 4 Review of Constituents in Linde Site Uranium Materials to Determine
Potential Presence of Listed Ha,ardous Waste
Attachment 5 New York State Technical Administrative Guidance Memorandum on
"Contained-In" Criteria for Environmental Media
Attachment 6 White Mesa Mill Equipment ReleaselRadiological Survey Procedure
Attachment 7 USACE Value Engineering Proposal for Ashland I and Ashland 2.
Attachment 8 Classification of Uranium Material as I le.(2) Byproduct Material
Mr. Thomas H. Essig
March 16,2000
Page 4 of5
To ensure that all pertinent information is included in this and anticipated supplemental
submittals, the following guidelines were used in preparing this request to amind:
o U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ('NRC") Final Position and Guidance on the Use ofUranium Mill Feed Material Other Than Nantral Ores (Federal Register Volume 60, N;.
I 84, September 22, 1995).
. Energy Fuels Nuclear ("EFlf') request to the NRC for the
bearing potassium diuranate (KzUzOz) in a solution of
amendment to process uranium-
potassium hydroxide/potassiumfluoride in water ('KOH Amendment,').
o NRC and State of Utah comments and requests
Amendment.
for information relative to the KOH
EFN request to NRC for the Rhone-poulenc alternate feed amendment.
NRC and State of Utah comments and requests for information relative to the EFN requestfor the Rhone-Poulenc alternate feed amendment.
EFN request to the NRC for the amendment to process uranium-bearing material owned bythe Cabot Corporation.
EFN request to the NRC for the amendment to process uranium-bearing material owned bythe U.S. Department of Energy.
ruSA request to the NRC for the amendment to process uranium-bearing material from U.S.Army Corps of Engineers Ashland 2 Site.
NRC and State of Utah comments and requests for information relative to the ruSA requestfor the Ashland 2 Site alternate feed amendment, and procedures for determining whether ornot the materials contain listed hazardous wastes.
ruSA request to the NRC for license amendment to process uranium bearing material fromUS Army Corps of Engineers Ashland I Site.
ruSA request to the NRC for license amendment to process uranium bearing material fromUS Army Corps ofEngineers St. Louis Site.
Protocol for Determining Whether Alternate Feed Materials Are Listed Hazardous Wastes,developed by IUSA with the concurrence of Utah DEe, November 1999.
NRC Initial Decision, February 9, 1999, in the Matter of IUSA Receipt of Material fromTonawanda, New York
Mr. Thomas H. Essi-e
March 16,2000
Page 5 of5
o NRC Memorandum and Order, February 14, 2000, in the Matter of IUSA Receipt of Material
from Tonawanda, New York, Allirming the Presiding Oflicers' Initial Decision to Uphold
the Ashland 2 License Amendment.
We believe that use of these guidance materials, supported by our discussions with the NRC
concerning these amendment requests, has allowed us to prepare a complete, concise submittal.
Therefore, ruSA requests that the NRC please review the enclosed informatioq and then attempt
to reply to this request within 30 days of submittal of today's date.
ruSA understands that the established schedule calls for removal actions at the Linde Site to
begin in 2000. The contractor plans to begin excavations in the second quarter of 2000.
Although ruSA does not have a subcontract with the USACE contractor at this time, if this
request is approved, shipments to the Mill could be expected to begin as soon as the second
quarter of2000.
As described above, prompt review of this submittal will allow USACE to consider IUSA to
reprocess Uranium Material that would otherwise require direct disposal at other facitities. I can
be reached at (303) 3t9.4131
MRR/smc
Attachments
William Von TillA,IRC
Earl E. Hoellen
Ronald F. Hochstein
David C. Frydenlund
William N. Deal
Ronald E. Berg
William SinclairAJDEQ
Don Verbica/UDEQ
Amendment Request
Linde
License SUA-1358
March 16.2000
Pagc 5
Portions of the Record of Decision for the Linde Site (USACE, March 2000) describe theregulatory framework and remediation goals relative to the radiological and chemical
contamination at the site.
Radiochemical Data
Process history demonstrates that the Uranium Material at the Linde property resulted from theprocessing of natural, mined uranium-bearing ores, and from the procissing of uranium-bearing
residuals from natural ores originally processed at other facilities for vanadium. The USACE hasclassified the portions of the Linde Uranium Material which were disposed of at and laterexcavated from the Ashland I and Ashland 2 Sites, as I le.(2) byproduct material. It is IUSA'sunderstanding, from discussions with USACE's contractor, IT Corp;ration ("IT"), that USACE/IT
also plan to classifu the Linde Uranium Material as pre-1978 1f e.(21 byproduct material.
Three radiological surveys have been conducted at Linde, which included evaluation ofradiological contamination in soils:
. Oak Ridge National Laboratory, November 1976. Ford, Bacon, and Davis, December 1981, ando Oak Ridge Associated Universities. 1981.
Results of all three studies were summarized in the Remedial Investigation Report for the
Tonawanda Site.
Average uranium content is difficult to estimate. although site history and available data indicatethat recoverable uranium is present. Analytical data provided to IUSA indicate that potential
uranium concentrations at Linde range in samples from nondetectable to 0.3 percent. dased onthese available data, the weighted average grade of uranium for the entire Lindt Site is estimatedby IUSA to be approximately 0.07 percent. As stated above, the material containing nondetectablelevels is not likely to be excavated and-hence is not likely to be included in the material shipped tothe Mill. Indeed, there is a financial disincentive to the government to excavate material that islower in radioactivity levels than the specific cleanup leveis.
The ROD for the Linde Site indicates that on this property. soils will be excavated which exceedthe cleanup criteria of 5 piC/g radium for surface soili, t 5 pCi/g radium for shallow soils, and astandard based on a "sum of the ratios" method for three other radioactive contaminants includingtotal uranium, Ra'226' Th-230. The cleanup criteria are described in detail in Section 9 of theROD, provided in Attachment2. Based on the RI characterization data and ROD, it appears thatan average uranium concentration in soils to be excavated per this guideline may be appioximately0.07 percent, with hot spots ranging up to 0.3 percent, as stated above.
1.3 Hazardous Constituent Data
'ffiEr*
Ji,vloc'
5.
1.2
S:\MRR\Linde\LindeAR
fable 4-6
RadionuclLde Cooceutratioas i-B soLl iaereag of Radioactive Contantnation at Liade
Borehole'SamplingDepth (ft)Uranium-238 Radiun-226(Pci/e)(pci/g)Thorium-232(Pci/e)fhorlun-23O(Pci/s)
Background (oean)
Area 1
829RO1
B29RO5
829RO7
829Rl0
829R12
829R65
829R66
829R68
829R69
829R71
829R73
829R100
829R101
829Rl03
829R104
829Rl05
829R112
829R114
O-1r
t-1o-12-4bO-2"O-2'2-4O-lD2-40-lDt-2
8.Og.o{.o40.0
14.o16.o
4.O]s.o
16.0
7.O
7.0
4.O40.0:,2.7
9.7
2E
2.5o.62.23.114.O1.23.22.32.42.5
o.6
14.O3.43.4
?.22.9o.g1.36.323.O2.85.O3.o6.73.6
o.g
23.O5.75.8
6.01.523.01.6
16. O1.64.28.7
2.O8.25.?1.94.21.3
o
1
o
1
2
o
2
o
2
o
2
-1ut)
-1
-t'-2-2b- 4t'
-1D-4
3.1
16.08.08.014.0
11.0
15. O9.0
9.O16.011.06.0
6.0
16. O11.23.4
1.1
4.O3.04.0
8.O1.?7.O
1.Os.o?.o4.O2.3
1.'O8.04.32.2
1.2
2.O1.01.{1.0
2.O
2.O1.01.01.03.0
2.O
1.03.01.5o.5
1.4
1.52.44.423.O1.330. o1.15.912.O2.71.5
1.1
307.A9.4
Minlroura
Ha:riraura
UeanStandard Devlation
Area 2
Hinlmum
Ha:ri-nuralleanStandard Deviation
Area 3
1.01.9o.{1.01.03.01.20.91.02.5r.0
0.43.01.ll0.7
o
2I
3I
3
oI
o
2
o
2
o
2
EC
-lD-4-3'
-E-1.-4-1r
-?G-lb
ab
-J
7.07.0s{.0
8.O
7.O
4.O8.04.09.0
31. o
15. O
6.O-}.o
7.o
2.21.1
12. O1.58.O1.13.32.11.9
5.O
4.O
1.55.52.3
2.50.7
2.O1.32.2t.23.30.9o.6t.2l.o
2.O2.67.2
503_006. tyllzEl?z'4-L26
Aable {-6
(continued)
Borehole'
SamplingDepth (ft)Uraniugr-238(Pci/g1 Radiun-226(Pcl/s)Thoriusr-232 lboriun-230(Pcr/g) (Pct/e)
Area 3
829R116
829R128
829R129
829Rl30
829R132
829R134
829R138
829R140
829R142
829R143
829R144
B29R1rt5
829R145
829R151
829R152
829R153
829W1lD
(cont'd)
o-1"2-3'o-0.5o-1'7-22-3
O - O.Sbo - o.sb
O - O.SDo - o.sD
O - O.SD
O - O.Sbo-1'7-22-3o-1t-22-3'o-lb7-22-3o-1'7-2",-?C
O-1"1-22-3o-lDL-22-3o-lD!-22-3o-1l-2'2-30 -'1b4-5
o-2b2-40 - 1.s1-3"0 - O.5'2-42-4"4-5
1s0.0
170.05.44.06.4
5.9
16
6.9.16.0
4.7
9.610.0
14.o
8.4s.210.04.9
8.OE,E
5.35.6100.o
21.O
8.3
37.0
2.65.12.69.3
6.82.68.3
6.8
8.6
3.7
2.812.0
6.O
2.6
170.O
17.1
32.9
240.O
22.O1.34.91.8
1.49.14.O
9.11.63.6s.26.71.61.63.6
1.11.13.7L.2t.2
43.O
17.O
12.O1ll.o2.L1.6
2.5
o.8o.72.30.8o.73.70.70.95.01.6
o.7
240.O9.4
33 .3
71o.0
46.0o.52l.o2.32.6o.5
12. O6.36.55.54.2
15.O
2.61.52.61.1
17.O10.0o.{o.6
110.O40.o
29.O
65.O
2.62.37.5
L.21.27.5
L.2L.2
o.8
26.O1.2
S.?1.0
o.4
710.O
24.497.1
5.03.00.90.9
0.91.0o.9
1. !t
0.91.10.8o.71.01.{1.01.21.{1.81.41.01.51-92.21.01.21.11.11.31.00.81.31.0o.8o.91.21.3
1.O
1.1
o.65.01.40.8
Itini-mum
Haxirnun
HeanStandard Deviation
Area {
829R23
8,29924
829R25
)B29P27
13.0
17. O
4.O
8.O
24.O
5.O-.__9.3.0
7.0
6.0
2.O0.8
5.53.81.0
3.71.7
1.02.O
1.O1.21.01.0o.91.0
1.31.6o.7
14.0
18.0
1.738.02.3
s03_o06a lvzlzaltz,4-\27
o
?able {-6
(continued)
Borehole'SamplingDepth (f,t)Uranirur-238
tpcr/g)Radiuo-226
lpctlg't ?horium-232 thoritrn-23O(pcl/e) (pci/g)
Area 4 (coat.d,
829R28
829R29
829R32
829R34
829R36
829R38
829R40
829nrt1
829R43
829R44
829R45
829R46
829n48
829R50
829R52
829R53
829R125
829r{9D
Hinimun
llaxi-mun
l{eanStandard DevLatLon
I -2'2 -4O -1'2 -4'o -lD2 -3O -2'2 -4'4 -61.5 - 2,5'6.5 - 7. 5't-2c
5 -7'2 -305 -6
L-Z,-2.
O -2b2 -4o -1r2 -3t -2'2 -3O -1'2 -3'O -2D2 -6o -2t2 -4o -t1 -2"O -lb7 -2O - 1.5'.I E- ?G
3 -6'o -2.2 -4
20.o
5.Ogg.o
32.O?.o
5.O
60.o20.ol{.0
21.O30.o930.o62.o
?2.Og.o
2.O
15.O
10.o
9.O
10.o
9.O
43.Og.o
170.Oloo.o11.0
8.O
6.O7.0?.o
12.O
11.O
8.O
9.O45.0
100.o
13.O
2.O
2.o
930.O46.9
136.0
10.o
5.O
42.O
14.O{.o1.61{.O
7.O1.73.1
1.1150.o
9.O
1.62.21.6
13.O
4.O2.72.?2.2:.t.o1.3
22.O
6.O' 2.42.52.61.51.8
6.O
6.O2.4
7.O
24.O30.0?.o
1.O
o.g
150.O9.822.4
1.O
1.0
1.0
1.0'
1.61.0
2.0
1.0
3.0
1.21.43.01.{1.03.0
1.0
1.03.0
1.0
o.7
1.4
2.O1.0
1.0
1.3{.ol.ot.o1.0
1.O1.0l.o1.0
2.O
2.O
2.O1.0
1.0
o.7
27.O?.4gg.0
19. O6.3
2.O2s. o10.ot.?5.41.5820.o
33.O5.11.O2.116.O2.92.46.51.5
19. O1.8110.0
24.O2.31.46.11.84.114.O4.52.22.6
13. O
27.O
15. O1.2
0.74^o q-Ir a
1.4o.7 30.7119.5
'Samp1ing locations are ghowu ia Ftgrure 2-1.
lRadioactively contaminated to O.1S n (O.S ftt.
"RadLoactively contaminated soil lntenral.
oo6a aw26192,503 4-128
t
i'
RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL PROFILE RECORD
Gcncrator Namc: _U.S. Army Corps of Enginecrs_ GcncratornMeste Srcam :-Linde soils/dcbris_; Volumc of Wastc Matcrial -30-70 K Tons-
Contractor Narrr: IT Corporation-, Waste Srcam Nanr: -Linde Malerial-, Dclivcry Datclsc?temba 2000-
Checkapprorpriatcboxcs:Uccnscd Y- Nx NORMNARM-; LLRW-;. MW-; MWTrtatcd-; MWNecdingTrunt-; DOE-; llc.(2)-x-;
originalSubmission:Y_x-N-;Revisioa#_0-;DatcofRevision:-Pfe.l978
Name and Titlc of Person Complcting Form: -Jim Pitts/T & D Coordinator- Phone: _?16-517-4582
A, CUSTOMERINFORMATION:
GENERAL: Please read carefully and complete this form for one waste stream. This information will be used to determine how to properly manage
the material. Should there be any questions while complcting this forrl contact IUC at 303.3E9.413 I . MATERIALS CANNOT BE ACCEPTED
AT IUC WHITE MESA MILL LTNLESS THIS FORM IS COMPLETED. If a caregory does not apply, please indicate. This form must bc updated
annually.
I. GENERATORINFORMATION
EPA ID# l0f72l08l4l5l- EPA Hazardous Waste Number(s) (if applicable)
-NoneMailing Addrcss: USACE c/o Praxair, Inc./I75 East Park Dr., Building 3l - Tonawanda, Mf 14150.
Phone: [phone] For: 716-5174211
Location of Material (City, ST): -Tonawanda" NY 14150.
Generator Contact:
-James
D. Boyle-
-
Title:coR
Mailing Address (if different fiom above): -same
Phonc: -7t6-8794283-
Fax:
MATERIAL PHYSICAL PROPERTIES (Should you have any gucstions while completing this section, contact IUC Environmcntal Managcrnent at
[phone].
l. PHYSICAL DATA (lndicale percenlage of materialthat will pass through the following GRADATION OF MATERIAL:
grid sizcs, c,g, 12" 100Yo,4" 96%, l" 74o/o, ll4" 50o/o, 1140" 30yo, 11200" .|yo)
2. DESCRIPTION: Color
-
BrownA'tulti Odor-Odorless-
Liquid- Solid-x Sludge Powder/Dus-
12"
-90o/o4" _E0%
l" _60%
lt4" _50%
y40 _40yo
v200" 30%3. DENSITY tu{}lGE: (Indicate dimensions) -80 '-l l0
4. CENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (% OF EACH)
Soil_E0% Building Debris- Rubble-10% Pipe Scale-Tailings_ I 0%Process Waste_ Concrete_ Plastic/Resin_
other constituents and approximate % contribution of each:
5. MOISTURE CONTENT: (For soil or soil-like materials).
(Use Std Proctor Method ASTM D-698)Optimum Moisrure Content: _17-%
Average Moisture Contcnt: 21 o/o
MoisnrreContentRange: _12-28_.o/o
6. DESCRIPTION OF MATERIAL (Please anach a description of the material with respect to its physical composition and characreristics. This
description can be anached separately or included with the anachmenl for ltem D.l .)_See Attached PMCR
lb./ftr
Generator or Contractor Initials: Lb
,-
Page lof4
Radioactive Material Profile RecoT d
ft.
C.RADI OLOGICAL EVALUATI ON
l. MATERIAL INFORMATION. For cacb radioaaive isotope associated with the material, please list the following information. IUC's
license assumes daughtcr products to be presenl in equilibriunl these are not required to bc listed below and do not requirc manifesting.
additional copics ofthis form ifneccssary)'
(Use
lsotopes Concentration Range
(Pci/g)
Weightcd
Average
(pci/e)
lsotopes
b.
d.
f.
Concentration Range
(Pcire)
to
Weighted
Avcrage
(pcle)
a. U-238- -15-to-5,000- -400-c. Th-230_ -2-to-800- -40-c.Ra-226- 2 to-800-
-24-
-to-
3.
ND - Analye not detected. 'This is narural uranium with relative concentations of daughter isotopes are out of equilibrium bccause the
matcrial has bcen prcviously processed for mineral cxtraction.
N Is the radioactivity contained in the waste material Low-Level Radioactive Waste as defined in the Low-Level Radioactive Waste
Policy Amendments Act of 1985 or in DOE Order 5E20.2A. Chapter III? (Please Circle) If yes, check'LLRW'block on linc 3 of
page l.N LICENSED MATERIAL: Is the waste material listed or included on an active Nuclear Regulatory Commission or Agreemcnt Srate
liccnse? (Pleasc Circle)
(If Ycs) TYPE OF LICENSE: Source
-;
Spccial Nuclear Material _; By-Product _; Norm _; NARM _;
LICENSING AGENCY:
D. CHEMICAL A}.ID HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS
I. DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY OF MATERIAL _See Attached PMCR_
_ _x_ f. Dioxins _ _x__ _x_ i. PCBs _ _x__ _x_ l. Solvcns _x_ __x_ _ o. Infcctious _ _x__ _x_ r. Rcactive _ _x_x u. Copper _x_ _
Please anach a description of the material to this profile. Include the following as applicable: The process by which the material was gencrated.
Available process lnowledge of the material. The basis of hazardous material or waste detcrminations. A lis of the chemicals, matcrisls or
wasrcs used in or commingled with the marerial; a list of any and all applicablc EPA Hazardous Waste Numbers, currcrt or former; and a lis of
any and all applicable landdisposal prohibition or hazardous-wastc cxclusions, extensions, exemptions, effective dates, varianccs or delistings.
Anach the most recerl or applicable analyical results of the material's hazardous-waste characteristics or constituents. Anach any applicable
analyical results involving thc composition of the marerial. Anach any product information or Material Safety Data Sheets associarcd with the
matcria!. If a caregory on this Material Profile Record does nol apply, describe why it does not.
Please describe the history, and include fte following:
Y Was this material mixcd with hazardous waste(s), treated, neuralizcd, solidified, comminglcd, dried, or othcrwise processed at any timc
affer gcneration?N Has this matcrial beea transportcd or otherwise removed from the location or site where it was originally generated?
N Was this marerial derivcd from (or is the material a residuc oI) the treatment, storage, and/or disposal of hazardous wastc dclincd by 40
cFR 261?N Has this material been treated at any time to meet any applicablc treatrnqlt standards?
2, LIST ALL KNOWN AI{D POSSIBLE CHEMICAL COMPONENTS OR HAZARDOUS WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
CD N)cn N)CD N)x b. "Derived-From" HW x c. Toxic x
q.
t.
a
d.
c.j.
m.
P.
s.
v.
bb.
cc,
hh.
l&.
nn.
Listcd HW
Cpnides
Pesticides
Explosives
Organics
Ignitable
Antimony
Nickel
Alcohols
Cadmium
Mocury
Benzcne
Fluoride
x
x
_ _x_ e. Sulfides
_ _x_ h. Herbicidcs
_ _x_ k. Pyrophoricsx n. Phenolics
Corrosive
Beryllium
_ _x_ cc. Chromiumx ff. Selenium
Chclating Agens -x-
pp. Other Known or Possible Materials or Chemicals
x w. Thallium x x. Vanadium xx z. Arsenic _x_ _ aa. Barium _x_ _
_x_ _ dd. Lead _x_ _
_x_ _ gg. Silver _x_ _x ii. Nirate x ij. Nitrite _ _x_
mm. Fuel x_x_
-
ll. Oil x
oo. Rcsidue fiom
watcr treatment _ _x_
Generator or Contraclor Initials: t
Page 2 of 4
Radioactive Material Profile Record
Ia
3. ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR TOXICITY CHARACTERISTICS. (Please nanscribe results on the blank spaces providcd. Anach additional
shects if needed, indicate rangc or worst+ase results).
Metals: Averagc Total (me/kc) PPm Organics:Total (uelte) ppb
Irad <2E8_
Barium ]lal- Mercury
-.1.5-
Methylene Chlorider'-
-BDI
to-49-
Cadmium ]<o.g- zinc
-<l?5-
2-Butanone"
-BDI
t"-!19-
Chromium -.aO-
Trichloroethene"- BDL-to ?50arpp", :<ll-t_ Arochtor-1260.. _BDL_ to _ 740..
t16i - arr"tyil. nor de-teaed Sce Attached PMCR and I-ab Rcsults Summary of Waste Prc-Characrerization Sanrples for additional data.
..These quantities ore well below thc NYSDEC TAGM 302E 'aaion lcvcls" lor o lbrcd hazardous waste determinotion by thc stetc of Ncw
Yorlc
ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR REQUIRED PARAMETERS: (Please transcribe resulrs on the blank spaces provided. Anached additional
shees ifneeded).
Soil pH _6-l I Paint Filter No Free Liquid 3ass Clanide Not derected-x- Sulfide
-
Not detccted-x-
Liquids Test (Pass/FaiD Relcased mCAg Rcleascd mg/kq
s. IGNITABILITY (40 cFR 261.21[a][2].[4].)
Flash Point ry'a- oF oC
6. CHEMICAL COMPOSITION (List all krown chemical componcats and circle the applicable conccntration dimensions' UsG sflachmcnts to
conplctc, if nccessary.)
Chemical Component
See attached dau
-
Concentration Chcmical Component
Is the wastc a RCRA oxidizcr? Y Nx
Conccntration
%me/lrle
%me/xe
%m/ke
%me/re
%mgke
%meAg
Halogenated Organic (HOC) . I mg4<g
Compounds (Sum of the list of HOCs)
REQUIRED CHEMICAL LASORATORY ANALYSIS. Gereraror must submir results of analyses of samples of the marerial. Rcsults arc
requ-ircd from a qualified laboratory for rhe following analyical parameters unless nonapplicabiliry of the analysis for the marcrial can bc stated and
iusiificd in anaihed starements. Anach all analyical results and QA/QC documentation. (CAunoN: PRIOR TO ARRANGING FOR
LasoRAroRy ANALysIs, cHECK wITH IUC AND LABoMToRY REGARDING urAH LABoRATORY CERTIFICATIONS.)
FOR ALL MATERIAL TypES: CHEMICAL ANALYSIS: Soil pH (9045), Paint Filtcr Liquids Tesr (9095): Reactivity (cyanide and sulfide).
I. MINIMI'M ADDITIONAL ANALYTICAL REQI.JIRED FOR:
a. Non-RCM Waste (Non Mixed Waste e.g., LLRW, NORM): TCLP including the 32 organics, 8 metals, and copper (Cu) and zmc(Zn).
2. REQUIRED RADIOLOGICAL ANALYSES. Please obtain sullicient samples to adequately determine a range and weighted averagc of
acrivlty in rhe material. Havc a sufficienr number of samples analyzed by gamma spectral anallcis for all natural isotoPcs such that they
ruppon the range and weighred average information for lhe material that will be recorded in item D.l. If Uraniunl Thoriurrl or othcr non'
g.',,,,,,," cmining nuclides are present in the material, have at least (t) sample evaluated by radiochemistry to determine thc concentration of
these additional contaminants in the materisl'
Generator or Contractor Initials:
Page 3 of4
I
Rddioactive Matcrial Profile Record
j!
3.PRE-SHIPMENT SAMPLES OF MATERIAL TO ruC
Once permission has been obtained tom IUC, and unless amenability samples have previously been sent to IUC, please send 5 represenrarive
samples of the material to IUC. A completed chain of cusody form mu$ be included with thc sampling containcrs. These samples will be
used to establish the material's incoming shipment seceptance parametsr tolerances and may be analped for additional parameters. Send
about two pounds (one liter) for cach sample in an air+ight clean glass container via United Parcel Pos (LJPS) or Fcdcral Exprcss to:
Inrernational Uranium (USA) Corporation, Attr: Sarple Conrol, 6425 S. Highway l9t, P.O. Box 809, Blanding, LrT 8451I
Phone: [phone]
LABORATORY CERTIFICATION INFORMATION. Plcase indicate below which of the following categories applics to your laboratory
data.
a. All radiologic data used to suPporl the dara in item C.l . must bc fiom a ccrtified laboratory.
_x_UTAlt CERTIFIED. The laboratory holds a current certification for the applicable chcmical or radiological paramerers from thc Utalr
Department of Healtb insofar as such oflicial certifications arc given.
_GENERATOR'S STATE CERTIFICATION. The laboratory holds a cunent certification for the applicable chemical parameters fiom the
generator's Statc insofar as such oflicial certifications arc given, or
_GENERATOR'S STATE LABORATORY REQUIREMENTS. The laboratory meets the rcguirements of thc generator's State or
cognizant agency for chcmical laboratories, or:
If using a non-Utah certifled laboratory, briefly describe the generator state's requirements for chemical analyical laboratorics to dcfend
the determination that thc laboratory used meets those requirements, especially in rerms of whether the requircmants are paramctcr
spccific, method spccific, or involve CLP or other QA data packages. Note: Whcl process or project lorowledgc of 0ris wasre is applicd,
additional analyical results may nol bc nccessary to complcte Section B. D.2. D.5. or D.6. of this forrn
b. For analyical work done by Utah-cenified laboratories, please provide a copy of the laborarory's current ccrtiftcation lencr for each
parameter anallzed and each method uscd for analyses rcquired by this form.
c. For analyical work done by laboratories which are not Utah-Certified, please provide thc following information:
Statc or Other Ageacy Contast Person Generator's Statc Telephone Number
4.
Lab Contact Pcrson Laboratory's Statr Telephone Numbcr
F. CERTIFICATION
GENERATOR'S CERTIFICATION: I certify that samples representative of the material described in this profile wcrc or shall be obtained using
state- and EPA-approved sampling methods. I also certify that where necessary those representative samples wcre or shall bc provided to IUC ayrd
to gualifrcd laborarories for the analyical rcsults reponed herein. I also certify that the information provided on this form is complete, mre and
correct and is accurately supportcd and documented by any laboratory tcsting as reguired by IUC. I certify that the results ofany said testing have
been submined rc IUC. I cmify thal the material describcd in this profile has been fully characterized and that hazardous constitucats listcd in l0
CFR 40 Appendix A Critcrion t3 which are applicable to this material have been indicated on this form. I further certi$ and wsnant to ruC rhar
thc matcrial represcntcd on this form is not a hazardous waste as defined by a0 CFR 261 andlor that this material is excrrpt from RCRA rcgulation
under 40 CFR 261.a(a[a).
The Generator's responsibilitics with rcspccl to thc material desc,ribed in this form are for policy, programmatic, funding and scheduling dccisions,
as well as gencral ovcrsight. The Conractor's responsibilities with respect to this material are for the day+o-day opcrations (in accordance with
gencral dirccrions given by the Generator as pan of its general oversight responsibility), including but not limited to the following responsibilities:
waste characterization, analpis and handling; sampling; monitoring; record keeping; reporting and contingency planning. Accordingly, the
Contractor has the reguisite lorowledge and authority to sign this certification on behalf of itself, and as agent for the Generator, on bchalf of the
Generator. By signing this certification, the Contractor is signing on its own behalf and on behalf of the Generator.
Generaror's or conuactor's Signature , b'q ,2 6l*
'
Title-coR
(Sign for the above certifications). (i (
Page 4 of 4
Do"-!Mp
APPENDD( C
Ashland I
|ru;r*,,r
ro /t 5 /oo
Amendment Rcquest
Ashland I
Liccnse SUA-1358
Ocrober 15. 1998
page 33' Table 4-26 ftom the Remedial Investigation (RI) Report for the Tonawanda Site(USDOE, February, 1993) identifies the oiganic contaminants detected on the Ashland Iproperty.
4.A portion of the
5. A Portion of the
New York (USACE, {nrit, l99g), *ti. f remediaiaction, and summary of site characteristics for the Ashland I and 2 sites.
(U.S. DOE, September I987) describes L
6' Portions of the NY State Department of Environmental Conservation phase I SiteInvestigation, Ashland petroleum company, Engineering Science, January, l9g6
7 ' Portions of the NY State Department of Environmental conservation phase II SiteInvestigation, Ashland Petroleum Company, Engineering Science, October, l9g9
Over the years' leaching has spread contamination from the Uranium Material to adjacent soils,increasing the volume to be removed. The Corps estimates that the volume of the UraniumMaterial is approximately 25,000 to 30,000 .r6i. yards ("cy.). phyJcdly, the UraniumMaterial is a moist material consisting of byproducts from uranium p.o""ssirrg opoutior,, t[.,"tailings"), mixed with site soils (RI Report uSDoE, February, 1993).
1.1 Radiochemical Data
Process history demonstrates that the Uranium Material results from the processing of natural,mined uranium-bearing ores. It is currently being managed, and would be disposed of (if notreprocessed) as I I e.(2) byproduct material. In thJ trunr"iipt of the public meeting on RoD forthe Ashland I and Ashland 2 sites, USACE site manager, Col. Conrad, indicates that the USACEexpects to dispose the Uranium Material as I le.(2)byproduct. IUSA tras preriously providedNRC a copy of this -RoD and public meeting ti*r.iipt, prior to our letter of June g, l99gregarding the Ashland 2 amendment request. we have included copies of the pertinent pages ofthe transcript in Attachment I of thii amendment request. In addition, Attachment I alsoincludes a letter and Radioactive waste Profile Record dated August lg, lgg6,from Bechtel, theprevious contractor at the Tonawanda site under usDoE, to Envirocare of utah in whichBechtel states that the uranium material from the Tonawanda site (Ashlari r, arnt and 2,Seawayand Linde) is I le'(2) byproduct material. and that the materiai contains no listed hazardouswaste.
Average uranium content is difficult to estimate, although site history and available data suggestthat recoverable uranium is present. Analytical data pririded to IUdA indicate uranium contentranging from non-detectable to approximatgly- 0.4 weight percent, or greater. A summary ofradionuclide concentrations in Ashfand I soil, from Tabie 4-24 0fthe Tonawanda Site RemedialInve-stigation Report, is provided in Attachment l. The ICF Kaiser Record of Decision for theAshland I and 2 sites indicates that soils will be excavated which exceed the derived cleanup
S :UAT\ASH I \ASH I AR.DOC
Amendment Request
Ashland I
License SUA-1358
October 15. 1998
Page 4
guideline of 40 pCi/g Th-230. Based on the RI Table 4-24,the average uranium concentration in
soils to be excavated per this guideline has been estimated by IUSA to be approximately 0.06
weight percent, which, using the same method of calculation, is expected to be greater than the
average uranium concentration of the Ashland 2 materials.
1.2 Hazardous Constituent Data
NRC guidance suggests that if a proposed feed material consists of hazardous waste, listed under
subpart D Section 261.30-33 of 40 CFR (or comparable RCRA authorized State regulations), itwould be subject to EPA (or State) regulation under RCRA. To avoid the complexities of
NRC/EPA dual regulation, such feed material may not be approved for processing ai a licensedmill. If the licensee can show that the proposed feed material does not consist of a listed
hazardous waste, this issue is resolved. NRC guidance further states that feed material exhibiting
only a characteristic of hazardous waste (ignitable, corrosive, reactive, toxic) would not be
regulated as hazardous waste and could therefore be approved for recycling and extraction of
source material. The NRC Alternate Feed Guidance also states that NRC staff may consult with
EPA (or the State) before making a determination on whether the feed material contains listed
hazardous waste.
The USDOE, based on site history, RI site characterization data, and field observations, has
indicated that the Uranium Material contains no RCRA listed hazardous wastes. The USACE,
based on its analysis of the Uranium Material and process knowledge, believes that the UraniumMaterial contains no RCRA listed hazardous wastes. Process hiitory and analytical data aredescribed in Attachment l.
IUSA has also engaged an independent consultant, experienced in refinery and chemical
processing, who has reviewed the site history and the chemical analyses available to date from
the RI. The consultant has confirmed that the contaminants identified at Ashland I are unlikely
to have come from listed sources. A review and evaluation of the analytes detected in the RI atAshland l, and rationale supporting the RI determination that the Uranium Materials do notcontain listed hazardous waste, is provided in Attachment 4.
To supplement the RI contamination data. the USACE contractor will perform three levels ofsampling on soils from the Ashland I excavation area. The sampling will be similar to the
sampling performed by ICF Kaiser Engineers (*ICFKE"), the USACE contractor at the Ashland2 site, as described in the IUSA letter to ICFKE, July 23, 1998 regarding Ashland 2Confirmatory Sampling, and the IUSA letter to Don Verbica, Srate of Utah beq, S"ptember 4,1998 regarding ICFKE sampling methodologies at Ashland 2, copies of which letters are
attached provided in Attachment 5.
As described in the above letters, the three levels of sampling will be as follows. First, prior to
development of their site Excavation and Restoration Plan, the USACE contractor will ierformpre-excavation sampling ("profile sampling") within the area determined in the USDOE RIreport to contain radiological contamination. The primary purpose of the profile sampling is toconfirm the extent of radiological contamination and the boundaries of the remedial excavation.
S:UAIASHI\ASH IAR.DOC
iLl'L<-Appendir A
RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL PROFILE RECORD
5.4.,*Gcncralor Namt:
Contncor Namc
Chcckapproprialcbor6:LiccnTd v'- Ny'xoRtyl/NARM-: LLRW-; MW-; MWTrcrrcd-, t*ioot*tr*,-, oOa-
origindSubmission:Yl/N-;Rcvision''.:DeteofRcvision:-l
N:mc rnd rrrlc of Pcrson comptcring ror-,3a^e.-f Pilkr'TC-4a rr,.*, 'l lb - F) 3 - IO 79 \
A. CUSTOMER INFORMATION:
GENERAL: Plcasc rcad carcfully and complctc this form for onc wastc $rcarn. This information will bc uscd to dcrcrminc how to propcrl.v maoagc
rhc marcrial. Should thcrc bc any gucstions whilc complcting this form, contact IUC at 303.3t9.4131. MATERIALS CANNOT BE'AC-CEPTEb
AT IUC WHrrE MESA MILL UNLESS THIS FORM IS COMPLETED. If a carcSory doqs nor apply, plcasc indicarc. This form must bc updared
annually.
t. GENERATORTNFORMATION
EPA ID#EPA Hazardous Wastc Numbc(s) (if applicablc)po Pe
Mailing Addrcss:
Phonc:?lb-917-Lloqt
Location of Matcrial (Ciry. ST):'
kl-iv o-
Mailing Addrcss (if diffcrcnt from above):lf (1 zo
Yno,r, lv 411' 4'l1? rax: '?lL -"i11 -
MATERIAL PHYSTCAL PROPERTIES (Should you havc any qucstions while complcting this scctiorl contact IUC Environmcnral Managemcnl ar
(303) 3E9-4 l3 l.
l. PHYSICAL DATA (lndicate perccntagc of material that will pass through the following
grid sizcs, c,g, 12" t007., 4'96y\ l" 74yc, ll4- SV/o, 1140" 3V/o. 1f200" So/c)
2. DESCRIPTION: Color
-
Browry'Multi- Odor-Orde rtos-y/
Liquid- Solidy! Sludgc- Powdcr/Dus-
(Sni I a",I 5o;l-rik, .-J. DENSITY-RANGE:(tndicarcdimcnsions) -fo-- I lO S.G. 6bJ-fl lb.,yd'
4. GENERAL CHARACTERTSTICS e/.OF EAC; \-/
GRADATION OF MATERIAL:
12' loo teeto. A,tt\*
1o_gox
v4' X{_*,
v4o- bL6+7o
1t200'@9r/b
Soil85 Building Dcbris- Rubblc lO Pipc Scdc- Tailings-f Proccss wastc- Concerc- plas$c/Rcsin-
Othcr constitucns and approximatc 7o contribution of cach:
5. MOISTURE CONTENT: (For soil or soil-likc matcrials).
(Usc Srd Proctor Mcthod ASTM D-69E) Optimum Moisrurc Contcnt: ll" V.
Avcrage Moisrurc Coorcnt: 19 u.
Moisrure Conrcnt Range: 9 -ZZ v.
6. DESCRIPTION OF WASTE (Plcasc attach a dcscription of thc wastc with rcspect to is physical composition and characrcrisrics
dcscription can bc a,;rachcd scparatcly or includcd with thc anachmcnr for lrcm D. l.)
Gcncrator lnitials:
llc.(2)l;1
P re- l??t
Co4pemtor lnitials:
,*,?"u$Bffiil*0..
This
't
|)o oo
.C. RADTOLOGICALEVALUATTON
l. WASTE STREAM INFORMATION. For each radioactivc isotope associatcd with thc marerial. plcasc lisl rhc following informarron.
liccnsc assumcs daughter products to bc prcscnt in cquilibrium. thcsc are nor rcguired to be listcd bclow arnd do normanifcsting. (Usc additional copi6 of this form if necessary).
IUC's
rcqutrc
Wcighted Weighredlsoropcs Conccntration Rangc Avcrage lsoropcs Concenrrarion Rurge Averagc
'fft'.l3"l*-'Y* b (Pciie) tpcuej
c. tt -2-"8 2, s to- t2'ls' f.
- -to-ND- Anarvre not dercctcd. S ee 4r"rps s,rbr,,') \ u) ;"a$aJ"*.-\r$rr,--*run
2. Y 0 ,:thc radioactiviry contained in thc wase matcrial Low-Level Radioacrivc Wasre as defrncd in rhc Low-Lcvcl Radioacrivc WasrcPolicy Amcndmcnts Act of 1985 or in DOE Order 5820.2A. Chaprcr lll? (Plcase Cirlc) lf yes, chcck.LLRW- block on li". i;
3. y 6 l",8t krm MATERIAL: tlt. *.rffi..-\1rYiiffi.o on an acrivc Nucrear Rcgurarory commission or Agrecmcnr srarc\/ liccnsc? (Pleasc Circlc) \J(lfYes)TYPEOFLICENSE:Source-i Spccial NuclcarMaterial _: By-Producr_;Norm_; NARM_;
N)xx
Y+_r
=
Z
(Y)
-x
*zx
LICENSTNG AGENCY:
D. CHEMICAL AND HAZARDOUS CHARACTERISTICS
I. DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY OF MATERIAL
Plcasc atrach a dcscription of the material to this profilc. lncludc thc following as applicable: Thc process by rvhich rhe marcrial was gcncrarcd.
AvailablcProccssknowlcdgcofthcmatcrial. Thcbasisofho"rdousmateriat dcrcrminarions. Alisrofthcchcmicalsandmarcrials-uscdinor
comminglcd with the wastc; a list of ury and all applicable EPA Ho'"rdous Wastc Number!, currcnt or former; and r tis of any and altapplicablc landdisposal prohibition or hazardous-wastc cxclusions, cxtcnsions, cxcmprions. efTccrivc dares, variances or dclistings. atuch thcmost rcccnt or applicablc analytical resulB o[ the matcriat's hazardous-wasrc charactcrisrics, consrirucns urd applicablc hazardous-wasrc
lrcatmcnt sundards. Anach any applicablc analyical rcsults involving thc composition of thc marcrial. Atrach ury product information orMatcrial Safcry Dam Shccs associatcd with thc matcrial. lf a catcgory on this Marcriat Profilc Record docs nor apply. icscribc why ir docs nor.
-Bl.asc dcscribe thc history, and include thc following:f$ N Wa-s this matcrial mixcd. trcatcd, ncutralizcd, solidificd, comminglcd, dricd. or othcrwisc proccsscd upon gcneration or at any timcY thcrcafier?
U/ -\ Uas this material bcen tnnsponed or othcrwisc rcmovcd from the locarion or sirc where it was originatly generarcd?
" E Ifi 1;i,1.,.n",
dcrivcd from (or is thc wasrc a rcsiduc oQ the trcatmcnt slonage. and/or disposal of hazardors wasrc defincd by 40
Y ($ Has this material becn trcated at any timc lo mect any applicabtc treatmcnt srandards?
2. LIST ALL KNOWN AND POSSIBLE CHEMTCAL COMPONENTS OR HAZARDOUS WASTE CHARACTERISTICS
(Y)
fYfx
IL.X)(
Y
E
Z-
(Y) (N)b. "Dcrived-From" HW _ )(, c. Toxicc. Sulfidcs Y f. Dioxinsh. Hcrbicidcs -i- i. pCBs
k. Pyrophorics
-
Y- l. Solveasn. Phcnolics X o. lnfccriousq. Corrosive
-
T r. Reacrivct. Bcryltium v
-
u. coppcrw. Thallium _ Y x. Vanadiumz Arscnic v _ aa. Barium
cc. Chromium )? _ dd. Lcadff. Sclenium )a c.e. Silvcrii. Nitratc
-
Z- J Nirrirell. Oil f _ mm. Fuct
oo. Othcr Known or Possiblc Marcrials or Chcmicals
Gcnerator lnitials:
Co-Opcrators lnitials:
a. Listcd HWd. Cyanidcsg. Pesticidesj. Explosivcsm. Organicsp. lgniublcs. Antimonyv. Nickcly. Alcohols
bb. Cadmium
cc. Mcreury
hh. Bcnzenc
kk. Fluoride
mm. Chclating egcnts]
oo oo
3. ANALYTTCAL RESULTS FOR TOXICrTY CHARACTERISTICS. (Plcasc transcribc resulls on thc blank spaccs providcd. Attach acidrrronr:
shccu if nccdcd. indicatc riurBc or worl'casc resulrs).
Merals (circle on.), 6"I-tEi o, TCLP (mgl)Organics (circlc onc): Toul (mgAg) or TCLP (m8/l)
Lcad -(^,LogBarium /qsb
Cadmium (r3
Chromium l'? tCoppcr ? rl1.O
ND - AnalYtc not dctectcd
ANALYTICAL RESULTS FOR REQUIRED PARAMETERS: (Plcasc
shccs if ncecded).
transcribc resulLs on thc blank spaccs provided. Anachcd addirional
a
Soil pH q- I
-
Paint Flitcr No Frcc Liquid -/ Cv-iac
-
Notaccccdy'Sulfidc Nor dcrccrcdmg/kS Rclcased mgAgLiquids T6t (Pass/Fail)Rclcascd
5. IGNITABILITY (40 CFR 25l.2llal[2]'[4J')
Usc anachmcns to
complcte, if nccessarY.)
Chcmical Component
Scc atrachcd dau shceB
-
Mcrcur-v O.1LZinc a ,f r
[q\e">e see 8,.,\ )f"An"1195
4.
rrasn roinr r\l I fi 'c ts thc wasrc a RCRA oxidizcr? Y @
CHEMTCAL COMPOSITION (Lin all known chcmical componcn[s urd circ]e rhc applicable conccntration dimensions6.
Conccntmtion Chcmical Componcnt Conccntration
Ccncrator lnitials:
Co-Opcrator lnitials:
gru
./
-a-/
'/c mglkg
o/omgA,,g
'/omgkg
o/o mgkg Z\
% mgAg
c/cmgA,g
mYkg
CompounG (Sum of the lis of HOCs)
REeUIRED CHEMICAL LABORATORY ANALYSIS. Gcncrator must submit resuls of analyscs of samplcs of the wasrc. Rcsults are rcguircd
from a qualified labonrory for rhc following analytical pararnctcrs unlcss nonapplicability of thc analysis forlhc wastc cur bc statcd and justified in
anachcd sraremcnrs. Atuch all analytical rcsuls and QA/QC documcniation. (CAUTION: PRIOR TO ARRANGING FOR LABRATORY
ANALYSIS. CHECK WITH tUC AND LABORATORY REGARDING UTAH LABORATORY CERTIFICATIONS.)
FOR ALL MATERTAL TYPES: CHEMTCAL ANALYSIS: Soil pH (9045), Paint Filter Liquids Tcs (9095): Rcactivity (cyanidc and sulfidc).
I. MINIMUM ADDITIONAL ANALYTICAL REQUIRED FOR:
a. Non-RCRA Waste (Non Mixcd Wastc i.c., LLRW, NORM): TCLP including thc 32 organicl 8 mculs. and coppcr (Cu) and zinc (Zn).
1
Hdogenatcd Organic (HOC)
't
I
oo OO
REOUIRED RADIOLOCICAL ANALYSES. Plcasc obtain sufTicient samplcs to adcquatclv dcrerminc a rangc urd *.cighred averaee oiactivity in thc wasrc- Have I sulficient numbcr of samples analyzcd by gamma specrral analysis for all narural isoropcs suchjhat thcy suppo,i,thc rangc and wcightcd avcra8. information for the waste strcam rhat will bc recordcd in ircm D. l. lf Uranium. Thoiium. or olhcr non-g.i,,,ocmining nuclidcs arc Prcscnt in thc matcrial. havc at lcast ( l) samplc cvaluared by radiochemistr-v to dcrcrminc thc concentration of theseadditional conu ninans in thc matcrial.
PRE.SHIPMENT SAMPLES OF MATERIAL TO tUC
Oncc pcrmission has bccn obtained from lUC. plcasc scnd 5 rcprcscnErivc samplcs of thc material ro lUC. A complcrcd chain of cusrody formmust bc includcd wirh thc sampling containcn. Thcse samples will bc uscd ro esublish rhc marerial's incoming snifmcnr acccplanccpztrarrctct tolcranccs and may be analyzed for additional pararncrcE. Send abour rwo pounds (one lircr) for cach ,",Ilit. in-ai air-tigtrt ctcanghqs containcr via Unitcd Parccl Posr (UPS) or Fedcral Express ro:
lntcmational Uranium (USA) Corporalion, Attn: Sarnplc Conrrol 6425 S. Highway l9l, p.O. Box g09, Blurding, UT g45 I IPhonc: (435)67E-2221
LABORATORY CERTIFICATION INFORMATION. Plcasc indicatc below which of the following caregories applies ro your labonron,data-
a
3.
4.
All ndiologic dau uscd to suPPon rhc dara in itcm C. l. must bc from a ccnificd laborarory.
x urau cERT-lFlED. Thc laboratory holds a currenl cenificarion for rhc applicable chemical or radiological paramcrcrs from the urahDcpanmcnt of Health insofar as such oflicial ccnificarions are givcn.
-GENERATOR'S
STATE CERTIFICATION. Thc laboratory holds a currcnt ccnificarion
gcncnrrcr's Srarc insofar as such oflicial scnifrcarions arc given, or
-GENERATOR'S
STATE LABORATORY REQUTREMENTS. The laboratory mecs rhc rcquiremenr of rhc gcncraror's Srarc orcognizant agcncy for chemical laboratorics, or:
If using a non-Utah ccnificd laboratory. bricfly dcscribc thc Scncrator sutc's rcquircmcnu for chcmical analytical laborarorics ro dcfendthe detcrmination that the laboratory uscd mcets ,thosc rcguirements, cspccially in rcrms of whcthcr rhc Lquircmcn6 arc paramcre,
spccilic. mcthod specific, or involvc CLP or othcr QA data packages. Notc: Whcn proccss or projccr knowledgc of this wasrc is applicd.additional analytical resulu may not bc ncccssar.v to complcrc Sccrion B. D.2. D.5. or D.6. of this form.
b. For analytical work done by Utah-ccnificd laboratorics. plcasc providc a copy of rhe laborarory's curcnr cenificarion lerrcr for eachparzrmctcr analyzed and cach method uscd for analyscs rcquircd by this form.
c' For analytical work done by laboratorics which arc not Utah-Ccnificd. plcasc provide thc following informarion:
for thc applicablc chcmical paramclers from rhe
State of Othcr Agency Conuct Pcrson Gcncrator's Statc Tclephonc Numbcr
Lab Conuct Pcrson
F. CERTIFICATION
Laborarory's Sratc Telcphonc Numbcr
GENERATOR'S CERTIFICATION OF REPRESENTATTVE SAMPLES. ANALYTTCAL RESULTS FROM QUALIFIED LABORATORTES.USE OF APPROVED ANALYTICAL AND SAMPLTNG METHODS. AND ARRANGEMENTS FOR TREATMENT OR NON-PROHIBTTEDDISPOSAL: I cenify that samplcs tcprescnuttivc of thc wastc dcscribcd in this profilc wcre or shall bc obuined using sratc- and EpA-approvcdsampling mcthods. I also ccnify thal rvhcrc ncccssary lhosc represcnurive samples lIcrc or shall bc providcd to IUC a-nd to qualificd laboraoricsfor thc analytical rcsuls rcponed hercin. I funhcr ccnify thar rhc wasrc dcscribcd in rhis rccord is nor prohibircd from land disposal in 40 cFR 26t(unlcss prior arrarrgcmcn6 a'lr made for trcatmcnt at IUC and that all applicablc rrcatmcnt sundards arc clcarly indicarcd on this form. t also ccnify
:li:ll-.,ilf.,T:,i1n- 111,i-d."-1:11!lt l"-.is com.p.letc. truc and.corecr.and is accurarely supponed and doiumcnred by ury taborarory rcsring asrcquircd by lUC. I ceni!resuls of any said rcsring have bcen submitrcd to iUC.
Generator's Sig Ti:JeC,O,4,
Co-Opcrator's Si Titlc Iz:zwz
"-
VtnUl'Yntt-
Ra d ioa ctir lo . r.,n l.ffi *io,T-*j,o;
CHEIuICALAI{DHAZARDoUSCHARACTEzuSTICS
Histor.v
From 1942 to lg46,five onsite buildings now owned by-Praxair were used in uranium processing for
ffip in support of the war effort. Ttre proc.ss separated.y*i,-, from pitchblende and domestic ore
concenEates. A toral of 28,300 tons of tre was Processed between 1943 and 1946'
prorair buildings are included with Ashland l, Astrland 2, and Seaway Industial Park in the
Tonawanda Site waste sueam because residues fiom ruanium processing at prarcair were disposed of
at nearby Ashland I and at the Niagara Falls storage site in Lewiston, New York' Somc of the
radioactive soil at Ashland I was later excavated dtuing petroleum storaSe tank constr:ction and
moved to two other properties in Tonawanda' Ashland 2 a$ seaway Indusrial Park'
/./-
,rnjyn{"sh]and I (formerly known as the Haist property) was leased b{ IED for use by the federal
flr.*-.nt. In lgqq, N,fEOpruchased rhe properry to serve as a disposal site for approximately
E,ooo tons of ,ranium ore r.io.ry residues from the nearby Linde Air Producs facility. The process
residues were spread over two-thirds of the Astrland I property to estimated depths of I to 5 ft'
Ashland oil p,rchased the properry in 1960, after AEc determined that levels bf residual
radioactivity were below guidelines tben in effect and released the land as surplus. In 1974, Ashland
Oil constnrcted bermed arias and two petoleum storage tar*s at Ashland l' Most of the soil
removed d,ring consEuction of the bemred area and dr"in.g. ditch was moved to the nearby Ashland
2 and seaway properties. The storage tanls weri removed in 1989, but the berms remained' The
estimated site rotal waste volu'me is 120,200 yd3 '
Fescrifrtion of Waste Material
Current remedial action activities at Pra,xair include decontanination and/or demolition of-site
buildings and remediation of a soil pile. waste generated during the building remedial action
activities will include items sucb as metal, misciualeous dus! wood' fibcrglass' glass' PPE'
ceramics, masoDry, roofing materials, electrical equipmeo! conduit, plaster, rubber' graphitc' IIDPE'
caulking, welding ro4 sofAfied liquids, respirator caiuidges, and asbcstos-containing-materid'
Remediation of the on-site soil pile will renrlt in the generation of radioactively contaminated soil
and gravel mixed with buildiDg rubblc. The materiats in the soil pile came from fogr different
operations conducted by the site owner. These operatio',s include lbe constr,rction of a buildinB, the
renovation of the parking lot, building decontamination efforts, and tbe demolition of a building'
Most of these operatioJir,.ira.a sitJ rru material, whicb contairs local slag with nattfally occurring
radioactive "ooititu.nts above the regional backgrorurd lcvels.
Future remedial action activities are expected to include remediation of soil with residuat
radioactivity levels above guidelines at Ashland.l, Astrland 2 and Seaway'
tT
,l Ra d i oa c t ir'. t) r,o n r .xt': Tl Htffi it
Following deconamination efforts in lg4g and again in lggl, remedial investigation activities in
lggl identified s,rfac. ,.iio..tiriry .uor. iltd.-lt":: in the buildings used'for ,ranium processing at
pra,xair and erevatJr.ai*rcrid" lireis in ioit. Radionuclides of concern are uranium-238' thorium-
232, and,thorium-2!o tri,. prir.ry ,.ai-o;;; constituent). soruces of radioactivity are subsurfacc
so,s (rargely inaccessitte u."ars.,h.;;; ;overed uy buiiding fo,ndations and paving) and residual
r.i1".",iii,y 1p;-ttily fixed) in the fotu buildings'
TheprimaryradioactiveconstituentsofconcernatAstrlandtandAstr]and2andSeawayare
uranium-238, radiurn- 226, andthorium-23o and metals in the soils and sediments'
Duetorhecomplexityofttriswastesteam'itisquitepossiblethatuacequantitiesofRCRA
regulated sorvents, semi-volatiles, and other chemicals may show up in the anaryticar data- Bechter
Nationar, rnc. has taken great precautionary measures,o .nr*. thaino listed hazardous waste has
been added to trris *rsi.io""rn. Bechtel h^ ro reason tobelieve, afler historical research, personal
inrerviews, and physical inspectionr, 'r'ii any of rhis waste stream contains any amotrnt of listed
wasti. Furthermore, there have been;;,*iir of risted waste into this waste stream, none of this
waste has been generated as a result of the treatment, storage, or disposar of a risted hazardous waste,
andnowastehasbeenmixed*itt,o,iscontainedin'orcommingledwiththiswastesream'
CbemicalandradiologicalcorstituentsaresummarizcdinTablesl.3.
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APPENDX D
Heritage
.f
r-:'
Exhibit A
RADIOACTIVE I\{ATERIAL PROFILE RECORD
Gcncraor Nenr: llcrirrgt Mhcreb lnc. Gctlcretornillnc Srrcam #: Not ApplicaUc Volumc of Wrsc Macrirt: 1,0fi) yds3
Cqrtraoor Namc: Rrdirdon Sdcncc lnc. Wrsc Srrc.m N.mc: rrron.dt r$tds. Ddivay Dac:
Chcck rypropriac boxcs: Ucrsod Y f, N
-
NORIWNARM _; LLRW _: ld\tr _: lvfW Trcatcd _; MW Ncoding Trurl _;
DOE _; l la(2)-; Sonrcr Mrtcrid
OrighrlSubmissim: Y f N-; Rc\risio#-; DacofRa,isio:
Namc md Titlc of Pcrsan Corplaing Form: Scoo Dcnnerlcln, Sr. Hcdth PhFt fut
CUSTOMER INFORIVIATION:
GENERAL: Pleasc read carefully and cornplete this form for one wasle stream. This informarion wilt bc used to derernrine
how to properly mansge l}te marerial. Should there be any guestions while completing this fonn" contsct IUC at
303.3E9.4I3I. N4ATERIAIS CA}.INOT BE ACCEPTED AT ruC WHTTE MESA MILL UNI.ESS THIS FORM IS
COMPLETED. If a cetegory does not apply, please indicate. This form must bc updatcd annqally.
L GENERA'TORIMORIvIATION
EPA ID# Nor Applicrblc EPA Hazardous Waste Nrunber(s) (if appliceble) Nor Applicrbtc
Plant Address: Herirrgc Miuerals Inc., Route 70, Milc marker 41, Lakchunt, NJ 087J3
Phone:[phone]o Fax[phone]
Location of Marcrial (City, ST): Lrkcbunt, NJ
Crenerator Conua: John Lord Ti0e:
Mailing Address (if different from above): : Herirage lVlioerals l-nc, 4000 Route 66, Tintoo Fellr, NJ 07?53
Phone:[phone]W Fax [phone]
B. I4ATERIAL P]rySICAL PROPERTIES (Should you have any questions w]rile completing this scctim, conrad ruC
Environmental Managcnrenr 8t (303) 3894I3I.
Pbsrc:6lD 3931996
1. PITSICAL DATA (Indicate p€rcentage of marerial that will pass tlnough the following
grid sizcs, e,E,12" l00o/o,4'96yo,l" 74o/o,ll4' 50o/o,ll40'3Oo/o,lDO}" .5o/o)
Mesb +20 .25'h, *3O .78'/o, +40 1.74'/o, +50 2.38.6, +7O 7.36.h, +120 44.75"h,
+2lN 40.19c/", +27O 2.32y., PA}1 .211'/"
GRADATIONOF
IvIATERLAL:
4.
DESCRIPflON: Color-Brown/Multi X Odor_ Odorless f,,
Liquid_ Solid ! Sludge_ Powder/Dust_
DENSITY RAl,lGE: (lndicate dimensions) 3,000 S.G.
GENERAL CHARACTERISTICS (% OF EACH)
Soil- Buildtg Debris- Rubble- Pipe Scale- Tailings_ hocess Wase_ Concrere_
PlasticrResin_
Other constitumu and approximate % contributisn of each:
MOISTURE CONTENT: (Fsr soil q soil-like mstcrials).
(Use Std hoctor Method ASTM D698)
b./n3 @
llXlo/o narunl sands
Optimun Moisnrre Contcnt: _%
Average Moisrure Content _Vo
Moisnrre Conrent Range: o/o
5.
a
f
6. DESCRIPilON oF IUATERIAL (Pleasc stlach a description of the material with respocr ro irs phpical compositionand charactcristics. This description can bc attached separately q included with the itrachmarr f,. IreurD.t.)_
Gencraror or Cmtraaor Initials: 9q
-
C. RADIOI,OGICALEVALUATION
l. MATERIAL INFORIdATION. For each radioactivc isotope associated witb rhe marerial, pleasc lis the followinginformation. IUC's liccnse assumes daughter gr-oducts to be present in equilibrrium- these arinor required ro te 1;sdbelowand do not reguire manifesting. (Use additional copiei ofthis forni ifnccessiryl.
Isotopcs Colrc€xltration Rrnge
(Pci/e)a.Th23l2 ro
c. U-23E
e.
Weighlcd
Average
(pcire)I,190 b.
208
Isotopes Concentratiur Range
(pci/e)RrZl6 ro
WeiEhled
Avcrage
(pcire)
tt6
I,190d. Rr-Zlt
f.
I{D - Analyte not daecrcd.
2. Y @ I rhc radioaaiviry conlsined in the rnaste marrial lpw-I-evel Radioactive Waste as delined in the lrw-kvel Radioactjve Waste Policy Amendments Act of l9E5 or in DOE Ordcr 58202A. Chspra. III? (plcasc
,- Circle) If yes, check 'LLRW" block m line 3 of page l.3. (J, N I:ICENSED IvIATERLAL: Is the waste marerial- lisred gI included on an active Nuclcar RegularoryCommission o Agreernenr Sute liccosc? (please Circle)(If Yes) TY?E oF UGENSE: Source !; special Nucler- Marerial : By-product : Num _;NARM;;
UCENSINGAGENCY: USI{RC #SMBtS4r
CHEMCAL A}ID HAZARDOUS C}TARACTERISTICS
]. DESCRIPT]ON AND HISTORY OF IUATERIAL
Please anactr a description of the material to Ois profile. Include the following as ap,plicable: The proccss by which thematerial was geaerated.- Available prooess knowledge of the material. Tlie baJi's of hazardous matcrial or wastedeterminarims' A list of the cheanicals, matcrials or wastes used in or commingled with rhe matcrial; a lis of ury andall applicable EPA Hazardous wEste Numbers, cuxreol or former, and a list oi -y -o at "pf.rul. fanaai-ffiprohibition or hazardous-waste exclusions. exlensions, exemptions, ellective aares, variances oifai"tiogr. enach thcmost ,eccnt or applicable analyicel resulrs of lhe material's hazardous-waste charaoerisrics q, costituents, itavailable. Attach any-spPlicsble analytical resuls involving the composition of tlre marerial. Attacb any pjuainformation or Material Safety Data Sheets associared with the mareriai. If a caregory on rfris fr{areriaf holile Reco,rddoes not apply, desoibe wty it does not.
Pleasc describe the hincy, and include thc followiag:
V @W-as this material mixed, lreated, neutralized, solidilied. commingled, dried, 61 orhcrwise proccsscd at any time
, q *t#Tl,*'", *o, transpo'red or othenvise removed aom rhe locarion or sire wherc ir uas originauy
Y Q9.I::,9: ,t*i:l derived from (or is lhe material a residue of) thc treatmenr, srorage, and/or disposal of. hazardous waste defmed bya0 CFR 261?Y Qi Has lhis matcrial been treated at any time lo meel any applicable lreatmmt stan&rds?
2. LIST ALL }C}IOWN A}ID POSSIBLE CHEMCAL COMPONENTS
C}I,ARACTERISTICS
OR }IAZARDOUS WASTE
(Y) (N)c. Toxic _ Xf. Dioxins _ Xi. PCBs _ XL Solvcnts _ Xo. Infectious _ X,. Reaaive _ Xu. Copcr _ Xx. Vanadium _ X
aa. Barium _ X
dd. l,cad _ Xgg. Silver _ Xi,. Nitrite _ Xmm.Frcl _ X
a.
d.
e.j.
m.
P.
s.
v.
v.
bb.
ee.
hb.
k&.
nn.
PP.
(Y) (N) G) N)Listcd HW _ X b. 'Derived-From.IfW XCyanides
-
X e. S,lfidcs
-fPcstisidcs _ X h. Hcrbicidcs
-fExplosives _ X k.Pyro,phorics _fOrganics _ X n- Phenolics
-T-tEniuble _ X q. Corrosive a_Antimmy _ X t. Bcqvllium
-fNic,ket _ X w.Thaltium
-fAlcohols _ x z. Arscnic
-a_Ca&niunr _ x cc.Chromiun
-T-Mercu"v _ x _If.Selenium
-fBenzene _ I ii.Nirrare
-EFlumide _ X ll.Oit
--X-ChelatingAgents_ X oo. Residue from uaterrE6-eniT-O
Other Itrovm u Possible Materials or Chenricals None
Generator q Contractu Initials:
3. Al{ALynCAL RESULTS FOR TOXCITY CHARACTERISTICS. @lease lnnscribe resulrs, if available, m rheblrtk spaces provided. Atuch additional sheets if needed, indicote nngc tr worst.case rezults).NOT APPLICABLE/TEST NOT PERFORMEDMculs (circle one): Toul (rngAg) or TCLP (men)Organics (circle one):Toral (mgAS) o TCLP (rner)
l.cadBriun
Mcrcury
Cadni "tZgrc
Chromium
Copper
ND - Analyrc not derecled
AI{ALYilCAL RESIJLTS FOR REQUIRED PARAITETERS: (Please transcribe rezuls if arnilable, m rhe blqrk
spaces provided. Attached additioaal slreets ifneeded).
NOT APPLICABLE/TEST NOT PERFORMEI)
Soil pH
Paint Fiher Test @ass/Fail)Cyanide Not detectcd_
Sulfide _ Not delectcd_
Liquids
Released
Released
No Free Liquid _m8A8
m8^8
5. IGMTABIUTY (40 cFR 26121[a)12).14].) Nor AppTJcABLE/TEsr Nor PER.FORMEDor ocFlash Point
6. CHEMCAL COMPOSffiON (List all knovm chemical
dimensions. Use attachmenls to complete. if nccessary.)
Is lhe waste a RCRA oxirtizer? Y @
componeots and circle the applicable sooaentration
Chcrnical
ComooneilIllOr
Concentration
19.3'/.
Chenrical
Comoqrcnl
CoOr
Conceilration
44.56.h
2.76'/t
1.05 t/.
Chernical
Comoonent
PrsOsl
YrOr
Concentratiur
4.93'/t
6.2i1 ./.NdrOs 17.63'/. SnzO3
GdrOr 1.E51/c Dy:Or Otberr 1.70./o
E. REQUIRED CHEMCAL LABORATORY AlilALySB. Generats must subnxit results of analyses of saruples of themat€rial. Resuls are required from a qualified laboratory for the following analyical paramet€rs -,t"o o-"ppii"UiUtytthe analysis for lhe marerial cao be stated and justified in anached staremeots. Atrach all anal),ttcal rcsrfr!'ana atac
/,i.'
dOCUTTTCTTUTiON AVAiIAbIC. (CAUTION: PRIOR TO ARRA].IGING FOR I.ABORATORY ANALYSE, CHECK WITII ruCAI'ID I ABoRAToRY REGARDING UTAII LABoRAToRY cERTIFlcAnoNs.)
FOR ALL MATERIAL T)IPES: CHEMICAL AI'IALYSIS: Soil pH (9045), Paint Fitrcr Liquids Tgsr (9'095): Reactivit-v(clanide and sullide).
I. MINIMUM ADDMONAL AI.TALTNCAL REQUIRED FOR: NOT APPLICA3LE
8. Non-RCRA waste (Nsn Mixed waste e.g., IIRW, NoRM): TCLP including the 32 organics, g metals, andcoppcr (Cu) and zinc (Zn).
2- REQIJIRED RADIOLOGICAL AIIALYSES. Ptease obtain sufliciear samples ro adeguarely derermine a raage andweiShted sverate of activity in the material. Have a sufficienr number of samples analpea Uy g*" spearal "rrty"i"for all natural isotopes such that thgl support lhe range and weightcd .".r"gi informalon fsr ibe material that will berecoded in iterr D.l. If Uranirmr- Thoriunu or other non-gammi emining airclides are prescnt in rhe marerial. have atleas (l) sample evaluated by radiochemistry to derermfuL the concenuation of these aaairionat contaminanis in them8tcrid.
Generstc or Contractor Inirials:
3. PRE.SHIPMENT SAT4PLES OF T{ATERLAL TO ruC
once permission has been obtained from IUC, and rmless amenability samples have previously bccn seot to IUC,please send 5 represeatative samples of the marerial to IUC. A completed chain of cusdy fonn rrusr bc included withthe sampliry containers. These samples will be used to esuulislr the marerial's inJffi supmcnr ".".prrr,".Patameter tol€rances and may be analped for_-aldi1ignal parametcrs. Send about t*o poroia" (onc litcr) fsr cachsample in an air-ti3ht clean giass container via United Parcel Posr (IJPS) u Federal fxpre} to:
Internarional Uranium (USA) Corporatioo, Ath: Sample Control,
E45l I
Phone: (435)67&.2221
4' LABORATORY CERTIFICATION INFORMATION. Please indicare below wtrich of rhe following categoriesapplies to your labostry dat8.
6425 S. Hiehuray l9I, P.O. Box 809, g1gnding, UT
a. All radiologic dau used ro suppofl lhe data in item C.l. must be from a certilied labo,rarry.
fE-280r ffi\"-ffi .,ffi iir#*1"Lt"ilxff Tff I'HT"ff#JrJ,l'j:emicarorradiorogicar
-GENERAToR'S
STATE CERTIFICATION. The Iaboatory holds a curenl certificstion fq rhe applicablechemical Paramelers Aom the generalor's Sute insofar as such oflicial cgtifications rrc grrc11 ;
-GBIERATOR'S
STATE LABORATORY REQT IREMENTS. The laboratory meets the requirerncns of thegencrator's Sute sr cogrrizanl agency for chernical laboratories, or:
If using a non-Utah Tryfi"-d laboratory, briefly describe lhe geaerator srare's requirem€nts fu chenrical analyticatlaboratories to defeod the determination that the laborarory used meets those reluirements, esfra[y in terins oiwlrether thc requiremotts ar€ parameter specific,. merhod specific, or involve b],p or "d;-aA aal pacrala.Note: when Proeess o^r Prlje,l knowledge of lhis wasre-ii apptieo. addirional analyrical ri"ors n1iv "rib.nec€ssary ro complae Section B. D.2. D.5. or D.6. of this form.
b. For analytical work done by Utah-ccrtified.laboratories, please provide I copy of the laboratry's currmlcertification lener for each parameter analped and each mert oO ur"d for analyses iequired Uirfris fUi".
c' For analytical wor* done by laboratories which are Dot Utah-Certified, please provide the foltowing information:
State s, OtlraAgenry Conrad Pcrson Generalsr's State Telephone Number
Iab Conua Pcrson Laboratory's State Telephone Numbcr
'./,
,t
F. CERTIFICATION
GENEMTOR'S CERTIRCATION: I also ccrti$ that wlrere necessary those represenutive samples wgre or shsu beprovided to IUC and to gualified laboratories for the analyicat resulrs reported trcrein. I also ccrtiS that the informarionprovided on lhis form is complete, tnre and correcl and is accurately supported and documented Uy uty laUorat-y r.tti"g ;,required W ruC. I certi$ that the results of any said testing have LLen zubmined ro IUC. i ""rtiry 1116r rtre g1rrJi"fdescn'bed in this profile has been fullv characterizcd and thai hazardous consriruents tised in lO CfR 40 ;pp.rdi; ;Criterion t3 which are applicable to thii material have been inrticared on rhis form. I furrher certiry and waranl to IUC rharthe material represented on this form is not a hazardous waste as defured by a0 cER 261 anrvor thar rr,ir *"t.ri"rl;;;;from RCM regulation wrder 40 CFR 261.4(a|4).
The Generaror's responsibilities-u'ith re$gct to the malerial described in this form are for policy, propammatic, fiurdingand scheduling decisions, as well as general oversight. The Conuaaor's responsibiliri.s *irtir.spoi to itr;s materia are iithe day-today operations (in accordance with gentral direaions given by thc Generarsr-; pnh of it" g;;i or;gh,responsr'bility), including but not limited to the following r.rporro'uiliti.i *rrr. characreriza-Jm- anaty*s -a fr-iifusampling; moniroring: recod keeping; reportiry. ano contingency planning. Accordingly. rlrc c*trr"r. has the requisiicknowledge and authority.ro siEn this cerrification on uctratf oiiisetf..id "r.g-tiol-rrt. c*.""r-, m behalf of theGeaerator' B, )K"ificetior1 theconvyr: ]trT irJ "7u.r,"iiil;;h"folo" c*.rr,r.
Generaror's "@ Signature Tilte Sr.HealthphvsicisrDate
(Sign for the above certifications).
INrrnNarroNAL
UneNluu (use)
ConronauoN
Irtrlepentlence Plivit, Suite 950 . 1050 Seventeenth street . Denver, CO 80265 . 303 628 7798 (main) . 303 38g al25 (fax)
July 5, 2000
\rIA OVERNIGHT MAIL
Mr. Phillip Ting, Branch Chief
Fuel Cycle and Safety and Safeguards Branch
Division of Fuel Cycle Licensing
Oflice ofNuclear Material Safety and Safeguards
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
2 White Flint Nort[ Mail Stop T-719
I1545 Rockville Pike
Rockville, MD 20852
Re: Amendment Request to Process an AJternate Feed Material from Heritage Minerals, Inc.at White Mesa Uranium Mill
Source Material License No. SUA-I359
Dear Mr. Ting:
International Uranium (USA) Colporation ("IUSA") hereby submits the enclosed request to
amend Source Material License No. SUA-1358 to authorize receipt and processing of a uianium-
bearing monazite sand material resulting from the processing of natural sands foritre recovery ofthe heavy mineral, ilmenite. For ease of reference, this material is referred to herein as the"Uranium Material". The Uranium Material is currently stored at the Heritage Minerals, Inc.("HMf') site in Lakehurst, New Jersey (the "Lakehurst facility"). The Uianium Material,referred to by HM as "monarite sand" is currently regulated .r Sourr. Material under SourceMaterial License No. SMB l54l issued by the U.S. NRa.
From 1973 to 1982 ASARCO, Inc. ("ASARCO") dredged and processed natural sands forrecovery of heavy minerals, primarily the titanium mineril ilmeniie, at rhe Lakehurst facility.The process utilized gravimetric, magnetic, electrostatic, and heating steps, with no chemicalleaching or extraction. The primary byproduct was a lighter tailings fraction stored on site.ASARCO ceased operations in 1982. HMI purchased the prop"rty in 1986 and resumedoperations until 1990, when all prod.uction stopped. During Inrrflt operatiol, the facilityreProcessed the lighter tailings fraction remaining from AS-ARCO's operation for furtherrecovery of healy minerals, and produced an additional product, stored on site as .,monazite
sand"' This monazite sand was licensed by NRC as source material in December of 1990. HMI
has prepared a Final Status Survey Plan ("Decommissioning Ptan") for termination of the site,sNRC license. The Plan includes removal of the monazite-sand pile and shipment for offl-sitemanagement. This amendment request seeks authorization to process the monazite sand,
S :MRR\Ileritage\Heriugel r. doc
Mr. PhillipTing
July 5, 2000
Page 2 of5
referred to herein as the Uranium Material, at IUSA's White Mesa Mill ('the Mill',) as an
alternate feed/ore.
Based on information available, HM estimates that the total volume of the Uranium Material is
expected to be approximately 1,000 cubic yards (*Cy'). According to HMI personnel, thispreliminary estimate could increase by as much as 20 percent during removal
-and
shipment.
However^ due to the relati small of this material, this license amendment
for uD to to ensure that all of theUranium Material
Material Composition and Volume1.1 Historical Summary of Sources1.2 RadiochemicalData1.3 Hazardous Constituent Data and Reviews1.4 RegulatoryConsiderations
HM estimates that the Uranium Material has a uranium content of approximately 0.05 percent
by weight (0.06 percent UgOe), or greater, for the entire volume of Uranium Material.
The processing of the Uranium Material will not increase the Mill's production to exceed the
License Condition No. I0.l limit of 4,380 tons of UrOs per calendar year. Because productionwill remain within the limits assessed in the original Environmental Assessment, the piocess willbe essentially unchanged, and the Uranium Material is similar physically and in content to theMill's existing tailings, this amendment will result in no significant Lnvironmental impacts
beyond those originally evaluated.
The disposal of the l1e.(2) byproduo material resulting from processing the Uranium Materiatwill not change the characteristics of the Mill tailings from the characGristics associated withnormal milling operations.
It will be a condition of the license amendment that the Mill shalt not accept any UraniumMaterial at the site unless and until thelvlill's Safety and Environmental Review pan"i 1..SERp.1has determined that the Mill has suffrcient licensed tailings capacity. The tailings capatity must
be sufficient to permanently store:
(a). all I I e.(2) byproduct material that would result from the processing of all the UraniumMaterial;(b). all other ores and alternate feed materials on site; and(c). all other materials required to be disposed of in the Mill's tailings impoundments
pursuant to the Mill's reclamation plan.
Complete details are provided in the attached Request to Amend, which includes the following
sections:
INTRODUCTION
1.0
S :\M RX.\H criuge\H critrgcltr. doc
Mr. Phillip Ting
July 5, 200Ot Page 3 of5
2.0 TransportationConsiderations
3.0 Process
4.0 Safety Measures4.1 Control of Airborne Contamination4.2 Radiation Safety4.3 Vehicle Scan
5.0 Other Information5.1 Added Advantage ofRecycling
CERTIFICATION
Attachment I HM Site Location Maps, Volume Estimates, and Process History
Attachment 2 Uranium Content Estimates, Material Description, and Analyical Data for
Uranium Material
Attachment 3 ruSA/UDEQ Protocol for Determining Whether Alternate Feed Materials
are RCRA Listed Hazardous Wastes
Attachment 4 HMI Allidavit Confirming No RCRA Listed Hazardous Waste in
Uranium Material
Attachment 5 Radioactive Materialprofile Record
Attachment 6 Memorandum from Independent Consultant Regarding No RCRA Listed
Hazardous Waste in Uranium Material
Attachment 7 While Mesa Mill Equipment Release/Radiological Survey procedure
To ensure that all pertinent information is included in this and anticipated supplemental
submittals, the following guidelines were used in preparing this Request to Amend:
o U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ("NRC") Final Position and Guidance on the Use ofUranium Mill Feed Material Other Than Natural Ores (Federal Register Volume 60, No.
I 84, September 22, I 995).
o EnergY Fuels Nuclear ("EEN') request to the NRC for the amendment to process uranium-bearing potassium diuranate (KzUzOz) in a solution of potassium hydioxide/potassium
fluoride in water ("KOH Amendment").
S :WRR\ll critrgcUl critrgcltr. doc
Mr. PhillipTing
July 5, 2000
Pagc 4 of5
NRC and State of Utah comments and requests for information relative to the KOH
Amendment.
EFN request to NRC for the Rhone-Poulenc alternate feed amendment.
NRC and State of Utah comments and requests for information relative to the EFN request
for the Rhone-Poulenc alternate feed amendment.
EEN request to the NRC for the amendment to process uranium-bearing material owned by
the Cabot Corporation.
EEN request to the NRC for the amendment to process uranium-bearing material owned bythe U.S. Department of Energy.
ruSA request to the NRC for the amendment to process uranium-bearing material from U.S.Army Corps ofEngineers Ashland 2 Site.
NRC and State of Utah comments and requests for information retative to the ruSA requestfor the Ashland 2 Site alternate feed amendment, and procedures for determining whether ornot the materials contain listed hazardous wastes.
ruSA request to the NRC for the amendment to process uranium-bearing material owned by
Cameco Corporation.
ruSA request to the NRC for license amendment to process uranium-bearing material fromUS Army Corps of Engineers Ashland I Site.
ruSA request to the NRC for license amendment to process uranium-bearing material fiom
US Army Corps ofEngineers St. Louis Site.
ruSA request to the NRC for license amendment to process uranium-bearing material from
US Army Corps ofEngineers Linde Site.
ruSA request to the NRC for license amendment to process uranium-bearing material owned
by W.R. Grace Corporation.
NRC and UDEQ comments and requests for information relative to the ruSA request for theW.R. Grace alternate feed amendment and dust control for rhe W.R. Graie Uranium
Material.
Protocol for Determining Whether Alternate Feed Materials Are Listed Hazardous Wastes,
developed by IUSA with the concurrence of utah DEe, November lggg.
S : W RR\IIcritrgc\H critrgeltr. doc
Mr. PhillipTing
July 5, 2000
Page 5 of5
NRC Initial Decision, February 9, 1999, in the Matter of IUSA Receipt of Material from
Tonawanda, New York.
o NRC Memorandum and Order, February 14, 2000, in the Matter of IUSA Receipt of Materialfiom Tonawanda" New York, Affrrming the Presiding Oflicer's Initial Decisiin to Uphold
the Ashland 2 License Amendment.
We believe that use of these guidance materi.lr, ,upported by our discussions with the NRC
concerning these amendment requests, has allowed us to prepare a complete, concise submittal.
Therefore, ruSA requests that the NRC please review the enclosed information, and then atrempt
to reply to this request within 30 days of submitral. I can be reached at (303) 3g9.4131.
Sincerely,
2.L^Ur*fu
Michelle R. Rehmann
Environmental Manager
MRR
Attachments
cc: Ron E. Berg
William N. Deal
David C. Frydenlund
Ron F. Hochstein
John F. Lord
fuithony J. Thompson
Bill von Till/NRC
William J. SinclairAJDEQ
Don Verbica/tJDEQ
S :\I{RR\Hcritrgc\Hcritrgcltr. doc
APPE}IDX E
Cabot
INTERNATIONAL
URANTLTM (USA)
CORPORATION
RECORD OF DISCUSSION
Date: November 8, 2000
Conversation Between: William N. Deal of IUCAnd Ron F. Hochstein of ruC
Topic of Discussion: Uranium feed grades of processed materials
Distribution:
Based on mill production records the uranium grades of the Ashland 2, Cabot
and Cameco calcine material are as follows:
Material
Ashland 2
Cabot
Calcine
' u,ot th!.0.012% 0.01%0.4M% 0.343%7.58% 6.53%
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ln digcussiong sirh ou6idcrs about thc compositi0n of orrr rcgiducs, we tre ofrco rsked for
complerc ondrscs. Aldroug:h we havr roaDy 8rulyses of Tl s.Dd Cb, we do nofi haYe tr8lly trt8l
.*fi*r. Ho}cver, ia fgfu wc srbmitred ren Slgallon &tms of narrial froE biil 2,1,1,8
io rirr"1,r.g for 6oo o evsluarc fc firnacc cosccriradon in crerElg!,. Ia thorough oernan
fashiou. they medc oral aaalyses of thc Uaeriel rnd gaw gs the resulf.
t compilcd thc resuts of their analyses which werB exprressed as tbc eteorenB' ud calcrulatcd thc
ir_.fr.rato.. .ra tbc suadrd aiviacioq theo convened tba values to 0orEd f,uorldcc- Lo
ana ueuou. I cs8s our wio 100% aecorruabiliryl Th! d8a ard r$ult! src show! in Tebh 1,
Thc ouly diecrcarnry is rbat tbe cal$tated fluoridc ir 51f , wbereu 6cir avorage ftrcrids is
ig*. 'ftir citr bi cxplained Dy assnrring der sooe of -ry compouds erc PEPfl T
oryfluorides rarher fun huortCes. This is moot llkely rrn of C'b,II .il,Zt asl pmsibly N.
Notc tbat &oy rcport .Ir avsragc of 5.5?% Tauor, wheras wc used 2.48* h tbc AFE- Yyi;ilG.*jftt a"ongeo !.nh, which I rhink b closcr o or real raluc. AIso, rcto &al th!
".nir. wu rslfed-J o.lg% rDd rbr thortum gt0.43%. We normally quolB tbc rrranhur t
0.3% rxd $c &oriuril al 0.4f .
wc brve rnothcr poeorial stxrrce of good emlyical data u tbe Burcau of Mines from thirtees
srnrpl*r ton al'br1,, brr rhey wooi seud ugrle resurs un]r wc ligtr fu CREADA, undl
lho,, I recoamcrd *" *e fu-lasr colunrn h Tablc I ss thc "official analyscst of &e r€sidEs.
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Toa Odle
Tony Hickl
Eob Barroa
Tony Campialll
Nict Feolr
hly 5, 1994
Averagc Composition of Tantelum R'esldues
Roben A. ILtd, Consltant
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White Mesa Mill Production
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Natural Ore Average Thorium Calculation
I) AssumptioBr.
,ro".rsed : 3,g46,667 tons
: H;ffitil 3I: ff*,ij :;:r;,n,.. Uranium 238 specific activity = 0.333 x l0{ Ci/g
tr) Calculation of uranium processed
3.85 x 106 x 0.31tr/o= I 1,925 tons
11,925 tons x 2,000 lbs/ton x 453.6 gllb: l.0g x l0r0 grams Unul
m) Conversion of mass to activity
Unat = 99.27% U233 and O.l2yolJy5
1.08 x l0r0 x 99.27%= l.O7 x l0ro g Uzrs
1.07 x l0'o g x 0.333 x 105 Crlg= 3,576 Ci
Assuming secular equilibrium implies that activities are equal, that is thorium 230
activity in the natural ore:3,576 Ci.
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APPENDTX G
Ashland 2
I
INTERNATIONAL
URANruM ruSA)
CORPORATION
RECORD OF DISCUSSION
Date: November 8, 2000
Conversation Between: V/illiam N. Deal of ruC
And Ron F. Hochstein of IUC
Topic of Discussion: Uranium feed grades of processed materials
Distribution:
Based on mill production records the uranium grades of the Ashland 2, Cabot
and Cameco calcine material are as follows:
tvtaferial ' U.Or %y
Ashland 2 0.012% 0.01%
Cabot 0.404% 0.343%
Calcine 7.58% 6.53Vo
ffi ENER|-AB9RATORIES, lNc.
SHIPPING: 2393 SALT CREEK HlGHVrii ' CASPER, WY 82601
MAILING: P.O. BOX 3258 . CASPER, WY 82602
E-mail [e-mail] . FAX: [phone] . PHONE: [phone] . TOLL FREE: [phone]
LABORATORY ANALYSIS REPORT . INTERNATIONAL T.,RANII,'M CORP PAgC I Of 3
Sample ID:
Laboratory ID:
Sample Matrir:
Date Received:' Reoort Date:
:,,,,' , i' ,,,,
Ashland F*d G
98-54668
Soil
09-11-9E @ Vtz00
wt+gt
October 8, 1998
Radiometric Method
Detection
Limit Units Results
Uranium NrrU 200.8 I O.Ot DCitg r50
Radium -226 ,ha 903.0 0.0r oCi/e 40.7
Radium Precision *0.7
fhorium-230
'"th 907.0 0.01 pCrlg 6950
Iborium Precision i 178
I*ad -210 ,r?b NERHL{s4 0.05 pCrlg 56.5
lcad Precision t o.7
dmc r:\reports\clienrsgS\intl-uran-corp\soil\rc54668. xls
COTIPLETE ANALYTICAL SERVICES
APPEI{DXH
Cameco KF
I a Nz it.s)'A
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APPENDD( I
Allied Signal - Calcium Fluoride
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CaF2 Summary Sheets
1999 Campaign
Month
June
July
August
September
Oclober
Tota!
old
new
Total / Avg
old
No. Drums Weight Lbs. U3OB
550 323,790 9,9030-550 323,790 9,903
860 510,111 22,056new 700 406,264 15,478
Total/ evg
old 1150 6E1,933 24,9E9new 500 290,1E9 9,745
Total / Avg 1650 972j22 34,7Y
old 640 374,567 17,627new 860 499,430 19,273
Total / Avg 1500 E73,997 36,900
old0-new 845 490,288 19,830
Total / Avg 845 490,28E 19,E30
old 3200 1,890;392 74,575new 2905 1,6E6,170 64,325
Totat / evg
Average Grade (% U3O8)
Average Grade (o,6U)
3.8806
3.29o/o
Thorium Content Calculaiion Page 1 of 1 11t09t2000
INTERNATIONAL
LJRANnJM (USA)
CORPORATION
Date:
Conversation Between:
And
Topic of Discussion:
Distribution:
RECORD OF DISCUSSION
November 8, 2000
Marshall Sheppard
Ron Hochstein
of
of
Honeywell
ruC
Thorium Content of Allied Signal Material
David Frydenlund
The thorium content of the KOH solution recovery material is very low, for all
intents and purposes, zero.
For the calcium fluoride material the thorium content will be based on the
thorium content of the plant feed because all of the thorium will report to this
stream. Based on 12 years of operating data, the average thorium content of the
plant feed is 14,48Pcilg; therefore, the average thorium concentration for the
calcium fluoride material is estimated at 14,448 pci/g.
,-'.,(-._,---\r
APPENDD( J
Cameco - UFr and Regen
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I
INTERNATIONAL
rrRANn M (USA)
CORPORATION
Date:
RECORD OF DISCUSSION
November 8, 2000
Conversation Between: Tom Smith of CamecoAnd Ron F. Hochstein of ruC
Topic of Discussion: Thorium Content of Cameco Materials
Distribution:
The thorium content of the regen will be negligible. For the UF4 material the
estimated value is less than 0.1 pCi/g.
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APPENDD( K
Cameco - Cdcine
oo
Thorium Data - Calcined Product
t ts1 /3)
990303 990310 99fi28 990502 990t19 9'n822 $1023 99tO26 000203 m0507 000528
I,'.NI 3.4 2.7 3.6 3.6 4.6 4.0 3.1 2.8 2.2 4.1 2.9
Tb234 166.392 t23792 t9r7l5 r5 l35t 62545 78301 184719 1970t4 108239 l0l48l t5794r'
Tb230 784 675 ffi 56 4t8 ss 652 661 386 348 819
T8232 l8 ,O 9.2
Th-228 2-6 2.5 s.7
INTERNATIONAL
T.TRANILJM (USA)
CORPORATION
RECORD OF DISCUSSION
Date: November 8, 2000
Conversation Between: William N. Deal of IUC
And Ron F. Hochstein of IUC
Topic of Discussion: Uranium feed grades of processed materials
Distribution:
Based on mill production records the uranium grades of the Ashland 2, Cabot
and Cameco calcine material are as follows:
Material t UrOr W-
Ashland 2 0.012% 0.01%
Cabot 0.4M7o 0.343Vo
Calcine 7.58% 6.53%
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APPEI{DD( L
Allied Signal - KOH
INTERNATIONAL
URANILIM (USA)
CORPORATION
Date:
Conversation Between:
And
Topic of Discussion:
Distribution:
RECORD OF DISCUSSION
November 8, 2000
Marshall Sheppard
Ron Hochstein
of Honeywell
of IUC
Thorium Content of Allied Signal Material
David Frydenlund
The thorium content of the KOH solution recovery material is very low, for all
intents and purposes, zero.
For the calcium fluoride material the thorium content will be based on the
thorium content of the plant feed because all of the thorium will report to this
stream. Based on 12 years of operating data, the average thorium content of the
plant feed is 14,448Pcilg; therefore, the average thorium concentration for the
calcium fluoride material is estimated at 14,448 Pci/g.
I
KOH Material Uranium Analysis
ControlNo.
KOH-1
KOH-2.
KOH.3
KOH-4
KOH.5
KOH€
KOH.7
KOH.8
KOH-g.
KOH-10.
KOH-I1
KOH-12
KOH-13
KOH-14
KOH-1s
KOH-16
KOH-I7
KOH.1E
KOH-19
KOH-20
KOH-21
KOH-22
KOH-23
KOH-24
KOH-25
KOH-26
KOH-27
KOH-2E
KOH-29
KOH-30
KOH-31
KOH-32
KOH-33
KOH-34
KOH-35
KOH-36
KOH-37
KOH-36
KOH-39
KOH-40
KOH-41
KOH-42
KOH-43
KOH-44
KOH-45
KOH-46
KOH-47 -
KOH-48 -
KOH-49 *
KOH-50 *
Sample No.
1D
1S
2S
20
3S
4S
5S
3D
4D
6S
5D
6D
7S
8S
9S
7D
10s
11S
8D
9D
125
13S
10D
14S
155
11D
165
17S
1RS
12D
2RS
3RS
13D
4RS
5RS
6RS
14D
7RS
ERS
9RS
lORS
15D
16D
11RS
12RS
17D
18D
13RS
14RS
1sRS
Net Weight
(lbs.)
43,540
30,440
27,920
40,960
29,460
30,1E0
26,390
43,020
43,160
23,E40
43,020
36,320
30,400
30,990
29,100
42,660
27,620
27,O80
44,E60
39,420
29,560
27,590
45,140
27,860
28,440
45,400
29,920
27,490
26,790
44,020
29,560
26,360
42,780
29,060
29,340
30,320
38,440
27,500
27,900
27,720
29,420
34,0E0
37,420
27,OO0
31,920
3E,000
41,290
2E,440
28,440
2E.440
U3Os AnalysisgA Wt%
30.30%
326
13.830/6
22.350h
198
389
362
42.40%
32.60%
326
36.E0%
37.700A
401
294
432
30.70o/o
427
605
40.100h
39.40016
541
332
18.30o/o
400
395
15.10o/o
358
371
247
31.70o/o
119
42
37.400h
115
202
370
36.5006
4E0
496
359
403
43-7Oo/o
35.00o/o
219
135
21.00o,h
38-20o/o
U3O6 Analysis
wt%
30.3016
32.6%
13.Eo6
22.4%
19.g06
3E.9%
36.2%
42.4o/o
32-60,A
32.6%
36.906
37.70h
40.10h
29.4o/o
43.2%
30.70h
42.70h
60.5%
40.1%
39.4%
54.1%
33.2o/o
18.30h
40.Oo/o
39.50/6
15.1o/o
35.906
37.10h
24.7o/o
31.7o/o
11.goh
4.20h
37.4o/o
11.5o/o
20.2o/o
37.00h
36.5%
4E.Oo/o
49.60/6
35.906
40.30h
43.70h
35.0%
21.9o/o
13.5%
21.0o/o
38.2o/o
'l5.goh'
15.3o/o
9.806
Calculated
Uranium (Wt %)
25.7o/o
27.60/0
11.70h
19.0%
16.806
33.006
30.70h
36.006
27.6%
27.6%
31.20h
32.00h
34.0o/o
24.90h
36.6%
26.0o/o
36.2%
51.3%
u.0%
33.4%
45.9%
29.20h
15.50/6
33.9olo
33.50/6
12.Eoh
30.4%
31.5%
20.90h
26.goh
10.1o/o
3.606
31.70h
9.E%
17.1%
31J%
31.0%
40.7%
42.1%
30.4%
U.2o/o
37.1%
29.7%
19.606
11.40h
17.goh
32.40h
13.5%
13.0%
9.306
159
153
98
KOH Material Uranium Analysis
Control No.
KOH-51 -
KOH-52 -
KOH-53 *
KOH-54 -
KOH-55 -
KOH-56 -
KOH-57 *
KOH-58 -
KOH-59 -
KOH€O -
KOH-61 *
KOH-62 -
KOH€3 -
KOH-64 *
KOH-65 -
KOH66 -
KOH-67 *
KOH68 *
KOH€g *
KOH-70 -
KOH-71 *
KOH-72 -
KOH-73 "
KOH-74 -
KOH-75 -
KOH-76 -
KOH-77 -
KOH-78 "
KOH-79 -
KOH-80 -
KOH-81 -
KOH.E2 -
KOH-E3 "
KOH-E4 -
KOH-Es -
KOH-86 *
KOH-87 -
KOH-EE *
KOH.Eg -
KOH-90 *
KOH-91 -
KOH-92 *
TOTAL
WEIGHTED AVG
Sample No.
16RS
19D
17RS
18RS
20D
1gRS
2ORS
21D
21RS
22RS
23RS
220
23D
24RS
25RS
26RS
27RS
28RS
29RS
24D
2sD
3ORS
31RS
32RS
26D
27D
33RS
34RS
35RS
28D
36RS
37RS
29D
30D
38RS
39RS
31D
32D
4ORS
41RS
33D
34D
Net Weight
0bs.)
28,140
41,290
28,440
2E,U0
41,290
28,440
2E,440
11,290
28,440
28,440
24,440
41,290
41,290
2E,440
28,440
28,440
28,440
28,440
28,440
41,290
41,290
2E,440
28,440
28,440
41,290
41,290
2E,440
28,440
28,440
41,290
28,440
2E,440
41,290
41,290
2E,440
2E,440
41,290
41,290
28,440
28,440
41,290
41,290
3,052,650
U3O6 Analysisg/l Wt 0/6
265
39.3006
177
294
33.3006
211
142
20.600/6
179
370
197
37.80%
45.60%
229
156
216
386
493
419
51.50%
46.60%
U3O6 Analysis
wt%
26.5%
3E.3%
17.7o,h
29.4o,h
33.306
21.10h
14.2%
20.60h
17.9o/o
37.Ooh
19.70h
37.Eoh
45.60/0
22.9%
15.60/0
21.60/0
38.60[
49.3%
41.9o/o
51.5o/5
46.60/0
35.70h
17.9%
19.0%
38.60/6
3E.00/6
16.00lo
23.60/0
15.1o.h
36.9%
12.2o/o
1E.7o/o
40.9o/o. 35.2o/o
47.2o/o
29.80h
32.9o/o
42.9%
14.30h
16.7%
51.2o/o
41.2o/o
Calculated
Uranium (YVt %)
22.50h
32.5o,A
15.006
24.90h
28.2o,h
17.goh
12.0o/o
17.5o/o
15.2o/o
31.4%
16.70h
32.10h
38.7o/o
19.4%
13.20h
18.3%
32.7%
11.Eoh
35.506
43.7%
39.5%
30.306
15.20h
16.1016
32.70h
32.2%
13.606
2A.00h
12.Eoh
31.3o/o
10.3%
15.9%
u.7o,h
29.E%
40.ooh
25.3%
27.90h
35.9%
12.10h
14.20h
43.40h
34.9o/o
357
179
190
160
236
151
3E.6006
38.00%
36.90%
122
187
40.9006
35.2Oo/o
472
298
32.91o/o
42.29o/o
143
167
51.20o/o
41.200h
t Uranium assay based on average.- Weights not available, average weight used.
31.606 26.8%
APPE}IDD( M
Rhone-Poulenc
,AgT UI
. Llo. e02
I € r ccopl€r 7ul I
:,2AI '9t 03:t{'J'i"$'ioir''ii,'UAM I o 0u,, 3ul uYili-.:jl0-
Facsimile Covor Sheet
To; Scott Schlrman
EnergY Fuclr Nudert, lno.
(afi)'c7o.22iL
' From: D. K, Llttle
Compcny! Rh0nc'Poulenc Berlc Chemloalr
Pironi: (400)'203'7E7.l ext Es35
Fu: (409)'2334E82
.: Datr: Dasember 21, 199{
Pager lncludlng thlr cover Peg!: t
Commentl: UnnYl Nltmtc
wa have two tots ol Uranyl Nlltalc. Tha anatysls lg [gtcd ln thc table bolow. Ar you
can rer, *, ,.i.-i.i. url'ii(;i-rrrortum cdntent of hc oro ro thst thc Unnlum
N[ieu har r vcty low lcvcl d Thorlum'
Go: G. Jonrl R. Harrhehn, J' Rlchudron
Fg{1220.Doc :
.xerox Tetecopier t0Z1 ;tU-S5 ; B:ZgA;tr ;303 595 0930;$10
EilEROT,
runetnaE0
En .GY LABOBATORTES, tNC.
! f; i3I r"r' ?i ri. S,^S,i,i?',1I' i' B i r ; . L'fi t j?oo?, l' ? fr'l 3 o,, . r. ., . ",
Malqt lons ,Results
Non-MetalS
Acid Normality 2.49
Hadlometric
Report Approved by: aO. 4PIll ll907efc.wk3
COMPLETE ENVIRONM€NTAL ANAt YTIE^I GE6T'IFF'
-cl
^ ia-l--
rttrf
UNITED STATES
NUCLEAR REG UI.ATORY COMMISSION
tvAsHtNGTON. O.C. 2ossssr
September 28, .l995
-:
1Hr. Donald Sparling
Hanager of Urani um Process.ing
Energy Fuels Nuclear, Inc.
PoB 787
B'l and i ng, Utah 8451 I
SUBJECT: REVIEI,I 0F REQUESTS T0 AHEND S0URCE HATERIAL LICE.NSE SUA-1358 FOR THEWHITE MESA I'IILL, BLANDING, UTAH, LICENSE MiUiil*i'U
Dear I'lr. Sparl i ng :
The U.S- Nuclear-Regulatory Commission staff has completed its review of!l:tgt-Fuels Nycl.q31r II..'s (gIN's) requests to amehd ior"ii'raterial LicenseSUA-1358 for the |lhite Hesa mill:uPTitted.by letters OiieO January 12,June 8, and July 27,.1995. This letter and its enclosui.i-aoiument theresu'l ts of the staf f 's revi ew of EFll, s submi ttal s
In jts'letter dated January 12, 1995, EFN requested an amendment to IicensesUA-1358 to receile.-an! glglgss uranium from urany'l nitrate solution fiom--tBhone-PguJenc c;h.r,Sg]-3 (RPC). The urany't niirate solution is considered acommercial produet anA source material for which EFN will pay RpC. Thesolution wil'l be pumped from 55.gal'lon drums and fed Airec[iy into the ]thiteMesa Hill yellowcake-precipitation circuit. The pro...ting-6f tf,e u;;rti'--nitrate solution will not increase the-mi11's production ti.ic..d the -License
Condition No. l2 'limit of 4,380^tons_of U.0, pdr calendar ylar. ffreielore,-'-'Source I'laterial License SUA-1358 will be imlnded to add ticense ConditionNo. 58 to receive and process source material from RPC. -ttre ltaff,s teihnicalevaluation of the amendment request is Enclosure I and a.opy-of the amended'license is Enclosure 2 to this letter.
In a letter dated iunq.9, 1995, EFt{ requested that license SUA-l3Sg be amendedto remove License Condition l{o.. 24 8. (LC-248) which requi.ei quiit..ii - -"---
monitoring of environmental radon uli,ig theriroluminescent Oosimeter tifO)gtit!. -The use of TLDs is not consideied reliable for aeteiiion of ite-iewl0 cFR Part 20 standard,.0.l pci./1.;_therefore, their use is no-ionge;"- '--'
applicable. -A gopy of_the amended ljcense with LC-24B removeO is Enctosure Zand-a copy-of the staff's technical evaluation of the amendrent.equest is- -
Enclosure 3 to this 'letter.
qFN'by a lette1 of-July 27, 1995, also requested a license amendment todiscontin.ue high-volume air particulate radionuclide samplint at ronitoiingstation BHV-3. EFN concludes that_the twelve years of dita iotieCieO-ii If,eBHy-3 monitoring station form a sufficient basis for estabtiitring:Uiifgiound
It
2D. Sparl ing
concentrations at the llhite Hesa Hill site. The NRC staff considers that EFN'sapproach'is appropriate; therefore, License Condition 24 has been amended todiscontinue airborne rad'ionuclide sampling at BHV-3. The staff's technicalevaluation of the amendment request is Enc'losure 4 to this letter and a copy ofthe amended 'license is Enclosure 2.
All other conditions of Source Haterial License SUA-1358 shall remain the same.
The license is being reissued_to incorporate the above modif.ications (Enclosure
2).
Ifyou have any questions regardirg this Ietteror the enclosures, please contactHs. Charlotte Abrams of my staff at [phone].
Si ncerely,
Joseph J. Holonich, Chief
High-Level llaste and Uranium
Recovery Projects Branch
Di vi si on of tlaste l,lanagement
Office of Nuclear Haterial Safety
and Safeguards
Docket No. 40-8681
suA- 1358
Cases Cl osed: 151223
L5 I 297
Lsl 275
Encl osures: As stated
cc: U. Sinc'lair, UT
TECHNICAL EVALUATION REPORT
FOR REQUESI TO RECEIVE AND PROCESS }lATERIAL FROI{ RHONE.POULENC CHEHiCALS
DOCKET NO. 40-8681, . .. LICENSE NO.. SUA-1358
LICENSEE: Energy fueis Nucl...,lIn.. (EFN)
:
FACILITY: llhite Hesa mi'll, located near Blanding, Utah
PROJECT MANAGER: Charlotte Abrams
The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission staff has reviewed EFN's request torece'ive and process uran'ium from uranyl nitrate solutions from Rhone-Pou'lencChem'icals (RqC). Based on its review, of information provided by the Licenseeby letters of January 12, I'larch 23, and July 2I, 1995, the staff- concludesthat the requested amendment 'is acceptab'le. The bases for the staff'sconclusion are in the "Technical Evaluation' section below.
DESCRIpTI0N 0F LICENSEE',S AMENDT'|ENT REQUEST:
By a'letter of January 12, 1995, EFN requested that the license for the tJhite
Hesa Hill be amended to receive and process uranium from uranyl nitrate fronRPC. The RPC uranyl.nitrate contains apprgximately 5{% uranium in a liquid
fg.ry,- The uranyl nitrate is pack.ag-ed.ih 6O drums vith a total net weigtr't ot43,469 pounds. Total calculated UrO, is 13,520 pounds or approximately- 4.5
pounds of uranium per gallon of solution. The thorium content is Iesj than0.1% and the nitrate content is 14.3U.
To safely introduce the material into the mi'll circu'it the Licensee plans topump the uranyl nitrate solutions from the drums directly into a yeliowcakeprecipitation-tank using a chemical pump attached to the top of elch drum.
Any solution left in a drum after pumping is complete w'ill be poured into theyel'lowcake th!ckener sump. for reprocessing. All drums will be'pumped into theyel'lowcake thickener catchment basin to avoid any spillage of sblutions. Inthe event of a spill, the solutions would be contained and washed jnto theyel'lowcake thickener sump immediately.
The material is in solution; therefore, there will be no airborne hazardduring transfer pf tt,e uranyl nitrate from the drums. As a precaution against
exposure from splashing or ingestion of the material, workers will wearprotective clothing and face shields when emptying solutions from the drumsinto the yellowcake preciP!tation sump. In the event of worker exposure from
splashed uranyl nitrate solutions, the Licensee has a safety showei and eye
wash station located in the area where the work is being conducted.
TECHNICAL EVALUATION:
The RPC material is considered an'alternate feed.' Therefore, in addition to
reviewing the licensee's request to determine its compliance with I0 CFR Part40, Appendix A, the staff also considered issues outlined in the'Final
Enclosure I
Position and Guidance on the Use of Uranium ttill Feed Hateria'l Other Than
Natural 0resn (hereafter, a'lternate feed guidance) that addresses 'licensee
requests to process a.lternate feed material.
For the taillngs and wastes from the proposed procesiing to qualify as lte,(2)byproduct material, the proposed alternate feed materials must quaiify as"ore.n In the alternate feed guidance ore is defined as'a natural oi nativematter that may be mined and treated for the extraction of any of itsconstituents or any other matter from which source material ii extracted in alicensed uranium or thorium mill.' Therefore, the uranyl nitrate so'lutionsproposed for processing by the Licensee qui'!ify as'ore,'because they meetthe definjtion of nany other matter from which source material is extiacted ina licensed uranium or thorium mill.'
The Licensee has certified and affirmed that the solutions do not meet thec'lassification as waste as defined under the provisions of the Resource
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA). The RPC material was not discarded orabandoned, !r! is a commercial product for which the Licensee is paying thesupplier (RPC) in order to process and recover uranium.
The Licensee has provided affirmation that the RPC material is being processedprimarily for the-recovery of uranium and for no other primary purp6sl. The
uranium content of the material is 4.5 pounds per galloir of s-otltibn. Theprocessing of the solutions will invo'lve introduction into the end of the millcircuit. Therefore, Processing costs to recover the uranium for the uranylnitrate so]utions are minimal, and processing of this material uill beprofitable to the Licensee.
The staff has also conc'luded that the processing of this material will notresult in any significant change to license or the conclusions made in theanalysit.gf environment-al imp_acts to the tlhite I'lesa site. No physical changesjn the mill circuit will result.. Proces:jlg.the RPC material iriil not.equirethe licensee to enlarge its tailings facilities, and mill production wi'll'not
exceed the L'icensee's previously approved License Conditioh lZ which limitsproduction to 4,380 tons of Ur0, per year.
RECOHMENDED LICENSE CHAIIGE:
Pursuant to Tit'le l0 of the Code of Federal Regu'lations, Part 40, SourceMaterial License SUA-1358 is amended by the addition of License ConditionNo. 58 as fo'll ows :
58. The Licensee ls authorized to receive and process source material fron
Phone-Poulenc chemicals, Freeport, Texas, in accordance yith the
amendment request.dated January 12, 1995, and supplemented byinformation provided by letters of Harch 23, 1995; and July 21, 199s.All Rhone-Poulence material shall be processed or removed -from'the siteprior to finishing the mill run that began in August 1995.
ENVIRONHENTAL II.IPACT EVALUATIOI{:
An environmental-review-wl! n9t performed since this action is categorically
exc'l uded under l0 CFR 5l .22(c) ( I I ) .
APPEhIDD( N
Cotter
Date ControlShiooed No.
No. Type
)rums Shiome
'Drums
D.O.E.
Net Weioht
Drums
Wet
Sample
Grade
o/oU3O8
(D.O.E. wr)
Drums
Estimated
Contained
Lbs. U3O805/30/97 Cotter4l 45 Drums 42.840 18 90 I OO7
Mav 1997 Subtotal 45 42.U0 18.9(8.097
06103/97 Cotter{2 45 Drums 25.741 006/03/97 Cotter-O3 45 Drums 25.907 0OBl11l97 Cotter04 45 Drums 24.321 0
ffi11?J97 Cotter45 45 Drums 26.776 0m/l6/97 Cotter46 45 Drums 26.776 0
06118197 Cotter{7 45 Drums 24.638 0ffil20l97 Cotter{8 45 Drums 25.785 0061249l Cotter{9 45 Drums 26.025 0OBl25l97 Cotler-10 45 Drums 24.886 0
0f,,125197 Cotter-11 45 Drums 26.677 006,l25ET Cotter-l2 45 Drums 25.619 0OB|2TEl Cotter-13 45 Drums 26.7s0 0nG/30/97 Cotler-l4 45 Drums 25 975 o
June 1997 Subtotal 585 335.879 0
o7n7El Cotter-l5 45 Drums 26.155 0OZlDgl9T Cotler-16 45 Drums 25.589 0
07111197 Cotter-l7 45 Drums 24.324 0Oll'14197 Cotter-l8 45 Drums 26.928 0Ol116197 Cotter-l9 45 Drums 25.778 0
07119197 Cotter-20 45 Drums 24.783 007l/z'l97 Cotter-21 45 Drums 26.233 0
07125197 Cotter-22 45 Drums 25.326 0OTnBEl Cotter-23 45 Drums 25.326 0
07128197 Cotter-24 45 Drums 25.488 007l3iJt97 Cotter-25 d5 Dnrms 24 6E3 o
JLfi, 1997 Subtotal 495 280.623 0
07107197 Cotter-26 45 Drums 26.649 007l099l Cotter-27 40 Drums 23.049 00711'lE7 Cotter-28 38 Drums 16.029 o
Auousl 1997 Subtotal 123 65,727
997 TotalYear to Date .248 _ 725.069 18.90 I
'Net weight is from D.O.E. drum list and therefore does not include weig6s of drums.
im: (gri iauqa i x !'li6dl. funmtt
Energy Fuels Nuclear, lnc.
ATTN.: Michelle Rehmann,
Environmental Manager
1515 Arapahoe Street, Suile 900
Denver, CO 80202
Clg.5,717 iin;7{t:19
Xeiitr l. Schiager, PhD
690 East4149 South
Salt Lake CitY, UT 84107-2934
7 May 1997
Oc,b'ONtD J{a" )
/-/4rv1€eH
fih.it t-V,{r t's d^; tX t4f E{ o'1-2- '
UJa><,{ c-A-a.r1 O. *
P. ?.3 - o.i1,4a / ,.vt tl
1, pro/t<d .ur? 14 ?-uv,- kb7 d t-oy'A)q f'"a drZ/)r.54*taStsts C. t/.
RE:Review of Potential Health and Environmental lmpacts Resulting from
the Use of Cotter Concentrate as Feed Material for the White Mesa Mill
Dear Ms. Rehmann:
ln response to your request, I hane reviaryed the potential health and environmental
impacts thai might be imposed by the use of the Cotter Concentrate as a feed material for the
White Mesa Mill in Blanding, Utah. My opinions are based upon my review of the documents
listed below and upon information obtained by personalcommunication with you and with Mr.
Ronald Berg, the on-site radiation safety officer at the mill.
Documents Reviewed
1) Request to Amend Source Material License SUA-1358, White Mesa Mill, Dockd
No. 40€681, revision of March 5, 1997, submitted by Energy Fuels Nuclear, lnc. to the
U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, but not including Attachments 2, 3, 3a and 4.
Z) Amendment 1 to Source Material License SUA-1358, Energy Fuels Nuclear, lnc.'s
White Mesa Mill, Blanding Utah, issued on April 2, 1W7, by the U. S. Nuclear
Regulatory Commission, including the Technical Evaluation Report prepared by the
NRC staff.
3) Table of data entilled "POPUIATION A RESULTS FOR GAMMA RFf
SPECTROMETRY (RADIONUCLIDES)," undated.
Radiolooicat Characteristics of the Cotter Concentrate
Because of my professional experience, you asked specifically that I review any
potential radiological concerns related to the use of the Cotter Concentrate. The available data
demonstrate conctusively that this materiat has no polentialto increase any radiation risk to the
general public or to the environment. According to Attachment I to the license amendmeil
application, Table l, Characteristbs of the Coter Concentrate, ths 420 tons of Cotter
./ih cA<-4.
n12*
'?m. 16gl Saatsa lB atitE'C i6llil-r
CoEer ConcentEte as
Whte Mesa Mill Fecd
May 7. 1997
Page 2
Concentrate contain a total of 27O curies of Th-230 and 3.6 curies of Pa-231. Samples frorn
ZO drums were previously analyzed by gamma-ray spectrometry to determine th
concentrations of several other radionuclides. ln these drums, the Th-230 concentration
ranged from 333 to g31 nanocuries per gram (nCi/g) with a mean value of 585 nCiig. TIE
nrrib"r. of the drums from which these samples were obtained indicated that they were
setected to represent all of the Cotter Concentrate. The total Th-230 activity in 420 tons,
based on the mean value from these samples, is 24O curies - a rather good agreement fcr
two independent analytical results.
ln the same 20 sampled drums, the mean Ra-226 concentration was only 3.59 nCi/g
with a range of 0.g9 to 9.39 nCi/g. These data indicate that the radium has been removed
during previous processing and is not in equilibrium with its thorium parent. Based on these
".mples,
the entire 420 tons contain approximatety 1.5 curies of radium'226.
Physical Characteristics of the Cotter Concentrate
The Cotter Concentrate is cunentty contained in approximately 1,225 S5-gallon drums,
and weighs approxim alely 42o tons. According to the amendment application, the estimated
.rerage rranium content is 10 percent. Physically, the material consists of a moist solid (tp
to 50-percent moisture). Descriptions of the material, including analytical data included with
the amendment request, were reviewed for this report'
The extraction of uranium for the weapons program is nd unique to the Belgian Congo
ore, from which the Cotter Concentrate vyas derived. Essentialty alt of the uranium mills in the
cotorado plateau and, in fac,t, in the entire county, processed uranium for the weapons
prog'm. Thus, there is nothing particularty unique or hazardous about the Cotter Concentrate
wtrJn cornpared with other uranium feed materials. However, because the physical form of this
material is different from a raw ore in that it has been previously milled and submitted b
extraction processes, extra precautiors are planned, and have been approved, for
transporting, handling, processing and disposing of the byproduct materials resulting from
ertractingtieuraniumfiomtheCotterConcentrate.lnthesectionon@
the extrJprecautions to be applied in each of these areas are described, and the adequacy of
these measures are reviewed in terms of protection of workers and the public from radiaticn
exposure.
Characteristics of White Mesa MillTailings
Mr. Berg informed me that the White Mesa Mill processes some high{rade ore frsn
the Arizona strip containing as much as 3-5 percent uranium, with occasional specimens 6
nign .r 20 percent, but thal the average concentration in the mill feed over the life of the mil
nJs been 0.36.l% U3O!, or 0.338% uranium. lassumed that the uranium isotopes wee
present in the ore in tireir natural abundances, i,e. 99.27% U-238.and 0.72% U-235, and that
i'mr: {ati iC1rgr :c lliodle icnnan
cciier concentrate as
Whrte i\lesa Mill Feed
0e i.? sI iin: ? !Hl
l,1av ? i 497
Page 3
their decay prducts (Th-230, Ra-226 and Pa-231) were in secular equilibrium in the ore.
Based on the foregoing data and assumptions, the existing 3.9 million tons of tailings contain
approximately 4,000 curies each of thorium-Z3o and radium-226, and 185 curies of
protactinium-z31 .
Radiation Safetv lssues
It is readily apparent that, both in terms of volume and in terms of radioactivity content
the Cotter Concentrate represents a small contribution to the existing tailings. The very loar
concentration of radium-226 indicates that the addition of this material to the existing tailings
pile will have absoh.ilely no effect on radon emissions from the pile.
The DOE will place each of the S5gallon steeldrums inside an S5gallon steeldrum to
ensure against leakage. Transportation will be in accordance with Department 6
Transportation regulations for low specific activity radioactive material. The drums and the
trucks will be surveyed for contamination before leaving the Nevada Test Site and upon arrival
at the White Mesa Mill. This procedure would detect any potential leakage during transpod
and prevent inadvertent contact with any contamination that might be present. Afler the drums
.have been unloaded at the mill, the truck will again be surveyed to ensure that it is clean when
it leaves the millsite.
As already notd, tnG,it-.ontent of the Cotter Concentrate minimizes the possibility
of airborne contamination aJ\he dlDms are opened and dumped into the mix transfer tank cr
the grizzty of the SAG mill. However, in keeping with the philosophy that all exposures should
be kept as low as reasonably achierrable (ALARA), employees will be provided with personal
protectirre apparel and full-face respirators. Employees will wear the usual coveralls and rubber
gloves; any spills or splashed material will be wetted and collected as the work progresses.
Air in the work area will be sampled for particulate materials and analyzed for total alpft
concentrations; if a concentration exceeding 25o/o ol the occupational exposure limit b
detected, the use of respirators will be mandated during the entire dumping operation.
At locations wtlere dust could be generated by the handirE or processing operations,
e.g. where material is dumped onto the ore transfer belt and within the ore transport tunnel,
water spra)6 are used for dust suppressbn. lf the concentrate is dumped into the mix transfer
tank instead of being introduced through the SAG mill grizzly, a water spray system on the mix
tank will be used. Air samples collected from these areas of potential exposure will be anallzed
to determine whether additional protective measures are needed. All of these precautions are
designed to ensure that radiation exposures of employees and of the general public are
AI-ARA.
Based upon my detailed review of the plans for recovery of uranium from the Cotter
Concentrate by the White Mesa Mill, I conclude that Energy Fuels Nuclear" lnc. is taking al
UIC .}/ Y' rDC ii:-s:rllur: (ctJr ldile{c ior l.iddh lrrnae
Coner Concentnrte as
vYhite i,tesa Mill Feed
!.'!av ; 1937
Page 3
of the appropriate radiation safety precautions to Protect their employees, the public and the
environment.
Sincerely,
Keith J. Schiager, Ph.D.
Certified Health Physicist
3rcr,: iefli Schrager io: Micnclle f anm'
KEITH J. SCHIAGER
Director Emeritus, Radiological Health Department, University of Utah
Professional C redentials:
B.S. (Physics), 1956, Colorado State University
M.P.H. (Radiological Health), 1962, University of Michigan
Ph.D. (Environmental Health), 1964, University of Michigan
Certified Health Physicist, 1964, American Board of Health Physics
Author of more than 70 journal publications and research reports.
Prolessional Experience:
Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, lL, 1957€1
Health Physicist.
Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, CO, 196/--74
Defl. of Radiology and Radiation Biology, As€*. Prof. 1964-68; Assoc. Prof. 196974; Radiation
Cohtrol Officer iS6+ZO; Director, Environmental Health Services 1967-70; Director, Radiatiqt
Health Specialists Training Program 196$73; Faculty Affiliate 1978€6.
Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 1973'75
Altemate Leader, Environmental Studies Group.
University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburghl PA, 197S78profesjor of Hea[h Phpics; Director, Radiation Protection Assistance Program; Vice
Chairman, Radiation Safety Committee.
A[-ARA lnc. (a Colorado corporation for radiation protection consulting)
President, full-time I 97 882; part'time 1 983-94.
University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 1982'
Directoi and Radiation Safety Officer, Radiological Health Department, 1982-94.
Director Emeritus, Radiological Health Department, 199+
Professional Affi liations:
American Academy of Health Physics
Health Physics Society
lntemational Radiation Protection Association
Socie$ of Sigma Xi
Biographical Citations:
American Men and Women of Science. Phrnsicaland Biolooical Sciences
Who's Who in Technologv Todav. Vol. 4. Civil and Earth Sciences.
Who's Who in the West
Addrcsses and Telephoncg:
690 East 4149 Sotfih, Salt Lake City, UT 84107 Phone: 801-281'3754
E-mail: [e-mail] FN( Callfiret 4t97
From: Krflh Schragcr To: Micnetl: Rrnm'
Professional Society and Advisory Committee Activities:K. J. Schiager, d/97, Fage 2
American Academy of Health Physics
Charter member 1985-; Emeritus 1996-;
Professionat Ethics Gommittee, member 1 987'90
President-Elect 1989; President 1990; Past President 1991
Council of Scientific Society Presidents, member 1991'94.
Health Phyaics SocietY-
Pienary member 1958- ; Fellow 198];1 Emeritus 1995'
Presidint-Elect 1991-2: President t992-93; Past President 1993'94
Midwest Chapter, charter member 1959-62
Locat Arrang6ments Comm ittee for Chicago, mem ber-l 961'52
Cintrat Roc-ky Mountain Chapter,,membei'196+7.3, 197^E€a president 1967-68 & 1980-81
[ocilRnang6ments Commiitee for Denver, m9pb9r 1967€E
SpeCiatWoiksfrop on Uranium Mining Health Physics, chairman 1968
Svmoosium Conimittee, member 1969'72
Eluiation and Training Commitlee, member 1972-76, chairman 1974-76
Rio Grande Chapter, member 1973'75
Western Pen nsylrra nia C hapter, mg4 ber 1 975'78
Board of Directdrs, member 197S79
Finance Committee, member 1976'79
Ad Hoc Commitlee on Sectionalization, chairman 1977'79
Ad Hoc Committee on lnternational Units, Standards Subcommittee 17, member 1977'78
Great Salt Lake Chapter, member 19E3', president 1984'65
Environm"ntal Radiition Section Steering Committee, member 19E3€5
LocalArranoements Committee for Salt Lake City, chairman 19E6€7
Aa ttoc Corimittee on LocalAnangements Procedures, c-hairman 198889
Siientmc and Public lssues Committee, memb€r 199]-S'chairman 199&94
A*rrOi Committee. rnember 199$97, chairman 199$94
I nternational Radiation Protection Association
IRPA Congress 7. Sydney, Australia. HPS delegatP 1q88 .
IRPA Conlress E. Mbntreal, Canada, vice'chair of H!! delegation 1992
IRPA Congress 9. Vienna, Austria, HPS delegate 1996
National Academy of Sciences, lnstitute of Medicine
Committee on the Crossroads Nuclear Test, member 199396
Dose Assignment Working Group, member 199+95
National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements
Scientiftc Committee 46, Operational Radiation Safgty, memb6r 19E2-97
Council member t989-95: Scieffic Commiile 1-3, Collective Dce, member 199G91
University of Califomia, Presidents Council Environmental Health & Sabty Panel. 199$'94
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Science Advisory Bqrd
Radiation Advisory Committee,ioniultant 1986, member 1987'90:
Subcommittee on Radon Mitigation, chairman 1967'EE;- - -Subcommittee on Radon Measurements, chairman 19E7'88:
Committee on lndoor Air Quality E Total Human Exposure, member 19E7'90.
U.S Uranium and Transuranium Registries, Advisory Committee, 199G: Chair 199$95
Ua!. l,:i!r ' rme: :v;3a.:O
Schiaoer. K.J.. T.M. Allen, S.B. Gerber, G.E. Kinsella, F.J. Krupka lnd D.W._Reilly, 1962, lmp_roved
fr4emEade Fiftbr Air Sampling Techniques for Environmental Control, Health Phrrsics 7:18$190.
Schiaser, K.J., 1964, Alpha-active Fallout Particles; Phys'lal Characteristics Related to Pulrnonary
Oepos-ition, doctoral dissdrtation (unpublished), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Ml.
ru$s,'#i:,"Jlf,r[iL:'fd"H'i#'"n?U,ll*.iS:?"',*:':::?,:Jii,l ifi,?:?i."T3dffir,l'i:
State University. Ft. Collins, Colorado'
Oara: g.r.€7 :irre: .C.!i.tj e:Ec l :" 1
Pubtications and Presentations - Page 1 K. J. Schiager, 4197
Schiaoer. K.J., June 1966,
News -9 (No. 6):21-23.
lnhalation Hazards of Radon Decay Products in Uranium Mines, Nuclear
:fillffi';[;*3,fu111H,',lfrB;'" 3"f,:i3It,Tl;j,i,??,li]1ff ffi"'#y"hme Units?' presented
Gotclry, R.L. and K.J. Schiaggl, 1.96l.Experimental Bioassay PrograT fg Uqllgn Miners, presented
at n"'innuii meeting of thJ Health Physics Society, Washingrton, DC, June 1967.
Schiager, K.J. 1967, Statemenl presented. before the Joint Cornmittee on Atomic Enerov. June 8. 1967.
i"'ii1',iitid^'iie'"ir* Ji ijiSrir--uin.-ri,_x"1"itsJ-!qfqt-" the JCAE, uiv-nudust, 1s67, U.S.
oovffi washingrton. D.c.' Part l, 381'388.
Schiager, K.J., 1957. Environq.elta![V.9rking Hazards in Uraniu.p Irfi-nes, presented at the Nationd
ffii## niOiotogicit Health, U.S. Public Xeatttr Service, Roclcville, Maryland, Oclober 20, 1967.
3#ff6#:';1B1t B Rijlh,l?f;,li'i1,1,fi33,3l'.l,lil3l"?1"'''$l'iT?111,j:iffi:Effigr:"#t
University, Ft. Collins, Colorado.
McCurdy, D.E. and K.J. Schiager, 1.968. 4qr9iol. Characterization d Radon-.Progqny- in _Yl!|e
Agr1[ph"r*, presented at the Ameiicin lndustrial Hygiene Conference, St. Louis. Missouri, May 1968.
Martz, D.E. and K.J. Schiager, 196E. Respiratory Protecvtion Against B.9ol flggeny: An Evaluation
of Oevices by in vivo GammS-ray counting,' presented at the American lndustrial Hygiene Conference,
St. Louis, Missouri, MaY 1968.
Schiaoer. K.J., 196E. Uranium Mining Heatth Physics and-the Mobile_ln-vivo Ana[zer. Presented at the
i"nJit meiting of the Health PhysiEs Society. Denver. Colorado, 1968.
Schiager, K.J. and S.T. Baid, 196E, Envjronmental Radiation Surveillance.Program Design !o1.tne_[gf5i. tHil 1iuctear Generating Staiion, for Public SeMce Company of Colorado on contract No. FSV'
0027, Colorado State Univeriity, Ft. Collins, Colorado.
Schiager, K.J., 196E, Comments on Radiatirrr Standards for_Uranium Mining- 41 CFR 50-204.321,
S[t.frJni piesented before the Bureau of Labor Standards, U.S. Department of Labor, November 21,
1968, Washington, DC.
3i,f;"?,,5",? 5i #.ilHiE: 3;5"YStyflr?["["',a,'"!ii?rl i''jliil'fffuA'ii)filiof Atmospheric
Hol6man, D.F., D.E. Martr and K.J. Schiager, August 1969, T€t ngspiralory_Deposition of Radon
Oiugnted from lnhalation of Uranium Mine Atmospheres, Health Phwics 17:187'192.
;rcrr: ^c.lh Schragcr To: Michcllc Renr Carr. S.. 3,. ?in:c: 10:..E.lg
Publications and Presentations - Page 2 K. J. Schiager. 4i97
Gotchy, R.L. and K.J. Schiager, August 1969, Bioassay Methods for Estimating Cunent Exposures to
Short-Lived Radon Progeny, Health Physics 17:199-216.
MarE, D.E. and K.J. Schiager, August 1969, Protection Against Radon Progeny lnhalation Using Filter
Type Respirators, Health Phwics 17:219'228.
McCurdy, D.E., K.J. Schiager and E.D. Flack, SeptemEtr 19_69rThermoluminescent Dosimetry fa
PersonaiMonitoring of Urani-um Miners, Health Phvsics 17 415-422.
Schiaoer. K.J., 1969, Radon Progeny lnhalation Exposures to Uranium Miners, Progress Report for the
period-'June 196E - March 19@, to the National lnstitute of Environmental Health Sciences, USPHS, on
contract No. PH-43-6&1326, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado.
Schiager, K.J., 1969, Monitoring oJ Airbome R{o1 Prog-e1y with Thermoluminescent Dosimeters,
prese-nted at the Nuclear ScienCe-symposium, lnstilute of Electricaland Electronics Engin€ers, San'Francisco. California, Oclober 1 969.
Schiager, K.J., 1970, Follor the Leader - To Pollution Control, in Plalrniry Challeqoes of thg 7,0F in the
Puuic Domain (Vo1.22, Science and Technology Series). pp. 436-44E, Arnerican Astronautical Society,
Tarzana, Califomia.
Schiaoer. K.J.. 1970. Uptake of Pb-210 and Po-210 in Whiskers of Uranium Miners, presented at the
Fonniim'anO Radiolead Conference, lnstitute of Cancer Research. Sutton, Suney. England, May 1970.
Schiager, K.J., 't970, A Field Study of PcrsonalAir Sampling and Bioassay Techniques for Monitoring-
R;d;; prooeriv lnhalation Erposures of Uranium Miners, paper presented at the Second Congress of
tne-tntematjonil Radiation Pr6tection Association, Paper No. 124, Brighton, England, May 3€.
Schiager, K.J., 1971, The Evalualrg1qf !a!on Progeny Erposures in.Buildingq -_Equippgnt a.nd
Techniques, report on contract No. 87-7{, Colorado Deparlment of Health, Colorado State University,
Colorado.
Schiager, K.J., 1971, Radon Progeny lnhalation -S_!y!y, Si1_Y_e^ar Summary_..COO. -1.500-20, !o tlp U.S.
Atomic Energy Commission on contract No. AT(1f-1)-1500, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins,
Colorado.
Schiager, K.J., 1971, Statement prsented before the Subcommittee on Raw iilaterials of the Joirt
Comrfrittie on.Atomic EnerEy, in Use of Uranium Mill Ta HearingsComriittee on Atomic Energy, in Use of Uranium JV
before the JCAE, @t2&.29,1971, U.S. Govemment O'lfice.
Schiaqer. K.J. and H.G. Olson, 1971, Radon Progeny Elgosure Control in Buildings, First Progress
Report-on !;ant tlo. R01-EC00154, U.S. EnvironmCntal Protection Agency, Colonado State University,
Ft. Gollins, Golorado.
Schiager. K.J.. J.E. Johnson, R.L. Watters and F.W. Whicker, 1971, Bio.logical/Ecologicd
Considlrations for Project Rio Blanco, Vol. l, Pre-Event Environmental lnventory and Potential lmpact
Anatysis. Vol. ll, Rppendices Containing Environmental lnventory Data From Various Sources, Colorado
State Univ€rsity, Ft. Collins, Colorado.
Schiager, K.J. and N.F. Savignac, 1972, Radiation Monitoring of Uranium Mlqers: A Comel{sgn q
Bioasiay, TLD, and the Kusietr Determinations of Cunent Erpg:rtq,. TItt-t^R-"tott to the National
lnstitute bi Environmental Health Sciences, USPHS, on contract No. PH-43-68-1326, Colorado State
University, Ft. Collins, Colorado.
ircn rcnh Scrrragcr To: Michcilc Rcnm:
Pubtications and Prcsentations - Page i
=sce i -" '
K. J. Schiager. 4197
Amer. lndud-Ftvo- Assoc. Jn. 35: I 6$
Schiager, K.J. and N. F. Savignac,1972, Radiation Monitoring of Uranium_Miners: A Comparison d
Biessay, TLD, and the Kusnetz Determinations dCunent Exposures, COO'15OG21, to the U.S. Atomic
Energy Commission on contract No. AT(11.1)-15@, Colorado State University. Ft. Collins, Colorado.
Schiager, K.J. and H.G. Olson, 1972, Radon Progeny Erposure Control in Buildings, Second Progress
Report to the U.S. Environmental Proteclion Agenry on grant No. R01-EC00154, Colorado State
University, Ft. Collins, Colorado.
Schiager, K.J. and N.F. Savignac, 1972, Radiation Monitoring of Uranium Miners: A Comparison d
Bioasiay, TLD, and the Kusnetz Determinations of Current Erposures, Final Report to the National
lnstitute of Environmental Health Sciences. USPHS, on contract No. PH-43€E-1326, Colorado State
University, Ft. Collins, Colorado.
SciiagBr, K.J., 1973, Preliminary Report on a Direct Reading, Working Level Survey Meter, COO-1500-
2.,1o-t'p U.S. Atornic Energy Commission on contract No. AT(11-1)-1500. Colorado State University.
Ft. Collins, Colorado.
Culot, My.J., H.G. Oson and K.J. Schiager, 1973, Radon Progeny Erposuto Confrol in Buildings, Final
Report to the U.S. Environmental Protection Aggncy on grant No. R01-EC00154, and to the U.S. Atomic
Energy Agency on contract No. AT(11-1)-2273, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins. Colorado.
Schiager. K.J. and S.T. Bard, 1973. EnvironmentalRadiation Surveillance Program, 1972 Annual Report
and Summary of 19691972Preoperational Measurements, f9r Public Service Company of Colorado on
contract No.'FSV{027. Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado.
Schiager, K.J. ef e1..1974, Environmental Surveillance at Los Alamos During 1973, LA-5586, Lc
Alamos Scientific Laboratory, Los Alamos, NoIv Merico.
Schiager, K.J., 1974, lntegrating Radon Progeny Air Sampler,
174.
Savignac, N.F. and K.J. Schiager, 1974, Uranium Miner Bioassay Systems: Lead-210 in Whiskers,
Health Phrrsics 25:55$565.
Schiager, K.J.. 1974, Analysis of Radiation Exposures on or near Uranium Mill Tailings Piles. Radiation
Data and Reoorts 15:411-425, U. S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
Schiager, K.J., 1974, Radon Progeny lnhalation Study, Final Report, COO-1500-25, lo lhe U.S. Atomic
Energy Commission on contract No. AT(1 1-l)-1500, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins, Colorado.
Schiager, K.J., 1974, Reduction of Natural Radialion lntensity in a Large Storage Area, Health Physics
Z:433,445.
Apt, K.E. and K.J. Scfliager. 1975, A Passive Erruironmental Neutron Dosimeter, Health Physics 2E:474-' 476.
Culot, M.V.J., H.G. Olson and K.J. Schiager, 1976, Efiective Difiusion Coefiicient of Radon in Concrete,
Health Phvsics 30:261270.
Culot, M.V.J., K.J. Schiager and H.G. Olson, 1976, Prediction of lncreased Gamma Fields afrer
Application of a Radon Barrier on Concrete Surfaces, Health Phvsics 30:471476.
Schiager, K.J., 1976, The 3R-WL Air Sampling Working Level Survey Mete1, reportCOO-2936-1 on
Energy Research and Development Administration contrac{ No. EY-76-S-02-2396, Colorado State
U niversity, Ft. Collins, Colorado.
Frcn: '(enF Scnlagcr :c: M'tchcllc Rchmt
Publications and Presentations - Page 4 K. J. Schiager.4197
Schiager,1977, Radwaste Radium-Radon Risk, in
1977 in Albuquerqu€, N€w U.S. Environm€ntal Protection Agency
Schiager, K.J., 1977, The 3R-WL Air Sampling Working Level.Survey.tlt"-1, ItI.-!J:po{ COO,29_35-2
on En-ergy Research and Development Adminlstration Contract No. EY-7GS-02-2396, Colorado State
University, Ft. Collins, Colorado.
Schiager, K.J., 1977, The 3R.WL Working LevelSurvey Meter, Health Phvsics 33:595604.
Schiager, K.J. 1977, High Level.and Long-lived Radioa.ctive Wasts - Concepts and Comparisons,
resouie paper prepared-for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency wortshop on lssues Pertinent
to the Deveioprhenl of Environmental Protection Criteria for Radioactive Wastes, held February 3'5,
1977. al the Sheraton lnn lnternational Conference Center, Reston, Virginia.
Wastes, held 12-14 A1
Fepon onPic.so.n-?:
Culot, M.V.J., H.G. Olson and K.J. Schiager, 1978. Freld-Applications of a Radon Barrier to Reduce
lndooi Airborne Radon Progeny, Health Phnsics 34:499501.
Culot, M.V.J., K.J. Schiagerand H.G. Olson, 197E, Developmentof a Radon Banier, Health Phvsics
35:375-380.
Corley, J.P. and K.J._S_chqager, 1978, .De Minimis Levels of Radioactiyp.il.WS..t" Management, in
Wist'e'Manaoement-'78: Frig] CVcleS in Pgrqoective, Q.Ym.posium held at thc University of Arizona.
ffiicificNorthwestLaboratory,Richland,Washington.
Schiager, K.J., H.L. Crouse and J.T. Gormley, 1979-., D.os+lgntn Considerations, Subtask C-3-Report,
ieCfiiclt Sdpport of Standards for High-Level Radioactive Wqst-wtanagement, Vol. C. Migratim
Pathways, Arthirr D. Little, lnc., Cambridge, [tIA, ePA52Al4'79-007C.
Berven, 8.A., WA. Goldsrnith, [.F. Hayryog! ?.nd .{rJ..Sc.hg.ger,J979, Proposed Training..Program.for
ercnstruaion'Personnel lnrdved in RemidialAction Work at Sites Contaminated by Naturally Occurring
Radionuclides. in Health Phvsics Training. Proc. of the Health Physics Society, Thirteenth Mid'Year
Topical Symposium, Honolulu, Hawaii, December 10'13.
Schiaoer. K.J., 1980, Grand Junction Remedial Action Program: Analysis of Currently Approved and
propold Procedures for Establishing Eligibility for Remedial ActigJt, Final Report on contract No. DE'
n(igZSC.tcl1621, U.S. Department of Eriergy, DOE/EV/01621-T1, ALARA, lnc., Fort Collins,
Colorado.
Schiager, K.J., 1980, Avenging_Out the RealWorld, in
Coloraio Schoolof Mines PrGs, Golden Colorado, 153'1
Borak. T.8., JA Johrson and K.J. Schiager. 19E1, A_Comparison of Radioa$iytty and Silica Standards
for timiting Dust Exposures in Uraniui Mines, in B=ad=i?Lion Hazards in Mining, Am. lnst. of Mining,
Metal. and-Petrol. Engr., lnc.. NewYork, NY. pp.313'318.
Borak, T.8.. E. Franco, K.J. Schiager, J.A. Johnson and R.F. Holub, 1981, Evaluation of Recent
Developments in Radon Progeny MeisuremenF, in Radiation Flan& in Mining, Am. lnst. of Mining,
Metal. ind Petrol. Engr., Inc- N6wYork, NY, pp. 419-425.
Johnson, JA., K.J. Schiager and T.B. Borak, 1981, Contributions of Human Factors to Uncertainties in
n}oiatlonMeasuremen6andlmplicationsforTraining'in@,Afil.tnst.of
Mining, Metal. and Petrol. Engr., lhc., New York, NY. pp. a85a90.
From: xcilh Schragcr To: Micneilc R.nmr'-CatC: :,t;-qr ltirc: :U:-5.^U -rge : -.'
Publications and Presentations - Page 5 K. J. Schiager.4i97
Schiager, K.J., J.A. Johnson, T.B. Borak, 1981, Radiation lMonitoring Priorities for Uranium Miners, in
Radiatlon Hazards in Minino, Arn. lns{. of Mining, Metal. and Petrol. Engr., lnc., New York. NY, pp. 738-
745.
Schiager, K.J., T.B. Borak and JA. Johnson, 1981, Radiation Monitoring for Uranium Miners: Evaluation
and O-ptimization, Final Report on Gontract No. J0295026, Bureau of Mines, U.S. Dept. of the lnterior,
ALARA, lnc., Fort Collins, Colorado.
Schiager, K.J. and W.J. Smith ll, 1962, Simple Field Method for Determining Compliance with EBA
Landeleanup Standards, in Uranium Mill Tailings ManaoemeEt, proceedings of the Fifth Symposium.
Dec 9-10, 1982, Colorado State Univ., Ft. Collins, CO, pP. 135'148.
Schiager, K.J. and W.J. Smith ll, 1984, A Smple Gamma Spect.rometric Technleue for Ra-226 and Ra-
228 ii Soil, poster presentation at the annual Meeting of the Health Physics Society in New Orleans,
Louisiana.
Schiager, K.J., 1984, More Comments on ALARA, Health Physics 47:321-323.
Schiager, K.J., 1986, Disposal of Uranium Mill Tailings, in Radioactive Waste, Proceedings of the 21st
Annual Meeting of the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements, 3-4 April 1985,
Washingrton, D.C. pp. 149-162.
Schiager, K.J., W.J. Bair, M.W. Carter, A.P. Hull and J.E. Till, 1986, De Minimis Environmental
Radiation Levels: Concepts and Consequences', Health Phwics 50:569-579.
Schiager, K.J.. 1989, Bias in United States U Miners'Exposure Data, Heatth Phvsics 57:169-170.
Schiager, K.J., 1990, Radon: Risk and Reson, HPS Neurletter. Oc{ober 1990.
Leavitt, D.D. and K.J. Schiager, 1990, Environmental lssues in Radiology - Control and Disposal of
H azardous Wastes, lnvestioative Radioloov 25:942'946.
Roessler, G.S., F. Masse. R.A. Kathren. R. Alexander. and K.J. Schiager, Compatibility in Radiation
Protection Regubtrors, position statement of the Heatth Phpics Society, HPS Neursletter, March 1992.
Schiager, K.J., 1992, Radon - Risk and Reason, in Rational Readinos on Environmental Concerns, J.H.
Lehr. -ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, New York, NY.
lGthren, RA., F. Masse, K,L. Mcsrnan, G.S. Roessler and K.J. Schiager, 1992, Radiation Dose Limits
for the General Public, posilion statement of the Health Physics Society, HPS Newsletter, November
1992.
lGthren, RA, F. Masse, K.L. Mossman, G.S. Roessler and K.J. Schiager, 1993, What About'Deadly'
Plutonium, position statement of the Health Phpics Society, HPS Ne\ 6letter. March 1993.
lGthren, R.A, F. Masse, K.L. l\rossrnan, G.S. Roessler and K.J. Schiager, 1993, Radiation Dose Limits
for the General Public - Part ll. position statement of the Heatth Physics Society, HE-l!eUE!gE!, May
1993.
lGthren, R.A.. F. Masse, K.L. Mossrnan. G.S. Roessler and K.J. Schiager, 1993, Radiation Standardws
for Site Cleanup and Restoration, position statement of the Heatth Physics Society, .H.E-N-9strlel!g!,
June 1993.
Kathren, R.A., F. Masse, K.L. Mossman, G.S. Roessler and K.J. Schiager, 1993, Risk Assessment,
position statement of the Health Phpics Society, HPS Newslette(. August 1993.
Frct:1: (r,th Scnraqcr "o: Mtc!'rcllc icnmt UaC. ),.t,J, I rlt,C. .a.r!-!94:.:
Kathren. R.A., F. Masse, K.L. Mossman, G.S. Roessler and K.J. Schiager. 1993, Radiation Protection
Jlne puUtic inO the Environment, position statement of the Health Physics Society, HPS Newsletter,
August 1993.
Kathren, R.A., F. Mass€, K.L-. Mosgm.?.n,_9.S, Ro_ess.ler al.d-f.J..Schiager,.1993, Low-'level Waste
fjispoJal, posiiion statemint of the Health Phpics Society, HPS Newsletter, January 1994.
Schiager, K.J., M.M. McDougall, E.A. Christman, F. PlO,J. Ring, D'E. Ca!s1n, C.A. Warfield and
W.i.-Aaifley,'19g6, Consei'sus Radiation Proteclion Practices for Academic Research lnstitutions,
Health Phvsils. 71 :960-965.
Fror':r: *ctlh Scnagcr Tc: Micicllc Rrnt-n'
Representativc ConsultinE Clients:
AMAX Environmental Services, lnc., Denver, CO
American Mining Congress, Washingrton' D.C.
Anaconda Com[any, Denver, GO
Arthur D. Little Company, Cambridge, lvlA
Association of American Railroads, Washingrton. D.C'
Bendix Field Engineering Corp., Gfald Junctio-n, CO ^ ^Coiorioo Schooiof Minel Reiearch lnstitute, Golden, CO
Colorado State UniversiU, Fott Collins, CO
Communicable Disease
-Center, U.S.P.H.S., Atlanta, GA
Cotter Corporation, Denver, CO
D'Appolonia Consulting Engineers, lnc--, Pittsburgh, PA
Easiman Kodak ComPanY, Windsor, CO
Environmental Reseaich ind Technology' Ft. Collins, CO
Estech General Chemical Co., Bradenton' FL
Eson CompanY USA, Houston,fl
Florida Phoiphite Council, lnc., Lakeland' FL
Gulf Mineralhesources Co., Denver, CO
Cutf nesearch and Development, Pittsburgh, PA
Harvard UniversitY, Cambridge, MA
lT Corporation. Pittsburgh, PA
Jacobi Engineering Grotp lnc.. Albuquerque, NM
Joy ManuficturingCo., Denver, CO
J.R. Simplot Co., Pocatello. lD
Oak Ridq'e National Laboratory, Oak Ridge' TN
Occidenial Chemical Co., LathroP, CA
Phillios Uranium Co.. Albuquerque, NM
puUlil Service Company of'Colorado, Denv€r. CO
Roclrv Mountain EnergyCo., Broomfield, CO
SgnES Consuhants L-iiniled, Toronto, Ontario. Canada
UniversiW of MichiEan, Ann Arbor, Ml
Universitv of Missouri, Columbia, MO
UniversiW of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
Universit! of Washingtton, Seattle, WA
Universit! of Wyoming, Laramie, WY -Utah Staie lnsuiance Fund, Salt Lake City, UT
Utah State UniversitY, Logan, UT
U.S. Bureau of lndian Afiairs, Albuquerque, NM
U.S. Bureau of Mines, Denver, CO and Salt Lake City' UT
U.S, Department of Energy, Washingrton, P.q.U.S. Department of Justic6, Washingtonr D.C'
U.S. Environmental Protec{ion Agency, Washingtoq D.C.
U.S. Geologicalsurvey, Reston, V_A and Denver, CO.
Veteran's Administrati6n MedicalCenter, Salt Lake City. UT
Western Nuclear, lnc., Denver, @
Westem Zirconium Division of Westinghouse, Ogden, UT
Westinghouse Electric Corp., Pittsburgh, PA
K. J. Schiager, 4i97
Cotter Ore Thorium Calculation
I) Assumptions. Ore processed = 363 tons. From Schiager report the ore tonnage was assumed to be 420 tons. Total thorium activity = 240 Ci assuming42O tons of material from
Schiager's report
U) Calculation of thorium for reduced tonnage
363 tons +420 tons x240 Ci:207 Ci
I.]NITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGI.]LATORY COMMISSION
ATOI\,IJC S E'F'TV l\rn I TCFNSING RO Rn P NFI
Before Administrative Judges:
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Dr. Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certiff that I caused tnre and complete copies of the foregoing International
Uranium OSA) Corporation's Response to the Presiding officer's october 26,2000 Request for
Information in the above-captioned matter to be served, first-class, postage prepaid mail and also
uy.t".t onic mail to the individuals indicated by an asterisk on this l3th day of November,2000
to:
IN THE MATTER OF:
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA)
CORPORATION
(Source Material License Amendment)
*
rf
,t
*
:i
*
*
r*
The Honorable G. Paul Bollwerk,III
Chief Judge
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Two White Flint North
I1545 Rockville Pike
Mail Stop T-3 F23
Rockville, MD 20852
Office of the Secretary *
Attn: Rulemakings and
Adjudication Staff
One White Flint North
11555 Rockville Pike
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Rockville, Maryland 20852
Docket No. 40-868 l -MLA-S
ASLBP No. 00-782-08-MLA
November 13,2000
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Office of the General Counsel
11555 Rockville Pike
Rockville, MD 20852
Atomic Safery and Licensing Board Panel
One White FlintNorth
11555 Rockville Pike
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Rockville, Maryland 20852
I
Offrce of Rulemakings and
Adjudication
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
11555 Roclcville Pike
Roclcville, MD 20852
Administrative Judge *
Ann Marshall Young
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Mail Stop T-3-F23
Washington, D.C. 20555-000 I
Sarah M. Fields *
P.O. Box 143
Moab, UT 84532
Administrative Judge
Dr. Charles N. Kelber
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Mail Stop T-3F23
Washington, D.C. 20555-000 1
Frederick S. Phillips
SHAW PITTMAN
2300 N Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20037
COUNSEL TO INTERNATIONAL
URANTUM (USA) COPJORATION
Document #: 1038614 v.l
Shaw Plttman Potts lrowbnldge; 2oz 663 usz4;NOV-tr-UU +:UZrM,tr6gE 4/t
liiC?i[ ,t D
i.i 1i..:'.
'',:UNITED STATES OF AMEHICA
NUCLEAR REGULATOBY GOMMISSION
ATOMIG SAFEW AND LICENSING BOARD PAN'EU
Belore Adminlstratlve Judges, ej ,
Ann MarshaltYoung, Preeiding Oflicer Af, :' ' ,
Charles N. Kelber, Special Asshtant
Nt -ir r'2 :ir8
ln the lr/latter of
r NTERNATIOT{AL URANI UM (UsA)
COHPOHATION
sEnvEDllov-6m
Docket No. 40-8681 -Ml-A€
ASLBP No.0G782-0&M1I
November 6, 20OO
(Source Materlal t-lcenee emenOme0
OHDER
(Qlqntinq IUSA Molion for Extension ol Time)
1. Thie maler concerns a requeet lor hearing liled by Petitioner Sarah M. Fields with
regard to lnternational Uranlum (USA) Corporation (IUSA)'3 application to amend Sourcs
Matorial Ucense SUA-IoSB to allow its White Mesa Uranium Mitl near Blanding, Utah,lo
receive and process up to 2fi)o cubic yards ol alternative leed material lrom the Heritage
Minerals site ln Lakehurst, New Jersey. On October 26' 2(X)O, an order was entered
requesting certain inlormatlon and permlttirtg a response from lUsA in reply to a documsnt liled
by the petltions on Oc,tober 18,2000, styled'First Supplement to Petrlioner's August 9.2000,
Request lor Hearing.' The deadline sel for the IUSA response wa8 No/omber 3, 2O0O.
Z. OnttovemUei 1, aogo, IUSA filed a motion lor exteneion of time lor the liling ol its
responge and turther inlormation. The undersigned was out ol the otlice on November 1-3,
ZooO, orr other ASLBP bueinees, did not have access to emal!, and only recehrcd IUSA'8 motion
on November 6, 2OOO, past the Norember 3 deadline. However' IUSA's filing of It6 reqUed lOr
extension prior to the Novernber 3 deadline, without receMng a ruling prior to ihe Notrember 3
xtIY 0 T 20m
3.Et Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnidge; 202 663 NOV-U-UU
-2-
deadline. is found to be good cause to excrrse tha lailure to lile on November O. Moreover, it is
found rhat IUSA has ehou,n good cauee to extend irs deadllne ae requeeted.
3. Therefore, IUSA sha[ lile ]ts responee to the raques{ for inlormation steted in tho
October 26, 2000, Order, and to the Petltione/e'Firat $upplement,'no tator than ilonday,
November 13, 2u)0 (tlovember 10, the requssl€d exteneion dete, being a Federalholk{ay).
4. IUSAs rosponso should lndude flgures and inlormation (in easily usable form) that
will provide and allow lor speclflc comparisons botween the radlological oontent and picocufles-
per-gram amounta and levels ol the Heritage Minerals materials proposed to be transportad
urtder the preeent llcense amendment appllcetion (induding botr totalflgures and lor uranlum
and thorium separately), and thoss of prior materiala authorized by IUSAs llcense or previor,rs
amendments thereto and transportod to the White Mesa Millthrough iibab, t tah.
It is so ORDEHED.
BY THE PFESIDING OFFICEH1
6.*l nry{*&
Ann It arehallYoung
ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE
Hochville, Maryland
Norember 6. z(X)O .;
tGopies of this Order were sent this date by lnternet e-maillranemission lo all
participants or @unsel tor participanE.
Seit By: Shaw Pittman Potts
I
'lr
a
Tnowbnidge; 202 663 Nov-8-U0 PAge 414
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAH B EG ULATOHY COMMIS.TOT,T
ln the Matter ot
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA}COHPORATION T '
(Source Materlal License Amandment)
Office ol Commission Appellate
Adjudlcation
U.S. Nuclear Regulalory Commisslon
Washington, DC 20555-O0Oi
Adminietrativo Juclge
Gharlee N. Kelber, Special Aesistant
Atomlc Salety and Ucenaing Board Panel
Mail Stop - T-3 F23
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commiseion
Washingrton, DC 20555-0OOI
Sarah M. Flelds
P.O. Box 149
Moab, UT 84532
Dated at Roclnrille, Irlaryland,
this 8n day of Novomb6r P00O
Doc*et No. 40-8681-MtA-g
Admhistratirre Juclge
Ann Marshall Young, presiding Officer
Atomic Safety and Licenging Fioard panet
tt{ail Stop - T-3 E2it
U.S. Nuclear Rogulatory Commission
Washington, DC ?OSSS-OOOI
Dennis C. Dambly, Esq.
Office ol the General Counsel
Mail Stop - O-iS DZl
U.S. Nuclear Begulatory Cornmission
Washlngrton, DC 20SSS-0001
Anthony J. Thompson, Esq.
Frederlck S. Phlflips, Esq.
Davld C.l-ashway, Esq,
Shaw Pittman
2300 N Street, NW
Washington, DC 40037
)
)
)
)
)
)
l_lgPt_gqr{fv !l'q!!qpies of the loregolng LB oRDEH (GRANTING |USA MOTtoN FoREXTENSION oF Tlt\rE) hEve been serveq. upon the following pergons Oioe&rr in the U.S.mail, lirst class, or through NRC intemaldlstributlon.
Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnldgei 202 663 8924;oct-30-uu 'l:'l /l'M;
Docket No.4O8681-MLA€
ASLBP No. 00-782-08-MLA
octoD€r 26, 20q)
ragE z
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUC.EAB REGUI.ATORY GOMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOAHD PANEL
Belore Administratlvo Judgss:
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Otlicer
cn A"s N. Ketber, SPecialAsaistant
Ill' ' '
L,. ,. .'.
ii .
m tri- -l's F Z :39
C.
AI).'.
SEHtfEfrr ()cr26 2000
ln the Matter of
INTEHNATIONAL UMNIUM (USA}
CORPORATION
OHDER
(Reouestino lnformation end permit,nq Brsponse to petitioner'e october 18. 2-oo0' Filingl
l.ThismatterconcernsarequestlorhearingtilodbyPetitionerSarahM.Fieldswith
regard to lntemational uranlum (usA) corporation (lusA)'s appllcation to amend source
Material ucense suA-l358 to allow ite white Mesa uranium Mill near Blanding' utah' to
roceivearrdproceeeupto2oo0cublcyardsolalternativefeedmeleria]lromtheHeritage
Mlnerale Site in Lskehurst, New Jereey' On October 18' 2000' while her Motion tor Leave [to
rire a eupprementar petitionr out-or-Trme wa' pending and on vuhich date Appllcant lusA lilod
its opposirion to the petitioner,s Motion, peililoner Fields fired a document stylod "Firs{
supplement to Petitioner's August 9' 2000, ReqUest lor Hearing' (which was received by the
undersigned on October 25,20OO)
2. Although the Petitionef's Motion lor Leave to File out.ol-Time has not yet boen ruled
on, and it is recognized that the patimnerrs'First Supplemenf is thus being liled without leave
havingbeengrantedtherelor,itlslurtherlecognizedthatthePetitionerhasreisedtheiesueol
the cpncentra$on and radiorogrcar acrMty of the rhorium contained in the Heritage Minerals site
material in such a mannor, with such supporting documentation, that at leael a minimaldegree
0GT soEm
ient By:
I
Shaw Pittman Potts Trowbnidgei 2O2 663 8924;oct-30-00 1:'l /l-M;ragE o, r
t
a
-2-
ol further inquiry on this issue is found to be appropriata. This documentation includes among
other things various rererencas ro the radiorogicaractivity or the thorium contained in the
Heritage materiats, and a september 27, 1990, letter frOm Attorney Anthony J' Thompeon'
currently counsel lor lu$A and then counsellor Heritage Minerale, lnc" indicating ooncern
about thc salety ol traneporting the apparently same monzanite sande lhat constitute the
materiale lor wtrich the ilcense amendmenr hororn ls being sought, from l'rlew Jereey to the
"\Alestern United States."
3.A[houghitisnotedthatAttorneyThompaonwasrepresentinghispreviouscllent,in
a context in which among other things the same inlormation as ia available now may not
previouely have been available, it riyould aPpear that a comparison between the speclflc
radiologicalcontentandactivityoltheHerltagematerials'andmaterialsthatlusAhas
previously been permitted to transport to ite whire Mesa millthrough Moab, utah' under its
ticense and any amendments thereto, would be a relaiively simple and etraightlorward malter to
address. rt would arso appear that such a comparrson wourd resolve rather etraightlorwardly
the question ol whether the Petitioner has shown suflicient "iniury in lactl as a reeult ol the
requeered ricense amendment at issue herein, by virtue or the content ol the Heritage materials
themsefuesincomparieonwithmaterialepreviouslyttansportedthroughMoabtotheWhite
Mesa milrunder rusA,s ricense and any previous amendments theretb, to estabrlsh standing to
proceed fut'ther in ihis matter lnvolving IUSA'S preGent license amendment request'
4. Therefore:
a.Applicant|USAierequesledtoprovidespecilicinlormation,withcltatlontoand
copies or rerevant .ourcBs included, regarding the speciric radioroglcalcontent and picocuries-
p€r-gram rmgsnt8 and bvols ol prior malerials authorizecl by lusA's tlcense or previous
amendmonls thereto and transported to the white Mesa Millthlough Moab' utah'
Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbridge; 2OZ 663 8924;ucL-ou-uu l, lorM,r suu -/gSent
I
t.
By:
-3-
b.lUsAisalsopermitledtofileanylurtherre€ponBetotheP€tilion€/sdocumentstyled
.FirEt supplement to Petit'oner's August 9' 2000' Bequeet lOr Haaring" by the close ol business
November 3,2000'
tt is so ORDEHED'
BY THE PRESIDINO OFFIGERT
()u,, )l rc<a{,s'.0.1
Bockville, Maryland
Odober 2e' 2OOO
Gisorderw91ese.ntthisdatebylnternete.maittransmissiontoall
parfir:ipanti or counsel for participants'
ient By: Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnidge;
--t "
tI a
202 663 BS24;Oct-30-00 1:18PM;Page 5/5
uNlrED STATES oF AMERI-G.II.-
NUCGAR RE-EU TNiORY COMM I SSION
ln the Matter of
INTERMTIOT'IAL URANIUM (USA)
GORPORATIOT'I
(Sourca Maierlal Uoenae Amendment)
Docket No. 4G8681-MIA{
)
)
)
)
)
)
rherehycenrrvlaloopiesorther'r:-e3ithtffi.Fo[ff ?ItBIil.Ff lH-3ffii'#Si*'ptliirri,r.* RESpoNSE ro PErrT':T55i.":H:rffi #;, ;ii'*sh i{nc irilemar
uporr tre folourins ;;;;; uv-orpo.ir rl'tir u.s. mail, firgt claes' or through N
dietribution.
Oflice of Commission APPeltate
Adiudication
u 3.'rtit J"* Reg u latory com m ission
tlir.ttinston' DC 20555{1001
Adminlstrative Judgc
ffin r'rfronall Young, Presiding OffiTt
ffiffi"s.;tv ""d
[icensing Board Panel
Mall StoP'T-3 F23
i;--{ iffi"ar RegulatorY commission
il"thnOon, DC 20555-0001
Administretve Judgo !;p,ls'?ifl"t$HrtiS;ungel
l$*'*r*'f,* 3ffiI.";"t"Jfii;"""'' Mar srop -bi s ozr
Ma* Etop _ T-3 F23 us. r.ruirear Reguratory c-ommrssion
t t s Nuclear Regulatory Commission Washington' DC 20555-0001
ill"ttt,ngtrn, Dc 20555{o0t
Anthony J. ThomPson, Eaq'
Frederick S. PhilliPs' Eeo'
David C. LaehwaY, Esq'
Shew Pittman
2300 N $treet, NW
Wr.nfngton, DC 20037
Sarah M. Fields
P.O. Box 143
Moab, UT 84532
Dated at Roctcville' MarYlaS-'
Inil-zo' o"Y of octobar 20oo
ffi; ottre sect*ary of
i
ShawPittman
A ltw Portneohip Incluling fuoJessiorul Corpotatiorc
FRrorRrcx S. Pxrr-lrrs
202.663.8877
[e-mail]
November 1,2000
By First-Class Mail
Office of Rulemakings and Adjudication
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
I1555 Rockville Pike
Rockville, MD 20852
Re: International Uranium ([JSA) Corporation
Dear Sir or Madam:
Enclosed for filing in the above-referenced matter are the original and three copies of
the Intemational Uranium (USA) Corporation's Motion for Extension of Time. Copies of
each have been served on counsel ofrecord as indicated in the enclosed certificate ofservice.
Please return the file-stamped copy in the enclosed self-addressed pre-paid envelope.
Frederick
Enclosures
Documcnt #: 1025262 v.|
Washington, DC
New York
London
Phillips
2300 N Street, NW Washington,_DC 20037- I128 www.showpittmon.com202.563.8000 Fax: [phone]
'f
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMIS SION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD PANEL
Before Administrative Judges :
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Dr. Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
IN THE MATTER OF:
INTERNATIONAL URANruM ruSA)
COFJORATION
(Source Material License Amendment)
Docket No. 40-8681
ASLBP No.
November 1,2000
INTERNATTONAL URANIIJM (USA) CORPORATION'S
MOTION FOR EXTENSION OF TIME
International Uranium (USA) Corporation ("IUSA") respectfully requests an extension of
time in which to file its response to the request for information set forth in the Presiding
Officer's October 26,2000 order and to file any further response to the Petitioner's document
styled "First Supplement to Petitioner's August 9, 2000, Request for Hearing." ruSA requires
this additional time in order to compile and synthesize, in a concise and coherent format, the
specific technical data requested by the Presiding Officer. Moreover, IUSA desires the
opporrunity to have its response reviewed by IUSA's Radiation Safety Offrcer for the White
Mesa Mill in order to ensure that its response is comprehensive and accurate. This individual
has been traveling and unavailable to assist in this matter for the past several days.
Therefore, in light of the foregoing, IUSA respectfully requests a seven day extension of
time in which to respond to the Presiding Officer's information request contained in the October
26,2000 order and tb file any further response to Petitioner's supplemental filing referenced
,
above. Accordingly, IUSA's response would be due by the close of business on November 10,
2000. Counsel for IUSA has not spoken with Petitioner regarding this request.
Respectfully submitted this lst day of November,2000.
SHAW PITTMAN
Anthony J. Thompson
Frederick S. Phillips
2300 N Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20037
[phone]
COUNSEL TO INTERNATIONAL
T.JRANTUM (USA) COPJORATTON
Document #: 1033447 v.l
IMAN,&
'.1 IJNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGIJLATORY COMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD PANEL
Before Administrative Judges :
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Dr. Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
rf
IN THE MATTER OF: !I
* Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA) *
CORPORATION * ASLBP No. 00-782-08-MLA
*
(Source Material License Amendment) * November 1,2000*
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certify that I caused tnre and complete copies of the foregoing
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA) CORPORATTON',S MOTTON FOR EXTENSTION OF
TIME in the above-captioned matter to be served, first-class, posta&e prepaid mail and also by
electronic mail to the individuals indicated by an asterisk on this l"' day of November,2000 to:
The Honorable G. Paul Bollwerk, III U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Chief Judge Office of the General Counsel
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission I1555 Rockville Pike
Two White Flint North Rockville, MD 20852
I1545 Rockville Pike
Mail Stop T-3 F23
Rockville, MD 20852
Office of the Secretary * Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel
Attn: Rulemakings and One White Flint North
Adjudication Staff I1555 Rockville Pike
One White Flint North U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
11555 Rockville Pike Rockville, Maryland 20852
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Rockville, Maryland 20852
Office of Rulemakings and
Adjudication
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
I1555 Rockville Pike
Rockville, MD 20852
Administrative Judge*
Ann Marshall Young
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Mail Stop T-3-F23
Washington, D.C. 20555-000 I
Sarah M. Fields *
P.O. Box 143
Moab, UT 84532
Administrative Judge
Dr. Charles N. Kelber
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Mail Stop T-3F23
Washington, D.C. 20555-000 I
Frederick S. Phillips
SHAW PITTMAN
2300 N Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20037
COUNSEL TO INTERNATIONAL
URAMUM (USA) CORPORATTON
Document #: 1 033579 v.1
UI\IITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGLILATORY COMn/fl SSION
Before Administrative Judges:
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Dr. Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
)
)
TNTERNATIONAL URANIIUM (usA) )CORPORATION )
)
(Source Material License Amendment, )
License No. SUA-1548) )
_)
Docket No. 40-868 1 -MLA-8
ASLBP No. 00-782-08-MLA
October 18,2000
FIRST SUPPLEMENT TO PETITIONER'S,
AUGUST 9. 2OOO. REOUEST FOR HEARING
I. Background
On Monday, July 17,zOOO,the Nuclear Regulatory Commission ('NRC')
published a notice in the Federal Reeister at Volume 65, Number 137, Pages 44078'
44079 (65 Fed. Reg. 44078), noticing the "Receipt of a Request from lnternational
Uranium (ruSA) Corporation to Amend Source Material License SUA-1358 to Receive
and process Alternate Feed Materials Notice of Opportunity for a Hearing." The July 17
Federal RegisterNotice (*FRN") was received by myself at Moab, Grand county, in
southeastem Utah, on July 22, 2OOO, from "firrrebgate.access.grc.gov/."
This petitioner responded to the July 17. 2000, Federal RegisterNotice with a
Request for Hearing and petition for leave to.intervene on August 9,2000. On August
Z4,Z111,lnternational Uranium (USA) Corporation ('IUSA') filed their response to my
2
August 9 Request for Hearing ("Response'). The commission's secretary forwarded
the August 9 Request for Hearing and IUSA',s August 24 Response to such request to the
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel (*ASLBP') on August 29,2000' The Atomic
safety and Licensing Board Panel noticed the Designation of a Presiding officer and a
Special Assistant on August 31,2000'
Counsel forNRC Staffnotified the Administrative Law Judges on September 7,
2000, that the Staffdid not plan to participate as a party to the present proceeding' I
received a phone call from the Office of the Presiding Offtcer, Ms' Ann Marshall Yorurg'
on September I l, 2000, for the purpose of arranging a telephone conference' On that
date, in response to that phone call, I submitted a letter to the Presiding Officer and
Special Assistant, Dr. Charles N. Kelber, requesting clarification and proposing that any
..conference involving substantive issues be held locally and publicly'" The Presiding
Officer issued an Order (Scheduling Septemb er 14,2000, Telephone Conference) on
September ll2,2OOO. The telephone conference occrrred precipitously on september 14'
2000, and a 66-pagetranscript is available. The Presiding officer promptly issued an
Order (Addressing Matters Considered at the September 14, 2000, Telephone
conference)onSeptemberl8,2000,whichIreceivedonSeptember2l.,2000'Ireceived
a text transcript of the Sepember 14 Telephone Conference ("Transcript") on September
21.
See 65 Fed. Reg. 44078,4407844079; Request for Hearing from saratr M' Fields
to the Secretary, NRC, August 9,2000; International Uranium (USA) Corporation's
Opposition to the Request for Hearing of Sarah M' Fields, August 24'2000; and
Memorandum from Annette L. Vietti-Cook, Secretary, NRC, to G. Paul Bollwerk, III,
Chief Administrative Judge, Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel, regarding
Request for Hearing Submitted by Saratr M. Fields, August 29,2000; Designation of
Presiding officer, DocketNo. 40-8681-MLA-8, ASLBP No. 00-782-08-MLA, signed by
G. Paul Bollwerk, III, Augusrf i,2OOO'
S, also, letter to the Administrative Judges: Ms. Ann Marshall Young, Presiding
---€ffreer,-and,Dr. Charles N-Kelber, Special Assistant, from Ms. Mitzi d Yorrng'Esq',
Counsel for NRC Statr, September 7,2000;Letter to the Administrative Judges from
Sarah M. Fields, September 11,2000; Order (Scheduling September 14, 2000, Telephone
conference), septemb er 12,2000; text Transcript of September 14, 2000, Telephone
Conference; and Order (Addressing Matters Considered at September 14,2000,
Telephone Conference), September I 8, 2000'
II. Celtain Questions Proposed to U. p.o.ptty Considered in the Present
Proceeding
In this First Supplement to Petitioner's August 9 Request for HearinB, the present
petitioner will consider three questions. The first question is: Does the extent record of
the present licensing proceeding exhibit NRC Staffunconsidered disregard for my health
and safety and the environment? The second question is: Would such willful negligence
result in an unacceptable risk of tangible, direct harm done to myself and the environment
by the proposed licensing action? The third question is whether or not the appointed
t
Licensing Board in this matter is authorized to confront such negligence and mitigate
such resultant unacceptable risk of harrr' '
Unfortunately, any consideration of such questions must confront further
questions: Does the record of the present proceeding, which has accrued thus far, exhibit
___cgregious deceptjon? And, if so: Where does such deception lie in the record of the
present proceeding? Is deception a common ground that must be addressed by all these
-questions? .Have=ll-theaartieipantsinttrepres€n+?roc€edmgbeen$isled?-
III. Where Does Such Deception Lie in the Record of the Present Proceeding?
An August 20,lgg6,NRC StatrMemorandum from Mr. Ronald R. Bellamy,
---thief; Deconrmissioningand{:aMory Braneh;Region I,.to-Mr-Donald A. Cool,
Director, Division of Industrial and Medical Nuclear Safety, Nuclear Material Safety and
Safeguards, requested Technical Assistance regarding the Heritage Minerals,Inc.,
Request for Extensi on of Decorrmrissioning-Proces s ;per'l Of'.f;R; 40. 42 Gre Exhibit
A.
The August 20 Memorandum addresses the composition of the Heritage Minerals,
Inc., (..HMI,,) material that IUSA proposes to transport through downtown, Moab, Utah,
and further south to IUSA,s white Mesa Mill. That Mill is located near Blanding in San
Juan county, utah. The August NRC Memorandum states:
Jeritage Minerals, lnc. (Heritage) is a Site Decommissioning
. Management Plan facility [nearLakehurst, New Jersey], with a license for
porr"Jrion, decontamination of land and facilities, and for packaging,
storage uoi tr*rf.r to authorized recipients of thoriated monazite-rich
product. Heritage is an SDMP site because of the long-term presence of
sand tailings that contain monazite sand. Monazite is a complex
J
phosphate of rare earth elements containing about 3.5 percent thorium
chemically bound with the rare earth phosphate. The monazite-rich sand
pile has been stockpiled at the site since 1987, and operations ceased in
1990 [emPhasis added].
NRC Staff plainly recognized, as of as long ago as August 1996, that a proper
technical description of the material that IUSA proposes to tansport through downtown,
Moab, Utatr is thoriated monazite-rich product. Various euphemisms have since
appeared which purport to characterize that thoriated product.
-
In the discussion below, the petitioner will replace euphemistic representations of
such thoriated product with a more accurate descriptive representation of such material,
i.e., thoriated monazite material. That substitution will be bracketed within the
quotations laid out below, as appropriate.
A. Pertinent Records Which Have Accrued to the Present Proceeding G99
chronolory and citations found at pages 1-3 above')
The July 17 FRN is both a notice of receipt of a license amendment request
(.Notice of Receipt of Request") and notice of an opportunity for hearing. The petitioner
will first address within III.A. the July l7 Notice of Receipt of Request. The Notice of
Receipt of Request from IUSA to amend Source Material License SUA-1358 is not a
proper notice. The July Notice of Receipt of Request improperly relies on euphemisms
where addressing thoriated monazite material :
o .,International Uranium (IUSA) Corporation [has requested] the [NRC] to amend its
NRC [Specific] Source Material License SUA-I358 ... to receive and process up to
Z,OOO cuUic yards of [thoriated monazite material] from the Heritage Minerals Site
[DocketNo. 40-8980] located in Lakehurst, New Jersey''(65 Fed. Reg. 44078)
o ..The Final Status Survey Plan ... includes the removal of a [thoriated monazite
material] pile for shipment oFsite. IUSA proposes to process the [thoriated
6
monazite material] for it's uranium content and dispose of the tailings in their tailings
cells." (65 Fed. Reg.44078)
..ruSA proposes to receive and process, for it's uranium content, [thoriated monazite
materiail that [is] being stored at the Heritage Minerals, Inc. (HMI) site in Lakehurst,
New Jersey. This site is regulated by the NRC under Source Material License SMB-
l54l and is in decommissioning. This [thoriated monazite material] consists of
monazite sands which were processed for heavy minerals (primarily titanium mineral
ilme4it9 by mechanical methscls wifino clre-rnical letrching or extraction. IIJSA
-irti*ut"r the amount of [thoriated monazite material] for this amendment request to
be up to 2000 [cubic yards]. HMI has estimated that the [thoriated monazite material]
has a uranium conteni of approximately 0.05 weight percent, or greater. ruSA has
. determinedthat{h€{Sori€*c4monazit@in-listed hazardous
waste as defined in the Resource Recovery and Conservation Act, as amended, 42
U.S.C. SECTION 6g0l-6ggL ruSA proposes to process the [thoriated monazite
material] in a similar manner to normal processing of conventional ore, either alone
or in combination with other approved altemate feed materials. (65 Fed. Reg. 44078).
I cannot find any discussion in the July Notice of Receipt of Request about the
actual nature of the material that IUSA proposes to transport through downtown Moab,
Utah. The NRC StaffNotice of Receipt of Request should have, but did not, contribute
to a sound record ofthe present proceeding.
etitionerrrAugust 9;2000,-Requesrfor Hearing states: -: -'- - --
o ..pursuant l0 C.F.R. Part2... I would hereby request a hearing in response to 'Notice
[of Receipt] of Request from International Uranium (ruSA) Corporation to Amend
3o*", U-ateriat License SUA-1358 to Receive and Process Altemate Feed Materials
...."' (August 9,2000, Request for Hearing, cited above, page l)'
o IUSA ..requested that the NRC allow IUSA's White Mesa Uranium Mill near
nianding, Utah, to receive and process up to 2,000 11bic yards of [thoriated monazite
materiaf from the Heritage Minerals, Inc. ('HMI') Site ...." (Page 1)
o ..There is a high probability that this requestor would be affected by the transport of
the{rtroriated monazite material] that is proposed to be transported ...." (Page 2)
r ..This requestor has the right not to be unnecessarily affected by the transport of the
[thoriatei monazite material] that is proposed to be transported """ (Page 3)
o ..Any possible adverse effects to this requestor.Uy ft: transportation of thc [thori{ed
mona,ite material] through Moab couldbe mitigated as a result of an order which
*igtt be issued in ttre context of a proceeding """ @age 3)
o And, ..The [thoriated monazite material] derive[s] from the remediation of one of
many NRC licensed SDMP facilities'" (Page 4)
'1
, petioner?s Request for Hearing, which was based on the July 17 Notice of Receipt of
nrq.r"r,, unfortun-ate-ly, couid not trave conttiffi-oTthe present
proceeding.
In a August 24,z}O},response to petitioner's August 9 Request for Hearing,
rusA presented arguments as to why that requested hearing should not be granted'
IUSA's opposition to the petitioner's Request for Hearing frequently refers to the
thoriated monazite material by way of various euphemisms and states that:
o The petitioner requested a hearing on a "pending request for a license amendment
authorizing ruSA to process up to 2,000-cubic yards of [thoriated monazite material]
...." (Page l)
o ..The [thoriated monazite material] is a monazite sand pile th4 qP bt removed from
the HMI Site pursuant to the Decommissioning Plan for the HMI Site under NRC
- - SourcEMarfn?il Licenss ;.:"- @age I )- --
o .,IUSA has requested a license amendment allowing IUSA to process this [thoriated
monazite material] at its White Mesa Mill near Blanding, Utatl'" (Page 1)
o .,fUSA proposes to process this [thoriated monazite material] forlts uranium content
*a airpori of the t itiogt in its tn-site permitted tailings cell'" @age 1)
o .jOn July 5, 2000, IUSA applied to ... receive and process the HMI [thoriated
monazite material] as alternate feed material at the Mill.' (Page 2)
o ..The pending license amendment concerns only IUSA's request to process up to
2,000 cubic y*ar iupp-ximately 3,000 tons) of qanium containing [thoriated
monazite materidjfrom the HIvII facility [emphasis added]." @age 7)
7
o ..The [thoriated monazite material] from the HMI facility currently is regulated as
source material." (Page 7)
. ..AII-lrya& associated with processing this tttrgri{ed monazite materiall will be
f f "<a Uyproduct material [emphasis added]"' @age 7)
-
Mos+jmpor{antly,{or-thepuryoses-herein,-ilshould be noted that the August 24
ruSA Response states that.'the nature and volume of thi [ttroriated monazite material] to
be processed, the nature and volume of tailings to be placed in IUSA's lined tailings cell,
and the amount of yellowcake to be produce d, all are within limits established by IUSA's
existing license [emphasis in original]"' @ages 7-8)
The August 24 ruSA Response relied upon euphemistic representations of the
-thoriated-monaziternaterial4roposed -to-be transported through downtown Moab, Utatt'
The IUSA Response could have, but did not, contribute to a sound record of the present
procegding.
The Secretary's August 2g,zooo,Memorandum to the NRC ASLBP Chief
Adrninistrative Judge indicated that a hearing request ** ,ub*itted in response to a
request of IUSA ,,for an amendment to this material license to receive and process
[thoriaded monazite material] from the Heritage Minerals Site''
In the August 31,2000, notice of Designation of Presiding Officer, the Chief
Administative Judge indicated that a request was filed in response to a July 5, 2000'
,"qrrrr, ton, ruSA to u*.na its source material-license to receive and process [thoriated
monazite material]."
q
NRC Staffs September 7,2000,board notification, addressed to the
Administrative Judges, referred to a request for hearing concerning the application of
IUSA'to amend its source material license to receive and process [thoriated monazite
material]."
The Sepember 12,2000, ALBP Presiding Officer's Order that scheduled the
September 14 Telephone Conference indicated that the proceeding involves a petition
and request for hearing with regard IUSA's application to allow its White Mesa Uranitrrr
Mill "to receive and process up to 2,000 cubic yards of [thoriated monazite material]."
The Secretary's August 29 Memorandum, the August 31 Designation of Presiding
Offrcer, the September 7 NRC Staffboard notification, and the September 12 Order
passed on the euphemisms contained in the record of the proceeding as it had accrued.
The Telephone Conference of September 14,2000, as reflected by a text
Transcript of that conference, reveals numerous euphemistic references to the thoriated
monazite material that is proposed to be transported through Moab, Utah, for processing
and disposal at the White Mesa Mill:
o .'The first thing that you have raised is that you live and work within a block of the
route through which you understand the trucks that will be transporting the [thoriated
monazite material] from New Jersey will be traveling. You have indicated that there
is a high probability that you would be affected by the transport of the [thoriated
monazite material] as a result of your proximity to the route." (Page 13)
o .'IUSA is not authorized by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, to receive,
possess or dispose of the - Heritage Minerals [thoriated monazite material]." (Page
14)
. ..I would like to ask you a few minutes to maybe clarify for me a little bit more what
you *. talking aboui when you refer to whether ruSA is authorized to receive,
iro..* or dislose of the Heritage [thoriated monazite material]." (Page 16)
. ..So, I guess that the three issues that you want to raise are your proximity to the
,out", Irra tfr. possible effects of the transporting of the [thoriated monazite material]
through that route on Highway l9l, whether ruSA is authorized to receive the
[thoriited-monazjte_rnarcrial]@e 1 8) _
. 6.And then getting back to the Heritage Minerals [thoriated monazite material], it
*igfrt be gJod uitfrir point to ask Judge Kelber_to share with both parties what he has
leaiaed about those, .in"" you raise the issue of the environmental assessment."
@age l8)
o ..It is an environmental assessment which has the conclusion that shipping the
[thoriated monazite material] from the site will not result in significant adverse
impact on the environment." (Pages 18-19)
. ..My concern is that the [HMI] [thoriated monazite materiat] derived from the
-r"*"diuti.r,
of onqofimany-licensed SDMP facilities." @age I 9)
,.The Heritage Minerals site is a titanium mine. I would not - the activity that was
p.ri"""ra h"ad nothine to do with nuclear materials except that there was uranium as
'u rort of byprod*t of the titanium mining [emphasis added]." (Page23)
..The Heritage Minerals of 1990, they had within their enclosures approximately 695
,rUi" y*ar in the site sand from which the titanium ore had been extracted. That
sand contains some thorium and some uranium [emphasis added]." @age 23)
o "The [thoriated monazite material] that would be-fhe transpofredIuough this
.o*.'*ity as it goes from New Jirsey, Lakehurst, New Jersey to ttre White 1vlesa
Uitt in Blandingis transported in truck and containers. There is the possibility for
,piii"g. There-has already been an accident, transportation accident involving
$iiifg of similar materials being transported between another facility and the White
Mesa facility." (Page 28)
"I am referring to whether or not the Atomic Energy Commission -- I mean the
Atomic Energy Act of lg54,as amendea, Atows fiitLit, the tansfer of this
it"ri",.a miiazite materiil to the White Mesa Mill for processing and disposal'"
(Page29)
/l
o "I do not believe that IUC presented all the information about ttre transport of the
[thoriated monazite material] between wherever it is going to be offJoaded and then
coming through Moab." @age 29)
r 'Nor do I believe that there was adequate information as to the nature of the
[thoriated monazite material] that is being transported." @age 30)
o "I believe that the nature of the [thoriated monazite material] being transported, that
t[er-eit<trfrriitely a pb-Ssibil of harrr
done,as this material is transported through this community." @age 30).
o "Do you have some reason to believe that the [thoriated monazite material] that
ditionaldanger?' -(P age
30)
o "There is danger from that [thoriated monazite material] as it is being transported."
@age 30)
o "I am talking about a potential, a potential of harm done by the transportation of the
[thoriated monazite material] between Lakehurst and White Mesa Mill ...." (Page
5/).
o "f would need to look at, is there anything different about what would be transported
under this license amendment from what is already being done under the existing
license." @age 33)
ffi f icenseamendilbnttttaf fJapffiaforwould-all,owIUSAtoTffi E jndditional
[thoriated monazite material] from the Heritage mill - the Heritage mine." @age 37)
o "So what I am asking you to do today is to tell me something to indicate that you
have some information that would show how the amendment itself would cause you
. an injury, how the new trucks bring in the [thoriated monazite material], specifically
frornHeritage Minerals, would cause you some particular injury." @age 39)
o ..I do feel that the [thoriated monazite material] that is being transported has - is
material that is unlike material which has previously been transported or disposed and
processed, and disposed of in the White Mesa Mill.' (Page 40)
o "But I do know that, 4s described in the application, I don't feel that they gave a full
and accurate characterization of this material." @age 40)
o .'...this [thoriated monazite material] contains a gleat deat of thorium. ln their
applicatlon they refer to it as uranium material. It is not just uranium material, it is
/J,
thorium, primarilv thorium material. I do not know if thorium material with a very
high ;;;;"t "f th"ttr* has ever transported - been transported on this' and I am
concerned with this [thoriated monaziie material]. And the more I learn about this
ii#;"d monazite materiall, the more concerned I get [emphasis added]"' (Page 40)
.,Do you have any information to suggest that thorium poses a new danger that would
be different than or greater than any possible danger, or potential danger?" (Page 41)
*l ao ,rot t are ttre data on all the material that is being transported through this
community. I do not know the picocuries per gram of thorium or uranium' or the
amount, the potential exposure ortnit [thoriated monazite.material] compared to
other material that has been transportei for processing and disposal. But -considering
that I do not believe the Atomic En"tgy Acf permits this material, and so I believe
that is harm done Ul"arse this lthoriated monazite material], which has a potential to
harm me, is being transported contrary to law"' @age 4l)
..You said that the Atomic Energy Act does not allow for the transfer of this
material." @age 4l)
,,I-am.referring-to the faet{hat-this dispssal:that the.uranium mills are for the
airloruf tt f eiZ)l byproduct m.1t9rial after this material is processed. I would argue
tnui mir material-is *t tf le.(2)l byproduct material." (Page 4l)
.,The specific question was raised about the thorium concentation, it is 2,000
picocnries of thorium-232pet gram'" (Page 42)
"L;1 ;;'*k v", irv", can be a little bit more specific about why -about the section,
tne specific section of the Atomic Energy Ac! that-would now allow for the transport
of tfrit particular [thoriated monazite material]'" @age 42)
"It would take a long time for my to lay this out and explain precisely why I do not
believe that this *#riJ is permitted to be processed and disposed of by ttre Atomic
Energy Act and NRC regulation'" (Pages 42'43)
,.If the NRC's regulations do not allow for the transportation and disposal ofthis
tt#;trd ;orr*r;t" rnut.riall, I believe that that is a threat, a realistic threat'' (Page
44)
..you would have to showthat there was a realistic threat of a concrete and
partic,rtarized inj,ry i;r;, thal wouldbe traceable to the amendment that is being
asked for by IUSA, h;;ng to do with the transport and processing of the Heritage
Minerals [tloriated monazite material]"' @age 44)
/3
.'The [thoriated monazite material] that [is] coming-from Heritage Minerals [is]
.rrrrriiary sand that has been tr"uLa bymechanical processes, including Savlty
separation, electromagnetic separation, no chemicals at all used in the mining process
io rr*or".the ilmanitE and lucite and things of those nature. It is basically sand that
t * "norgt uranium and thorium in combination to satisfy the definition of source
material i.drr the Atomic Energy Act, which is uranium and thorium, or any
-**Uia"+i*r+t.reof at colqgngqlons of 0O5 percent or greater. The estimated
--concentrationrof uranium in trrise ttrroiiatedrnonazite materidl is-ab-out o5 percent."
(Page 46)
o ..It is my understanding that the [thoriated monazite material] [is] loaded into
containerSthat6c-ffi dyou-kno-w;puronto-railroa*earsandbrough$outtobe*
offloaded to trucks and then transported to the site. It is typical of matelals that have
already in the past been transpordd in that fashion to the site'" @age 49)
o ..The [thoriated monazite material], in fact, there are - the [thoriated monazite
*ut"ria4 from Heritage Minerals 1is] probablv-more like ore that has been crushed,
conventional ore that tias already been crushed than anything else that - any other
a_lternate feed{rat IUe has-received'"- @age 49)'
o ..I believe that the thorium is a daughter product of uranium and thorium is found
along with natural uranium as a daightei product. And I don't believe that thorium in
tfri, iurti.utar material is elevated to any fevel of any particular concern compared to
conventional ores." @ages 50-51)'
o ..I could furth., substantiate the posiibility of hafr done by ttre transportation - of
potr.rtiA for harm done by the transportation of this [thoriated monazite material]."
(Page 5l)
o ..can you give me any insight into the type of additional information you could
p-rrii" wilh regard to ttre rl*" of the-fthoriated monazite material] that would be
tansported under the amendment?" (Page 52)
o ..I do not have the complete record of that docket for the Heritage [thoriated monazite
materiall. 11r. i;rilt; [thoriated monazite material] received anNRC license, but I
do not have an officiJrecord copy of that docket." (Page 53)
-- 'Therecord of the presentaroceeding-asit had accrued up until the September 14
Telephone Conference failed to adequately reveal the actual nature of the material that
rusA proposes to transport through downtown Moab, utatl. various euphemisms were
/1
employed by the Telephone Conference participants when referrin! to the thoriated
monazite material. Additionally, misinformation about such material was presented by
various participants at that September 14 Telephone conference.
---fhe_f+re qattelryonsidered at the September
14 Telephone Conference, states that the Telephone Conference was held in a case
concerning a petition and request for hearing with regardJUSAis-application "to receive
and process up to 2000 cubic yards of [thoriated monazite material] from Heritage
Minerals Site in Lakehurst, New Jersey'"
It appears that the Presiding Officer's September 18 Order might have issued
witrroutlen.rrt oi** to m. t"*t r.arrrrript of-theEeptem-Eer-l-4Telephone.
conference. The Licensing Board appears not to have reflected upon what had actually
occurred at the Telephone Conference. A reasonable person would expect an inquiry:
"Wait a minute, something's wrong with this picfire'"
B. Thorium ProgenY
The deception with respect the thoriated monazite material, exhibited in the FRN,
throughout the september 14 Transcript, and generally in the records that have accrued
thus far in the present proceeding, that eventuated in the Presiding Offrcer's September
18 Order, although untoward, is not rmexpected. The July 5, 2000, ruSA application for
an amendment to SUA-1358,(qltqd-b9loy), wlriqlS-ryqyt"d to be-considered in the
present proceeding (65 Fed. Rig. aa078), provoked such deception.
/5
That July application by way of, for the most part, its flagrant reticence with
respect thorium-th oium-232 and that parent isotope' progeny-would appear to
encourage the use of misleading euphemisms.
On July 5,2000, Ms. Michelle R. Rehmann, Environmental Manager,IUSA, sent
affi Ti-ngrBr4rtcEI:mef,EuelCvcle-andSafetyandSafeguardsBranch,
Division of Fuel Cycle Licensing, Offrce ofNuclear Material Safety and Safeguards,
NRC, sqbmittigg-LJuly 5, 2000, Request to Aqpud-S-ggqx Melpa4l Liqe{$S No' SUA-
1358, White Mesa Mill, DocketNo. 40-8681, prepared by IUSA, Denver, Colorado
(,Amendment Request"). The July 5 Amendment Request cover letter ("Cover Letter")
refers to and lists (page 3) the Attachments to the July 5 Amendment Request. The
AmeiidmmtREquest lists @fie.Table of co-ntents) and refers to the Attachments, which
are listed below:
..Attachment I -- HMI Site Location Maps, Volume Estimates, and Process History
Attachment 2 Uranium Content Estimates, Material Description, and Analytical
Data for Uranium Material
Attachment 3 IUSAruDEQ Protocol for Determining Whether Alternate Feed
Materials are RCRA Listed Hazardous Wastes
Attachment 4 HMI Affrdavit ConfirmingNo RCRA Listed Hazardous Waste in
Uranium Material
Attachment 5 Radioactive Material Profile Record
Attachment 6 Memorandum from lndependent ConsultantRegardingNo RCRA
Listed Hazardous Waste in Uranium Material
Atrachment T wtit" rur"r" rtr tn*pment Release/Radiological survey
Procedure"
/b
The cover Letter, the Amendment Request, and some of the Attachments to the
Amendment Request provide information regarding the composition of the thoriated
monazjte material. Those records, unfortunately, employ various euphemisms for the
thoriated monazite material that IUSA proposes to transport. More often then not, the
CoverletteramdAmendment Request refer tothe+horiated-msnaz'ite-rnat*id-as-
"Uranium Material.' The July 5 Cover Letter states:
---o-.{nternatisnal Uraniurn (UsAporporation{Tl IS A') hereby submits the enpleged
request to amend Source Material ii".rrrc No. SUA-1358 to authorize receipt and
p.o""rrirrg of a uranium-bearing [thoriated monazite material] resulting from the
iio."*i"i of natural sands for t}L recovery of the h9u't y mineralr ilmeyte. For ease
if reference, this [thoriated monazite material] is referred to herein as the 'Uranium
Material., The [thoriated monazite material] is currently stored at the Heritage
Minerals, lnc. ( HUI') site .... The [thoriated monazite material, referred to by HMI
as .monazite sand' is cunently reguiated as Source Material under Source Material
- -- tieenseNoJlvBlt[-issued-by-thellS' NR C"-@age I )
e ..During HMI's operation, the facility reprocessed the lightertailings fraction
,"*uiolrrg from ASARCd's operation for further recovery of heavy minerals, and
produced-an additional product, stored on site as [thoriated monazite material]. This
itt oriut"a monazite material] was licensed by NRC as source material in December
iggO ."r-T+rirror"ndmentrcquest-seeks authorization to process the_[thoriated
monazite material], referred ti herein as the Uranium Material, at IUSA's White
MesaMill('theUitt')asanalternatefeed'/ore'"@agesl-2)
o ..HMI estimates that the total volume of the [thoriated monazite material] is expected
to be approximately 1,000 cubic yards ("cy') .... Ilowever, due to the relatively
small quantity of this [tnoriut"a monazite material], this license amendment request is
for up io Z,OtiO Cy, to ensure that all of the [thoriated monazite material] is covered
by this amendment )' (Page 2)
.,HMI estimates that the [thoriated monazite material] has a uranium content of
approximately 0.05 p.r"int by weight -(0,-063erc1i Ul Oe ), or greater' for the entire
,ot*" of [thoriated monazite material]'' (Page2)
..The processing ofthe [thoriated monazite material] witl not increase the Mill's
production to eiceed the License Condition ... limit ... and the [thoriated monazite
'material] is similar phvsically and in content to the Mill's existing tailings"'"
@mphasis added.) @age 2)
o ..The disposal of the l le.(2) byproduct material resulting from pro-cgssing the
ltf,oriuGE--onazitemateriall rvill not chanse the gharacteristics of the Mill tailings
from the characteristics associated with normal milling operations." @mphasis
added.) (Page?)
The July 5 Amendment Request per se states:
@ion reqffi NRCSowesMaffi a License lffi uA-
igss to ulto* rusaio process [thoriated monazite material] and dispose of the
associated l le.(2) byproduct material """ @age 1)
@ting an amendment-to-ailrlrorize-r€ceipt and processing of certain
uranium-contuini"ilthoriated monazite material] resulting from the processing of
natural sands for th1 extraction of heavy minerals, primarity the titanium-bearing
mineral, ilmenite. For ease of referenci, the [thoriated monazite material] t:t"q"g
from this process, and described further below in Section l.l, is referred to herein as
the .Uranium Material'. The [thoriated monazite material] is located at Heritage
Mineral Corporation,s ('HMI;s') facility in Lakehurst, New Jersey ('the Lakehtrst
facility')"' @age 1)
associated l le.(2) byproduct material """ @age 1)
o .,The [thoriated monazite material] will be transported by HMI or its transportation
contractor from the Lakehurst facility to the Mill. The [thoriated monazite material]
is currently stored in a tailings pile at this facility .... The [thoriated molazite
materiall ii cunently regulated as Source Material by the U.S. NRC." (Page 1)
;-*puring HMI's operation, the facility rdfiocessed ttie lifhter tailings-ffaction
remaini-ng mm aSeRCd's operation for further recover[y] of heavy minerals, and
proar""a'* additional product, stored on site, and known as 'monazite sand', which
subsequently was licensed by NRC as Source Material in December of 1990. HMI
t * pr.prr"d a Final Status S.r*.y Plan ('Decommissioning Plan') for termination of
ttre site s NRC license. The Plan includes removal of the [thoriated monazite
material] pile and shipment for off-site management." (Page 2)
o ..filVII has requested that ruSA recycle the [thoriated monazite material], and has
asked that we submit this amendment requeit. HMI estimates that the total volume of
[thoriated monazite material] is expected to be approximately 1,000 cubig yards
t.Cy,) or 1,500 tons .... However, given the relatively small quantity of [thoriated
monazite materiJl, this requeif foi-amendment is for apprwal of up to-2,000 CY
fappoximately 3,0-dO tons) of [thoriated monazite material], to ensure ttrat all the
itfroriut.a monazite material] is covered by this amendrnent." @age 2)
/Y
..HMI has estimated that the [thoriated monazite material] has a uranium content of
approximately 0.05 weight percent (0.06 percent Us Oe ), or greater." (Page 3)
..The [thoriated monazite material] resulted from the physical processin-g-of natt[al
sands .... Hence the feed material, and the [thoriated monazite material] fraction,
were never in contact with any organic chemicals at any time during processing. The
[thoriated monazite material] was stored in a separate tailings pile ... the [thoriated
monazite material] pile was placed directly on natural soils ... the [thoriated monazite
;tGriall hasT-d no contact witffi s-iE Soils." (Page 5)
..All components of the [thoriated monazite material] are blproducts lom the
physical irocessing of sands... the [thoriated monazite material] will.b: sSf.eSate{,
may be
at the site." @age 5)
*HMI has completed IUSA's RMPR [Radioactive Material Profile Record] form
...." @age 6)
..The [thoriated monazite material] contains metals and other constituents that
already are present in the Mill tailings disposed of in the Cell 3 impoundment.-ffi df theTthoriated rnonazite materiall is very similar to the
;*p"rttt;n of the materials currently in the Mill's tailings impoundments, because
the [thoriated monazite material] resulted from the processing of nahrral ores in which
no chemical leaching or solvent extraction occurred, and will not have an adverse
impact on the or"rulf Cell 3 tailings composition [emphasis added]. (Page 6)
aThe ttffiiiled monaziG materiall'is-other mitter' w!i9Ewi-tl be processgd qrimarily
for itJsource material content in alicensed uranium mill, and therefore qualifies as
orr' *d"t this definition [emphasis added]." (Page 7)
..As stated above, site history and available data indicate that recoverable uranium is
pr.r*t in the [thoriated monazite material] pile. HMI has estimated that uraniun
'content is appioximately 0.047 weight percent (0.056 percent Us Os ), or greater.
This value was derivea-UV UUt from a weighted average of composite sample data
[emphasis added].' @age 8)
..ln addition to other financial considerations, IUSA will commit contractually to
pro..5 the [thoriated monazite material] at the Mill for recycling of uranium in
ionsideration of receiving a recycling fee." (Page 8)
..The [thoriated monazite material] *ill be shipped by rail in intermodal containers.
fn lttori"ted monazite material] witl be loaded onto covered, exclusive-use
.ontuin"rr .... The [thoriated *orruzit" material will be shipped as Radioactive LSA
/?
(low specific activity) Hazard Class 7 Hazardous Material as defined by DOT
i"gutations. HMI will anange with a materials'handling contractor fot 99 proPer
laiefing, placarding, manifesting and transport of each shipment of the [thoriated
*orr*ii" -aterial]. Each shipment will be 'exclusive use' (i.e., the only material on
each vehicle will be the [thoriated monazite material]." (Pages 8-9)
o .,It is not expected that transportation impacts associated with the movement of the
[thoriated monazite material] by train and truck from Lakehurst to the Mill witl be
significant." (Page 9)
o ..... (i.e., no other material will be on the vehicle with the [thoriated monazite
materiall)." (Page 9)
o .,The containers and trucks involved in transporting the [thoriated monazite material]
to the Mill site will be surveyed and decontaminated, as necessary ...." @age 9)
o ..The [thoriated monazite material] will be added to the Mill circuit .... The [thoriated
*on#t. material] will be either dumped into the ore receiving hopper ...." (Page 9)
o ..Mill employees involved in handling the [thoriatedmonazite material] will be
provided with personal protective equipment, including respiratory protectiorl as
required." @age l0)
o ..The [thoriated monazite material] will be delivered to the Mill .... The [thoriated
*orrurit. material] will be introduced into the Mill circuit." @mphasis added.)
@age l0)
o ..IUSA does not anticipate unusual or extraordinary airborne contamination
dispersion when handling and processing the [thoriated monazite material]- ruSA
-also does-notanticipate-unusualradonjas-accumulation orradon exposure from
storing o, pror.rririg the [thoriated monazite material]. The contamination potential
is exp-ected to be comparable to what is normally encolntered when handling or
processing conventional uranium ore [emphasis added]." @age l0)
o ,,The [thoriated monazite material] is a dry sand with particle sizes ranging from 20 to
270 mesh. The efficiency of airborne contamination control measures during the
[thoriated monazite material] handling operations rvill be assessed while the
[tnoriutra monazite materialj is in stockpile .... Airborne particufate samples and
-ireathing zone sampleS will-be-collected-in-those areas during initial [thoriated
monazitJmaterial] processing activities and analyzed for gross alpha. The results
will establish healih and safety guidelines, which will be implemented throughout the
[thoriated monazite material] processing operations." @age 10)
20
. ..HMI wil contractuauy require IUSA to recycle [thoriated monazite material] at the
ftfiff pti**ity for tre rlcovery of uranium [emphasis added]'" (Page 12)
o ..The Licensee is in the process of entering into a contract with HMI (the 'Material
Supplier,) under which'the Licensee will irocess.certain [thoriated monazite material]
....Basedonme**io*content,financialconsiderations,andotherconsiderations
surrounding th" ttilated monazite material] and the processing transaction, the
Jieenseelereby-cerfin t-*aom*ts-that ttre,lttroriatea monazite material] is being
-:processed primarily for the recovery of urarfrum and-fOr no otherprimary ptt4tose"'
@age 13)
o .,The Licensee further certifies and affirms that the [thoriated monazite material] as
-ftilmate-feedto"a-liseme&u-anfu
rmiil js@sted-
hazardous **t .... The Licensee is obtaining the [thoriated monazite material] as an
altemate feed...." @age 13)
It should be noted that nowhere in the July 5 Cover Letter or in the July 5
Amendment Request beyond the Request's Attrachments, is there any mention of the fact
tnut tfr" **riJ tfru*ruSe-p.upotoJu+""tp"tE*"o"Ett downtown Moab' Utah' and
process and dispose of at the white Mesa Mill contains source material thorium'
Nowhere is there anv mention of thorium progeny or of the total source material content
of the, so-call€d, "Uranium Material." Not until the Attachments to ttre Amendment
Request (see page 15, above) is there any discussion of thorium or thorium progeny'
Notwithstanding, the pertinent information in the Attachments about the thoriated
monazite material is woefully incomplete and not readily accessible'
The IUSA cover Letter and Amendment Request should have, but did not,
contribute to a sound record ofthe present proceeding.
TheAmendmentRequestGage2)referstoHMl,sFinalStatusSrrrveyPlan:
..The Plan includes removal of the monazite sand pile and shipment for offisite
2l
management.', Attachment I of the Amendment Request contains the Final Status Survey
plan for License Termination of Heritage Minerals, NRC License # SMB-I541 ("Status
Survey plan,'). (However, the Status Survey Plan is not listed in the table of table of
contents of Attachment 1, as such contents appear in the Amendment Request on page 2.)
ftre Status SurveY Plan states:
o ,.One of the commercial minerals produced by HMI, [thoriated] monazite [material],
contains thorium and uranium. Possession of this material, when greater than 0.05%
by weight, is a licensed activity regulated by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission
ClfnCl] Tlis document presents a plan for proper removal of licensed material and
r"*.y of the site to dem-onstrate that the property and equipment is suitable for
license termination and release for unresticted use'" @age 1)
o ,.Samples of the [ttroriated] msnaz.ifs pile analyzed by Teledyne Isotopes in April of
t990, indicateRa-226,Pb:2l4,and Bi-214, all [progeny] in the uranium series, to be
*sqql&alq Likewise, three [progenyJ il th: thorium series, Ac-228,Pb-212, md
ft-Zb8+r/erejgwrd-to bejn-iquitilirilmJhisdatajsrsed-tosupporlthe assumption
that all natural series decay chains are in equilibrium." @age 2)
o ,.The process flow diagram (Figure I) identifies the movement, separation, and
enrichment of the various product streams through the Mills. The diagram follows
th*r*."t"rial (ASARCO sands) to the finished product streams (zircon, leucoxene,
rutile, and monazite) and mill tailings. Each process step represents a fu{ner
enrichment in Thorium and Uranium since these elements follow the product stream
and are removed with the [thoriated] monazite [material] io !b" final process
separation {ernphasisaddedl--@age 4}
o ,.Each step enriches the process stream in the product, ttrorium and uranium are
typically 1nor" .on.entrated at the end, than at the beginning of each process step
[emphasis added]." (Page a-5)
o ..It is estimated that the unprocessed sand deposits contained about 3 ppm Th+U
(180/60=3)" @age C 4)
o ,.Some variations on the above-described process were tested and incorporated in the
plant operations .... A third variation, which was dictated by the NRC during the
iicerrsing process, involved isolating the [thoriated] monazite-rich magnetic product
in u rrpirutr holding area rather then combining it with the other tailings .... The
[ttroriated] monazitirich magnetics were stored separately in an area southeast of the
22
dry mill. This is the area known as 'the Monazite pile' [emphasis added]." @age c
6)
o ..During the final 30 days of operation, the [thoriated] monazite-rich sand was stored
in 55-gillon steel drum; instead of being pumped 1o the [thoriated] mo-nazite pile'
This was in anticipation of shipping thelthoriatedl monazite [material] offsite to
another processing facility.' @age C 7)
. fErrear-a-ffiingsTftTz'rrcon' leucoxene'
rutile, and mon#ieJ during which the [thoriated] monazite [material] was isolated in
the Monazite pile resulted In further improvement in the condition of the site through
froducing about 150,000 tons of tailings that wgre yi.rtually monazite free "" As a
#"qre]nce of this?raetie*Pproximately'695-eubi'e+aras44OOtons)-of
itt oriut"a] monazite-rich product were generated and are stored in the Monazite Pile'
The Monazite Pile, as wei as the ptant Uuitaings, are rurder the control of the NRC
u""o'aing to the terms of License No. SI-vIB.l54l., @age C 7)
The Status Survey Plan does not contain explicit references to the bases of the
informati-on-frorn-whiehtheplarwasd€riv€4-+€+o+he-natur€-of-thelhoriated monazite
pile, the Status Survey Plan only acknowledges that it contains thorium and uranium
greater that 0.05% by weight, and that ka-22:6,Pb-214, and Bi-214, progeny of the
.,uranium [238]-series'and#ica 28,Pb'212;,and41-208,-progenyin the='thorium l'2321
series" are in equilibrium.
The Status Survey Plan is deceptive in that it misleads, by way of material
omission. The status swvey plan fails to adequately characterize the thoriated monazite
material which is proposed for "shipmentlinter a/ia, through downtown Moab to the
white Mesa Mill] for off-site managemenf'and, more importantly, lacks an informative
discussion of uranium-23 8, uranium-23 5, and thorium-Z32 progeny'
23
The Amendment Request lists as part of Attachment 1, an NRC September 1,
lggg,Federal Register Notice (FRN) entitled Environmental Assessment, Finding of No
Significant Impact, and Notice of Opportunity for Hearing for Remediation of the
Lakehurst, NJ Site, Docket No. 40-8980, Volume 64, Number 169, pages 4787247877
:(64TtrReg3?872): This FRN provides some information regarding the nature of the
thoriated monazite material. The September 1, 1999, FRN states
o ..Thelicense-authorizesJ{Mlio4ossessat-anyone.timLamadmum sf 3-00,0 kg of
uranium in the form of natural uranium as monazite and 15,000 kg of thorium in the
form of natural thorium as monazite." (64 Fed. Reg' 47872)
o .,Direct garnma exposure rates at ground level and I meter above the surface were
reporteifor the monazite pile .... Average monazite pileperimeter readings ranged
between 300-1700 microMg up to 2000 microMr.... The highest exposure rates
were measured on storage drums [containing thoriated monazite material] located
inside+he+ecud.ty fencesurrour.rdingthe pile,..at levels-up toJOOO microR/tr." (64
Fed. Reg. 47872,47874)
o *Only soil in the monazite pile was measured above licensable source material
qu*iiti"q and showed total concentrations of Ra-226 arrdRa'228 up to 1376 pCi/gm
-[emphaus added]." (64 Fed. Reg.47872,47874)
The September 1, lggg,FRN (64 Fed. Reg. 478?2 and 64 Fed. Reg. 47872,
47g74)brings forward the fact that HMI is authorized to possess "3000 kg of uranium in
the form of natural uranium" and 15,000 kg thorium in the form of natt[al thorium."
And, that only the soil in the thoriated monazite material pile showed total concentration
of Ra-226and Ra-228 (mesothoriqrn) up to 1376 picocuries per gram.
-_@ !ep!g!qt er l999IBNf9qt: to F,9 uranium-238 and thorium-232 decav
series. ftri tqgg FRN announcg_the presence of the progeny "Ra-226" and *Ra-228".
Such an announcement hints that the thoriated monazite material, which ruSA proposes
:4
to be transported through downtown, Moab, Utah, contains, beyond uranium-238 and
thorium-232, isotopes of the uranuium-238 and thorium-232 decay series. However,
such a brief glimpse of the pertinent progeny, does not meaningfully contribute to a
sound record in the present proceeding.
The Amendment Request (at page 2) refers to Attachment 2, as containing
.oHMlrsradiolo gical.data summaries{Solidsl @, monazite
material]". By its title, "Attachment 2-Uranium Content Estimates, Material
Description, and analyical Data for HMI Monazite," I would assume that Attachment
would contain a rather complete, reliable characterization of the thoriated monazite
,--rnaterid,-T&isis-neHhe-ease-^A.,fiachment2 consists ofJwo-pagres-nf sketchy, hand-
written notes entitled "II. Solids Analysis (Th and U)" and "III. Solids Analysis
@aditrm)". For "Monazite Waste" the thorium content is 0.539%, and the uranium
-contentis004.H-:-
Attachment 2 does not reveal the source of the data utilized in its complication
beyond stating that it is "HMI's radiological data summaries." Attachment 2 could have,
but did not, contribute to a sound record ofthe present proceeding.
The Amendment Request ( pages 5 and 6) discusses Attachment 5, the
Radioactive Material Profile Record ltrRl*14t1- The Amendment Request states that a
,."opy of the RMPM was prepared by HMI for ruSA.' The RMPM consists of a form
completed by a senior health physicist for Radiation Science, Inc., and indicates that the
25
waste stream being profiled is monazite sand from Heritage Minerals, Inc., Lakehust,
New Jersey. The RMPR, under "Radiological Evaluation" (page 2), indicates that for the
isotope thorium-232,there are 1,190 picocuries per gram (pci/g) and for the isotope
uranium-238 there are 208 picocuries per gram. The RMPR lists the amount of Ra-226
-- m-lt6-picoc.uries-per -as-f190aicoeuriesaer€ram,
which, hopefully, adds up to l,3T6picocuries per gram (see discussion of the September
l, l999lRD[-on+ages'? anrl ^4, ahove)'
The Radioactive Material Profile Record could have, but did not contribute to a
sound record in the present proceeding.
C. Summation
As-hasieen sho.wn.in the quotes above,sincejhe-outset of the present proceeding,
there has been an effort to tilt reality. There has been disingenuous deception. There has
bgen the purposeful, or, at times, inadvertent, use of euphemisms to describe the thoriated
morrarite material. The deception has been maintained by the presentation of erroneous,
misleading, and incomplete information regarding the characteristics of the thoriated
monazite material. Some of this misinformation will be discussed below.
This tilting of rgality, with regard the characteristics of the thoriated monazite
material, directs attention away from any accurate, meaningful discussion of or
consideration of, the source material thorium and thorium Progeny content of the
thoriatedmo wazitematerial that IUSA proposes to transpor.t through downtown Moab,
Utah, and process and dispose of at the White Mesa Mitl. Such tilting of reality affects
any consideration of the questions that this petitioner will address below.
26
IV. Naturally Occurring Radioactive Substances
A. Uranium, Thorium, and Actinium Decay Series
NuclearandRadiochemistry,SecondEdition,byGerhartFriedlander,etal',page
8, states:
Uranium,Thorium,andActiniumseries.Allelementsforrndin
natural,o*",,withatomicnumbergreaterthan83(bismuth)are.uceessive@
species in one ,rlf, "Uuin
constitute a radioactive family or series' Tbree
of these fu*iti", include all the natural activities in this region of the
periodic chart. One has Ur (mass 238 on the atomic weight scale) as the
parent substance, and aftei i4 transformations (8 of them by alpha-particle
emission;d a;ybeta-particle emission) reaches a stable end product
radium G ab"d #*, **t 206);this is tt"ql^ *.tht *ry"* :-:les (which
includes,udio*anditsdecayproducts).Since.theatomicmassls fone-
unit in u"t a."uv, the various **rlr found in members of the famity
differ by;Jiip[s of 4, and a general lorm1la for the approximate masses
is 4n + 2, where n is an integerl Therefore the uranium series is known
also as the ai* 2 series. Figure l-l shows the members and
traqsformations of the ruanium series'
-Thoori-nm-i**r 232)isthe parent substance of the 4n,ot thorium
series, with lead of mass 208 as the stable end product' This series is
shown in rrgrue l -2. The 4n * 3, or actinium,- series has actino-uranium'
AcU (uranilun of mass 235), * ih" parent and lead of mass 207 as the
stableendproduct.Thisseriesisshowninfigrrrel-3.
The quote above is being utilized by petitioner as an introduction to the charts
containedinNuclearandRadiochemistr.v. SeeExhibitB l"'Fig' l-1 Theuranium
series.,,(page 9),..Fig. l-2 The thorium Seiies." (page l0), and "Fig' l-3 The actinium
seriCi." (page I l).
27
The Leachabilitv of Radium-226 from Uranium Mill Waste Solids and River
Sediments, by Samuel David Shearer, Jt.,l962,page4, states:
Radium occurs in each of the three naturally occurring radioactive
decay series. These three series are the uranium, thorium, and actinium
series, and are presented in Figures 1, 2, and 3. Only the main branches
have been shown. From these decay series it is noted that there are four
@adi@Wd+adium-
228. Eachof these is an alpha emitter with the exception of radium-228
which is a beta emitter [emphasis added.].
In natural uranium ores only the actinium and tranium series are
_ generally present. The pargrtt q-_f the uranium-radium family, U-238 occurs
to the extent of 99.28 per cent, whereas U-235,the parent of the uranium-
actinium family occurs to the extent of 0.71 per cent in natural tuanium
[emphasis added].
This quote is being utilized by petitioner as an introduction to the charts contained
in The_Leaeh-abiliqy of Radium-226 from Uranium Mill Waste Solids and River
Sediments. See Exhibit B 2, "Figure 3 Uranium Decay Series" Gage 7), "Figure 2
Thorium Decay Series" (page 6), and "Figure I Actinium Decay Series" (page 5).
For convenience and reference, enclosed are "Table PN-I. Uranium Series
Nuclides (4n +2)" Gage 3), "Table PN-2. Thorium Series Nuclides (4n) (page 4), and
,.Table PN-3. Actinium Series Nuclides (4n +3) Gage 5), from Radioactivitv and Healttt:
A History, by J. Newell Stannard, October 1988, DOE/RL/01830-T59, pages 3 and 4.
(See Exhibit B 3.)
,--: !'ftadium, a historical introduction", by A.R. -V/illiams and R.J. Kirchmann, page
l, in The Environmental Behavior of Radium, Vol. 1, Technical Reports Series No. 310,
International Atomic Energy Agency, Viennq 1990, states:
Radium is element number 88 in the Periodic Table and it belongs to
Group IIA, the alkaline earttr metals. Twenty-five radiurr- isotopes have
been identified, each with a different number of neutons in its nuclets,
but the most abundant among the naturally occurring isotoPes are zh'a, an
alpha emitter with a half-life of 1600 years, *d "'Y (mesothorium), a
beta emitter with a half-life of 5.8 years. They are *ugt t"tt of the most
abundant naturally occuning isotopes of uranium ("tU) and thorium
(rrrTh), respectivily. These two isotopes of radium are also the most
radiotoxic [emPhasis added]."
October
e8"
I 988, DOE/RU0I 830'T59, states:-__--- -
In table 4.2,theelements of the thorium series are shown. Table 4.3
shows the uranium series. The contrast in properties of the two series is
immediately apparent. All daughter products of ""Th have relatively
short halfJir"s, *a the parent has a very long half'life. Thtrs, in contrast
to the sitgation in the uranium series, rapid changes in activity will occur
*tU tirn" if work is begun with thorium separated from the daughters' In
thCEitra6onoTih-orfirmli-omoresor,ft oma:nixturcinsecular
equilibrium, the a2Th and 28Th staytogetht Td-*. separated from the
,uii.r*, u.tirri*, polonium, thoror5 bismuth, thalligm, and lead isotopes.
But these immediately begin to reapPear with a time course of gross
radioactivity like that shown in figure 4.7. lPage235l
TA81"E 13-The Thorium Serlcc
Energy (MeV)
90 thorium
E8 radium
89 roinium
90 thorium
E8 radium
85 rrdbn
El polonium
E2lerd
E3 bismuth
E{ polonium
at rhallium
E2lerd
1.40 r 10ro y
6.7 y
6.13 h
. 1.91y'
3.6a d :.!
55s
' 0.16 r
10.6 h
60.5 m
300 nt
3.1 m
,1.(X)
o.oi
1.11
1,79
Istablcl
23
30
u
5
0.05
0.90
0.oE
0.2a
,trTh
,IRr
0.238 El0.(x v
2.62 1(l0
,IAc
,raTh
zr.Rl
lnRn
ruPo
nrPb
nrBi
n2Po
r0rrl
l0.Pb
5.43
'5.68
6.z)
6.78
0.36
6.05 Lm
8.78
Source: Rcsct from tapp rnd Andrewr 1971 Rcprintcd with pcrmisrlon of Prentlce-Hrl!, lnc., Englc'
wood Ctlffr, New tcrccy, copyrlght 19lL
2?
TABLE a.a The Uranium Series
Energy (MeV)
Percent
f
92 uranium :XU 4.5 x 10r y 1.2
u.r9
0.048
0.09
23
1
0.6
2E
21
1
Y
I
47
0.01'f
0.001
-90 tnonum rrtln 24.'l o
91 protoaoinium
92 uranium
90 thorium
rxPa 1.17 m:xU 2.5 x 10r y 4.8:roTh E.0 r 10. y 4.8
5.49
6.00
0.65
5.5 1.5
7.7
0.016
2.29 1.0
0.05
0.068
0.1E5
0.5
0.2a
0.61
0.E
0.u5
0.80 -
E6 radon
&4 polonium
E2 lead
E3 bismuth
&4 polonium
E2lead
E3 bismuth
xrf,n 3.82 dztrPo 3.05 mrt.Pb 26.E mr.Bi 19.7 mr.Po 160psroPb 21y
rci
82lead
rroPo 'l3o d
2o.Pb
5.30
Istablel
Source: Reret lrom lapp and Andrews 1972. Reprinted with permission'of Prentice.Hall, Inc.,
Inglewood Cliffr, New lerrey, copyrighr 1972.
30
lo'103 10'lo.lor1o'
Seconds
Days I 5 lO
Weeksl 2 4 8 16 32 52
lrr
Years 1 2 468lO203050
I r I lrt I I I
flGURt 4.7. Radioactive "decay" of :rrTh plus ::rT[ showing changes ih gross activaty
with time. (Redrawn from F. L. Cuthbert 195E, Ihorium Production fech-
nology, p. 2a6. Reprinted with permission of Addison-Wesley Publishing
Co., lnc., Menlo Park, California, copyritht 1958.)
I
In addition, thorium isotopes occur in the other naturally occurring
radioactive series. Two of thim, 234Th and 230Th, occur in the uranium
-series;two others,23lfh and 227Th, occur in uranium minerals as members
of the 235U decay chain (the actinium series). Thus, if a source such as
monazite sand is used. the build-up of dauehter activity can be
exceedingly complex, as shown in figure 4.8 [emphasis added]. [Page2371 \
3t
Timr. Dtyr
flGURt a.E. Daughter Coiviry build-up from:r.Th, rtrTh,2tdTh, and uTTh pr33cnt in 1 mc. of thorium obtained from lndian monazite. Broken lines aie continuationof curves on scale lo. to 10r (shown at top of graph). (Rcdrawn from
F. L. Cuthbert 1958, Thorium Producaion Technology, p.2$, Reprintcd with
permission of Addison-Wesley publishing Co., lnc., Menlo parli, Californie,
copyrighr 195E.)
In the strict sense and in contrast to natural uranium, there is really no
specific entity with more or less constant and predictable isotopic
composition present in thorium ores ihat we can call 'natural thorium.'
Table 4.4 ... shows the 'natural' thorium isotopes, their specific activities,
and the series in which they belong. [Page 238]
lo'rdrdto
n. _-",{,,
'3ll1rv 'y
5a
TABtt {.{. Thorium lsotopes of the Natural Radioactive Series
Specific Activity Related Natural
Nuclide Half-life ld/m/gl Series
22rTh 1.910 yr 1.82 x 10rtrlrTh 1.41 x 10t0 yr 2.43 x 10s thorium
' 2!oTh E.00 x 1s yr 4.32 x 1010. rt Th 24.10 day 5.14 x 1013 uranium
. tD"fh -- 18.2 day-- 6.E6 x 1013., ut11t 25.52 hr 1.20 x 10rt actinium
. Sourcc.. Rerer from Hursh 1971. Reprinted with permirrion of Pergamon Pres3, ttd., Elmtlord, New' York, copyright t97,1.
Thorium ores contain varying amounts of U3Os, which can contribute
varyilg amounts of 234Th and BoTh, and also a5U, the precursgl gf 'l'nand"'Tr. These several components could hardly be expected to be.in
consistent ratio in ores of different origins. They obviously should vary in
activity with time after preparation, and there is no 'natural thorium'
analogous to 'natural uranium.' [Page 239]
fu, also, Exhibit C.
B. Summation
As indicated above in the various discussions of the naturally occurring
radioactive isotopes that participate in the uranium, thorium, and actinium decay series,
the thoriated monazite material, which is prolosed to be transported through downtown
Moab, Utah, must necessarily entail an "exceedingly complex", and, as it happens, for the
most part, unfathomable "build-up of progeny activity." Radiotoxic activity.
33
It has been necessary above to go to various standard reference sources beyond
the docket of the present proceeding. Would respectfully request that the Presiding
Officer take official notice of such cited sources with respect the actual nature of the
thoriated monazite material.
V. Questions to be Promptly Considered in the Present Proceeding
A, Introduction
As stated above (pages 3 and 4) the petitioner has respectfrrlly requested that
certain questions be allowed to be promptly considered in the present proceeding. Thus
far, the question which pervasively underlies such pertinent questions, i.e., Where does
deception lie on the record ofthe present proceeding?, has been addressed. See pages 4-
25, above.
Given that bases presented above (the quotations and the reference material),
petitioner will below, considering such bases, confront the overlying, specific questions
offered above (see page 3).
B. Does the Record of the Present Proceeding Exhibit IYRC StaffUnconsidered
Disregard for my Health and Safety and the Environment?
As has beenpreviously stated, a July 17,2OOO,NRC StaffFederal ResisterNotice
Qisted and cited above, pages 1-2, and discussed above, pages 5-6) noticed the receip of
IUSA's July 5,2000, license amendment application. That FRN, of necessity, would
dictate those issues that would be allowed to be considered in the present proceeding.
The July FRN laid out descriptions of the issues which are being offered for
adjudication: Whether or not ruSA should be permitted to "amend its NRC Source
-5r
Material License SUA-1358, to allow its White Mesa Mill near Blanding, Utatr, to
receive and process up to 2000 cubic yards of alternate feed material from Heritage
Minerals site located in Lakehurst, New Jersey;" Whether or not ruSA should be
permitted to process the material for its uranium content and dispose of the tailings in
their tailfifs cells;" and'Whether or not thsNRC should "amend Materials License SUA-
1358 to allow receipt and processing of material other than natural uranium ore (i.e.,
altematefeed material)-at its White MesaUr-anium Mill located near Blanding, Utah," in
response to IUSA's "submittal dated July 5,2000.'
Commission regulations, implementing the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as
amended lay out License requirements in l0 C.F.R. 40.3, which states:
A person subject to the regulations in this part may not receive title
to, own, receive, possess, use, transfer, provide for long-term care, deliver,
or dispose of ... any source material after its removal from its place of
deposit in nature, unless authorized in a specific or general license issued
by the Commission under the regulations in this part.
.
The Atomic Energy Act of 1954,-as amended;.and Commission regulations define
source material as l) uranium or thorium, or any combination thereof, in any physical or
chemical form or 2) ores which contain by weight one-twentieth of one percent (0.05olo)
or more of uranium, thorium, or any combination thereof.
Commission regulations at l0 C.F.R.40.51(a) state:
No licensee shall transfer sowce or byproduct material except as
authorized pursuant to this section.
I 0C.FR. 40.5 I (c) states:
Before tansferring source or byproduct material to a specific licensee
of the Commission ... the licensee transferring the material shall veriff that
3{
the transferee's license authorizes receipt of the type, form, and quantity
of source or byproduct material to be transferred.
To my knowledge, IUSA's License No. SUA-1358 does not authorize IUSA to
receive any type, form, or quantity of source material thorium. Apparently, NRC Staff
has not suggested that IUSA seek authorization for the receipt of any t5pe, form, or
quantity of source material thorium. To my knowledge, IUSA's license does not
authorize IUSA'1o receive title to, own, receive, possess, use, transfer, or dispose of'the
Heritage Minerals, Inc., (or any other) source material thorium at its White Mesa Mill.
Apparently, NRC Staffhas not suggested that ruSA seek authorization to "receive title
to, own, receive, possess, use, transfer, or dispose of'the HMI source material thorium at
its White Mesa Mill.
The NRC StatrFRN failed, in any manner whatsoever, to indicate that IUSA's
license should be amended to authorize the receipt, possession, use (processing) transfer,
or direct disposal of source material thorium-thorium-232 and that parent isotope's
radiotoxic progeny-at IUSA's White Mesa Mill. Apparently, NRC Staff, the authors of
the July 17 FRN, did not, could not (but should have) recognized the fact that the July 17
FRN did not indicate that IUSA's license would need to be further specifically amended
for such unauthorized activities eventuating in the direct disposal of source material
thorium-thoitm-232 and such progeny-in an l le.(2) byproduct material
impoundment. ln fact, although the NRC Staffacknowledged the fact that the HMI
thoriated monazite material contained approximately 0.05% uranium, i.e., source material
uranium, the NRC Staffdid not even acknowledge, in the FRN, the significant fact that
36
the HMI thoriated monazite material contained approximately 0.535%thorium, i.e.,
source material thorium.
These omissions discussed above show a willful, negligent disregard of
Commission regulations by NRC Staff. Such NRC Staffdisregard for Commission
@ r
NRC Statrfor this petitioner's health and safety and the environment.
NRC Staffnotified the Administrative Law Judges by a Sepember 7,2000,letter
(listed and cited above, pages 2-3) that they would not be participating in the present
proceeding. Apparently NRC Staffwas completely satisfied with the appropriateness and
completeness oftH{oticeo@-allowed'by theJuly 17 FRN. To my
knowledge that FRN has not been supplemented.
TteJ-ul-yf 7;2-000-.;FRN'i'Noticeof Recff-ofRequesrcffi ed6'5e-tpublic
notice particularly directed lo, inter alia, an interested perso& such as myself. That
notice talks about a July 5, 2000, application, which is cited and listed (pages 2-3) and
discussed (pages 14-25) above.
Notwithstanding an indication that an interested person could contact NRC Staff
for "further information", the July 17 FRN did not address the July 5 Amendment
Request and its Attachments in a forthright manner. As shown above(pages 14-25), the
July 5 Amendment Request was opaque, confusing, and unrewarding. Presumably, NRC
Staffknew, or should have known, this.
J7
The July FRN indicates that IUSA proposes to receive and process the thoriated
monazite material "for its uranium content and dispose of the tailings in their tailings
pile." It does not mention source material thorium blending would precede such disposal.
The July 5 IUSA Amendment Request initially states (page 7) that the "Uranium
-MateriA is-'other matter' which will be processed primarily for its source material
content [emphasis added]." (t is well founded that the word "primarily''must only be
considered in the context of a health and safety determination in anNRC licensing
proceeding.) Further on, the Amendment Request (page 12) states that *HMI will
contractually require ruSA to recycle the Uranium Material at the Mill erimarily for the
recovery of uranium [emphasis added]." (Again, it is well founded that, as with the word
"primarily," the word "recycle," as utilized in the July application, can only be properly
construed in that terms health and safety aspects.) The July 5 Amendment Request (page
13, "Certification of International Uranium (USA) Corporation (the 'Licensee')" states
that the "Licensee hereby certifies and affirms that the Material is being processed
primarily for the recovery of uranium and for no other purpose [emphasis added]."
There is no mention of blending or direct disposal of such a blend into White
Mesa's I Ie.(2) byproduct material impoundment.
A February 28,lggl,letter from Mr. Tony Cuculic, R.S.O., Chief Engineer, HM,
Lakehurst, New Jersey, to Mr. Frank Costello, NRC, King of Prussia, Pennsylvaniq
proposed "returning the 695 cubic yards of [thoriated] monazite material to the 102,5000
cubic yards of host material from which it was derived." (See Exhibit D 1.) That
JF
application enclosed a "Heavy Mineral Sands Blending Flowsheet." That Flowsheet
indicated that the 1.500 tons of Monazite contained 5,850 parts per million (ppm)
(.585%)"S.M.*.' A note at the bottom of the Flowsheet states: **S.M. source material
(Ih + U) analyses taken from N.R.C. inspection report No. 9999/0000/89-01."
___- - An NRC Memorandum dated Seglgmbgr 3,1991, was sent to Mr. John E. Glenn,
Chief, Medical, Academic and Commercial Safety Branch, Nuclear Material Safety and
Safeguards OIMSS), to Mr. John D. Kinneman, Chiel Nuclear Materials Safety Section,
regarding "Heritage Minerals, Inc. Disposal Plan for Monazite (Iechnical Assistance
Request)." (See Exhibit D 2.) That memorandum brought forward for the NRC Staffs
consideration three alternative responses to the February 28,1991, HMI application,
-ra*ricnrequested that HMI.be-able to hlend-the thoriated monazite-material with the
tailings (waste) which had been produced in the production of the thoriated monazite
material. TheNRC Staffseptember 3
--+roposedaltematives rAlele: -
"1. Reject the proposal out of hand. 'Dilution is no solution to pollution';
2. Request that the licensee submit the information required by 10 CFR 20.302;
3. Permit the activity with appropriate controls on the final concentration [emphasis
addedl."
The author of the September 3 Memorandum favored option 3 and, additionally,
-requested policy guidance on this matter."
An NRC Memorandum, dated February 28, 1992, was sent to Mr. John W. N.
Hickey, Chief, Decommissioning and Regulatory Issues Branch, Division of Low-Level
Jrl
Waste Management and Decommissioning, NMSS, regarding "Technical Assistance
Request (TAR-91-008): Heritage Minerals, Inc. - Disposal Plan for Monazite Sand."
(see Exhibit D 3). This Memorandum contains the results of various dose assessments.
In the Memorandum (page 3), Mr.Austin stated that "based on the dose assessment, we
-would ret-ommend-sffi diryO-s-al fheility."
subsequently, in an october 7,lgg{,letter from Mr. Anthony J. Thompson,
@ Trowbridgq-r#bshingto6DG-, to Mr' John Kinnemen, Chiel
Site Decommissioning Section, Region I, King of Prussi4 Pennsylvania, there wasi a
request ..that NRC suspend consideration of [HMI's] request to mix the monazite pile
with other tailings material at the site" and that NRC "withdraw the proposal from active
-rcgulatorycomiderationS-@+xbibitD4,)- --' -
Now, six years later, IUSA is presenting a proposal to the NRC very similar to the
one proposed by HMI in lggl,i.e., blending, or mixing, the monazite pile with other
. .l - -
-
-:]-- --:----
--
--marcnar.
The July 5, 2000, IUSA Amendment Request Gage 9) states that the HMI
thoriated monazite material "will be added to the [White Mesa] mill circuit in a manner
similar to that used for the normal processing of conventional ore, either alone or in
combination with other altemate feed materials." @mphasis added.) This is the very
same material that HMI unsuccessfully proposed to blend, or mix, with other materials,
and it is thE Same type of blendirgo-rmixing;process-as was proposed forttre HMI,
Lakehurst, New Jersey Site. What was an unacceptable "option" at Lakehurst has
become an unspoken solution at the White Mesa Mill'
4o
It would be'hard for a reasonable person to avoid understanding that the proposed
White Mesa process is not a blending, or mixing, process that is "similar to that used for
the normal processing of conventional ore." What the July 5, 2000, application proposes
is actually the blending of the constituents of the thoriated monazite material-thorium-
232 " *o-thei:rn7ttef?or 1'eonve-Rtional ore'"
From the statements in the July 17,2OOO,FRN and the July 5, 2000, Amendment
Request, it is apparent that IUSA proposes to remove about 500 ppm (0'05%) uranium
source material from the HMI thoriated monazite material. The remaining 5,350 ppm
(.535%)thorium source material will be blended, or mixed with various other materials
and directly disposed of in the white Mesa tailings impoundment as 1le.(2) byproduct
material, i.e., direct disposal of source material thorium-thorium-232 and that parent
isotope's radiotoxic Progeny.
jrhis<l-oes- rconstitute-processing the thoriated monazite material "for its source
material contenf', as is proposed in IUSA's July 5 Amendment Request' This is
processing for a pag of "its source material content" and the blending of the substantial
remainder of the source material content with various other materials, which are then
directly disposed of in the white Mesa 1le.(2) byproduct material tailings impoundment.
lf,inl992,the blending ("mixing") of the thoriated monazite material with other
materials (..other tailings") was not advisable at the Lakehurst Site based on health,
safety, and environmental considerations, why is this "solution to pollution" advisable at
the white Mesa Mill site in 2000? what has changed? Nothing has changed?
4t
There is a January g,lgg2,NRC Memorandum from John. E. Kinneman, Chief,
Research, Development, and Decommissioning Section, Nuclear Materials Safety
Branch, DRSS, Region I, to John E. Glenn, Chief, Medical, Academic, and Commercial
llsC Sa&ty_Efangh The subject of the MemorZurdumis*'eorrected Information for the
Heritage Minerals, Incorporated Plan for Monazite (Technical Assistance Request Dated
-Septernber 3 ; 7991;DoeketNo-4&8980, Iieens€SMB-ls4l (Egg-ExhihitE) The
Memorandum (page 2, paragraph 1) states:
The total volume of monazite sand is estimated by Heritage Minerals in
their Febru ary 28,1991 letter to be 695 cubic yards .... The monazite
contains appioximately 2000 picocuries of actinium-Za8 pu gram of
monazite iand, based on a sample collected on April 17, 1990 and
---analyzed-in-the*.egion-I
laboratory using an intrinsic germanium detector
and a multi-channel analyzer. This represents approximately 4000
picocuries of thorium per eram of monazite sand. The total quantity of
ttoriu- in the monazite is 5.7 E 12 picocuries [emphasis added].
The information contained in the 1992 Memorandum is very different from the
information provided in HMI's consultant's Radioactive Material Profile Record
(Attachment 5 of the July 5 Amendment Request). The RMPR, at page 2, under C.
Radiological Evaluation: Isotopes, gives a weighted average for thorium -232 as 1,190
picocuries per gram. The only other isotopes listed in the RMPR are tuanium'z3&,
radiwn-226, and radium -228. Thete is no information provided for the isotope thorium-
228 orforthe total thorium content (primarily, T\-232+T11-228,but, also,l\-234,1\-
2j1,T\:iji,andTh-227).No information is provided as to how the figures presented in
the RMPR were arived at. The RMPR provides scanty and, apparently' elroneous
information.
4z
The record of the present proceeding that has accrued thus far shows that the NRC
Staff refused to give a hard look at the July 5, Amendment Request. That July
application is replete with euphemisms and material misstatements of fact by omission
and commission. As shown above., the application did not provide-sound bases for the
required NRC Staffhealth, safety, and environmental determinations. As shown above,
the Amendment Request did not request authorization for ruSA to receive title to, own,
receive, possess, use (process/blend), transfer, or directly dispose of.the HMI source
material thorium-thorium 232 andthat parent isotope's progeny.
In spite of the Amendment Request's numerous and obvious shortcomings, the
NRt Staffproposes to acquiesce to the proposals, data, and conclusions provided by
such Amendment Request, even as supplemented by its various Attachments. NRC Staff
should have returned the July 5 application to the Licensee as deceptive, erroneous, and
incomfleteznrrffirus;nor-aEeep-tTlblsfordocketing. NRC Staffs faifure to return the July
IUSA application, or even request additional information, reflects negligence, plain and
simple. Such negligence amounts to a careless disregard for my health, safety, and the
environment.
NRC Staffs unwillingness to acknowledge, in the July 17, 2000, FRN the
presence in the thoriated monazite material of source material thorium-thoriun-232
and, particularly, that parent isoto-p-{g 4!iq191q ploggll-lpears to be willful' NRC
Staffs failure to acknowledge the necessity of an application which proposes an
amendment to License SUA-1358 that would allow the ownership, receip, possession,
43
use (processing/blending), and direct disposal of source material thorium-thorium-232
and progeny-is inexcusable. Apparently, NRC Staffhas determined that the provisions
of l0 C.F.R. 40.3 and 40.51 need not apply. Apparently, NRC Staffhas, some how,
determined that they need not thoughtfully address the impacts of the "mixing of the
[thoriated]monazitJpilewithothermaterials,''asttrey@enpgz.
This petitioner, despite a diligent search, has not found on the record of the proceeding
-@-bmffior suehNRCStatr-rlereminatio- _- -
I can only conclude that: Ttie NRC Staffhas no intention of considering the
thoriated monazite material's source material thorium content-thorium-232 and
progeny, in all their complexities-when it makes the required healtlU safety, and
environfnenEl-defermin-ations reganlingrusA-s p-ro-posal-tt tiansp-oa-the HMI thoriated
monazite material through downtown, Moab, Utah, for processing, and disposal at the
White Mesa Mill. Such failure amounts to willful, negligent disregard of the petitioner's
health and safety and the environment.
----C.-Worrtrlffir--Willft't cceptablcRisk of Tangible,
Direct Harm to Myself and to the Environment.
The July 17,IOOO,FRN, in addition to being a Notice of Receipt of Reques! was
also a Notice of Opportunity for Hearing. The FRN laid out the requirements in l0
C.F.R. 2.1205 which must be addressed by a petitioner requesting a hearing under l0
C.F.R. Part2,Subpart L. The petitioner must show an interest in the proceeding, and
discuss how the interest of the petitioner may be affected by the results of the proceeding.
4l
IUSA proposes to transport through downtown, Moab, utah, for receipt,
processing, and disposal at the White Mesa Mill thoriated monazite material from the
Heritage Minerals, Inc, Lakehurst, New Jersey Site. As has been shown above' such
thoriated monazite material contains appreciable amounts of source material thorium-
- thorium-2 32 afi that parent isotopeis pro geny'
There is a direct relationship between the possibility ofNRC authorization of such
transportati-on,such
thoriated monazite material through downtown, Moab, Utah. AlthoughNRC Staffdoes
not regulate Main Street of Moab, Utah, they would be authorizing the transfer of the
thoriated monazite material that will pass through Moab, utah. Such an authorization
wdildbe c6nrrryto theprovisions-oftheAtomirEnergy Aet-efl1954,-asarnended, and
Commission regulations implementing that act'
- As was stated in petitioner's August Request for Hearing, this petitioner sojoums
@op-OSed trmsportati o n'cff dor, Ivlain Sfi^eet indowntounr-,Moab, on a
daily basis, of necessitY.
The thoriated monazite material IUSA proposes to tansport through downtown
Moab, utah, contains a complexity of materials. Information regarding such materials
was presented above at IV. (pages 26-32).Information regarding the health eflects of
these materials, particularly the radiotoxic radium-226 afiraditjlIrv2a8 (mesothorium) is
foun-d1n-.The-NewJerseyRadiUrDial-workers:"Seventy-fi veYearsLater,williamD.
Sharpe, M.D., in Toxic Ci
communitv, Helen E. sheehan and Richard p. wedeen, Editors,1994, chapter 5;
4s'
"Radithor and the Era of Mild Radium Therapy", Rqger M. Macklis, MD, in Journal of
the American Medical Association, August l, 1990, Vol. 284, No. 5; and "The Great
Radium Scandal, Roger M. Macklis, in Scientific American, August 1993. See Exhibit
F. Would respectfully request that the Presiding Offrcer take official note of these
publications regarding the adverse health effects of radiotoxic elements which are
contained in the thoriated monazite material IUSA proposes to transport through
douintoram Moab=-
Exposure to radiotoxic elements contained in the thoriated monazite material, or
direct gamma exposure to such thoriated monazite material would result in adverse health
effect to myself. There are delayed, long-term health affects from exposure to the
isotopes of radium, especially radium-228-(mesothorium) and r-adium=220-(thoton). The
September l,lggg,FRN (cited and quoted above at pages 23) brought forward the fact
that the direct gamma exposure rate for the ttroriated monazite material is at levels from
3 00-3000 rnicroR/Per hour.
The thoriated monazite material which is proposed to be transported through
downtown Moab, Utah, would be transported in large, heavy trucks, traveling at high
speeds and will cross my path on a daily basis, as I sojourn in downtown Moab.
The hazards involved in the transfer of the HMI thoriated monazite material were
recogruzed bIla: In 1990 HMI ryt_._1P1Tt11s g1t*:lery (milhng) operations at
the Lakehurst site and began to make plans for site decontamination and
decommissioning. In September 1990 Counsel for HMI submitted to the NRC a paper
4e
that contained a discussion of several decommissioning options being considered by HMI
for the "Monazite Pile/Source Material." The options discussed were 1) Transfer To
Another Licensee, 2) Disposal At Sea, 3) On-Site Burial, and 4) Disposal At A Licensed
Disposal Facility. See letter from Mr. Anthony J. Thompson, Perkins Coie, Washington,
DC, to Mr. John D. Kinneman, Chief Region I Nuclear Material Section B, King of
Prussi4 Pennsylvani4 Septemb er 27 , 1990 (enclosed herein as Exhibit G).
- -_C-o-trllsel-folHMlrnade it plain in:treseptember 1990 paper ft sd a!-a
licensed facility was not a desirable option, due to health and safety and environmental
considerations. The September 27, lgg},paper (pages 13 and 14) states:
4. Disposal At A Licensed Disposal Facility
Inthe-eventthatno-licenseeisavailable-toaccept-the--monazileJor
processing and disposal at sea is deemed inappropriate, Heritage is faced
with an unacceptable alternative - disposal of the material in a mill
tailings facility such as the Envirocare facility in Utatr or perhaps a
licensed lowJevel radioactive waste site. Because the only presently
available disposal sites are Currently in the Western United States, such a
-disposal-soenario will involv.eJranspodation-olthe monazite, ov,er public ,=-
roads, across the majority of the United States. This transportation. in
tun. will entail increased risk of human exposure to the monazite. as well
as an increased risk of accidents and spillaee. Moreover, as noted above,
once disposed of at the facility, the monazite will simply add to the
residual radiation present at the site [emphasis added].
As has been shown above, the thoriated monazite material that IUSA proposes to
transport through downtown Moab has not been properly characterized. As has been
jho11 above, th9 transport of the thoriated.rnonazite rnaterial represents a health and
safety and environmental hazard. It represents a health and safety and environmental
hazard to anyone, such as this petitioner, who sojourns on or across the transportation
corridor.
As has been shown above, NRC Staffhas thus far exhibited unconsidered
disrespect for this petitioner's health and safety and the environment by its total,
negligent, willful disregard of the source material thorium content of the HMI thoriated
monazite material and the resulting regulatory implications
------NRe Sffis willful negligence regarding the transfer, receipt, possession, use
(processing/blending), and direct disposal of the thoriated aspects of the monazite
material results in an unacceptable risk of direct harm to myself and the environment.
There is a risk from the implicit transportation of uncontrolled radiotoxic material
'taccidents and spillage" and risk of "bxposure to
monazite." There is risk due to the unsafe conditions on the transportation corridor.
There is risk due to the fact that trucks that carry material through Moab, destined for the
White Mesa Mill might not just travel on Main Street/Highway l9l through Moab.
This petitioner (as a reasonable person) out of an abundance of cautio& would
avoid the fiansportation corridor through downtown Moab due to the presence of an
unacceptable risk if ruSA receives NRC authorization to transport the thoriated monazite
material through Moab. As a result of such reasonably considered avoidance, petitioner
would be excluded from downtown Moab, Utah, without due process. Such exclusion
would be beyond petitioner's contol and would result in direct harm to petitioner.
4t
D. Is the Licensing Board Authorized to Confront NRC StaffNegligence and
Such Resultant Unacceptable Risk of Harm?
The petitioner has attempted to clariff the pervasive misuse of euphemisms found
upon the record of the present proceeding. Petitioner, herein, has presented information
fom offthe record of the presenJ proceeding that. more fiequently than not,-@!ly
contradicts or critically supplements information which has been allowed by the
Licensing Board to be presented in the present proceeding. See pages 4'5,26'32,37-39,
41, and 46, above. For example, the enclosed material on the uranium-238, uranium-235,
and thorium -232 decay series (see Exhibit B) directly contradicts the information
provided during the September 14,2000, Telephone Conference regarding the
relationship between the uranium and thorium content of the thoriated monazite material.
See text Transcript Pages 50-51.
Apparently, thus far the Licensing Board has not recognized that much more
irfor-utipn-{,eegr lo-qgrug tolhq regolq{_ !!=!gsen-t ggge-elil1g in 9$e1!9 establish a
sound record. Petitioner requests that the Licensing Board recognize that" in this
proceeding,-tfiere h-as-be-en a patt@ pages 4-25, above) and a pattern of
NRC Staffnegligence (seg pages 33-43, above) and that such deception and negligence
would result in an unacceptable risk of harm done to this petitioner (see pages 4347,
above).
4(
By allowing petitioner's Request for Hearing, the Licensing Board would take the
first step toward the mitigation of such deception and willful NRC Staffnegligence.
Thereby, the matters p"*i"i"g a d...p,i*g NRC negligence could be considered
within the context of the Ut*a.*q.t*tbr th. Li..*e Amendment Request
submitted to the NRC by ruSA on July 5,2000, be approved or denied?
a aJ>JM
Sarah M. Fields
Dated atMoab, Utah
This 18m day of Octob€r 2O0O
NUCLEAR REGIJLATORY COMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD PAI{EL
Before Adminishative Judges:
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Dr. Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
)
INTERNATIONAL URAI.{[.JM (USA) ) Docket No. 40-8681-MLA-8
CORPORATION
ASLBP No. 00-782-08-MLA
(Source Material License Amendment )
_ License No. SUA-1548) ) October 18, 2000
CERTIFICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certiff that copies ofthe foregoing FIRST SUPPLEMENT TO PETITIONER'S
AUGUST 9, 2000, REQUEST FOR HEARING have bgg"_lg9{tq9l, the following
@rsons:6y,ffi.-nrail,fu eE-
Administrative Judge
Ann Marshall Young
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
U.S..Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Mail Stop T-3 F23
Washingtoq D.C. 2055 5-000 I
Administration Judge
Dr. Charles N. Kelber
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Mail Stop T-3 F23
Washington, D.C. 20555-0001
Office of the Secretary
Atfir: Rulemaking and
Adjudications Staff
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
Commission
Washington, D.C. 20555-0001
Frederick S. Phillips, Esq.
SHAW PITTMAN
2300 N Street, N.W.
Washington" DC20037
Offi ce of Commission Appellate
Adjudication
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory
Commission
Washington, DC 20555-0001
EXHIBIT A
v -f {/,/,r n4
Augurt 20, t995
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lonrld l. B:l I r;y, Ch rf Iondd B SGIhd-
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Itc}Illcll AsslsTA[tct RtQutSI: HtilrtGHlllltR t$-ltlG.
RtsrtsT rof, rlrflrstor 0r Dtcorttsstoilltc pnoctss
Ptt l0 cFR {0.a2(fl
)hrltrgr lllnrrrl3, tnc. (Horltrgr) ls I Sltc lhcorlrslonlng lrnrgnnt Plrnfrcllltr, rtth r llcrnr for portrstloa, d.contulnltlon of lrnd rrrdfrcllltlor, rnd for grchglng. storlgl rnd trrnsfcr to ruthorlrd rrclDltntrfrcllltlor, rnd for prchglng. storlgl rnd trrnsfcr to ruthorlrd rrclpltntrof thorlrtod mnrrltr-rlch product. HcrltrEr lr rn SDIIP sltr brcrum of thrproduct. Hcrltrgr lr rn SDIP sltr brcrurt bf thrlong-trrr prtrtnc. of stnd trlllngs thrt contrln ronrzlto srnd. llonrrlto lr rcodg-ohos$rt++Lr-rrt rlrlh rlnents-{-onttlnlno rbout 3.3 orrcrnt thorlrlc o+Iu+hos ph r t +-of -ra rrt-l.chrlcrllv bound rlth thr rr i-{-ontrinlng rbout 3.5 prrcrnt thorluchrlcrlly bognd rlth thr rlrl otrth phosphrtr. Thl ronrzltt-rlch rrnd pllt
hm bron rtocllllrd rt th. tlto slncr lgtr, rnd opmtlonr ctrsod ln t990.
lhrltrgr proposr3 tn thrlr lettr-drtod August 13, 1996 (Attrchrnt lt thrtllorttrgr not hrvr to corlt to r flnrl drco:lsrlonlng schcduh rt this tln,brcrurt..of -thr potrntlrl lntrrrrt.ff tn9 Strt. of lhr-fersry ln rcqulrlng thi
conflrrd rlth thr Strtr of lhr Jrrsry lhprrtnnt of [nvtrontintrl Protoctlon(rLEtP) thrt r dnft blll rer lnltlrtrd for tcqulrlng thr proporty. Thr lUDt(rLEtP) thrt r dnft blll rer lnltlrtrd for tcqulrlng thrRrdlrtlon Protcctlon Progru corcnts.gn. thr blll rcr: rgbtcrurl of thr contuln.trd stoclolh6llCLnds. AI-ffoEEft
lng thr proporty. Thr IUDIPrcr: rgrlnrt thr rcqulstlon,Rrdlrtlon Protcctlon Prognt coront3.gn. thr Dlll rcr: rgrlnrt thr rcqulstlon,brcrur of thr contuln.trd stoclpllr(lldl:nds. Al-fh6u-gh.-ttT_llfrlrcguirltlonrrd rrsoclrtrd,lqlulr.romln spoculatita. Hrrltros lt rroulrrd to notlfy ur ol
rhllr thr frcl,,;9]'f]1|]
l0 ctn t0.t2(f).
trter! inrctlvs slnce 1990, Herltrgc bollrvct thrt thcy,tlll! rnl IacIlI;, flllll Er,!3Il ln.gflY3 trncl lyrur ]t3Ilfagl'9tlt3Vtt fnaf Enhd.,not provldod notlf,tcrtion to tlRC of rny lntontlon to pcrrrnently cusehro,,noB Proytoro notrtrc.tlon to iLG ol lnj/ lnttntlon to pcrrlncntly clascofgflfitlonr: rnd throfo[., urt proyltlcd by. thr tlRC.drconlrslonlng tlfllnmsruli' (the rulrl r prrlod of tro y..rs In rtrlch tr deterrlnc $cthir tht unusrdfrclllly muld br put lnto usc tgrln or to subnlt notlflcrtlon rt rrqulrrd by
rntlR=]hr-ltrgo,lrnd trtct, laclrdlng tho mnulte-rlch srnil pllo.- Lconflrrd rlth thr Strtr of lhr Jrrsry lhorrtmnt of [nvlronintrl Prcconflrrd rlth thr Strtr of lhr Jrrsry
thr rulr. (Slr Attrchmnt ?, Ihorpson lotter to Bellr;y drt:d t:brurry 23requlre thlt doco;lsslonlngt996.) Accrpttng thls posltlon, tho rulc muld requlre th
not rcqulrrd. )hrltrgr rrtlmtos rpprorlnrttly slr rontht to co4l:ti onrltc
Ir90., -Acc.pllng tnts Poslt,lonr tnr ruls muld reqqlrc thft do!_oflsslontng
ba co:plrtod by Augurt 15. 1998, bocrusc rpprgvrl of r dccollsslonlng pltn-ls
not rcoulrrd. )hrltror rrtlmtos loororlrttrly rlr ronthr to conlrti ontltrrndlrtlon rtlvltlll.
ofFtclAt RECoRD coPr
t,-
A. Thorpson, Esqulra 2Horltrgc .lllnorrls, lnc.
ll9 hlyc [r!{ffi*filrte herlth rnd srfety concerns ytth thts frctltty, becrusethc thorl-'#i!f'd''cherlcrlly bound to thi monezlte srnds inA contrlnti rlthln-r ,/
brrrlcrded rnd posted..rcl. Horever, rith rncretslng yerrs of berng rnunrttendod frclllty, the potentlrl.lncrerses for rn inrdvertent tntiuder torecclvc.n dosc in lxcess of 100 nrear ln one yerr. Rrdlrtion postlng reroutlnely renc,ved by vrndrlsi erposure rrtes rn the brrrlcrded-rer irc 2nrer/hour, lndi there rre frequent tressprsscrs rho vlsrt the lrnd-trrct forunruthorlled racrcrtlonrl actlvltles, such rs cuplng, srlrnlng, dunc-rldlng.Brlrnclng thls .potentlrl stfety corceri--rlth Herltrgi's posltt6n ttrrt lt ls-unrorllstlc rnd unrolsonrble-fm-flErftTg?-to- comrlt-to r'flnrl decomlsslonlngschcdulo, lt appelrl thrt seveml optlons rre rvalltble for llRG considerrtlon]
Optlon I
Accept nottflcition, but defer declslon on! ye.r untll Strte/Herlt.genrgotlrtlons begln lnd rore detrlls on rcceptrnce of ltrbltlty ls uidcrstood.
Slncc tht reaedlrtlon rctlons could be coarpleted ln less thrn onG ye.r; thr
one yerr delry rould'not rffect thG curreni derdllnt oi-August-i5.'i,ii.- -
Optlon It \
Deny lnltlrl extcnslon requesi on grounds thrt frclllty ls requlred to
comence decomlsslonlng, rnd thtt the proposed Strte/Herlttgd trrnsrctlonprovldes no cnd drto rhen r emedlrtlon rould be complcted. ln recognltlon ofthr Strto-.s i prlnclpl: prrty, extend notlflcrtlon tlne one yelr lor requostof schedulc chrngl.
Optlon M
Dcny oxtenslon request. lf the lrnd tnd lrcense trrnsfer rert to occur beforcArtgust l5' 1998' conslder. ner decomnlssioning tinellness clock for thoStrto, provlded_ thrt the Strtc of iler Jersey subrrrttted r Strtenent of lntcnt,et thc tlnr of llccnso trrnsfor.
Reqlon I Rccornendrtlon:
Ihr frcllrty hrs bcen lnrctrvc for over six.ve.rs rnd th:rc ls no ftnco:ltrcnt for trtnrf:frlng the frclllty to the Strte of ller Jcrsty. Brscd onthc lnforartiort subnltted, le recomend Optlon lll. thrt the erteniion lsdcntgd, end thrt thc decomlsslonlng process cottrDcncG rs prescrlbed ln l0 Cft{0.12. lf the lrnd tnd llcense trrnsfer rere to trlc plric boforr August 15.
1998. or remdirtion completed, no llRC enforcenent rctlon rculd be re[ulrrd.
ior questlons concernlng thls lechnlcrl Assrstrnce Request, Dlease contrctlhrlc |llller tt (510)33r-5?05. lJe plrn to lnspect thd frcllity IrtcSeptorber' !-o l-q rddttlonrl lnforrrrtlon ls requested, plerse forrrd yourrcqucst to lls. lllllor by Septe*er 13, 1996. Ihrnk rol for your rsslitrnce,
otflclAt RtcoRD coPY
U
l. ThoTron, fsqulrr]hrltrgr lllnmls, lnc.
Llcrnso Xo, 93-l5llDoclrt llo. 040-089t0
Atti€tfibtitj jl. Lottcr drtcd Augurt t5, 19962. Lrttrr drtcd Fobrurry 22, 1996
0lrtrfh'tlp! illrncl:X lobtr, D*17ffi--H. lstrood, Dtflni6s
D. Chrrrgr. RLS0/RI I
v
firuq
OTFTCIAT RECORD COPY
tt
it i l'nt{t if li,A* 3oi, EsqurrcHriltlg} lllntrrls, lnc.
lDGlrltII fil[: S:ilElf.ilf,
lo r*o gdl -r-.L-rb t b3'!' r Cr;1 rllirrr
orrrcE- ffi7rr -lgJr s/nl (l,trtUlI ntllrrzrn^$- RBrllqy \orn o,,n0lg5' 087r,o/96
't'- Gott rlor
{-
081 le6 oal
t r lloqlt
I
le6 0El l%H
OTTICI^I RECORD COPT
OFTICIAT RECORD COPT
EXHIBIT B
fx/, /,t B /
Nucle or on d
Rodio chemistry
gecond Edition
Gerhort Friedlonder
Senbr Clwmiet, Brooklwrcn Nolional Lalnralory
Joseph W. Ken nedy
Lale Profe.anr ol Chemitlry. ll'anhinglon llnioetrily, St. Lottrc
Julion Molcolm Miller
Proleeur o! Ctwm.htry, Cohtmlrio Llnhetsitlt
I.oS AI,AM(b
rD{TIFIC LARORA'
itc.', 4 I97l
LIBRANIES
2BOPENT'I'
Jolm rttiley & Soas, lnc., New Yo* ' l.ondon ' Sydrcy
, , fil]ryigiiJlifif,fiii'ir ""
RADIOACTIVITT lcs. lI
In an undisturbed sample containing iy'1 atoms of Ur, a steedy state is
established in rvhich the rate of fogOe$ol__A[lhe_dsughter UXr etoms (num-
ber :V2) is just equal to their reteOfdEcaylThiS means thst -dN r/itt : trzjVr
irr this situation because the rate of formation of the daughter atoms is just the
rate of decay of the parent atoms. L'sing the earlier relation, we have then
)r1.Vs = I2rV2, rvith trr 8nd trs the respective disintegration constants. This ie
sometimes more conveuient in terms of the trvo halfJives: N r/ (til r - N t/ (ty)2.
This statc of 'afrairs is krrorvu os secular cquilibrium. No account.is tsken of
the decrease of .Vr rvith tittre, sincc thc frsctiorr of tlr atoms transformed even
throughout the life of the experitneuter is completely negligible. In generol,
this situation obtairs rvherrever a short-lived daughter results from the decay
of a very long-lived psrent. The same relation, tr1lf 1 : I1/V2 : tr3jVs, etc.,
nuy be used rvhetr several short-lived products arise from suceessive decays,
begiuning with a long-lived parcut, provid'ed agairr that the material has been
undisturbed (that is, no daughter substances removed or allorved [o escape)
for a loug enough time for secular equilibrium to be established.
C. NATURATTY OCCURRING RADTOACNVE SUBSTANCES
Uronium, Thorium, ond Actinium Serics. All elenrents found in nstursl
sources with atomic number greater than 83 (bismuth) are radioactive. They
belong to chains of successive decays, and all the species in one suah chain
constitute a radioactive family or series. Three of these families include all
the natural activities in this region of the periodic chart. One has Ur (mess
238 on the atomic rveight scale) as the parent substance, and after 14 trans-
formations (8 of them by c-particle emission and 6 by F-particle emission)
reacheg a stable end product, radium G (lead with mass 206); thie ie known ss
the uranium series (which includes radium and its decay products). Since the
atomic mass is changed by four units in a decay and by only a smsll frsction
of one unit in p decay, the various masses found in members of the family
difrer by multiples of 4, and a general formula for the approximate masses is
4n * 2, rvhere z is an integer. Therefore the uranium seriie ie known also aE
the 4a * 2 series. Figure l-l shorvs the members and transformationE of the
rrranium series.
Thorium (mass 232) is the parent substance of the {n, or thorium seriee,
rvith lead_of mass 208 as the stable end product. This series is shown in
figure l-2J The 4zr * 3, or actinium, series Las actino-uranium, AcU (uranium
of mass 235), es the parent and leed of mass 207 w the stable end product.
This serieE is shown in figure 1.3.
The fairly close simllarity of the three series to one another and in their
relations to the periodic chart is interestirlg and helpful in remembering the
decay modee of and nomencleture for the active bodies. Actually, these his-
ll$iffiiln$;Ii j Ji ,,iiil;;,Hig
I i i'i i h r; ;r;iiilffi
ii n, i r i i ll;x$ ll*i ifii: |;l , ]' r'i ir,li l]il
U
gt
U:(r.
t.5
,r
L8
(u.n
21.
P.
9l
It
s
&
89
nt
EE
F
c7
BD
6
A1
t3
h
!a
E
t3
Pb
a.
n
8l
Ilr
D
URANIUM, THORIUM, AND .{CTINIUM SERIES
I
ll
lt
r{,l
fi
t{
I
I
L
U
gt
ua.u!
(uanaum l,
a.5t r lot,all
us. uu
(w.rium Il)
2,118 r l0l
,- ,.{r
P.
9t
,/o
Ttr
s
r!4. ux,
lrx*rrt Ir)
2a.l .rryl
fta. to(bralltt,
7.5a r lo.yllf,l
&
t9
u
L.
B
8.2. n
(r..fum)
l6ilil ylo
It
C7
o
nr
e5
B!4.8"
(r.&i)
:lt25 d.rr
AI
dt
o Aa'la
13 rErdr
h
u
nort. gr.A
(rtdiun A)
aot
minub
,0@*l
a
FDr'. nf,(rrdatlng)
L6r lO-.
_ taara,
nro, nrr
(polonlurr)
,tilta d.r3
r
&t
I99.$tl
Einl n i
(rdiu.n O
t9.7
, minutra
99.96t)
a
rm.n r
(r.dim g
5.01 thr.a
Pt
a.
Ittl'. n D
(i.dium 8)
?6trri,[lB
e
(0.qr)
Pblto,n 6
(ilrlum O)
,2w
a(5x
lo-!t)
Pba, n c
(3t bh bdi$rop.)
T1
tt
Tttio, n c.
(rdium C')
l.g2mhulrr
,](l3x Iro-lDl
nu.n E
(r.dium E')tl3
, mlrutat
o
f,,ttr
e5
rnlilb
IIg. f-f ltc urenium oeric.
[cn. ll
U
n
U-.Ll
(dro.rrf
h
I
tl
.r
1l3,ur
(rnriur I
25'6lnr
A.
D,
n
!
It
o
Ir
r
AT
!c
h
ta
n
t0
It
a,
n
at
ft. 1-2 Thc tboriuro rshr.
IL
uRANtUll, THORIUM, AND ACTINIUM SEnIES
u
gl
u-.Acl,
txtno,,rr*,rnt
,,lt r lO'taarl
h
9l
,hu.Er
(p.lLcliairror)
3.a8 r to.,r"3
Tt
I
rt 3l. lrY
(urenium Y)
25.6 llol t
a
na.narc
(rrdklclinium)
lef, d.r
&
t0
A.a,b
(.cildu.tt,
2i2O t.[,r.
, potn:
g
n
!t
a(t2*t
B.a. A.x
t*li,riurn
ll.7 &r3
t!
o
t llllcr
(stalunt l()
22 tnaista
i
B.
s
o
(ar to-ln)
n lD.et
(.ctrEo)
3.9:| ro,rdt
AT
t5
Arttt
0.9 mlnuL_
, (3r)
c
Ar$a
tO-'road
RD
!a
,
let*,
not". ece
(rfiniuni A)
tt3r lo-'r*md
Ixro{rr
a
hrr.&g
(.ctlnlum g)
Osil t cond
BI
t3
Etu
8:DirrB
a
Blu. A.c /
(.cdoi.rm C)
2.15minrrlr
,
to32'.l c
Pb
e
rtt'l. LD '
(xtalum 8)
36.t minuLa
a(99.58t
Db',A.D
(!fru. h.d
isoloD.)
n
u
n-.Acc'
(.ctrjun Gi,
+79 rnlltl b.
IIg. l{ Thc ectidum rericr.
I
,lI
i
t*
Y{
LOS
SCIM{TIF'IC
AI,AIUOS
I.ASORATOR-
,5//:/,'t B L
THE LEACHABILIT( OF RADruM-ZZ6 FROM
URANIUM MILL WASTE SOLIDS AND RIVER SEDIMENTS
By
SALIUEL DAVID SHEARER, IR.
MAR - 4 1976
T.TITRARIES
PROPERTY
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment
of the requirenrentb for the degree of
DOCTOR OT PHILOSOP}ry
(Civil Engineering)
at the
UNIVERSITY OT WISCONSIN
1962
4
L iS u stirrtng account to read of the very primttlve and difficult
condltlons under which thls work was carried out (8). This and other re-
. lated research ls also described quite lucidly ln Madame Curlers Ph. D.
thesls (9).
Source of Radium
'Radium occurs in each of the three naturally occurring radioaffin I
decay series. These three series.are the uranium, th.orium, and actinium
series, and-are presented ln Figures L, 2, ond 3.. OnIy the main brancheS
have been shown. Prom these decay series it is noted that there are four
lsotopes of radium: radium-223, radium-2?4, radium-226, and radium-Z28.
Each of these is an alpha emitter with the exception of radium-Z28 which
ts a beta emltter
In natural uranium ores only the actinium and uranium series are
generally present. The parent cif the uranium-radium family, U-238 o".lrr=
to the.extent__gf 99.?8 per cent, whereas U-235, the parent of the-uranlnm:
actlnium family occurs to the extent of 0.71 per cent in natural uranium
(15). Thus, from a radioactive waste disposal standpoint, the uranirtm=-
radium family of nuclides is the most important. This is also the series
whtch contains the longest lived radium isotope, radiurn-226 which has a
half -llfe of 16?2 years.
As already mentloned, in the processing of uranium ores only the
uranlum is desired. All other radioactive species are consldered as'wiste
products. At the present processing rate of ore which contains on the
[.
t".l
t.i
t ,.u2@ rottz3'Beto ,,Po21124.t 6
Bcto
""u"'1
Alpho ,oThz3o Alpho--..fo22!
8.O X lO" Y6.66 h Z.ce x rO5 y
^ 222osHn -Alpho+3.823 d orPo ''1 3fl: -82Pb2r1
Beto
26.8 m
Bclo
19.4 y
83Bi2r1
o; 2lO Beto93", _---s.Pott9 Alphc
Belo
19.7 m
5.Or d r38-4 d
URANIUM DEGAY SERIES
.oeozr4 al!!,:-. - ,.Pb'to
,.Pbto'
STABLE
FIGURE 3
soTh
23 Aleho ,^ - ..*f,t' t#i - seaczz:
Bcto sJh ":# ..Ro22l-Alpho 65Rn229t9l r 3.6{ d
B4Po216 AlPho ..Pbt's58i aEBcto
o-
3.o4 x ro-7r
\
5OS-a(<rtJ
THORIUM DECAY SERIES
FIGURE 2
--..Pb'ot
STABLEt\},\oT
C.Jt
t.
i
I
I
t
Alpho 9oTh23l Bcto ,. 9,Po21z.rxtOS y
:
25.64 h
Alpho .rac227 nB# , soThz8? tlllg* s6no22r
Alpho
seRn
219 Alpho
3.92 r 1.83 x tO'3r
.oPozll Alpho o"'o"o'
STABL E
O.52 r
r=SECONO drDAYm=HINUTE ys YEAR
h=HOUR
ACTINIUM DECAY SERIES
FIGURE I
wr
tzA
/231
, E?-
57?
r4BB
4.1
Er/,/, t A 3
DOE/RL/0183GT59
(DE88013791)
Dlrtrlbutlon Crtcgory UC4O!
..ro I+LAML
,roNA[ tAB0RAl
EB
Llrii?Af l.:r
t? D r\::r ? ;, -'
Radioactivity aurd Health
-A-!{istory
J. Newell Stannard
Professor Emeritus
School of Medicine and Dentistry
University of Rochester
Adjuna Professor
Schoolof Medicine
University of California, San Diego
October 1988
Edited by Raymond W. Baalman, Jr.
Pacific Northwest Labratory
Prepared for the U.S. Department of Energy,
Office of Health and Environmenta! Research
under Contract DE-AC06-76RLO 1830
Pacific Northwest Laboratory
Operated for the U.S. Department of Energy
by Banellb Memorial lnstitute
Prelace to Seaion t
fA8tt PN-l. Uranium Series Nuclides (.tn + 2l'
:ame a litrle bit later than that for
of research activity.
of biomedical research on Polo'
rs, their Presence and Potential
t ihe crestendo of research built
focus for as intense activity in the
rtury as was focused on radium,
uqhters.
s[eaking verY broadlY when. we
ion of ar6mic weight and number.t'radiumr" "uraniumr" ttradon +
\crually, these titles, of course,
es of ellments. The delineation of
'rinc radioelements was a maior
d pf,fsicists. Rutherford described
: in 19(Xt ln toto, there are manY
rents that were isolated, character-
relv small number of these. Those
," bf th"it abundance, their ener-
le. Hence, we can afford to com-
:cts of these substances, which
tivity for many decades, into four
:cts and possibte health effects o[
st review briefly the major natural' -
rnuctides. There are manY waYs of
rical is bv plots of the atomiq massilil;;[-;;;ber 121.(d) rne
rsstone in his classical Sourcebook
e 1950) and in earlier publications'
r with updated values for the con'
'zl Health, a most useful document
sions in this book (PHS 1970). The
vith the most imPortant, uranium,
tant thorium series, and finallY bY
through 3.
ore than one tYPe of radiation Per
,ance of one tyPe that theY can be
oeta emission, etc., on an N'Z Plot
)r more branches in the chains in
rr pathway. tinally, it will be noted
n..es. fhese ate the names that
shorter rhan its imPortance to chemis'
ldio. The reasons will be clear in chap
.lmber of Prolont and neutrons in the
number of neutrons in the nucleus.
.lmber of prolons in the nucleus.
M:ior radiation cncrjier (McVl rnd intcmiticrl
Nuclidc
Hittoricel
namc
:l!U Urrnium I .1.51 r lory
+
tTh Uranium X1 24.1d
+,lfat Unnium X;
e9.t7* I 0.11*
0.103 (2r%l
0.193 (7%)
12:' (!l0xl
(-roofl 0.331{t.0r9r,l
1.17m
,;fi Uranium ZUranium Z 6.75h
Ur.nium li 2.47r101y
+rXTh lonium E.0 r 10.y
+tRr Rrdium 1602y
+tf,n [man.lion 3.023d
R.don lRnl
+l!?o , RrdiumA 3.05m
Rrdium C
Radium C'
Redium C'
Redium D
Radium I
Rrdium f
Redlum t'
Redium G
-l!.hl -(9a1Sl
(0.01?r,l
(0.008Lt
(r(xlr,,
t.72 (,(xxxnIl,t
5.!05 (r0ort
0.63 (5of,10.71 FOrl0.9E I 6%lI (-{.rx,
1.0 (23x,r.51 (.OI,1
3.26 _(lyr,l
r.3 (2s%t1.9 (s6Bl2.3 09tr1
0.016 t05'tr10.06r tlt.*t
0.063c1 lt.'.f,lo.o!lt< (axl
0.76t (0.l0rl1.0o (0.6ots1
o.r(n l50x,l0.ro (2.r,0.90 0oel0.053 (0.211
0.06c (0.6%t0.1.2 (0.07u
0.r$ (1xl
0.tr0 (0.07u
0.609 (.rrl1.120 07r,11.76a 07bl0.,9!, (0.0r..[l
0.296 ( Sf,l0.795 (1O%lr.tr ( zru
0.o.7 ( +al
p.orrrl
4.15 (5%l4.20 (75%l
0.51 (56x11.13 (13X1
1.72 (20%t+n 0zr,l
4.62 (2.11,..6E 176'X,t
..60 (6I'l4.ir0 (95X1
5..9 (rootrl
99.$s I 0.02*
t I Radium8 26.6mfsPb Ir
-
+--f -- 1;Ar -Ahrrinc - -At-,t
0.2!rr 09rt0.!t2 (t5.r,t
6.65
6.m
5.a5
5.51
7.691ilu
1.3m
21,t
,.0rd
r$.{d
a.r9m
Strble
..65
..69
(.qm7ail r.161 (-rqlf,t
(.(xxxrsl't
r.571 {r(nxl
'Thir crpresrion dcsoibcr rhc mas numbcr ol rny mcmbcr in thir rcricr, whcrc n h m inrcgcr.
florc$hicr rGrG, ro pc,ccnr.r. "i:',:lf,l;,H.t"J3?,i.'kcii[t1lJrr',irt -,3rner prrcnr or rcrhrItomplcr cncrgy.pcel which would bc incomplctely rceolvcd by inrtrumcnr ol modcrlcly brr rcrolvlngporcr ruch er rcinrilhtonDrt: trlcn lrcm: ltblc ol tsoopct rnd USNRDL-IR-OZ
'lPb
tPb
Source.' Reset lrom f,adiologict I Heilth Hzndbook, PHS 1920.
Naturally Occurring R:dioaaive flemenlr
fAB[t PN-Z Thorium Series Nuclides (4n)r TAITE PN.
r r!-^ - -!--, _ffi hrn encrgier lMcvl and inlcn!!!i!t'l
Nucli&
Hi*ortcrl
namcNuclidcn.rn. H:ll-lilc a0r
rLrh Thorium
Merothorium I
Mcrothorium ll
Rediothorium
Thorium X
Imrnrtion
Thoron lTnl
Thorium A
Thorium E
Thorium C
1.41 r 10ry
6-7,t
5.13h
r.9r0,
--3.64d
55r
0.r5.
10.6rh
60.6m
3.95 12.%!..01 (76t1
0.2,11 (3.7*'
(0.07*l
1171,ll3.At
1.a*
tlrfr Actinium X
Acrlnouranlum
Urrnlum Y
Prolo.ctinium
Acllnlum
Rrdiotolnlum
Acrinlum X
Em.n.tion
Adinon lAnl
,su
t,grh
+
'alP'
+
w\c
+,TR.
+'1"
+,TTh
+,IR.
+,IRN
+
'3:?o
+:ltrb
+ipl
0.055 ll(xr*l
1.10 tls%l 0.3.c1 (r5%l1.75 (1&l 0.908 (25$Z(B 02*l 0.96( 120%)
5.3. (2E%t 0.064 11.6*l5..3 (71%) 0.2'1. (0.3*l
5..t, -..-_ l5%l5.6!-_--t9ax)
629 11(pe6)
0oe6l
+,lrn
Thorlum C'
lill ThoriumC'
Ihorlum D
t7t t1@961t(Xnt
1f(}n
StrUc
(2*l
(7*l
(1.E*l
lErxl o23!,0.*l 0.!m
(5*l o.lxo(35*l O.lD
1.620
0.t{6
0.5t6
6.05 l25*l 1.556.C' lto*l L6
1.2E l2s%) o.tll1.t2 ln%l o.tE:ll.m (5oxl 0.t61,a6il
t23%l(r6x!
l128)llqrrl
+{lPo Acrintum A
-lUrX l.ooo2ltr
,l!Pb ! Aoinium E
Arlrtlnc'
r8la Adlnlu,n C
+
Irb
O2!fi r 9.73FLt,!po I lainlumCtl
.Thir crprcsion dcrrlbcr rhc mlsl numbcr.of rny-mcmbcr ln thb rrhl, whcrc n b rn intcgcr.
[rrmplc: *Ih (anl-.-qsq ' 232
tlnrenclricr rcfcr ro pcrccnttgc ol disinrcgirtioniof rhc nuclide ltrclf, nor to origlnrl percnt of rcricr.
it;ili.;;;rw plef whicf, would bc i-ocomplacly rceolvcd by instrumcntt ol rnodcrrrely low rcrohln3
Powcr ruch el rclntlllrto,t.
b.rir.fcn from: Ledcrcr, C.M., Holl:ndcr, t.M., rnd Perlmrn. 1., TaDlc ol ttotopcs (6th Gd.; Ncrr Yorl:
i.ii wlt.y i sonr, lnc., ri67) end Hogrn, o. H- ZigP1, P. f., end Mrctln, l. 1., 8d. SPGctrt (UsNRDt'
in-ou 1wi*ington, D.C.: U5. Atomk tncqy Commhcion,196{1.
lf,il ecrhlumC'
?lb AcrlnlumD
lThh clpreslon dacribcl thc nr
llmcmilhr relcr ro pcrccnt.sc oa
tGonplcl cnc6y pcek which tot
poruruch stclntll!.torr
Drtl rrlcn lrorn: hblc of lroaqP
s.6*
EIh
tt.
6a.0*
,lro
Sourcc: Rcrcl from Rzdiologiczl Hcakh Handbok,Sonrcc: Rc*r lrom Rtdlologic
r
Prelace ro Seaion I
fABLE PN-3. Aoinium Series Nuclides ('ln + 3)'
Maior radi:tion cnc:gier lMcVl .nd i,!tqn4!cr!-nenriticlt
| (1.5%l. l0.r*l
r d.7ai -:-
(0.07L1
o (a71lo-----JLA-
Nuclide
Historicrl
nlmc Helf-lilc
(1r*l
(57t1
(t%l
f
,l!U Actinourlnium 7.1 r 1OY
i
{Th Urrnium Y 23.5h
+:t- lr5%l .-----llk- PtolordiniurL l.25rl(l.1r . (25*l
:- l2Gf,l
1.37
4.lo
a.50cl
0.1at
0.rE
o20a
ntxl(54*l
6*l
(r*l(1ffi|0.1{l 1.5*l 0.0160.220 (tt*l o.oc{c0.30t l()c,l
.1.95 (2rq,5.0r (2.'r,l5.02. t2!1it
s.76 (nr'lt.$ (2.q,16.(x (2txl
5..4 (-{.(x,sxl
5.61 (26*lt.n (xxls.7, (9rl
6.12 lt%l6.55 (rlsl6.a2 tCltl
0.0:10 (tl.l- 0.237c otr'l0.Ic 6a,lr.r5 (-r(n*l 0.050 l.oa'loo (rlxlo2!. l.*l
0.1.|tc 00*lo.Do 00*to.tk l6xl
o.D2 (9*t'0..0r €*l
o.on 6l,l0.2!k t6%l
+rgAc Aoinium
Aciinium X
Imrn:tion
Acrinon lAnl
Adinium A
21.6y
r!.2d
22m
11.ard
,t.0r
1.70mt
36.1m
4.46c (o.rEril 0.(x! (-{9ai 0.070 (o.(F%l
..95c (1.2q'l
+t!!Rn
+
'l!Po 7.n (-rml 0.7{ l-o.omzl*lo (ILl, o*tp 0.r$
llIto
ta
$b I ecinium I (t.{*l
(1.81
(3..$
0.2,t)
0.56r.!0
lr.{u 0.{05
(t7.5rl 0.t12
(2t*l(t5*l
02*l
0@rt
3Cr.
o{ rcri,a.
dy low raohin;
cd.; Na Yo*:
Fc.q(usNlDt.
D'i'A*etlnc -O,lmr C.01 Fr00%l
,:!Ei Adinium c
+
2.ltm 10.2t*l 0.131 0.rl
?.at (9,rrrl o.tro (o.tt,o9 Gsrl
1.{ (99.t*l ot9 (0'16*l
Adinlum D SrrUc
.Thir crprcssion dcrcribcr thc mlr number ol_rny mcmbcr in rhir rcricr, wherc a ir rn intcgcr.
hemolc: IlPb (an + 11......,1{S1l . t' 20
lnrtmitkr rcler ro pcrccnrr3c of dirinregrefonr'ol rhe nudi& irrc{|, nor ro ori3inel plrcnt of rcrict
k;;il;rry p}f whicf, would bc incomplcrcly rcrolvcd by imttumcnlr ol modcntcly lou raoMnS
p<rr,cr ruclr a rcinrillrroc - '
brtr trlcn konl. ltblcol ltrcllqpa rnd USNRDI-IR'O1'
5
6.2C (16*1 0.606.62 (ertl
TIR.
tPb
't,o
- $[, [$,t61*rrrr*-.--.----
E / l, b,'rc
McGRATV'HILL ENCYCLOPEDIA OF
MET.NIC
"it\ )
i li'8th Edition \
An lnternatlond reference work ln twenty volumes lncludlng an lndex
McGraw-Hlll
New Yor* . San Francisco rVashington, D.C. Auckland Bogotd Caraczs Lisbon London Madrid
. Mexico City Milan Montreal New Delhi San Juan Singaporc Sydney Tokyo Toronto
CIENGE
Te noIogy
tttv: t*!tv
change in mass occurs, the total time rate of change
of momenrum must be considered in describing the
motion. Changes of momentum are important in
collision processes. .9ee COLUSION (PHYSICS).
rUThen a group of bodies is subject only
to forces that members of the SrouP exert
on one another, the total momentum of the
group remains constant. See coNsERvATIoN oF
MoMENTUM; IMPULSE (MECHANICS). PaulW.Schmldt
A phosphate (mineral) of the cerium metals, (Ce,
La,Y,Th) (PO{). Ordinarily lanthanum, La, is present
in about 1:1 ratio with cerium. Small amounts of the
ynrium, Y, earths substitute for Ce and I:. Thorium
substirutes for Ce and Ia and generally ranges
up to 10/o ThOz. A series of monazite minerals
ranging up to 3W/o"[trOz probably exists. Thorium-
free monazite is rare. Uranium, U, in small amounB
has been reported.
Monazite crystallizes in the monoclinic system.
Crystals are prismatic and generally minute but
occasionally large (see lllus.). Colors range from
white through shades of yellow, green, and brown.
Monazlte crystal hablt. (After L G. Beny and B. Mason,
Minenlogy, W, H. Frcemaa t959)
Monazite is widely disseminated as accessory
grains and crysuls in granitic and Pegmatitic rocks
and in memmorphic gneissic rocks. In regions
of such rock rypes, fluviatile and beach sands
may contain commercial quantities of monazite.
Monazite occurs in many regions of the world, but
the major production comes from placer deposits
in Idaho,'South Carolina, and Florida in the United
Sutes, and in India, Brazil, and South Africa.
Recovered monazite concentrates are sources of
thorium, thorium compounds, and cerium metals.
.See CERIUM; MDIOACTTVE MINERAIS; RARE-EARTH
Wayne R. Lowell
Golden-brown mongooEa'
gnows to a length or 15-l€
short legs, nonretracti
Some species are fair
claws zr€ noflr€tr"ctilr
feeding on snakes, frol
are especially fond of
small Indian mongoot
is widely distributed
introduced into Jama
many years ago to cc
but it has become a
upon domestic poultr
severely or exermin
native to these islandr
it makes an interestin
(Afilatc paludtnoats)
inhabits marshy are
Africa. Ttre golden-br<
is native to India a
mongoose cfilnot I
United States becaust
CARNIVOM; C[\IET; S(
Monhysterlda
An order of nemato
stoma is funnel shal
however, in some fan
heavily cuticularized,
teeth. The amphids
circular forms. Usuall
of cephalic sensilla
taxa the third cid
separate. The norm
often disrupted by t
near-cylindrical esog
posteriorly. Ttre eut
have annuli or oman
distinct, the somatic r
ELEMENTS.
EXHIBIT D
Er /',', l',f
Dt
ROUTE 70 MILE M^RXER
'TP O BOx t2. T.AXEHURST. NJ 0E733
?0r€57-9022 FAr 201657-5tt
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tc,; at-
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k: t-S- \RC LICESSI ' (]lB'13{l
Dcrr Vr Cortclb'
Hcnrrgc $lrncrdr h.rr recrotty brco rsucd rhc rbore rclcrcoctd lictorc lor tfc posari<n of tbairro" arlufll
rhonua. tnd uttltu:n Srnca tbir oltcrirl r.l (onctnl,.tcd lroo ooo's'u'Gr ortCrirl ef I blpOdna Ot e
orncrdl ,.prr.troo prracs rhi<t ir oo bo3tr bcrog pcrforucl S:95 cubic ylrdr orrrtorly oo'rirc b Ac tArl
.,oo,r, X..,,.gc Miacrdr .il p"nr.... nc ftorl di;., cor tor thir nlcrirl D.' Dot crr6l166 b tbc &.ip
of our oprretron bccrur: I liccosc r:u nol irsucd u tbc ooscl rod Il rtts nol arrtt th|t orr prisl rould
JrJr.l'..i.ri.r of rslficicnr (onccalrlrjoo ro bc otrjonecd u ronrct orrtcrid. HrtE , HcritrG Mircrelr
l-,, ,o comply io r rcrpoasibl: orsacr ro rlt cov'rroo^grcoul hcsttl rsd ufcty brucr cooctni.S tbc propcr
t.ott.o9.t.lroarl conditroo of out gtc'
Our o6rrrroo her bcco rhur dour-riDct-tuly t9I-rad-r= dotot foocc rrr, fulctc--rrc.t u AL ritc rhkb
l^"ri iroau.. rddruoarl rourcr orrcrirl. Tbcrcforc. rc hrrt prtpr.rra thc errrchcd 'llu, rlccr' $rt vill cleblc
X.r,,.g. Itiacrrlr loc ro dirpoc o{ rbc orntarry uafprJcd Doriuo ud unduo ticl r6idu.l bcrrry aincrdr
-"a -ft,., gropoul io, on.urc dbFrd ir rutrjco ro N.R.C. tpprwd ui6ct th. Prwirktol oI l(Tf 2OJO1
in runrort v. our proporrl carub rtrryrrirg 6c 095 cubic yrrdr of ooorrirc grdcrirl to tL: lo2-id) arbrc prdl
C-Pof horr mrrcnd froo rhicl it ru dcrird
Fr,. ; =Tbc ogtrrrroa u crpcocd to t& rbrny xclr to c'roplctc'
=..E
E ::--
Tlc fira of Tcl66c lroopcr of wcJvoodt r-cu Jency. rill bc rcniacd ro-Psil fdttuf ii tbe
-p,.i.rrrr- A rL*af Fedurc. rnd,hcy urll Scocrlrc rll tbc rcquircd -E; ! :
On co,oplcrro o{rLb oFrrriorl pbirr rod rlt &coouaiaetino patdunr.I.l{1c f.OrofBlf coo6- L
,.q*j turvlv1 rad provrdc r.D, ncoEury dcnacntetbo lor HcritSr'r N'R,.C. ll-nrc tcrtraion '
Sbosld rb propor1 lor oa.gtc dirporl olrbc aoner.te oincrrl t o63 6ccl virb pur rggronl r rill ruboiS
iua r n C iorn Jl.r for liccnrc rrncadncnr rc6rrbcr wrrb uv r&tlioatl inforrertioo or critc?rr tbet y'uu orr
tcqul?t
'. I,j :.. r .. .(:..1 -,i, : t ]rO:': '- r .L . llkeE
PDR
11{515-
unlt grt
ROtm 70 MltE II^RXER.t
'P.O. BC'X 12.I,AXEHUFSr. l(, 0t7t3
?o1437-9oa, FAX 20t457-5tt
IIITI'AGf MlrEr^l.s Nc.
HFrvY MINFLA! s^ifirt@
I ltP_F i
:'llt T Ston3c. Hoocr
a
-
)(rO. p.p.aS.ltl.) Yi5.t50 9.p.tns M.)'
l,': T.t.H. Dix
Fccdcr
0'Siz Screca 0'Sr:c to ltrtc
It
r Fcrd Carqc
I so r.P.H. DiEi Fcc&r
-
I
L
!-. Puap SualP
I
Iv
5 Gf.tl. hne i
at
.S.M. Eorrr lrcrul (TH&U) errdna telca tr:ro r R C' rarpcdro rgon No
"qi4 1e Wrlt3
eeem)/t9or v
.\
\.\
FOUIE 70 UrtE UARXER.t
PO eox 12.l XEHURS'. tlJ C733
20r{57€qn FAx 20t55r.3t!.
Wc thral you foryout cooPcrllioa anrl cffrrr[ oa our bchell rnrJ lml torrud to ,ou, rcspon33.
Youn truly.
----tt:-e-
-.3Toay Cucube R.S.O.
CUcl En3ioccr
cc: -.ttr Dsoc Jr-thlnlc
f\cw Jcrrcy Sursau o[ Eavirrnmcntrl Rrdirtr<lo
,-\
\
-$ffiEl?A?lt
lt uBttAi i toull?oiv Goxl il lttloil
rrcloI I.rl AlltxDAtl ro^0
rhro ot trulr, nilttnvAxlA tElall
sEP 0t Bgt
John E. Glrnn' Chlrf
rriJicli, Attdirlc rnd Conrrclrl USC
3rfrtY Brrach' lllt3 - .
John 0. Klnnmtn, Cst*fi(
nrcirlr }lrttrtrli Srfr/v-Slctlon 0
fx/,/,t Dz-
Llclnrl lh.
lloclrt lh.
Coatrol llo.
[roourlfllt
ttl't3ll
0t0'0tlt0lllltl
rOt:
TRCI:
sriBJEC?: HERIIA0E ltlt{E!4l!,..1!c:r-DlsPosAt PUrl FoR }CI|^IlTE'uE'!' ' (iEinxicrt Astls?AtlcE REQtJtsr)
Hrrltrir lllnrrrll..tng.-dlrcontlaurd oPrrrltonl^lo July 1990' rad rtrtr thry
tii:::::'Iiili;i itl.:[' i;iitiiiti,ii:'llpnl',:l.i6Tii;:ill.i'Hil ''rt,. Th6 roar;ii-iini iinliini-Iuiui-2;000 picocurlo ol thortrrttt prr
arer (brrrd on .iiiirii ioi-riirii,i:aiil-ina I orv ornrtt, ct ttr drl rti.rlt'
iind i; apirorlmtrly 2'7 grur Prr cuDlc onttllt'?'
mrrttei-plrporm ln th.lr-!!tt!f drtrd trbrurry et'-1991 tm! !h!r un{ ?t :rmld rlih thr'tilriliii ioi'5oo-i'ui'c
'i{t
it pioqttr'rd tad' lo*rd tn thr
rrrvrsr rro?rer, ilfii;iatliiiiei,-iio-oireit.!. nin rrd .n.r (rrro rnon rr
ilil?ii:.i:t'i*,:iii:liliiir'ili.:;iilir":i.fli :::i.li::.1;lllliil- a.-
otcocurhr rhortrn-232 P.r gmr .ii-.i-irai.g.-Cirltv of-ltf qpr prr.crilc
[;;ii;;;. -";;il"riIl.iiro'irno-ii iiri- it'ri-o,oD primat rouio lrrrlrl Du
;i;it-;.e'lr not ilmand bv thr lllG'
Thr :onrtttl $nd rrrultrd-fra rrPrntlon.o? ttr tonltltt rleh r.rdr ?lU
tmrli:;,iiitlll*iliiilt::.i:'filii;#i:i;l i ..'r'1,:::l't.li:,1ij:.,
rtrh r|.r oth* rli6".iliiiiil.- itr ttirni, ln,adr to rlro rutr
r0 tht g,6ir of ltr Jrrrry orpr'&ii-ii-iiriioirritrt Protrctlol tc bl*r r
d..d r.ttrlctlort on tho prcplrtyfliiili rtri rrnd vlth r lryrr.ol roll' lrtd ult
th, rr.. rr r 9oli".iiiri.-'inri'.iiiiici itii otrpor of 6ottr.th. xRC llcarrd
'nd urd th. uad o? rrh rot rr *,biru Goncrntrltion rbout vtrrch ]UDED tr
coactratd.
Yr lrt th.r rttrrnrtlv[s
t. RrJrct tm propont out ol hrnd. o0llutlon lr no rolutloa. to Pcllutlcari
2. xrqurrt thrt thr llcrnlrt rubrlt th. lnfomrtlon rrqulrrd u r0 cFt
' 20.302i
S.Prrnttth.rctlvlt,,|thrpproprlrtcGontrolronthrflarlGonc.ntr.tloa.
It
Joha E. Gllan
tn=T[grraT-1rrtl r dr t.d Frbrul rY
Rrglon t ?rYorr th. thlr{ optlon' Thl roaltlf rlnd 3lr. trol thr rlttd rtrtch
ili, it;:ul,lilti' i': i;:'ii' *'l;,,lni1' lrf .ii!:i:iiillilli:'&il' i#
iftiTii;,*i.gii ,.::rli.t:li,:ll:,':: li:'olli,llll'1";illl'il,3l""on'
Ur vould tpprcclrtl poltcy guldrnc' on thl3 n'tt'?'
ionn 0. f,tnntltn, Chllfiritrit llrtrrlrli srlrtv Srctlon 3
Dlvlrlon of lrdlrclon Slfrt,
rnd Srfrgurrdr
28. l99l
)-t,,!
,
t.rn0nfiiDL'' 'cr, ,ill !;.!i llrlii.rgllll
0lrlrt-or cl lnaettrlrl lndffi-tycllr $rfr$, lt3l
It,tr! .r,l til$ ,tiii Ji'fi3ll3; !ll'l.rurrtoryi iiJ {'it l['-'i3'r-uri-tirrc[:-----Odnroa-oll,q:[cvr I llu tr lllal0nnt
rnd Orcolluloalngr ItlS
Itclilcll rlsltlltict tt0u3!! (Ilf l!'90fllHiiiiiifliliuii,-ilc.'; 0tgiogrt tLil tol m.rArlrt $n
If h.rr r|vhnd ttrr hchntcrt ArrlltlGcs-l|qtt!!! lrr lr;lor l-ti't rlt li
;.i;;i'l- io.ili' i;i ldilii'ii ; r- il'ij[ri el. - l'tl r II? riAr ?i.,{ ll| lhr l trp
[3,fi Lill'f,i,T-ifi#,'3llflllu' lfi :'iilsl [,rilt5n il, r,r0,
;::H il,:, fl {{flfrlrlffil *j;ii.iil rr!r3rr,*:il*.rir.rr,,
$eurSd nrcoiil t a{- Dr-f,{ F5
2,rm llrB rll! aot .tL?! ;H l!:;l'l,3il ilffi .ti'xil$iid[ ffiliiHli'illfl 'Til'll3'l';rr!;'i:;ru'hii'iriiil liiffiiti-or|i il'l fmr3lil, -
i? fir:xil,t3'!.ll'f llilil !',x:I P, s||Il.fi H,l3lrrJliiifr :t,'
'i ri* ffi iliit'{r*' fi ilq#iill::H,., "oaly rr r ;:
i:ll*i g'H-rt-th tor'trtr t'c' rt m
Il3 ilfflii;rfflrt?rfr31".llrr vrtuu rer.prrnrrl ry,a .r rtt tt ,":_
jii ci r oi ;ilL.:.tur- turdi'lTl-,$ffi i:iif*i m:il lff[lli'[il',"',
-ilf- w'
t_
[x/,-/,t' ) =
ul{l?lD llr?lliluct:Ai n:b uuroiY coumlltlorli1!;q!?CI C G tf
:'!3 t g -.'o3n
[iiriiiilTi; -;i-i$' iii rii -
( trrr rr iiar 0.0t errortiic 'Drtc:'lta raH' ??lcl!oi 3r rt rtrrtr 1l'r'r
iorcr :rdc: lrl DY- nlftl).
aratl
rr t ?
rlcir I, l. lllcllY
ltsrlYlr, ln rrr I trY
ra, Tlllrls tA lrtr tctyll annurl ;Ygrl!l
cllrurtrc !0ll Tatlt'
ITUTJIg
vllull iry Dl rrGhIir lollttag rrr
esl[,ll'llffi.':
Prthrrr)
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hr l*prng nrth uur rllxunhulr r.l lhc Auiurl 10. l9t { nrdtnl rl lrnu ofllr.sr.
llcrrlrgrlrr-rr*n-rrtd-r:uultttttyr rrltrul; ctr'rultttl ellenutlrcr lol dtrprrrl ul thr nttmrAls
prtc urxl t,r Jcrr'l,rp I x'lrcrluic lrr rlu$otttrttmtrrn urrl rlr,r,ntilllllllht tl)rtllt thf lnrrlttf Ar
yop fsr*,llnlr rru xtelrl rltrrrlrr wxlcl r;rrnrtrlcnltrrtt. grih of whtsh ttt$flvcr rltlh'rrnl
trrutr thrl mUil tn ddnrrd
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Jxrpnlrl oprlrinr tr tlrrrtdn, tr cxplortnl;xultlrlc $oryc r)plhlnt. rrrd h ctphlrlry rllrprd
irptinnr rn ihr *rrtcm IInrted Slalir llrr ('ontJunf ir nho invcrtigrltng lhe rcchnit'n'rtd
rsguhlull trrrrr lrxrrritlsd ntlh rrn rttc rltrJxrrrl ilr'tnlnr'tx\,ill" m thc lrrjc lr\c on tlN
propil) ('ortttrlclrttl tltlontullon rlsrrhrJrd trr lhlr Funl End lhc l0|rtnshtrg h{dnf
rTtilr[ ol lrlr. Nrrtriltlxt dtl{l l]s(r.ilrttt. I lclttrrys rllrmElci thct tha c'tclurllott ol tha
rnfurltt1 ol lhc rot.our oplhrnr rm br srtttplrlrd h1 lhc cttrl ol l'chnrrrl, lrrgt rnd firl fit
(i'rtpln, slruulJ ltc uhtr. to |ttrrl\rtr'u l)&l) rt'ltcrlule ut lhtt lltne I rtill lccp trou up tu dltr
rrn pnrltstr hont Utnr lrr llsp-' Itt r'urr thc l'shrusr; dllc hrttrncl tltlrarthle lot nlme rs&rrm
or r l)&l) xlr+dulc cut hc lrrrlFrrrrd x}onc].
At h'lrl lirr thc trtrtt h.rn1.. .rurgo har dr.ctrh'd lo rcqpl'1t lhrl NR(' rur;xtxl
stllltdr'trtlttrl rrt tlr ]t'rlur.rl l.r nu\ lhc ntrnaltle ptlc ntllt uther latltttg. ttlulr'ttll ill lht'iltrj
.t tlr56
sHAw. Prrrurx. Pot-rt G Tnowtnrpo: '{f/ '.!: fI r'-tIilf,, cra.{il}t|l;!D t .I, J/ -T
rrb }. tttltl tt ww|ttllr|Iltrr. e o ll|r.lrt' 1tlll tB Htrl'trlr,rt fr ..|-.|t,
e"Out trGoom mF' I. r0 G{llt
1ixrw. ?lrrHAN. Porrr t Truwailoo[
a aaa ttl aatrt .eDr vr't,tt'f f 'El'"
r"tt'lttDtl
Mr. Jolrn Xnrrun
tE-toh.r 7. lt (lrl
Prrc t
I lcntElc. ;lr1lsfrrrc. hcrchl rcrlu$illi rhrt NR(' uithrlrun lhul prolrr-al tionr lclire rsgululrtrl
-'ritttili"'rrn ncndlnT I h'rtrrgi"r purttttl tt' lhd tthcnultrt'l nolerl rthrve'
\R(' nrll trt plrard tu knor thnt llerr.rgc is octirctl dissusring sitc rcmediation
i'utr wirh rtrr ruri rrguiurory aulhryirier and rhur ir moving fonrsrl on I bro*l nile of
irr*r 16 achirryr s;1e clo;rulc in rr nrnnncl thttt v rll lntiu$'lny rr:3ulul(ry or othcr lrllsnlirl
f,riit* hralrh on,t *itiy crrtrcrnt -llcnmgeapprtt'iatg NR("r cffirrtl t. urrrk toBflhc] lo
shr.,C thl! t[Utlhll Uoul srdt r*rptt to Nlt(' lrsrns*{ rnatcrinlr
i':VcrYrrulF1rru+
' it"
Ailhon1 Pmn
Al I ulr
EXHIBIT E
JF tt
IxrcIol No.04$0E9t0
PROM:
$T'BIEL'T:
orr mcmonndum drrcd seprcmhr l, l99l n{uc1!rq rechnlcrl rullnner ln th3 nvlrw of r
il'p*J ii* rrr.riri,lrt lirnmiifii und u rir miinje Mlrcrnlr', lrc. prgryrtl curhrncd
rn lncorrc.t ,rlx oi'l H ptcauAar por tnm for lhr rvcnlo soncrnlrntlut of tltollum'232 ln
"nOr
fn
"rod
ln rrou fn",[n u thc dtvry3 lh]rllo ilse, ftx'y(lul trlllngt lrnm, nnd tlr orlllnd
il f..d .rg (ihe Ulrr rnA 3rny nrcr4. iIo vai-uo dxruld ft I I ylc<*utlor of thoriunt'3l2 por
iioi,, ,i ra,iJ iront rtro* ricri. Thlr nunrhcr h brrd ,r0 !c.n urntptrlto xtttplsr thrl wclt
iollcct d on octobcr ri, rprlo from thorc rrrnr, qd.TtyrnO lrr ttn tJnn I lrbonpry urlnj
ir'iiiri*rr 3crmrnlurn drrctor rnd o mrrttl<hrnml rnrlyier. lTro rarulu rr llrtod ln our lotrr
ro Heritere Uincmir Orrcd Marsh 22, 1991. ltc nrirplct wcrc-rrnrlyrcrl for rstinium'228
il;;Tl"'r.,fi,r.riro rrratcrirl in fho rrndr ir tnrwir to bo thorlum, -ruumod lo bc ln
ii-iriuri,i, *iirr ir, ,r.rjhtrr. Jtr. fy.r.rf conoonlnlloo ol tttt lS lmPl1 h I I pioocuttol
;i;ihiil.22g pcr lffi;ir"d, *hi"h n-prcrartr rpprurlmrrely I I pleosurler olthorlum'23l
pcr trim. ,Ihh irilptidr I conccntnilon'of rpp.rorimrtcly 22 plcauricr of totrl thorium
ffirirrr2Zg nnd rho'riunr.2l3) Fr gnm of nnd'in thcr rror. '11r toml volunn of mnd in
lhcsr arcu t, appuriiniricii rm,.1m1ublc yaldl rccorrtlng lo lt'.r.lcltcr frorn llcriugc lrlincnlr
;;il r;;*ry it, Ig,ri.- furinj'rhc {yiy^tf [.t tnpr pcr cubic ccntimclct dctcrmlnod fmm
nil*n srnrplei ..oit.*r*o on rxiotrcr I l, tmt, the totrl rnirr of ranrt lr calculatcrl to he 1.2 lil I
;il: ;iftJ rur*t quantlty of thoriurn ir crlculrtqt to bc 2.6 lil2 picu'uricr.
frLl."t E
JAtt 09 teez
lJcsrr No. SMD'lal
lohn D, Klnncmq, Chlof
llcrcrrch. Dcwlopm.nl, ud DE omm'$ionin3 licctton
Nrrler Mrtorlrlr Srfttftnnctr+RSs' Rl
CORBE TED NFL IMATION FOR THR HRRTTAOB
uixnmur, INcoRFoBATBD DIsFoSAL Pl,rtN rcF
MONAZI',I'E rTllcHNIcAL A$Sls:r NClt lllrJulisil' DATtsl,
SB}TBMBBR 3. le9I}
Orl'tcAl, Rl:coltD coPY uril{
ffi-F
t{Q-ri::r
2
fie tour vorumc of monarirc srnd is estimatcd by Hcriugc lrrincrars in thcir Febnnry 28. l99l
*f*"m*W1gf'#[4
ffififlqfi$$qgg1g'g''rui':t*imm:*';'Hi'ff
Hin'rl
. r ^.t-^- -^rrl
r,i:ir,,i,,u,.wourrrr*isprc.*,":,-+ilr{*1{'ni:tit***l'l';i+:ffi
;iiltnl gt;;lmUl[J,l["'Iii'1,i,',lfiji.E"rr; ;*nlsand' or 0'03s' rf is
lYoo, rrrs wrtDrr"-:lJrCO
rourcc matCrral.*oultl not be coltl(
,rcu* norc rhrr rhe ricense suppliur a rlow chart in-rhe t;Uffi#*fi,htli'ilffililifr
l$ffi;r'':T;ih:ffi lH:r;Tm."#r:i##'"!"'il;p,il;.ry:iriopioo,*."
ll#rirffi,,ffi fr :'lxiiltqt'lf}f{eit'.1'**ii',*1'3h$I1;HUI
sr rnonaz i a sand i r rni r cd *it
-T'. ;Yf f :;,1i JT:1,:t $\:rgt
nt..rL'lrnr E r.v"
VflUe; fie diffihnlf our calculated , . . :- r..r m,
ilfuHril]ffiIif:'llixi$:'ffiJr;LHl':'f,3[':]"T:'T'J,':"'H'1ixilffi;:
rhorium
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ruu/At
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144 t'
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b/4,b,/ r
xlc
CLES
HELEN E. SHEEHAN ' RICHARD P. WEDEEN
Editors
LUU IiUUVIUD
hIATI OI{AL I.ABORATOHY
t
Enaironmental Hazards
from the Workplace
into the CommanitY
JAN 2 5 l9e4
Br iH#'ryii
Rutgers l)niuersity Press o Nant Brunswick, Nr.p lersey
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TABLE 5.2
$R.r and raRa(MsTh,) Disintegration
l]t :t:. .R.r l;r Nrr '\t l'rr lti I'tt 11
226 )a7
?lt 2l'l
214
214
210
210
210
2(b
lrhysic.rl ilhxlc rrf
I l.rii-l.iir' l)r't.rr'
1622 Yt'ars a,'l
3.85 drYs (t, 7
3.05 nrin. a, F-
26.8 min. 9-, t
19.7 min. a, P-,'l
16{ micnrsec. a- 19.,1 vears F-, t
5'00'daYs a,9-
l3E.$ daYs a,'r
Stable
Classitirl
Srlnhrl N.ttttr'
Radium
Radon
Radium'A
Radium-B
Radium{
Radium{'
Radium-D
Radium'E
Radium-F
Radium4
::nR-
-:RrrItilro
:l.Ph
:lrBi
2l{po
2roPb
2,oBi
2roPo
rbPb
?j28u
tL8
224
Mesothoriuml
Mesothoriuml
Radioihorium
Thorium'XThorun
-Thorium'A
Thorium'B
5.75 years
6.13 hour6
l.9l years
3.5i1 daYs
55.6 scc.
0.16 s.t.
l0.fr{ hours
p-
9-, to.'lo,'la,'l
(l
9-. t3S.r 65''i0 P-,1
alItt
aiRa
aAc
l2*nl
u'Ra
uRn
"nPa,212 :l:l'b216
ara :r:Bi Thorium-C f{).5 min.
.,. ''' :r:i',, 'l'horitrm-C' 0.311 nricnrxrt.ir- l(ls '\Fl'l 'l'ltrrrittnr-(- J'l trlin'
2(I9 !"1't' 'l'lrorilrnr-l) sl'rolt'
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{Petrow, H. G. 1966. A Study of the Distribution of Ra-226, Ra-228, plr-Zll
and rh-228 in Bone and sofl Tissue ol Rndiwn Dial Painters. ph.D. dissertation,
New York University.
sMole, R. H. 1979. "Carcinogenesis by Thorotrast and Other Sources ofIrradiation, Especially Other a-emitters." Etlironnrcntal Re.scarcll l8:
192-2t5.
6Norris, W. P.; Speckman, T. W.; and Gustafson, P. F. 1955. ,,Studies of
the Metabolism of Radium in Man." Anrcricon lounnl ol Roentgenotogy
73t785-8U2.
^__
TRundo, J.; Essling, M. A.; and Huff, D. R. 1976. ,,Gross Dstribution of-oRa in Man from External Counting." lnThe Health Eflects of plutonium and
Radium, ed. W.S.S. lee, 4@-420. Salt Lake Ciry, Utahi J. W.'press.
EMarshall, l. H. 1969. "The Retention of Radionuclides in Bone.,, ln
pepye! tffegls of Bone-Seeking Radionuclides, ed. C. W. Mays et al., 7-27. Satt
Lake City: University of Utah Press.
eMaletskos, C. f.; Keane, 4. T.; Telles, N. C.; and Evans, R. D. 1969."Retention and Absorption of z'Ra and elh and Some DosimetricConsid-
erations of ""Ra in Hu-man Be!ngs." ln Delayed Effects of Bone-Seeking kr-
diottuclides, ed. C. W. Mays et a1.,2949. Salt [^ake City: University ofUtah
Press.
r9Sharpe, W. D. 1974_.llClrro1ric Radiun Intoxication:_Clinicat and Au-topsy Findings in Long--lierm,New Jersey Survivors.o Environmenlal Re-
search 8:243-383. Contains a detailed bibliography of reports of the New
.Jersey Radium Researdr Prorect.
tlSome historians have tried to make this into a male capitalist vs. fe-
male laborer issue, but the company's owner and chief,cheririst Uotn aiea
of radium intoxication, and the truth is that at the time nobody appreciated
how dangerous radium was.
r2Berg, Samuel. 7978. Harrisott Stonford Martlotd, 168-190. New york:
V.antage Press, has a first hand summary of Dr. Martland's investigation of
the radium cases. Dr. Bqg ryqs, at the time, a resident and junior aitendingpathologist at Newark City Hospital.
I3Blum, Theodor. 1924. "Osteomyelitis of the Mandible and Maxilla.,,
Jourrul of thc American Dental As*ciation 11:802-805.
,.T1 " body-of Miss A. M., first dial painter to die, aged E, and who
"used practically to eat the paint," on September 12,l92.iwas exhumed in
7927 in connectionwith a lawsuit against the company. She had iaw necro-
sis with jugular vein erosion and sepsis, and her-death had been certified
as dueJo s-yphilis. Her bod-y-contained 48.4 pCi of 226Ra. See St. George,A. V.; Gettler, A. O.; and Muller, R. H. 1929. "Radioactive Substances ii a
Body Five Years After Death." Architxs ol Pathology_(_Ch_ic9go) Zz39Z-405.tlw}"l the AIDS epidemic hit New York City in 1980-198t, hospirat
pathologists knew that they faced a new disease, but didn't know what it
was. It took two or three years to sort it out, and for the horror to set in.r€astle, W. B.; Drinker, Katherine R.; and Drinker, C. K. 1925.,,Necro-
sis of the Jaw in Workers Employed in Applying a Luminous Paint Contain-
ing Radium." lournal ol Industriol H-ygiene 7:377-382.
- t-w. D._srtARpE TheNao lers'
tTCloutier, R. l. 1980. "Flore
Health Phy sics 39 z7 17 -716.
rsMartland, H. S. 1925. "So
Handline of Radioactive Subst
cal Sociefi, N.S. 25:88-92.
reMartland, H. S.; Conlon, I
nized Dangers in the Use and
nal of the Aircrirrin Mectical Asxr
aMartland, H. S. 1931. "Th
Persons." Anrcrican lournal of C
2rGoldmark, JosePhine' 19!
Slory, 189-2O4. Urbana: Univer
zHoffman, F. L' 1925' "Rad
Aierican Medical Assrriation 6
man with the clinical definitioi
238. 8., the Patient rePorted
and Lawrenc6, C. f. 1960. "c
Case RePort." Anrcrican Jourt
Fldpc. which she much enioY
staffine Miss Carole Lombarcl
dial piinter, and is occasionall
2{Bloomfield, l. t., and Kno'
Dial Painting. II. OccuPationa
l5:368-382.
EFlorence Kelley to H' S'
chives, New terseY Medical Sr
eschwartz, Louis; Knowle:
1933. "Health AsPects of Rac
lounwl of lndustriil HYgiene 15
!7Evans, R. D. 1943' "Prott
q,ists from lniury bY Radium'
fooa tr--itY bf [he state ot
zsNational Bureau of Stand
nous ComPound. Handbook H
Office.
29H. S. Martland to F' B' Fl
veats ago I refused to examin
it "t y iitigation.' (NIMSA)
3oSharpe, W. D. l97l' 'Rad
tin of thc'Nm Yo* AademY ot
socill details of this unusuall
3tliondale Bleach Works v
rU.S. Radium CorP. v'
178A.271, affirmed in 116 N'
33P. L. 1926, chaP. 31, 62'
rLaPorte r'. U.S. Radium
'E
lrrrlirrrr rri Rrr-llt,, Rrr-l-lo', Pb-210
)ial Paiitcrs. Ph. D. dissertation,
horotrast and Other Sources of
Enaironnwial Researcll 18:
rstafson, P. F. 1955. "studies of
neriun lournal ol RoentgenologY
R. 1976. "Gross Distribution of
he Health Effects of Plutonium and
City, Utah: l. W. Press'
of Radionuclides in Bone'" In
ed. C. W. MaYset al.,7-27'Salt
N. C.; and Evans, R. D' 1969'
'h and Some Dosimetric Consid-
vlavcd Effccts of Eorrr-Sr'ckirlS Rn-
rtt LXe CitY: UniversitY of Utah
n Intoxication: Clinical and Au-
,r Survivors." Enuironnrcntal Re'
iography of rePorts of the New
his into a male caPitalist vs' fe-
t "r ar,d chief cheririst both died
t at the time nobodY aPPreciated
I Martlattd. 168-190. New York:
rf Dr. Martland's investigation of
l, a resident and iunior attending
. of the Mandible and Maxilla"'
:802-805.
rinter to die, aged 25, and rvho
:ember 12, 1922, w as exhumed in
:he companY. She had iaw necro-
rnd her'deaih had been certified
8.4 pCi of 26Ra. See St. George,
r29. "Radioactive Substances in a
f PathologY (Chicago) 72397-405'
/ork CiW in 1980-1981, hosPital
disease, but didn't know what it
out, and for the horror to set in'
and Drinker, C. K. 1925. "Necro-
rlying a Luminous Paint Contain'
7377-W.
Tlrc Neut Jersey Radium Dial Worlcers 165
rlCltrrrtier,R.J.l980."Flt>renceKellevandtheRatiiunrDialPairrters'"
Heal th P hysics 39 :7 71 -7 16 -
rsMartland, H. S. 1925. "Some Unrecognized Dl1ge-r.s in the Use and
Hu.,,ati^f of Radioactiv" Srbrt"n."r ." Proieedings of the New York Pathologi-
cal Society, N.S. 25:88-92.
rsMariland, H. S.; ionlon, Philip; and Knef, J' P' 1925: "Some Unre-cog-
nir"a6ur,te., ir, tn"G" ana nariafing-of Radioactive substances." lour-'*t
o1 tii i^ii*n Mediut As*ciationS5:1769-1776'
eMartland, H. S. 1931. "The occurrence of I'Ialignancy in Radioactive
Persons." American lournal ol Cancer 15:2435-515'
2tGoldmark,Josephine.'Tg53.lmpatient.Crusader:FlorenaY'elley'sLifc
Story, ltrle-ZC/.. 0.U""a, University of Illinois Press'
-zHoffman"F.L.1925.aRadium(Mesothorium)Necrosis"'lournaloflh:
Americarr Medical arrilatiii, a!:ior-gos. Martland always credited Hoff-
-.; *iit =tfi" clinical definition of radium osteonecrosis'
238. 8., the patient reported in detail in Glenn, J. A.,lr.; Galindo, Joseph;
and Larvrence, C. e .'i6oO.
-"Chronic Rarjium Poisoning-in-a-Dial Painter:
Case Report ." ar,r)iri"" iuui*t. tr/' Ror'rrlScrrolocu 83:'16H73' sw Hazt:l
Flaoo whith she nruch enioved. A lg37 moti6ii picturg' Mlhing Sntetl'
lill;L, iiirl t;,;il1;;;li'a "na Mr. Fredric Mirch,ls arso based on a
aiui fri"t"t, and is occasionally shown on television'
2aBlogmfield, J. J., and Knowles, F. L. 1933' "Health 4:p$t of.Radium
Di"l p"i;ii;;. n: oilp;tton"t Enrironment." lournal ol Industriol Hygiene
15:368-382.
EFlorence Kelley to H. s. Martland, letter dated March 28, l9?9, Ar'
.f,ir"r, Nu* l"tt"f rta"ii.tiSttt*t, Newark' (Hereafter N|MSA)
26Schwartz, Louis; Knowles, F. L.; Britten, R' H'; and Thomp-son' L' R'
1933. ,,Healtn erp"&, of nualum t)i"l P.intlr,g. I. Scope and Findings."
lournn! of lndustriit Hvgiene 15:362-367'
tTEvans, R. D. 194;. "Protection of Radium Dial Workers and Radiolo'
gists from Iniurv bv iadium'' lournal ttl tnttustrial HySiele ?5:25,3-269' is a
;il';;;;;'tLi[," "t"t" of radium piotection at the time'
28National Bureau of standards . :|l,a7. sale Hanttling ol Radio'Actitx Lunti' --
uuu, coiipo"na. HriJfoo[ H27. Washingtbn, D.c.: Government Printing
Office.
2eH. S. Martland to F. B. Flinn, letter dated March 29' l93O: -[O]ver-two
vears aso I rerrs"a to-eru-in" "ny living cases to avoid becoming involved
ir, "t y iltigation." (NIMSA)
ssharpe, w. D. lgil . -Radium osteitis with osteogenicSarcoma." Bulle'
titt of the Nsar Ytrrk ;;,;:,";;;iMt'drcirrc'17:1059-1082' presents medical and
.Jlt a"t"ilt of this unusually difficult patient'
3rLiondale Bleach Works v' Riker' 85 N' J' L' 426'
32U.S. Radium Corp. v. Globe Indgmn-rJy .C:::. 13 N' l' Misc' 316
tzsi-it,affirmed i" iro N' l' L'90, 182A'626 (1935)'
33P. L. 1926, chap. 31, 62.
vlaPorte v. U.S. Radium CorP', 13 F Supp' 263 (1936)'
166 W. D. SHARPE
s5Waste from radium extracted ores was used as landfill in the then-rural
areas of Glen Ridge and Montclair. With the suburban building boom that
followed World War II, houses were built on these filled areas, some of
which now-c-rtnlain what are regard€d=s-u-naeeePtatly hi8h-fevefs'of ra'--- -
don. See, e.g., Ns.r, YorkTinrcs, July 1, 1989, announcing plans to dig up
and to haul away some 50,000 tons of "radioactive soil" in Essex County,
New Jersey, at a cost of about $53 million.
$Sharpe, W. D. 7976. Chronic Radium Intoxication: Morphology of
Bone and Marrow lnfarcts. lnThe Health Effects ol Plutonium and Radium, ed.
w.S.S. lee, 457-483. Salt Lake City, Utah: J. W. Press.
rTSharpe, W. D. 1983. "Chronic Radium Intoxication: Radium Osteone-
crosis an'd Cancer in Relation to 226Ra Burdens." Health Physics44(suppl. 1):
149-r54.
slooney, W. B. 1958. "Effects of Radium in Man." Science 727:63V633.
DBarrer, L. A.; Henle, Carye-Belle; Bonda, R.; and Fisher, H. W. 1963.
Atlas of Currenl Roentgenographic Findings in the Nant lerxy Radiutn Cases.
Trenton: New Jersey State Department of Health, NYO-2751.
sHunter, D.7978. The Disenses ol Occulxrtiotrs, 6th ed., 889-902. London:
Hodder and Stoughton.
{llittman, M. S.; Kirsh, I. E.; and Keane, A. T. 1978. Radium-lnduced
Malignant Tumors of the Mastoid and ParanasalS_inuse_si-AnrerianJournal _
of Roe n t ge nolo gy l3l zV3-785.
oMarlland, H. S. 1929. "Occupational Poisoning in Manufacture of Lu-
minous Watch Dals." lournal of the American Medial Assciation92:45il473'
552-559.
sThe lirst deaths, in New Jersey, from occupationally"rdlated ionizing
radiation occurred among young men at Thomas A. Edison's laboratory in
West Orange who, shortly before the turn of the century, worked on the
development of a fluoroscope demonstrated at the Columbian Exposition,
but that is another story.
nMole, R. H. 1990. "A-Particle lrradiation and Human Leukaemia."
British lournal of Radiology, in press.
{sMartland, H. S. 1926. "Histopathology of Certain Anemias Due to
Radioactivity. " Prueedings ol the Nal York Pathological Sociely N.S. 26:65-72.
tuster, R. P. lWA. An Atlas ol the Bld and Bone Marrw),2d ed., 2l&
219. Philadelphia: W. B. Saunders Co.
.tooney, W. B.; Hasterlik, R. J.; Brues, A. M.;-and -Skirmont, E. 1955.
"A Clinical Investigation of the Chronic Effectsof Radium Salts Adminis.
tered Therapeutically (19f5-f931)." Americon lournal ol Roenlgenology 73:
1m-r037.
sHasterlik, R. !., and Finkel, A. I. 1965. "Dis€ases of Bones and toints
Associated with Intoxication by Radioactive Substances,. Principally Ra'
dium." Medical Clinics of North Ameriu 49:285-D6.
{eSpiers, F. W., Lucas, H. F.; Rundo, J.; and Anast, Georgia A. f983.'
"Leukaemia Incidence in the U.S. Dial Workers.' Health Plrysics tl4(suppl'
l):65-72.
The Natt lerseY 1
$Polednak, A. P.; Stehney, A.
Among Male Workers at a Thor
44(suppl. 7):239-251.srMoiil;IGto,ffii; N. ; anc
sis of Japanese Thorotrast-Adminis
(Supp. 7)t281-292.
s2stebbings, J. H.; Lucas, H. F.; a
Cancers of Maior Sites in Female l'
of lndustrial Medicine524 459.
$Moloney, W. C. 1987. "Radiogr
908.
5.H. S. Martland to Sir HumPht
(NJMSA).
sPolednak, A. P.; StehneY, A. I
Among Women First EmPloYed Be
ing Iniustry." American lournal of E
s5Occupational and environmen
seriously, and atthough the dedinr
is worri'some, more ieallY useful
lost simply through failure to ask 1
The Neu lersey Radium Dial Worlcers 167
i as larrdfill in thc then-rural
.rburban building boom that
these filled areas, some of
rcceptably high levels of ra'
rnnouncing Plans to dig uP
rctive soil" in Essex CountY,
ntoxication: MorPhologY of
of Plutonium and Radium, ed.
'. Press.
:oxication: Radium Osteone-
." Health PhYsics '14(suPPl. 1):
1 Man.llsere nce 127 :630-633.
R.; and Fisher, H. W. 1963'
llre Narr lerscv Radiunt Cases.
,lth, NYO-2761.
's, 5th ed., 8f;9-902. London:
A. T. 1978. Radium-lnduced
al Sinuses." Anrcrican lounnl
onine in Manufacture of Lu'
led iolt Assoc ia t ion 92" 46t47 3,
cupationally related ionizing
n"t e. Eaiion's laboratory in
ithe century worked on the
-rrthe€olumbia n ExPosition,
n and Human Leukaemia."
of Certain Anemias Due to
ological SrietY N.S. 25:65-72'
nd Bone Manw,2d ed., 218-
i-
. M.; and Skirmont, E. 1955'
Js of Radium Salts Adminis-
n lournal ol RoentgenologY 73:.
Diseases of Bones and foints
r Substances, PrinciPallY Ra-
-296.
rnd Anast, Georgia A. 1983.
.ers." Health Physics 44(suPPl'
ilPolednak, A. P.; Stel'rne1', A' F; and Lucas' H' F 1983' "Mortality
Amonq Male workerr'li"i'ri orium-Processing Plant." Health Physics
+a1sup"pl. l):239-251- . ^ r^o, cr^,.-r:--r a-
srMori, T.; Kato, Y.; Aoki, N.; ald Hatakeyama' S' 1983' Statistical Analy'
sis of Japanes" rno.otruli]natninitt"tua Autopsy Cases' Health Physics 44
(Supp. 1)2281-292. ^ r t6o, ,,rr^*.r1a, f52stebbings, J. H.; Lucas, H. F.; and Stehney, A' F' 1984' "Mortality hom
Cancers of Maior Sit"s'ii f"r""j" nuair. Diii Workers.' Am,,i,,n lounul
of Industriat Uidicitu 5:435-459'
ssMoloney, W. C. 1d'' "Radiogenic Leukemia Revisited'' Blod70.9O5-
908.
5{H. S. Martland to Sir Humphrey Rolleston' letter dated April 2' l93l
(NIMSA).
ssPolednak, A. P.; Stehney, A. F.; and-R-owland'-R' E' 1-978' "Mortality
Among Women Fi*t E;;ilila-a"i"t" 193o in the U'S' Radium'Dial Paint'
ing Industry ." anrr,,co'i- llourital of Epiderrriolo3v 107:179'195'
sOccuPationat and enr,ironmental causes of disease are still not taken
seriously, and althougi'ii" J"tri^" in the number of autopsies performed
is worrisome, more ,:iil;;;i epidemiotogic informaiion is probably
i;J;ilii'iiit"rln r'ir"rt to ask paiients appropriate queshons'
Radithor and the Era of
Mild Radium Therapy
RogerM. Macklis, MD
Soon after the discovery ol radium, a school ol practitioners arose who were
interested primarily in lhe physiologicalratherthan the lumoricidal powers olthis
new radioactive elemenl. This treatment philosophy was called "mild radium
therapy" and involved the oral or parenteral administralion ol microgram quanti-
ties of radium and its daughteiisotopes, olten as cures lor rheumatic diseases,
hypertension, and metabolic disorders. Manulaclurers ol patent medicines re'
spbnded to this market by producing a variely ol over-the-countel radioactive
pieparations inctuding pills, elixirs, and salves. One such noslrum was Radithor,
b popular and expensive,mixture ol radiurn 226 and radium ?28 in distilled water.
nlOitfror was advertised as an efleclive lreatment lor over 150 "endocrinologic'
diseases, especially lassitude and sexual impolence. Over 400 000 bottles,
each conlaining over 2 p0i Fa kBq) ol radium, were apparently marketed and
sotd worldwide between 1925 and 1930. The death ol the Pittsburgh millionaire
sportsman Eben M. Byers, who was an avid Radithor user, by radium poisoning
in 1932 brought an end to this era and prompted the development ol regulatory
controls lor all radiopharmaceuticals.
(Jrl.lrA. I{tl{Jf6l:61t1418)
:
THE DISCOVERY and pulifieation of such arr impoftant part of the medical
ratlium bv the Curies in 1898 faseinatecl atmamentarium that the Welfarre Coun-
the geneiral public and soon beeame one cil of Nen' 1-or* proudly.drerv-attention
of tie greaf seientific media etents of to the fact that the hospitals ofthat city
the 2fti eenturl.rHere sas an elenrent alone lrossessed nrore thal 12 g of radi-
that seemecl to glow in the dal'k and um (tr.orth almost $1 million) and rverc
_--prur:i<lecl-a pqr:tab!e--e!d 4eErlr:jrc.1---- ou thelgrllpnllpllp developnrent of
--
jraustible soiute of pos'erful loentgen De\\'teehniques in radium therapl'.r gv-
rar.s. \\'ithil a year of its cliseoterl'. e4'inrportant metlieal sehool sought to
Eur.opean physiblogists rvere eslrd- establish a radium treatmetrt center'. At
n ",rting wiih'radium and its daughter larvald, the Huntin$on lUemorial Ra-
isotopei as tlratments for cancei antl dium Hospital n'as opened in l9l2and
rai.ious beniga skin eonditions. and by adtettisetl tadium narcl beds for $8 a
If)00 similarlnvestigations s'erc being da1'. Tleatnrents \rert given in ptivate
lrur.sued b1'l4,illiam Rollins. lID. at thi telephone booth-sized ettbicles. and the
boston Cii1. Hospital.*" r'aluable t'adiunr itself u'as.kept in a but'-
See arso p 6re. ;lHlJi':J,flli-".]iir:.,.};fl,..f;n:lil""1
patients being tteated arrrrually in the
This "Curie-therap1" sas hailed as a
l'eleonre adjtrvant to sttrgetl eslrccial-
ll in the tttatment of maligpaneies of
tlre facial antl genitat regions u'hetrc t'atl-
ieal sruEery' *'as diffieult. dangetutts.
uxl disfigu:ing.-Madanre Cut'ie rron tl'o
Nobel pt'izes and her trip to .{,merica in
l!)21 ri'as transfotmed into a set'ies of
$'histle-st op Photo opportunities. n'hich
placed het'amorrg the henres of the Irerr
age of technologv. By 1927. t'adinm sas
t*nited States and Eurc;re.
MILD BADIUM THERAPY
IUost of the early Curie-thempy made
usc'of thE destttetite pos'em of the beta
and ganrnra emissiorrs of rudium and its
daughter elenrents. The penetrating na-
tute of these high-enet'pX' enrissions
nrade it possible to use sealed radiunr
soul'ces. arranged irr fised geometries
rrithin the tnmor bed. to sterilize rcla'
titell' large aleas of eancer-infested tis'
sue." The dosimettic plitrciples devel-
oped b1' the earll' Cutie-therapists
prrted the t'a1' fot'the cttrtent nse of
setrlerl radioaetite sotu'ces in cuneet
tttiltnleDt. Bt.ach.vthet'411'. as this is
/140
E..1n rh€ Joinl Centel lor Badration The.a!:, Diaa1.-'ir: el R6oraiton Therapy. Harva,d Mer.cat Si'l:
3.'s:." L,lass
F€i. r: €or€srs lo Joitt Cenle, 16r F56,9;;1'. -';';.-, tria ar:rFFt ct Badralion Therer.j .la?ra' J Ll€ : :'=
S.--:,- -(i,F r":..St.6oston. trF 3;..3tC..jac, -.
tr4
..
.1':t. Augusl 1. :99Q-i3'!(: l.: 3
now called, rcmains an important
branch of radiation oncology, and the
study of the eellular and molecular dam-
age induced by ionizing radiation domi-
nates modern biomedieal radiation
resear"ch.
Yet this was not always the case. In
the early decades ofthis century, a sec-
ond approaeh to radium therapy arose,
an approach that had its roots in the
grrcat Amedcan homeopathic and physi-
cal medieine mol'ements of the late l9th
centurl'. Called'tnild radium thera1ry,"
to differrcntiate it fim the harsh de-
structive tr€atments of the cancer phy-
sieians, this appruach to radiation medi-
cine u'as nore closely allied n'ith
endocrinologl' than oneology and ulas
preclicated on the idea that radiation,
when used in small doses, was a powerl
ful metabolicratalyst.?
A Physlologlcal Bole lor
Alpha Partlclc Radlatlon
The exact biochemicel mechanisms
through which radium exertcd its sdu-
tory effeets wer: hotly debated. Some
said that radium compounds u,orked by
direct end-organ stimulation. Otlers
claimed that they worked by the de'
struetion of miercscopie toxins. Still
others felt that radiumworked indirect-
ly, by stimulating the adrends or tlty-
roid. The only thing tlrat the mild radi-
um thenapists agreed on was the
physical phenomenon primarily respon-
sible for these effects: the henetofone
ignored alpha particle emissions of t}re
radiumnueleus.r
Alpha particles ane large, relatively
slou.mor"ing chunks of nuclear matter
consisting of tuo protons and tup neu-
trons. They possess tremendous energy
and produee a dense cloud ofionization
events u'hen traversing matter.' Be-
cause they dissipatc their energy so
rzpidly, they can only penetrate 40 to
100 pm, limiting the range orrer which
they can exert their effects to a distanee
of about 10 cell diameters. Such lack of
penetration prerented their use in ean-
cer therapl', and the early radioactive
soulres produced for Curie-therapy all
eontained filters designed to stop alpha
particle transmission. Ttrougtr high
doses of alpha radiation prcduced an in-
tense blistering nesponse on the skin,
alpha partieles n'ere considered just too
[//,1.'t t
NgNCE
T}IIS MATERIAL MAY BE
PROTECIED BY COPVRIGHT
LAWCfln-S 17. U.S.CODB
i;:tltl,?H::i,ll"*',;""',:ffit#,T[
ru ffifects of low-level alpha particle radia- /
tion. rt" German piysiitogist George t
iili*+iflfr*i]!l}'i:lii,** )
began migrating toward the radium mnffffgnt IRADIIIIOpI
source and that moibund$t:,Tl;i: rffiti;tft,, I I .rTHiiirnl
um must be harmless as well. Many im-
because it was considered a naturalcle-
ll;:'#:il::',1,-y'l??x,i;*'*i'"* : [il]l,Li'g I I f;"5#.H{i'ifl rnatedbyexposunetoradium.- -"";;;';"= I l'--*;;;"_-i-i.aii, ti"tvil"med to be the basis lr.a-r-iiiiiLt-i- | 1p4..'iiIilotlsr'rr" it" t*rt"ir-of-youth legends, and 'ii'tot' DiuuJry-l lt-t"tPl'I-.
Fi] 1.-Eben M. Byers, millionaire induslrialisl and
hioiito-"", *ttose deatn ended lhe era ol radio-
acliw pstont medicin€s.
difficult to harness in the service ofcanl
;;;;;tila and were largelY ignored
bv the oncologists.'-"ttt" mild iadium therapists began
-with -a-different philosophic approach'
They noted that throughout history' hot
.pri'nss like those at Brambach in Ger-
nianvlisctria in Italy, and Sail-les-Bains
in Fiance had been touted as panasees
f"t " rmliy "f
ailments includingrheu-
-"ti.-. ."itinism, impotence, and mel-
ancholy. These salutory effects were
achieved only when the rtaters were
iruntr or their vapors deeply inhaled'
Bottled waterfrom these springs rapto'
iv lost its potency. The great German
chemist Juitus von Liebig attempted to
analvze the wat€rs from Gastem
S;ffi;. eventuallY ascribing their
;;;6 a aissolved gas stth mYsql-
Lus electrical effeets.'In 1903' the dis-
covery *'as made that the aPParent
oharmacolosical agent in these watery
;;;;a; (i'r'adiui-emanation"), an al:
"f,"-""rti.Lmitting gas with a haU:
iife oiless than 4 days that rras producecl
6i a".rvirg radiuh.'' Alpha-particle-
emitting isotopes, taken internally m
minuteluantiiies, n'erc hailed, as-pow-
eJul nadotat elixirs capable of deliver-
ing direet energy transfusions to deplet-
ed orgSns.t'- ftE-Ai..o"er1 of the tonic effeets.of
rzdon lrater can be seen as the begin-
rring of the era of radioactive patent
rn"ii.in".. trIineral uater ft'om hot
suritrss had been ttsed for nran)' eentu-
ii"* .ittrt no evidettee of ill effects' The
it"or1' rras that if the aetive agent in
these rtaters s'as a radiunt isoto;r' then
iuiilr-tur:, o** of smnlltltantities of radi-
ment r:ather than a drug, it wa-s avail-
able over-the'eounter and u'as not rtgu- Fig 2.-original Radilhor s8mPle bottles, ptobebly
lated by the Food and Dr.ug Administra- minulaclued betwsen 1927 end 1929. Each bol$e
tion (FDA), an agency ":f,".. t"grt"- ;:il.tt "* containod aPproximalelv 16'5 mL ol
tory powers \rene very meager-at lnat ----timl.'ny l9t3, ilie pai.enterzl and oral the foJlowing day the fiont page of.the
use of l6w doses of i.adium and relatcd New York Ibnes rcvealed the prelimi'
isotopes was u'ell established i, t-hg nary finding i! it-s headline, "Eben M.
treatment of rheumatism, gout, syphi' Byers Dies of Radium Poisoning."
lis, anemia, epilepsy, multiple sclerusis, America $'as at that time in the gnp
an'd other ctrionic diseases'. One physi of the Great Deprrcssion, and the deat}
cian rcported that from 1913 to 1921; he of one To.te pool in-dustrial casualty
p"".or,"lly had giten over ?000 injec' from a dial-painting factory would not
lions of ridium,-in doses r-anging from have been front-page nervs. But Byers
fO to tOO rrCi tliZO to 3?00 kB-q) each." was a millionaire, an internationallY
Fh"".".opo"ias fi'om the 1920s listed known industrialist, spoftsman and
dor"r. of fatent medicines that suppos- playboy, and chaitman_of the A. M.
edly contained small amouitts of iadio- i3yirs iron foundry of Pittsburgh and
active mater.ials., Parztloxically, most NewlbrkCity(figl). Byersbegan-tle
of the govemmental r.egulatory inter- final radioactive chapter of his life aftcr
vention-in the g.osing-field oi radio- falling out of the _top_berth of a Pullman
pharrnaeeutical iostrufrs s'as limited to party train in 1927.-He injurcd his arm
ilroseeuting patent medicine nranufae- and over the nest felt rreeks_be-Elt t9
[urens tvh-ose supposedly radioaetive complain of chronic -nrusculoskeletalpr.eparations n'ere found t'o give off only pain and a geneml nrn-do-nn fee-ling t}at
Laclg.ound ler.els of r.adiati6n. The dis- was affeeting his athletie (and, it was
"rrer! in the late 1920s that many rumored, his -sexual) -pet{ormance.youn! o'o,,"n who had rrorked as mdi- Byers consulted a nunrber of phy-u-
i,- aiA painters rvete developing osteo- eiins, eventually-finding.his say to the
."r.r.as sottncled a cautionarl-note to well-knorvn Pittsburgh ph-1'siotherapist
themediealnorld,butapparenilynotto Charles Clinton trIo1ar: Ilol'ar u31t -athe raclium 6er.otees iiho corivinced 1905 gtaduate of Jefferson }ledical Col-
themselves that these 1:r'oblems s'ere legeu'hohaddonepo-stgraduateworkin
due to im;:utities in thi ratlium.paint general intemal medieine before entcr
rathertha'ntotheradiumitself.''"' ing the nert subspecialtl' practice of
rHE END oFrHE EB{gt-- ...-- ;:,5fffi,'ii'f$$';;"#1"}1fi"*ffiRADIOACTTVE PATENT MEDICINES ibZS comptaining of aches and lassitude,
fire era of natlioaetive elisirs and al- Moyar suggested a radio-active- p-atcnt
pfra-p"rticfe*nrittirrg ii,rin "nt. "na"a medieine invented in 1925 called Ra-
iunrpttyontrtar.chSl] r'gili.'orir,rta.v dithor (Fig-2). R.adithor.*.as one of a
in O[.io,=' Ho.pit"t' i;-N; ]brk. ; series of radioactive s'onder {ruEnrc-
st rltetea, anenrie patilniiumea BUen duced by an.erltreprengul and self'pru'
ni".Sr;Ly fl'",= hn"iiijii",i'"ir*tii- claimed- mdium eipert,-.William J. A'
.vii", r"iiri-. the "iciii:r-oi, niv"t"ti- Iailev of the Bailev,T?Silt Laborato'
ous but relenilessly pi:ot-*iul .yr- r'ies,EastOrange-'NJ(FigB)'
drome inrolring h',,iiii-rir" ,i-""'ot Byerrs bega11!ri.1\ing several half-
skeletal aud soft-tissne nlcr.osis, meta- ouneebottle."of Radithoreachdayfiom
bolic \rastirrg. and bone ntat.ro\r dy".o- earlv in 1928 and utltil approximately
sia.,', An inrestigation'i-1. LSrii UU O.tiU"" 1930. He elainred io feel inrigo-
n"ynro,ra )Iiles. iID. ,*ii.u,iif;r"ai.,ii mted and restor."d and t'ecommended
eiaminer for.the.itr "il;$;;og*, "ra Radithor enthusiastieally to his high-
rxsunft-uAY,B-q- MircRacjiumThe'api'-*lac*is 615
':.1*12*!E :d Eiie;-,,rMffi l;;..f*ru$S-. . *
-.t''
iI r{'stst8uilil [ur (GuurunlPr
Wc Guarantce that every bottle of Radithor contains gentrine- - n"air- and Mesothoiium elements in triple-distilled lYatcr.
' 'W. Grr"r"ntce the strength of each bottle of Radithor'
we Guarantee that Radithor is produced under strictly sanitary- ..,n,titions in thorotrghly sterilized bottles'
We Guarantcc that Radithor does not depend uPon-any drugs rvhat-" - i.,1., for its .fficac1i-3lj th"t "ny physiolojical relults ascribed
to Ratlithor "r. a,i.-.riii.[ to itrt ictionif rhc rays produced
---_irrlt;'tfr ineatv.ae-mgnticontai-ne-dthercin'
'Guaratttcc "t+at -Ra d ithsr is harmless-in ever)'- -rcsPcct"- --
ltr/e Guarantec to Pay the sum of One Thousand Dollry-s to anyonc" - ;;;;;;;;[ ti;;;".t "'a iverv bottle of Radithor *'hen it
teaves our Laboratories does not contain a definitc amotrnt of
-- !qt! .I"ql-yr q-qyJPlhorium d:**11-
BetueY Qruluu {reroReroRtns
Fn 3 -william J A. Bailey, Phologrsphed when he
.ri"-or".ii"ni' oi the Baitly Radium Laboralotb6'
;ffi;; -;i hadithor ind other ?adioacii\'o
noslrumB.
society friends. He sen-t'cases of it to his
il;;.; partners and girlfriends and
even fed it to his racing- horses' r€-
;il;;;* exPensive, each bottle cost'
iil'" a"il*, 6ut what was that to the
*8"ftft, ,"r"bers of Byers' social cir-
cle? The Radithor promotional ht€ra-
ffi ias flled *'ith testimonials" fr'om
ir"-sr".i pt vsiologists of the day, dis-
;;;JillrUt"il tlie new seience of en-
il.tlri".r"O. uiochemistry' And accord-
ino-to t[e aceompanying literature'
nidlttror was absolutely guaranteeo
harmless (FigA).
' lffi;, G* after he had-begun talt-
inn n"aitf,o", Byers told h-is- pri1gle
;i,"rff;;; i&ePir wheelwrislt' ..MD:
I#t i;;'di"st i'that toned--up fee-ling'"
He began to lose rreight and com-plalneo
ot-te-idactres and toothaches' He was
ftI th;i h" had a bad case of sinusitis
"rJ.i-riu"ttv his teeth !9gan -falling
"ri. ,q irdirt.cist in New }'ork, JosePh
$;i;;t, MD,-looked at -Bygrs]..ra{io-illririlna "oticed
some similarities be'
i;;;iil develoPing bonY lesions. in
Bverd nrandible and those descnbed ln
tfi*"aim aial painters'" Frederick B'
il'ri*,- it. proininent radium -experti*rltf," DePartment of Industrial
iiaiai.ine at Columbia Univemity' was
"rir"Jl, "i , .onsultant and confirmed
St"i*"t susPieions: PWs'lodY was
slot'ly deeomposing' the result oI ma's'
.ir" ''"taior' into-xication fiom t}te
Radithon"T"." rf,v.icians disagreed' Thc Ra-
aitr,o, ir{ri BYers had consumed con-
t"ir.a "rtv tinY amounts of radium'
"".il: uoiit. c""iifiea to include micro-
gtir" qr"rtities of a mir'turc of 'Tadium
616 JAMA.Augusl 1- 19go-voi264' No'5
and mesothorium in tripledistilled wa-
ter." Many of the mild radium therapy
advocateJbelieved that such tiny guan-
tities were innocuous, being cleaned
frtm the body before they could aecu-
mulatc. Radiihor was widely used; if it
$?s so dangerous, whY hadn't these ef-
fects been reported before?
The wheeis of government be-gan to
grind. fire FDA had investigated many
iuouosedlv radioactive nostrums in
rilzi, nraing that Radithor was onp-of
the:few patint medieines that actlally
did contiin signifieant levels of radioac-
tivity. As earliv as Febnrary4, 1930, the
FDA had issued a general rrarnlng
against such preparatlons, but the.ad-
m-inistration'uai powerless to ban
them." The Federzl-Thade Commission
tFiC) also fited a complaint against R-a'
dithor in February 1930, accusing the
Bailey Radium Laboratories of falsely
reuresentins the nostrum as "the out-
-.tandine aciievement in the application
of radioietive raYs."t'-- By Septembei t93t, the PTC investi-
cati;n waswell underway and the ailing
E*"r's was called to testify. He was too
ifto travel, so a special attorney, Rob'
ert H. Winn, uas slnt to the SouthamP
ion mansionto take the deposition; He
later described the scene!':
A more gt'uesome experience in a more go-r-
g"oui..iting nould 6e hald to imagine' We
i'ent to Soithampton where B1'ers had a
masnificent home' firere u'e discorrred him
in ieondition n'hich beggars description' - -i'ounc in vears and mentally alert, he could
trardli sriak. His head rrrs snzthed in ban-
dagei. lie had undetgone tu'o successivejau'
olirztions and his rrhole upper jan'. except-
inc two frcnt teeth, and moct ofhis lower jaw
hai been remored. All the remaining bone
tissue of his body was slou'ly disintegrating,
and holes were aCuallytorminginhis skull.
On-Deeember 19, 1931, the F"I\C is-
sued a eease-anddesist order enjoining
the Bailev Radium Laborztories from
continuin! their advertising and opery-
tions. buithe ntling came too late to do
Bvers anv cood. With his death on
M-arch Sr, t582, the HIC reopened its
investisation and the FDA began cam-
paignirig for broader po$!rs. Newapa-
peri all-over the country nervously re-'oorted that radioactive Pat€nt
inedicines and deviees s'erc in wide uee
amons the wealthy. Ittany prominent
finrrc-s, - including- Iltal'or James J'
W"ker of New Tork. sheePishlY re'
poil,ed that they too had been using ra-
dioactive rejuvenators. llany 4 S9.'
including thl malor, at futt refused to
give them up, claiming that the radioae-
five nostrums werc too imPortant to
theirhealth.
T\ro days aftcr B1'ers death, Charles
Norris. MD. the chief medical examinen
for the city of Nes' l'ork, released tlp
nnainss of the autopst'. B]'ers had suf-
fered Irom necrosis-of the jaw, swollen
kidney eortex, eerebral abscess, hypen
nta-"tic recenerative bone marrow, and
f,"on.hopieumonie. As later reported
in JAVi, his breath, bones, and viscera
wer',e all highly radioaetire, despjtc tle
fact that he hld taken no Radithor for
mort than a year,t Contacted in Pitts-
burgh, Moyar at first disputed t}te- re-
port-, saytng, "I hare taken as much or
i,rore r"hium stster as ltr. Byers took'
and I am 5l 1'ears old. aetive, and
F194.-Badithot.gualsnlge.thalevenluallyresuhedinprosecutionlorlalsoadvlrtEimbythcFederalT]ed€
Commisalm.
Mild Ractrur TneraPY - Mackli
.- r.,id+ #r,"-ffift3. {qirg
..Be&jBirilryiii.ie'i'ia;n'i'**l!6inr'**jl*+;r:..&-"''*$*1M*id;++:&i:':;!4i'4'8--'!s"*j'-']&.sr]!i-
-=*"#iHffiIi""i:.:iir
healrhy.,, Moyarb diagnosis was that no bona fide connecrions to the^great 9rr1ffllqhti'"tr*t F [u$iraight that
Bvers had died ,,tr.om 6a
"-"rUirrti"n of C.arlege industrial empire. fire Carne- would supply "a stcady floy oj gamma
trllTalli"*"1;hd'ffi;;i"""ag"rt.; gie Erigineering corp promised to de- ravs without any tuss or bother''; the
Eventually, the u"r""il,"lir""fi,I& fir;i;'$600 ffit-ord"i automobile to. Thoronntor,aradonr*'aterchargingde'
;;il.uffi"ilr! to it " p.""". anyone whow_o-uld send a $50 deposit to vice for producing radioaetive water in
wrLLrArrrJ.A. BA,LE; 3"11'J:iT"il",flffii"13e"ltl1l,;ffii; :HEffi",m::ififf,,11f*HT3i
Attcntion was now focused on the .rpp"a;d 1;;iory.turnea out to. be an cally of a radioactive belt clipz some of
Bailey Radiu- l,"uoirtori'.., ,na on iG ,u-riaon"a."rriill with one box bf tools these devices were sold for as much as
founder. head scientisl, ""J.r,i"f"*".o- and tlre-e stenog'aphers. on December $1000 apiece, and -all apparently found a
iY#TiitL, wlil;]:'i.'illl"y. B"tt.y 14, tsls, Bailiy ivas found- guilty of pady market in the Roaring Twenties.
;i;;i:;;";d*tiiitir.ai"dJir"id- rrau4 ani eveniually spent 30 days in Bailev latcr claimed that it was the
dithor-inducea rraium'poi.*i'g, ao jail'o Great -Deprcssion-'- rather- -than the
;iliil;;:r;;a*"r*6""""diulmwa- - Baileyb {rs!.iny'olyement with the EI-C,thatevelntuallveausedhimtoget
terthanany-rnrr,ui,rnaftr""**r ltrarmjieeuricalindustryrnayhave'been out of the radioaetive patent medicine
.;ff;;;y 1r "ir".ii:; rr,e ne-\t day, -irnmnd I918.*In that Jear, a Williqm business'
il;;-;fil"t"lr o{ tire Newark Ciiv Bailev was fined $200 ,lT,,iT$-H RADITHoR
ii;;iih-dl6;;tried to obtain turther in- fraudulently- _nrymot-i.*g t
formation, ttey rouliirrai-i"il"v r,aa qgtSuperUUanhood"latentmedicine' Thoughmostof theseproductswere
lefttown. Cirernl["i"nrfy.is of these pills, which apparently commercid successes, Ra-
who was william John Aloysius Bai-
-wtr-e-rdEais:ed-us-apotenl-aphrpdisi-
dithor was Baileyb greatcst entrepre'
lev? The small obituaries that appeared ac, rereaied tt ql rt: Lctive ing'edient neurial triumph' Radithor was adven'.ii;".h[ il;fi;'id6-a""."iu"i r,irn "r *i, rtry.t nire."rhis episode ilay_have tised as a radioactive mineral water that
an inventor, *rriter,"":"a- iitM-;;: u"*ir,"..t"rtofBril"yt"apparenifasci- eontained a secret mixture of radium
tive, but the truth i. r"J.i. .rndane. ,riir, *itr, i"xual stimulants and endo- and mesothorium, represertting "the
Bailey uas the chiei ,*.rrrsorb or the crlnotogic etisrs.- llest achievement in internal radioae'
radioactive parent *"i;.#?i"ri, " i;i -- S;*Eii*; in the early 1920s Bailey tive treatment.* Though the exact
sionary*.hos"*r,i.r"iir.rr"aiol.tir. b";;;;l;i;r'*t"d-it "rhiorctivity and eomposition may have been changed
hometheus b,.irsrd;il;;;il;;;: ;i ls ;ig-rsio* s"it"y .nas- p-r"iident slightlv during the period that Radithor
dium to the common-man oir ir"y Vot* eompany-called ihe Asso- was manufaetured (1926 through 1930),
Bailey was born ir-iii'Ju, ;n -18g4 and "i"t"a n"aiu. ch6miits Inc. This com- the available evidence suggests that
attendecl the acailenricdlly intensc Bos- d;t;rrdr."d rline of radioactive p?t: 9r.d half-ounce bottle originally con-
ton public Latin Scbo'oi'i-r,"r- r," grra- tri-i"Ieal.ir". including Arium, a tatlet tained slightly more than 1 pCi (37 kBq)
uated l2th in hi..lr.".lir" i...-"a,n'iti"a ror- oriuaium, and t-Inarium, a tadio- gch of raaium 2213 and radium 26'r
toHanardwitharinanciaiaidschotu' ,Jr"iini."nt.Baileyu'asalsolistedas The recommended starting dose was
ilil;'ltffi; fii hil'ffi;.;ion achiete- tr," irrurtoi oi another brand of radio' one bottle a day, though some devoteea
menttest."or".*"ri-,1ili";iiyr"air- ""iir. nit1.' ltorrre Tablets, which likeByersdranktnoorthreetimeethat
cie, including graaei of :aD" inglometry o-r- rnirt e't"d asa trpatment fbr sexu- amount. A case of 80 bottles cost &30,
money in eollege. Bailey.s grzdes at "Biii,E,-baile1. had. forrnulated his ditho;fo;theirpatientswereentitledto
'ril"ii,..i"ai,"ri'ri!-i,is tt r.ee iemesters *;t';"!lh{;".oiogi"a thesis concern- keep $5 for every case sold (a practice
there *.ere qrtt. ,l".p".trUle, though m! 1"d1[11;timulatorl po*ersr A-1{9 eondemned as 'fee'splitting quackerf
rhe onl1.scien"" "or"-:';"h"
i'rri, i;;ffii: r.iru"a in a lectu,e tr,"d ri" ga*e in 1925, n a JAMA editoritl of l92D'r More
ogy.Deeplyina"u,,ffivl"i'tu",irit ihilil;;i; *''a." essentiaill a variant than400000bottleswerepreparedby
in Mareh lgOb, nerer obtaining his de- of the radiation-as-eatalvit school of theBaileyRadiumlaboratoriesforsale
nnee. Though f," fri"t .f.irr"f to b. " iirrif,tt ,"i- than 90'/ of 'lt di"""t""' worldwide'
I{ar.varrl s!-aduate-iiith a doetorate .iri#"a g"il"}',-\'el: the result of endo- In an attempt to avoid regulation by
ffi;il d;il;;;il].of vienna, therc is ;fu"gi.-ii1.i,,*tion that prev.enteg tt" FTC, Bailev'-" ptnmotional materi-
no evirlenee trrat eli;i. e.-eil H;t;i; the t'aismission of essential rrtrrlio]9g- lt--:'t* published as seientifie mono'
any further ro,-rr ..iiihio-As Gs the cri r"ctors. without the eori'ect meta- graphs on the geneml principles of
custonr at the time. the Harrard Class U.ii. ilgr;f",-,h. UgaV hpsed into a generic radium'ntter thempy and
of 190?politely"on,ir*a,o'in.rra"-s"i- ii"t" .i uir.hemical inerfo' {epriva; *ipp"d separztely to Radithor u8er8'
levinitselassr=poftE. iil: E;"r-t*liil tr,i" ..tatE'exhausted one-exampleofthesemonogt'aphs,a82-
'By 1906, Bailey rias liring in Nerr iir" pr-r.r,vrii otg"ni. resulting in qSse lami'hlet published in 1926 unden
lbr* citt, olrrating an impoft-export ;;;;i", lassitude, .ir,""i'. $gn""s.'ion, itre tiite' Modein ?)ralrrtertl ef tlu En'
business, ana *riiii! to rarious gor- idi;.y, 3.rd @ILtr,", pr"uGms. Bai' doaine Gtands ltitrr Rodir,n Wotcr:
enrmentofficialsabou*thisplanstomod- i"v -iaru'=a th"t t},"''lr"-rw l".t Raitithor; t/rc lvel.ll:eoporr of Medial
emize antl aer"top iraae'nith china. in-i.ougr,ii,.n"ctivemetaboiismiiiutaue science, was mailed to eve4'physician
Sometime u"roo {l,ii.ii'\rr;'i, i;il.y *irj.r'"r,"91rirngthepoi.;oirraio.'-" in America.$ T}re pamphlet outlines
nor*ed for the Bussian sovernment ;iffi;;tt.rF. [,ii. du".Ji;h"-brii naile-v! theories and urge5 skeptical
dr.illing oil. His eollege class notes frcm io'ietrirn to its prnper .t.t"-r? oiiariir! physicians to "place one or. t$o of your
lgl? report trrat rre ii<r rrcently inr-ent- metauoric balance'through radioaetilr most obstinate eases on tzdium water so
ed tleriees "for motor vehicles' moring "gland eontrol"* .
s6" lf'"i t"' rn"v obsenr its aetion right in
uictures, armor plate. and nragneto -Anong the de*iees that Bailey in- your-o", practie'" fire panrphlet also
eererztors.,." other reeorrls. hos.er-er. r.entedti'takera.*t"g"oitfi=Gui;- 'includes many photog'aph's that pur-
i.euor.t that Bailey *as a principtin a nating force rt'ere ttre ^iorii<rerrarci'i,,n- port to show ihe pllcess of rzdium ne'
loli scan inrnlring the ca,regie Engi- ;;', ; small 'a<lio".ti.--';i;i;- ih.,t hnenrent and purification-at the Bailey
neer.i'g cor1r. a fl!.try-nighr firm niih :iont"a the endocrirr;"-)'ri;;",
'il; iabomtories' 'ihese n'erc later found to
MilctRadiur.:.Tr€raqv-\':acklis 617
iAt\4A. iugusl 1 . 1990- \'." 2€': t{o 5
,.a. ar.,r..
be fakes. Bailey simply bought his ra$- als-o inventcd a new type of rifle site and 6-. NeumanJ' Rsdieaurgicaltcchniqueincencerd
um and mesothorium from the nearby t a"ui"" lo,to."ting *Utn*ir"stn" f'Jffihifiril'lk'ffi;l#l;|i,r,ffi;;; Rrdium Laboratory of New claim in his obituary tJrgt he-was a wa-r; iJ.loaipxw
il;:;;;ft"g ilin ai.tiU"a water at time-manag^erofadivisionof IBMcould t. wstt€rsBD.lhephvsicsormildradiura.BrJ
H;;iil;a-*Ltinguptteprieemort l:t.be confirmed by a spokesman for PhvaMd' lsrs#ll'
than 400%.
r --'- i ' -
that qgmpgy-' g' Ruas S' Radioectivitv in medicinc' Am J Phve
Radithor was an immediate hit, and r"il.yi!"h-orbladder cTqT on May lFa:ffif'n" -rn",,." dredir'rD. ,rrd J
"ral"iro*"d inirom North and South 16,- 1949, ir1 Tlngsborough, Mass. He Erc' le90;l8l:190'tP.
XiIii.*B-ri"il,-'Ifr;a;--Irdt; til had reacired tt" ig" o{64-, an astonish- ll:-4I:!T'u rt' Brdium rnter therrw' sldJ'
i#=ilfr. ;#;Gir;1t".fro". t-n"h iso iry r*! ot lorg"rlty for iomeorre who l3ll,t:*ffi:3" atratioaoartuphytiotosicrtlflt-eir.;;r;;; eventually listed in the claimed to have consumed mort radium ,;;i-n;brir Hirh Fnq.uer..i Eh;ti.c -pru-
Hffi;;;r;;;.;;;;i inarerial, e-ach u,aterthan qy living-man. By.the time "J*wi, i7 bonwttiin wia-rrd,ium Radiatia,.-
;";i,d;div ar" to ;;d;;"e dr;: ofhisdeath,tlie"r"df.jldraiiumther- hesentcd rt the lsth Intprnrtionrl coryrere d
tuncrion and each one purport€d to re' qPy;;ii;llGt,itsscientiicp;;.g"et' Illi*X$t$:SllLffi'#I,ilH*, r*
.lffi t" n"ai*,or. ?iscredited.-A iandtul of-Badithor -;;;d.-i clniiJ inveetiaetid $ F" ardiric cr--'tf," - R"aithor pamphlets especially _dnakerg ulerc-oludie{-by Eraqs-and hj!: -recu-of radium rslts edminietered thenpeutildlv.
emphasized its powers ,r " r"ir'"t.iiri- eolleagues duri-ng their inalyies of radi- AmJ tuntsaul 1969;78:l@sl(R7'
utairtand anhrodisiac, notingthat, "Ra- ,r rrEt"Uoti.m fir man,-but';ty i;w of LLSffit #tiffi"5}f6ff I#
;il;-watei has long'been known as a tlreseaffluentandsociallyprominentin- i-6zpBz,$alzs,
ffi;fiffiilftilffi. This is no doubt 4ila-y$ wene ever-publicly identi- tt.st nrrdJ.Ecd,io,r:tit:ityotdHatk:AHirtrr.
fi; t ;ir;'Jimutation-si ih;;-ds.""t.; *dr" For many of these- cons=.= f;,tdll*il';*1" Nrtiorur lLchnicrr Inrormr'
tf,rrria, "ra pituitary, as well as the Radithor aPpgars to have been.more ? ill'cffi;iil;:J","L"raprderthrndrtsrn F
;;;;d;l gi tliir metli6d of treatment, recreational drug- than a medieine, .a ;;tl, ; tefen from the iotlwing gouter. HrF
i;;;il .ut""i, t "" attended the treat- tangible -symbol of the surging enthusi- vard_universitv Archiver: Rccoda tot wittiom l.
ffi;;i;r"j o'""X""ss, impotency, asms of the rgZOs' A' Boibv' N'G' cl$s d ro0r; Histort 6 Pu''
frisi.litv. decreased libido, and other l;+;;h;p;i""ry9tha.ttsail-eyb.final #Ulrtr:ff",bffiru!;rgidrffi*.LiaU""tiations.* contributiontotheliteratureof mildra- ior* n,ut tsEc4i"it.r:r,- li'sz;April 2!!,'-'Ci;;6;"e claims, one can certainly dium therypy came_almc,st two decades r$2;Alril s9r, 1992;,april l:10, l@;Mrv l:lG
,r;;;;";il;.rppliflinraithortoair aft"r f,is a'"itfr,*I!n his bones were ]s32;lrlav l2:ll' end r$e;Mry l8:?8: Ncrocr*
asins man-about-town like Byers. With
"*r,umuO "t fu"t-"rq," Mrt;;;;;;;iG "#1&r[ffi Htf$jflift*ffi.
f,i, a1"*, tt e radioactive patent-medi- IlstilUlf of Tbchnology/Argonne,l'I1: rsae;ep'il i:1, srd lesz;April.8; PittrDuyi
;i;"];f;Ut "otiaps"a.
Itblic health tionat-Labora_To* study-_ on radium Fpra isz'Ap.ril 2:r,-urd-!e82;rrpril 8:l; Pittr'
officials condueted.t"i-uvJr*irr"i: pr,"uilgtggyr His r6m-ains,-listed.as case bzrel*sua'ftlrsrdPi' tesz;'rPril 2:l' and le@:
iifiionstomakesurethaiallsuchrem- 01-567 in the records, revealed e*q* ii'i;il",, F. Redium (meeotlorium) necraie.
"3i**"r"oftheshelves.Otherphysi-
sive radl-ation- changes and wer€ sliu .ra,nars25g5solt6. _ - __ ... .;il;; ;;};ril"ra to describe ri.jtar 9{te radioactive when studied in 1968.t! lE. solonon'c. 7he ffir in llcttth. Nem Yodq
cases, in one instance ;.t "ity holding ' With the realization fi"I,* *1u*: Y.'''ffi;ff'ft"T; ,-i*m r.affit,,,, " ,i"ti-t bones to a Geigei' eountei iude of the-radon problem is Ereater il;i'jrfr. tn;ir,4"""-Dft; p.d"-l Dedc Com-
aIri"" " *aio broadcast to demonstrate than had previously been appreciated in misrion; dochct Nol?66:lrsa29.*fi;3";dty*';o,lrjE;"aiunt'f[ed1gal lElniE{staEs,intErestinthehealth 1^1Sj- itrturlq. fiarc trqali'rr^ apdl ll'
ili#ifllL$:l'*Tf,Ji:tfil :ftH'Jffi'il#]',liPsill"""J#[ ,ff##*,,1m,",afiffi.nu'drin'dns
;;ffit;l;-b.gin *i*, issued editori- h.ry" sugg-estcd that these radon hedth n.iiiJ-ui;riiittciirrq/tftr/i r-r/.h n,,.,,niot
;[;;h;evils-ofpatcnt-medicinead'risksare-beingoverstated-andthatlonrfiqpoTt'^cambridSB'l[eu:Hrrr'dunivtrdw;;ilil."-e"lf. i* oairm-control level.long-tep ex-qgsyry to thie'tratu- heac;10r7'
taws were roicea tnrouiiliuf;;;.; ral" isot6pe is unlikelv 1o'*,i1"--ttt' f;?m:rirfXffilrur$T lr r p'tent
*a-pr""p".; - harm. Before crediting this line of ar8tt' ii. iii.r"i r"prlntcd from JA.lll. In:_Cremp AJ,-"R;;#; finally located Bailey sev- ment, we would do y-"ll t9 review the ed. Noetzmr ond Qrroctcrry. c:hicsso' IIL Pneu d
.;i=i;rr;ti;ilv[Ja""ir, i, "r"orr,". history of.therise and fall of mild radium Americen Medicrl Astoci'tion; lgzls(B'
marked,The Adrenoray.'When asked tr,"'"riv-ln ir,; ;ly idi;;;ilhi. }i"}flJ*,{#"W'#'L1,rfr"
what kind of business was being eon- cent[ry. NcwWcopor$McdicolScianca-Eestorenge.M:
aratli ifr""", they were told t!+It-ufr3 t sish to ecknowledge the researeh essist Dce of Briley Rsdium Lrboretoricr; rgD6' (Se' rho JVrp
a "special advertising Luiiness; and the Ri'.h"ra *or" of tbe count*av itHJ"Lffi; lf^y'rer;April s&t
;"H''il; ;;;;'-t"l*ffii#i Fffi**n$"ffiu$m* $"*lifff*tffiffi9,ffiBaileY was aPParentl
oi fnr qnv sprious of
fi"1il ,ii:'d ;;r.t ffiilttr"*t "r-tut h.r''rnc.n $5Jil?ffi"*. t,"sdy. Nv Md wo.t .
timeperiod. - - l. WeartS. NrcborFanCambridge,Mers:Iler. r$;Uf,
Bailev dropped fmm the limelight af- i"ra Uni.-"rity n"se ; 1988. 29. Lee V. Rediun.u_r Qeppgqtig :qent-the crre
1"rth;i!;ilifrir. ll"U"."retheedi- z. n"tu* w'xot"r on x-light radicsctive sub forrstionalcontrol.8l.lRadiol.lss:?'r0.;;;i "-il;iN;. Je;i;;;;l;-1ry1 'un.". in tr,.on utics. Eorioa .r4ad srrrv J' reu; h*T##.1i[::rr"ffflHi"3*fl1ffi
and wrote a book on human emotion-s i]i.rr"* C. Americen tit€nture in ndium ,rd I'riar;lsl.
and their effects on physical conditions. r"air. it.-pi p;"; ; 1806. r{m J tuenrgcnol. Sl.Erans BD. Rediurnrndmesothorium poironing
ffir.trg'W;;ld- W"" il tra wa.s an assis- igei:e:z6enb. end dosimetr]' end instmmentstion techniquee in
;;i'ffi.,"rt ou..',,",in-tt" uS1'* l t,,i*ly$;,f $:il*'t;#J/^i$'rll"H iB3lfr#ii;ffil'"11?H-t1ffi,,ffi#
air force and invented a new system of iriii*ls.ze. underconthctAlltso-rlssl
aii-"aft identifieationard a method of i. Ciui"rii.ttenerdbhospitet-forrediumthen- S2.lhnh.llE.Acedernypmlnieeendietionrirt
;i;i.-ifi-ifi*.tio, for soldiers. He p1: .tr'od ltorptal. tsalPo:52b529. estit .te. sai?nec. r99oJ{722€8.
NONCE
- usmffini[mryse
FRUIECTED BY COPYRIGHTlfl[r.6[E[tEr? rs ^.^nrr
618 JAMA. Augusl 1. 1990-vol 266' No' 5 Mrid Ractium TheraPY- Msckl's
'5gr-;f1i
h$"*'fff,#,it ft H"ft:[:"Jf ]Tffi'jl;,i,,r.:.t:'i ffi: ifl':il1itr$iiiJ"", tiffi
slrdrome ttrat roris-monrhshad rav- ir,iiotgr, "urain auscess irra i.h rri- and.injured his arm' Desplte the best
ased his uoay, corriiffi F;-it "t.t.t ,".iiv ilrt", he.rumalnii iuJd a-ott minis*ations of trls personal phvslclans
svstem untit one by one his bones srart- 6iil [,,a. H"lO"a "t Zii;.;. ;i-rt;a: and trainers, Bvers complained that the
ed ro splinter -o J.llil.'r*#F ii:; iors;Hospital in.New vrir. Lltr - ache simplv would not 8o awav' soon
a powerfur ** " rrJJ;Gi"d athrere '-'rrr;;;;i Bt;ii', a""tt "nJii" -vrt"t' the injury was affecting hls golf game
anrl sporrsman who was al.Yp:n IJap- '-"1,,t-:I:-1t11ff:'s"f::lj*ilj:ilJ3:
(and' it was nrmored' trls llbldo)' Even'
The Great Radium Scandal
wrlliam J. A. Bailey grew rich ftom his radium-laced patent
medicine until it kilt;d a leading socialite. The scandal helped
to usher in moelern standards of radioisotope regulation
by Roger M. Macklis
:ilJ,'J'J;ffiil:;;;; u-s.-enluru* c-olleague-s on walt street almost lrnme
Golf champion in leoi"i'i'r" "e" "r alatgti'"!'y-e1^t[:T^y:Ji*:":}; .';", - ^-#l';lfl[ffii;i;#;.;. ilyer;ffi stocr<'of his company., alrgad.v batrered ,r:i
Foundry, he had p""oiri"airy, 1911 lX*.:t* ?,"il"ji'?3:l"j::5H- '
Inenqs wll(, llqu Nrv"" I
l,+1*fr:,[1if,ft#ffi;ffii # itrl##iiffi{ffiu+l+
.-' -'i : !',, ffirdllriruv lrsrrsevr"ir --'iuv"i,had-been fined,to a handful of radlum cherilsts jI: ' :: r! ' ,,; ,:, .*. I.I;##;".E,.f, " ',ri,rmCded haii bnd -dEtPset
disngured by a series ;t,'t*r*t"if ::S gjy::,::,Xh?.:::*:*Tiffi -;:; - ,,t-.,iiirrc,i,.ennnnfolsngureu uy d DErrEo viliilr, tr,"i n"a '"mo,ei'il;i;i ],f ink to make watch races t'HJi H .WhAt A FAm0UIliS@Orfffiffi ili;r hi; ;ku, in a vain a'['
H:[ttr#liHHjllffTxJft
];,.
.,', *;; w;w;a"ri
ilr'ifi,?;J:*iffiff;;ffiio'iait"a"a oiits "alue' worried
ffiffi
"*io*- *fto' had clambered into thc tives had begul to conti
;;;;";.t J'iiH.* iork societv' He tors from the dav of hi
continued to lead a Ufe of prlvilege even out if he had tliedtf so
;il;'tf stock market crash' main' gioulBylhens<taftemt
I"iJ"g-iro-"t in Pittsburgh. New York' ities had begun a crimin
ih;i[ i;i;d and Soutti Carolina, as vesrigation and were pre
well as horse_racw itaules in New York for a forensic autopsy b:
*Je"el""a. ical exami4gr qf ![gW.
When Byers died. hls shriveled-body York Times announctd the preliminary ' i
--r'#i";J;ffffiy
r"-gnizable tir results in a front-page headline: "Eben - - t''
friends who had #H,fi"": i'".*;i il:B-I1l'flt9:119"#.::'j,?Ht;," ,;;,1;'..'i-'',?
ROGER M. MACKLIS ls chairman of
rtr" O.patrment of radiatlon oncology at
ii" Ei[r.r.ra Clhlc Foundatlon' He dl'
iJ.i t rt tir. between hls cllnical prac-
;ilil ;;Ji;itlc radiatlon oncologY and
i;;.;r;;J.*h lnto no*el antlcancer radlo
. He has-wrltten on the
illilti;ii r*olclne ln a number of Prc'
i.iii"i,ut Journals. He ll ngw pl,tpgg
il..-rr*"on radlomedlcal quackery trr
the early 1900s for a serles to De puD'
ffiJ fi, tggl under the aegis of the
l-.ti..n College of Radiology in.honor
"i-irr.-ioort annlversary of the discov'
"^;"i *-r.t.. Irlacklls holds a master's
a"'ot." in bioph)'sics from Yale llniver'
;il';;i'; d,:gree from Hanard lrledlcal
Sch<xtl.
sumprion that medicines are dangerous EE'P
. : -.I:;, --:l;i::-;;-;.r*l
nfivIODEST PROPOSAL from the Boarin8
iwenties promotes Radithor' a radiunt
laced patent medicine, and its puryey'
or, wiiUa- J. A. Bailey, a college -dropour wtro gave himself the ride of doc'
ior. Suctr idvertlsements capitallzed on
rfr" t"a for radium' whose efficacy in de
strold4g tumors made it seem a paDacee'
94 sculrnnc AMERIcAN August 1993
Ex/.'/,f F 'i!"i?:
$*#,Tti***tt*Ulla:* : *i' ai :xiiiffirffi:;r-;;ffiil-o|"'tlme.rhesy- ,,;.1 -4- ii-lr, iiil:,-i.i-i*".r,.=i-,t'r'ia1,';'.1.;1::;;;;; tdherped,"".::i;-*ffi MakA Ooct tha.:Wrurll li;;pti;" that medicines are dangerous "'lsJw --;';, -:-trl:]1-.H:.-1,:,r;*l
-l}.Xlr:ffr""*tive saga ha-d^started .,;,,'by W'ilIffiiui ,o"-iit"'tu."d train rerurning from the ' 1'-..: '''6r;fr16,iffiffiFi.l:..i.1,.
-.,,,*::',+rr., i- t,,;:S,rri,i*i..liiigAlffiffH_*i;i.;
rually Byers found his way.to a.Pitts- - The autopsy-conducted.rhe day after active compounds' I knew it was possi'
burgh phl,sician named cnarles Clinton sy.rr-J"a ionfirmed tlrat his bonls and ble to make water lcmporarill' radioac-
Moyar, who suggcsred that Byers try Ra- orgun* *i" dangerously ,'ai"iiti*' tive by incubating it with radium' The
dithor, a parenr mealcine*
-Jno"" **- pliced on " tu*-p"trre ovirnight in rne radium gives olr radon' a radioactive
ufa*uler, the Ba,ey n"iiu-'Luoi"G aarx, tii exnacred teeth *a':.*uo"u gas whoie half-ufe rs short' l assumed
rv in New Jersey, o"r.ri['J it u, , *o proaui"o i ar"*uti. rim e:rpoiure pat- ihar the maker of the patent medicine
for dyspepsia, higlr blood pressure,im- t"ITr e" trr" evidence ror tao-um poiio-Ir' had resorted to this very inexpenslve
Dorence and more than t i0 other "en- irg gr"*,-tq"rai oi pruu. rreafttr offi- process and tnt the Radithor's residual
do.rirrologic, maradies. ."r, puuia irr.-a*g.iors -ui.ria" or icdvity had decayed ro insignificance
Byers began drinking several bottles srore shelves. Nervbus citizens sheep long ago'
a day beginning in pe..iiue-rrsz7 H. ishly came forward ro r.,n rnirreir ow,, r wai wrong. Tests performed by my
rold friends that he felr invigorated and radioacrive medicines. Among **" yry 5olleague.s John L' Humm and Marc R'
rejuvernred. so satisfied waihe with the uuyo!-ffir i. wull"1 of -New York- Bellerive in our gamma'ray spect'osco'
res,lts tlnt he,"nt.ur", io his friends, cirv, *to,i nrit rcfused to giue up trist' py urrirot the Dana'Farber cancer-lnstl--
colreagues and femare "iq;"i"ia;d ,"ai*.tiu. rejuvernror be.uGll"'*ia, tute in Bosron revealed that almost 70
and even fed some of the expensive it 1nua.-frir"i"el so good' years after lt had been produced' the
potion to his racehorses' uke oiher ar- -*^-.- .-,,^-::"-, nearly empty bottle was still dangerous-
i"'in'a'r'o'"''n"'"',J:',fl;oFFM{sH:id;ft###it"'u-ijttffi:fr$$,m:*q
ently consumed vast q
nostrunL drinking bet
r.500 bortres berween 1927 and 1931. .*. uiios several e*pty u-otttis or ar,nn zzo and radium 228. Intrigued.
He probably ..*rnutriii'"-;;diril"" Radithor in a medical *ti-qutt tt'op *a l-bought the rest of the bottles' When
dosage equivarenr t" iir*r*aioi i- uo"gr,itn. on a-whim. Because miy lab- they tested equally radioacdve' I went to
rays-perhaps three ti-"siti f"tfraf o.uio.y t*t:*-.f, cenlers *-t"Lti"g the-CountwayMedicalgbraryrarebook
dose. if absorbed all at once. t*"o *niif' Uiotogituly targeiea raaiol colection and the stacks of the Har'
.!
I.l
I
'iI
I
vard l,niver.sity Llbrary lo find out more the death of hls older brother, B-)'ers
;;;iih;i;.tifu"n'of n"aithor, the Bai' became preslden-t and evenruallv chair-
i6i n.Jir. laborarory and its diredor man of rhe iron foundry.
"ria .nluf scientist. an inventor, entre' ln contrast' William John Aloysius Bai'
"i*"ri"na marketing genius named ley was born into a tough neighborhood
f;;i;;;w,U"m1. e.iluiey. in Bosron on May 25, 1884. His father, a
cook, died when he was young, and Bai-
I lthoueh conremporaries, william ley and his eight siblings were raised
n 'B;ll.;;;d fbenfyers came from by their mother, Mary, on a weekly in-
fa;il*it" "r,ar of the social spec- come of $15. Bailev attended Quincv
I-* il;-r*se, they represented-the Grammar School and graduated about
il;i;;; ni rn.e-iricin dream dur- 'l2th in his class from the prestisious
i"r'if," .-".f, a".ia"r of the 2Oth centu' Boston h'rbltc latin School, long known
*1i""-rr'*ir-b-nrnin iggo irto a life of as a stepping'ltong !o the lvy League for
ilrffi; "tt""Jirrg
St. paul's School and poor boys with quick wits. He did poor-
i'"iu Unir.rrity, where hls suave de' iy on his Harvard entrance examinations
...noi i"a ,orial conquests ar nearby but managed !o !! _aqlnirled as a fresh-
#if*-"inoa* ""n-"a nimrhe n661am; -Tan-inthe falloflg03. Mounting debtsf;;;ffi;pi.; nrt"r graduation- in forced him to drop out two years later,
r'giiii f,. a"[6ied in busi"ness, traveled and although Bailey later 9*td.1""F "
his master plan: tobe appointed the un'
official U.S. trade ambassador to the lm'
perial government of China. [Ils scheme
never materiaUzed. Instead, ln the years
leading up to World War I, Balley trav'
eled widely, acquiring a cosmopolltan
veneer that later served him well. The
outbreak of war found trlm drilllng oll
in Russia, but he headed home to tinker
in a mechanlcal workshoP when war'
dme commerce Proved imPractlcal.
It is at thls period that Balley's name
first began to appear ln connecdon wlth
rrarious scams. On May 8, 1915, the Nav
York Times reported that he had been
arrested on charges of runnlng a mall'
order swindle out of the Carnegie Engl'
-neering Corporation (a paper firm wlth
no relation to the Carnegle steel €rnplrc).
He accepted advance mail deposlts for
a $600 car to be assembled ln Mtddgan
and delivered to a pickup polnt ln Pltts'
burgtr. No factory odsted,-and Ballefand
two others were found gullty and sen'
tenced to 30 days inJall.
In May of 1918, Ballery was frned $2fl)
plus costs for fraudulently promodng
arJ golt"a, playing a major role in the Harvard graduate with a doctorate fromjii-offi.y.ii ait it of the visiting ox- rhe universtry of vienna-, no evidence--il;i;;fiaCe gotf ream-in 1903. The exisrs to suppgn e.ither claim.
next vear he became piesident and a dl- Bailey moved to NewYork City, work'
[:t#;f 'i},;i1,ifi'cir"ta tron Com- ing in an import'export business and
;;il;;hi;'d hia U""n built up by_tris editing an export catalogue. His letters
I"-rt'".., aleiander Siis. fn I9b9, after from the time speak enthusiastically of
EBEI{ M. BYER$ athlete and ladles'man" as he appeared inlds
mii:"n:',nt;m';nyi;:tilTxili"'f,tH:H';;:i"*a"ii*"pl radioactive potlons from drugstore shelrrcs'
96 ScluNnnc AMETcAN Augttst 1993
WILUAM BAILEY had complled a hlstoty of shady buslness
ae-atincs before striking gota wirtr Radlthor. He seems' bov'
"""r i6-fr""" believed hiJ o*n propaganda, har4u ralcen Es
own medldne rr'rera Perlod of Years
ai,!
i'I
t.
ir
H.nFl,l,ri'fiiirix;rlil#e m Hi{{:*li,lui:tt[i'i.$i-ffi
ffiffijJ'"#,'"iP"ii+iiffilH ^IE *1,#,:*-io*i"o" thecountrv
been for the most part confined to Eu'
serua stimulants and "t[**ii'-",^,
--
"',iIi'ro, known whether wllllam Bat-
Radiation research was a narural draw
for Barley because ,, "rrra*ui.i,i'.-. f *fylll^'::"H:T1"t"*i3\:I*IOr Dduty LTELoUDE r1
[m:Tr*r*"*:,r#,rl*r* ,,
-
ifil":}ili:ffi.T"$L:q[.}isI
""**"r*aitrevioenll{3^ey:A*
-
'"";5t,,ffiflT'.11";53fr'r8':f"'r:ili$Ih.bodv_T9d:,'^1i:H$.:T":: '. E +;;;;ii'iodiaacttvitd.Ee-." "'< ---i z'- -=--*do*";;' ffi *;li-f{f,sfr#.::ffSffiWorkers generallY belier
subtle ap-plicatlons were-rvliTgt:^,P: f,
H:i"i"ffi,J#i;,"*?,,ffi
frH,$tffiffi
of the-effectsof minut
radium on cells, animal
ln England, this field war
dium therapY to differen
use of much larger dos
found. For instance, Marie Curie, whowithherhusband,n"'ie;;.&."":MMGput''o}J1ly:.:|-l.*..:.*..t.1i1.
ered radium in 18s8, '.r=lt?i."""r i., *!djgtti::I-91P1.{g ":"igg:
mentof cancer. 'Jil'i"ri*,,, (Thorlum'Hormones)
su'u'E,r'(uuruLuE"'""#iii-H[!ffiti1iry.#]"ff.Fiffi
$jnl$i]"fr +ffi ffi**H;ponents of these theorie
legendary heallng Pow
Europeanhot sprlngs. One mysteryper' Eupports atliast one ofBalle
slste4 howerrr. The warers appeared to beactualty dtd use radtuur. ;ffi;ffi special Jockstrap' The dedce sold first
Ge ti,"r, potency Just-ale'r'-duis arter ililiip"'l"u.":u"io r*rdd.*rfi.itt l1!3';3gi H-::ffi.H.Tffit'they were bottled. In 1903 the dlscov' : origtrally ggntale_d "Fot.q
,, iry'*r made that the apparent phar- each of radlum 226 and radlum 22&
, #?r# #iH $,T'H.$ [t',tr ;, :: ;; ;; B il;"l#i*:ffiT #fffi:erford's lnvestigatlon of alpha-partlcle spark that set the blophyslc
I emlaslons from radlum'ani iidon, *re eryln modon? - relatlons coup, hc ry"18-c.d to securt
, mnslent healing "r".tr Gl-rrot rpri,uJ il;-tl"r"r"" physlologlst George an lnvltadon to spear at the medldn'
were repured to have ","* ""*i6ua io wena1, in t d;adr"s!19 ttri r3th Inten at products sesslon of the AmerlcEn
r workers hlpotheslzed that the alpha port.a tmt rrir*" leukdcytes-e-xposed to& D.c., ln 1924. il{te harrc comercd
pardcles mtght accouni r* irr. opir"- io ro*-r"uer radiurn ,"dlrdor, tugan glenatign dlsease, old age and ln fact
donof theendocrinesyster&aconnee rnrgafi io*"ra-tt.i;dluro sor.ice life and death themselves ln the en'
iuon that ls not as ,;;il; li."y anittrat-moriuundvitatnin-siarvedrats docrinest' Batley thrurdered' 'In and
seenL Both fields had recently come to coua temporarily berqlulenate{ by-ex' around these glands must ctnter dl fu'
fasclnate the medlcal world, and each por*iio-t"aruti" uxe tt. itun oi no rure efforts for hurnan regeneradon"
,,had won the Stghesr r,onoil. rn rgzr . io*p.ttt t;g*d.,;dtyappeared-to The nq1 dav the New Yo*Tlmesq'
irredencl sodav rrcerrca trre No"r p,ire ., ue aiuustan& wtttr nno aisttiia modes cerpted the talk ln a lerurhy and com
; il d*ilfii;; lil;;'i.;;49F9 ' ;im;Arcal emcacy: ln large quanddeq lt : ptlm:lt3y ardde'
,,r topes. In I that ,utna v""r, iied-erlc! G , was desrucdrre, but tn uace'amountg. tt ln 192 5 Balley moled to East orarug
jBar,ffuandcharlesn.i&irirri,"i-lnij.,,,{sbeneflcent'porraprevennecessaiyr !{.J., and opened the Balley Radlum
I sultl\ work for whlch Banring and John o,.r I4;a;- -dirtat.ia mto producis ': :laboratofles. It was herc that he creat'
r;. n. uacl-eod won the rgis Nob€r pd2s ir mor; qrrt*ti itF fu-q"roo -now: 'l ed andbottled trls promodonal master
rn physlolog;y * r.r.aoi..:iil-#. ,irr.i'. rii. i."-ur.l,ir.i;dcd"" of rhiFood and . plecc, Radlthor. Irontcally' 1925 also
,,covery provided a ,.rn-kind of energ;y, o.g aA"irrirE uon "i tii extend to ' harked the beginnlru of the md for
the orher, a method "r."rt*ui"g irid r"oi,m,-*rrrcU, ititassifiea. as a natu' mild radtum therapy. A goup of New
.body's transducdon of energy-the pro ru etilent-ratli.r rh- " a-g. Radlo Jersey ladlum chemlsts and dtal pahr
cess by wtrich sugars anat*rer ulstc acdve candles, liniments, poti-ons and ers workiru at the us. Radium corpora'
foods are converted into more readlly .r.*-*"* rniqeryavauiLte uy ters. don died after a protracted.and myste
usable forms. Might radloactvlty be the et nrst, the fashl6n "ppuart io have rlous syndrome of kldney dlsease' low
,ri*,l,:*;:il :ilil#':[,i#i:$sffi-ffiHI lfild radium ttl\ /I n"c"a to rhe hr,IVIphysical medirG rs'|h-idntu'"**f,'s.;u:r il{.#,ffisH"ffi#iiqff.healing processes were I
Uny quantiUes of narurally occurring
-
::tj'^1".:::-t('rt s Eurs-,,rsrEs
um<ontainlng hamess that could bem'ieri"rs' coupred *'x.frT5li!.#
Hi]T,%Hi,[l*,,i,rHi*"Jl{ H"T;fl:Hll:*:#t",HS?J""Hl:surrlight, could oue mos
scrENTac AMERtcAItI Augnst 1993 97
blood counts and widespread deterio
ration of theb bones. Some experts mut-
rered about possible radium poisoning,
but Bailey diiagreed. "There is no proof
that radium was responsible for the
deaths,' he oPined, when called bY the
New York Timu for an e;Qert cornrnent'
His comPanY shiPPed Promotional
DamDhlets to every registered physi-
cian in the U.S., filling them with testi'
monlals from patlents and physlclans
as well as with photographs purporting
to show the exrraction, purificarion and
testing of radium at the Balley Labs' ln
fact, Blailey simply bought purified ra'
dium whoiesale from the nearby Amer'
ican Radium laboratory' bottling it in
distilled water and marking up the prict
by almost 500 percent;He offered php-
icians a l7 percent rebate as a "profes-
sional fee," a practice that the American
Medical Association condemned as "fee-
-slilitting quackery" in 1927.'The plomotions qulckly made Balley
a rlch man. He sold more than 400'000
half-ounce bottles between 1925 and
1930. Yet although evidence began to
mount that small quantities of radio
active material could be devastating
to health, the public at first took little
notice. No one seemed to worry about
a sickness that had so far been con'
fined to Poor, working'class wornen
who painted radium onto watch dials'
The iul issued warnings, but it had
no recourse to legal action. The Federal
Trade Comrntssion therefore took the
lead by beginning an investigation of
Bailey's claims ln 1928. On February 5'
1930, the agency filed an official com-
plaint charging Bailey with falsely ad'
vertising the efficacy and harmlessness
of his products.
It was at about this time that &en By'
ers began to experience unusual aches
and pains. He told tris private physician
that he had lost "that toned-up feeling.'
Ht began to lose welght and complalned
of headaches and toothaches. He was
told that he just had a bad case of si'
nusitis but became alarmed when his
teeth began falling out.
A radiologist ln New York CitY, Jo-/\ seph Steiner, looked at BYers's
L \ radiographs and noticed some
sirnilarities between the developing
bony lesions in Byers's mandible and
thoie descrlbed ln the deceased radl'
um dial painters. Frederick B. FlinrL the
prominent radlum expert from the de'
partment of lndustrlal medlcine at Co
lumbia Universlty, was called in as a
consultant and confirmed Steiner's sus-
picions: Byers's body was slowly decom'
posing, the result of massive radium
intoxliation from the Radithor. Flinn's
conclusions were not made public, how'
ever, in part because other €xperts-ln'
cluding Byers's personal physician-re'
fused to accept thenl
By September l93l the commission's
investifadon was well under way, and
the ai[rU Byers was called to tesdfy. He
was too lll to travel, so 8 spedal attor'
ney, Robert H. Wnn, was sent to Byers's
Long lsland mansion to take the depo
sition. He later described the scene:
"A more gruesome elPerlence ln a
more gorgeous setthg would be hard
to imagine. l,Ye went to Southampton
where Byers had a magrrtflcent home.
There we discovered hlm ln a condidon
which beggars descrlptlon Young ln
years and mentally alert, he could hard'
ly speak.llis head was swathed ln ban'
dages. He had undergone two succes'
sive jaw operadons and hls whole upper
jaw, excepting two ftont tee0t and most
bf his lower Jaw had been removed. All
the-remaining- bone-tissue-of trls body
was slowly disintegratlng, and holes
were actually formlng tn hls slull."
On December 19, 1931, the commls"
sion issued a cease'anddeslst order en'
jotnlng the Balley Radlum laboratorles
lrom continulnS -to-marlet Radlthor.
The rultng came ttx) late to do B)€rs any
good. Wlth lrls death ln 1932, the com'
mission reopened lts lnvestlgatlor\ and
the FDA began camPalgnlng for more
sweeping powers. Medlcal sodedes took
the opporhurity to denounce dl patmt
medicine sales, and calls for radlum'
control laws were volced throughout
America and Europe. The forerunners
of the current regulatlons resulcdng
the sales of radlopharmaceutlcals to
authorized users actually date back to
the Byers affalr. Wlth the lnstltudon of
the regulatlong, the radloacdvl patent
INVISIBLE RAYS from Byers's teeth lefl these eerle lmages-on
pf,oi"sraphlc film duriirg the forenslc examlnatlon that fol'
il;Iir "-esome
deaG. Decades later a reexaminatlon of
ifr" i""rf, "-ra
bones of Byers' Balley and other consurners of
i;dit6r showed sigrrifiiant levels of resldud radioacdvlty'
98 SctENrEIc AIIIERICAN Augttst 1993
Although many lndlvlduals bad qutcHy rumunbe{ sorlG-
il.I;dfii Baltey-managed to rea-c-h a rlpe age,.often Yvttbout
""n"ri"i.oy ltl efrects that could be attrlbuted clearly^ro the
iaal"rloi. Thls extraordlnary varlatlon ln rhe eficcts of long'
term radl,atl,on rematns unexplalned.
I
)
I
I
medicine industry collapsed oYeplsltt o.s l- END oF tNGEsTloN pE'ton
Bailey was never prosecuted fo^r By- -
-'- | EIte vr rrteLe,vrt ----
tr"tT,H"$Hf;ffitl,f"lt[,t E I l-4**a^n more radium water than any I o.ol- ./
man allve, and I have never suffered fi I ./ 1r.-'",v,u"nio'rt..,ffi$ffllfm g .l ,/ -,fisv**".:. Trade Commission t: r,*Radithor"*,".1Tffi_1."fi#;*i..9*f ,/ -/bv then the Great l
i6"av rat en lrs toll on Radtthor sales, E I ./ -/and Sailey had moved on to serreral new tr o: Li,a*ui.'.*'Tj,il""tk""fflffI H
-.l- ^/tivepaperwelghtadvertisedasa'minla' E 1 -2,-tfa*ui in:; rna ^**or"lt a raooac-trvG I , , ,belt cUp; and the Thoronator, a reffll-
able radioacdve "r,uatr, tprt"L for ev' . lo*.1'-?!---- jlll.?a.,* JAN 1e3o JAN 1931 JAt'l tesE!
END OF INGESTION PEBIOT)
RADITHOR
MDIUM22B
BADIUM226
rt.lRTHERREADIM}
TII I.ATE EFTECTS OD DfMNNAII.T DE.
PoSITED RADTOACTTT,E MATEnlAls I}f
Mex. Joscph Aub, Roblcry EuBns' L lle
oelmarur and N. Martland b MQnEhtp.
Vol. 31. No. 3, pager 221-329i f952.
RADILI}I AND MESOTflOntUT. POISOMNG
AND DosnfiTr.Y AI0 D{srnurotrA'
TIoN TECHI.TIQI,ES Df AF"IIED R,ADIOAC.
rrvrrv. Roblcy D. Etlanc ln Anrunl kogr'
ress Rewtis iS6e-f 960, Drepald at th
MIT Radloactrdry Center under cpnutt
--AT(3tr f F95 Z.-Nadonal Tecbnlcel bfr
roadon SeMct. 196E.
NucrrAr FEAI,: A lltsiTonY or luAGEs.
Spenccr R. We.rL Harrard t Dhrcral$
hegc, 19E8.
R^DIOACIIVIIT A}ID }IEALIIX A ITSTG
nv. J. Newdl Stannard. Nadonal TechnF
cal lnformadon Servlce l9EE
ITADTTHOR A}fD TIIE EA OT Mtr]D RADI.
trr.r THER PY. Roger M. Mackllr ln Jar
Vo!.264, No. 5, pages 614-6lt; Augusl
l, 1990.
;-h'";;Oma".;--'- .'^er.vblmlurltu"{dotloulrPi'tlolan'- itffia;d by the press and Newark SKELETAL RADtoAcTIvry tn Byers ls sbown ln_sraphs based o-n esdmates of thp
, p.iUi. ir""ftfr'om.i.ir, Bailey left rown porency of Raditho-r an{ Ure quaiUlV cons-ume{..Bccausc some decay p-lo-duqls are.
,,.,, Iitrr": rr"igti or trre syers ii*aa anrr i"or" ,idioactive rhan fts radium firom whlcb they derive, the dose rate lncreascd
';:' ilus nna-Ui-tocarea by reporters living even after Byers stopped taldnS tbe medldm.
,..' at the nearby officefront headquartere
,' ', llljlf,fli,"ll",J"rtffiiil,T *TS postrnorrem) an! roqrd td" :.1*.d91 l:g:I.dqgcd\rc pa-tett lnedrdnes has
. .., ness was beiru conaucGh rfr""", f," r"ia in rhe distriLudon of radioactivity ac' long passed, some of the data lr has be'
,.. lt was .a special "ar*iri"g u"srneJsl creted ln the bones and in the resulung queathed will continue to suggeit ar
. , ;; tilaiiil*-. o" tr. d-oor "didn't .o*.q*rr..J forhealttr. Moreover, thi swers ro the problems posed by radon',' ;;;;ihir*: -_- rordc efr""ts of these radiadon loads inthehomeandbyrnrdearwastelnthe-i;il"y ar[ppea from the timelight. appeared to valy grea0y from one vlc' envlronment
He became the eoroioi d nt*i1"u tiil to another. - - These insights rnay also help workers
Timesln New lersef and-wroie urior<s rt. a.t" i"Cs-est-tlnt some individu' to Jlqse,g: :9:1:99 1=:lt^::j 11=', #';;fi';;il;.Ld h""ltt ili"s arsian iorerati-r,igt amounts of bone- peutic alpha radiadon, nowbelng devel'
,: World War II, he was "r, "ag:"tt observl t".lirrg radiolsotoipes, such as radiunr- oped for cancer therapy' Fon as Bailey
; ;;;; rh;'i"i iiir,io cor"**a. n terhap-s these-peoirle are very efficient noled wfth perhaps unwltting presd'
: ,also lnvented a method of swimming ln. ln o"iutirg the r.rbrt*.es or in pro ence and certatnly- wlth lrony: "Radlo
srtrcdon fo*orar""sli"ri;;; for;rb- drdru pfieiqve hormones (such as acdvlty ls one of the most remarkable
, marine detection and a rnechanlsm for gr*uioiyt. colony-stimulatinq factgr- ag.e1ts1n-medlcal sdsnct The dlscor''
gunstght caubrauon He -"i-aro rr"r-g ina tne fiterteutons) that sumrlate the eries relatlng to lts scdon ln thc bdy
, been a wardme -"*eir lrrl-r*au gxo*rLorHood cells when the body ls have been so far-rcadtlng that lt ls lc
::, electronlcsdivislonoiliftf;ffediedon e-xposedtoradiadonAmongtlry*-t-o* posslble to prophesy future devdop
: Mav 16. t9a9: h Tvngsborough, Mass., ,;u".ri4,.t l consumers-of Radlthor rr4!.It ls perpeual surtshbe'"
, ii,fr'"xlg .,f *JJ#'"['.f.1o3I T,3H!',ffi,;* that.Eraans nrrd
;,r., I"iAf aor"roir"ai*cdvltywereturm- - htscolleagues-snrdledLrthel96osrrcrc
, .;. , ., li-an-a-f,i-ass"nia tt "r his health and the dlslnterred r€matns of two Radlthor
.,.:,:..' ipfhiJwere orcellent almost to tlre end. drinkers whose dinical stories corre
I '. . Iitrave developed.? he wrote,'a phllos' spond so dosely to those of Ebm By-
;-r:.:o;;ra*.-*,doesnotperrrttand- :ers and Wtlllam Balley as to c-onsd'
i1,., fi,11;J*V-tO"al Tor records fro-m,, tute a poslttve ldentlfrcadon Ttre bones
',:: ., ivncsborouciiust ttrc total raalue o1 ,5sa:;'of both men showed severe radladon
;:,;,:,: iliEv-famlli-r."1 .tt.te as $4,175 at ' ctnnges and were stlll dangerouty *
; ;,tr; tle if-e of fiicdemtse. : dioacdve, almo-st 50 y-ears after the ln'
lirl'i:: , :,. .i.. "i'.'.:, . dlvtduals had dralned thelr last bottle
il"i;1::ffftare-ltr,a,ortoug postscrtpt to ; of Balldselbdr.WllllamBalley,the-dean
i:; .i1", I riiiir:ttow. Soon anlr-my [Lrary of the radloacdve quacks, thus playgd,,
iiiti.:,if ;;."*u'o"s-"rr.I!:q*11:t*\,-:1-*J::,11.".o""93*'*;*
;i j,..".i*,tE-tfrit:i,*. ;;;dl,U ir, &f, foottteps ma:r ana the end of the era of rnll$ ra-
iii,Iir":r.,of a ghnt Beginntng tn the tgg0s'-frqF I dlum therapy' .r:,';,jiiji: fessorRoblevD:Efi;.emeritusdrttc' The study of the long'term effects'',..ii;ir',, fessdrRoblerr-D.Evans,emeritusdlrec' The study of the long'telm etrects
i t'i.i ior-or the niaoacdvitv qqntg a! the or.ap$ ra{{do1ctg"}91:IT-1y
':'
ii.rJ"Our.[s f"iUtute of Tec]utolog;y,' :, orlginal publicadon of -thls researdr' '
irifi".rUirt.a a number of Radtthdr other apparent victimi of medidrul ra'
""irorrf"cs-as
part of trts large srudy dtum poisonlng have contacted mq and
;iiil;-[ffi'ges-of radtum dlal-palnteri , my colleagues-andl- are,studflng-thelr-
,, and cfrenrfsts. Evans and lrts team from medlcal regordsand attempdng to un'
f'lif. *[ergonne National I:boratory, ' derstand the radladon effects though
riraf.a iCil'Umta (Zf UvfrU and eiglit experlments on rodents. Although the
ScIEr,rEIc Ar,IERlc ItI Augttst l*3 99
EXHIBIT G
*rremrFr:'
o'lo
.ryi.rir;Effi'.ffi[BffilJE@ r t ? tsEE'4ME-l
September 27, 1990
i##.r..i-Jrnr
. .. I rlao..lran! l:o tlink ygu-l o=r yg-uj -ung€I6t.,ri1b. yo.-w -nngei'siiiia i ns arrd
f lexibilitY tn
' dece-rrt rn"t hs-t I aa
Ileeontamlnat i on
Eupportinrt ' ul dr clsion to begln iruncdiate
of tlre plU!f''trrrt ldlngs'and'otlt l'Dment '
it current ly t,rlrrjr;€dlng atngothty.
' rt,;,irr'sl'iin of'
sltr' trt a $enner thot wt l I br'
. )1r,. i trgo. - ybri -alto Teques-tt:,[
{r, r.pl rtrle Eg bOth NHC and
tli,rt un ptovldc you wlth a-'brJ:of
tioti;rl lgtitrcs Lhat aflr"r
Prior to qur docision to Gcas" opctations at the slte' you
ancl I spoke by telephona on Augtrst 3, lqgo. At that ttm+, yoll
Stlggt..'t|(.d..thatHopreparoapfolrll:p6.!:(,hr'm$.forlleonringl'ho
our vlew of lii'
oFnctAr REC0RD C0PY ,lt.ltr IIUil?
Dr rr .l.t.tl2'r: l\ r r | !r . I.. r.rt t l l.'t tr' I j,! t..ll lllra
Av rr 1x.g r l[. I I r | . . l, b &{4 r t.r r lt r.. r'.r r h I r r r i S-EP I I 1990
a
.scptemtr€. 27, 1990
Prge 13
'3-.' gn-ql f-. .P.u.i-l.c!. '
.t.n the event thet netthor of tho pievlou:t tt.o tlLernativcg
become evrilable, dtspoari of l-he ntonraito thtough Ott-site
burirl yould bs thc moot-rpgroprtalErremaint ng'd I sposr I
lltcrnltlve. Herlt'9c Gulrontly owns nearly levGn thousrnd
ecres surrounding the Heritarle llinerals plattl siL€' Fur ial of
' the rnonaz'ite in e relatively rutnoto at ea' f o I lowcd by dcad
rcttrlctiongontherolevantProPettyandaccr,l$Panlc.0bythe
.....PP]oprlrtr..PullY.e.c.onLrol'co+rldbe.achlgvc0lnr.heolth
i. g.llloFf l..l.t A l.leonscd D.lsporcl f-aci I i ty
r n- thr ayo.ot.. 3h..t .ll0. .l ls.c-np-cs ...1 p.. .av.a-l.l.f.bte !9 rc-L:98! ..q.L9'
nonazite f or Processing rnd dl sposol at ge'r' I g dor:med
inepproirlllte, Hetitoge lr frced with 'n unflcucytatrlc
alterttative.-dispcrralo(tlrcnratrlt'ialinarrrillLaillltcls
fectllty sueh t8 the Envlroeare feeillty ln utah or pcrlrapt r
llccnred low-lovol rrdioact'ivo wasto sito' Reeauss thc only
proaontly rvailablc dillrosrl rilqs aro currently in the blostorrt
-,nitorl Sttter, such a disposol scrlndr lo wll I lnvolve
trrnsportrtlorr of the monaalto, ovor public roads, acrutis tho
mafortty of tho lJniterl Stetot3. Thls LranRpcril6f l|,nr In tttlrt'
wtll entai l incleased t ish of huruatt 1r11.1.,r5tl|1r f lr tltr. lmltrl
es *ol l rg on incroasod rlsh of accirtt'nt$ tlld api i lagu'
.rl^r :iraurr r1rr.:rr dlgrrur:orl of aL Lhu tacl t i tY. tht'tlore.rYoll !ft hotorl abovo, orlc'l dlspulisd of aL Lhu lacl t lt
H'.' '\.r'S',
tlj
1: !:
f9:
',
lu4'l "' '.'
Septenbet 27, 1990
Prge l{
monr,? i'ic yili'efhpty add'to the re$ldurl riOlatlon irtes.int 5t
tho Eito. Nor does tt oahe aense to util izc th$ vsly l inril'url
radioaettve weste disposal caPacity for matorlrl llko t.ho
Herltagc-moneeitc-sands, GsPeclt!-!y lt other disposal oPtionst
crllL
Itl{r -and of no small importancu to Hcr itagtl, lllr (otil
of dltporal at . westoln f icl I I ty wi I I bo ast runrimical in
.colutfllonto.Lhgrltcrnrtlvgqdl.gcu.sscd.bovc..our,.current
estimate ls that LhIs dlsposal method wt I I coit r0ptorlnatoly.'.
s3r0oor0oo.t, comp.reel rrith our cur rcnt cstin.rtc of i250,0o01i
tOr dlrpo-Sel at raa and oven lesr if the qqlrarl-to ln
.tr-t-ri.s.tgrreO. lo .ng.qhq{ partf.r tt ir eppe.r.ont.th6t the erpensc
of dtrposnl ln r llcenscd lacl I ity l.s wholly uniustif icd anrl
lmprrct icabl6.'t-' t{greovol , o$ discu$red alrr.rve, Such tliS,OSal
would run cuultter tcr tho AI,AEA pt itrriplu' For tho:ie roa$onli'
a/Brsed on rn estlmatod cost ot 0?ro0o per ton of n.tc3lrl
aoi- ioio I ng. t r enspor tei ion rnd d lrpoul f oog '
tr6lted ,rtr in[t,r6,al eort qunte$ f rnm local berge oPrlldt ioni,
plus loading alrd t:.nsPoltrtlrxt
-'..'ln or<ler L., pt.1611 !lro 0t,OOO,OOO {ieurt!- ln pcrspur.:Llve
.oiit ir6 to thl-overit t iiie of Hor l) arla If norela, lt lr
iirg;,ii-"rrrf r;trlnt ti tho onLl roty of lleritltr1 tllneral's.
;;;iiii "r]'iiiii*rt thrt.rugh opuraLioir of thrr ml tl bctwecn thtt
ye.rs 198? to 1990. ThuE, an orP€inditure of this proportiort'
ii-"iOii to dispocc of r reletively small em(rurrt g[
i;"iil;i"iii-i;iiiitio mrtcrlal ia- rn-ertrotnoly risnlf icrnl , tt
r,Jt. ",ippliirg. orponditure for llolitago.
scPtember. 27' 1990
Pegc lt
opproPr I rte st ate
tt tone Point in
your consultetion
igenc.' to achi cvt' t hr'
thc (ul.ure. Al t hll l'
and arlvicc. os to httw
1..$rrlts desrt ilnrl atx.rvc
irat:, uo routd Yelccrnte
Lr, l)r.!tl achit'vt' I hr:
6eai red lctrdt
)le Plen on mcoting with You
nore fullY. Untll thcnr tlrlnh
end cooP€ratlolr in this mattGr'
;;;oart Fonnt't, ll$q.
u.s.N. R.C.
0lootl
aaa
stlrrn in ordgr
)-ou agaln [or
to tliscuss tlris
yrrur $n4ctutaqdlng
'al
I
lr
C1
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD PANEL
Before Administrative Judges :
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Dr. Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
IN THE MATTER OF:
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA)
CORPORATION
(Source Material License Amendment)
Docket No. 40-8681
ASLBP No.
October 16,2000
TNTERNATTONAL URANIUM (USA) CORPORATION'S
OPPOSITION TO SARAH M. FIELDS' MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE OUT OF
TIME
I. INTRODUCTION
On August 9, 2000, Sarah M. Fields, Moab, Utatr ("Petitioner'), sent a letter to the
Rulemakings and Adjudications Stafi U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ('NRC') requesting
a hearing on Intemational Uranium (USA) Corporation's ("IUSA's') pending request for a
license amendment authorizing IUSA to process up to 2,000 cubic yards of alternate feed
material from the Heritage Minerals Site located in Lakehwst, New Jersey (*HMI"). IUSA
opposed Petitioner's request, arguing that the requested amendment would not result in any
material change in operations at or associated with IUSA's NRCJicensed White Mesa Mill
under the Mill's existing NRC license and thus would pose no threat to public health and the
environment beyond that presented by current and past milling operations. In fact Petitioner's
5!!J-ry{rd
tk
oocxtB1@
OS-Hfrffi;E
August 9 hearing requesr did not articulate any significant potential for injury to Petitioner, or to
anyone else, from NRC granting IUSA's requested license amendment.
presiding Officer Young initiated a telephone conference among Petitioner,IUSA, and
NRC representatives on September 14, 2000. During that conference, the Presiding Officer
apprised the parties of the procedural status of the case and advised Petitioner regarding the legal
requirements for establishing standing. Apparently having found Petitioner's hearing request
inadequate to establish standing, the Presiding Officer, over IUSA's objection, allowed Petitioner
until September 28 to file a supplemental petition setting forth facts demonstrating an injury-in-
fact attributable to the subject license amendment.
On or about September 22,2}O},Petitioner contacted Frederick Phillips, cotmsel for
IUSA, and requested IUSA's consent to an extension of time in which to file her supplemental
petition. Counsel for IUSA responded that IUSA's agreement to the request was exceedingly
unlikely. On or about September 25,2}O},counsel for IUSA spoke with Petitioner and informed
her that IUSA would not agree to an extension.
The September 28 deadline having passed with no word from Petitioner, on October 6,
2OOO,the presiding Officer issued an Order requiring Petitioner to file, not later than the close of
business on October 10,2000, a motion seeking leave to file out of time, "which explains fully
why she was unable to comply'urith the scheduled filing date." The October 6 Order notes that
ASLBp Chief Counsel Dewey had, at the request of the Presiding Officer, contacted Petitioner
on October 5 to inquire about the supplemental petition, at which time Petitioner reported that
she had been ill and intended to file her supplemental petition on Monday, October 9,2000.
On October I l, 2000, counsel for IUSA received, by facsimile, Petitioner's Motion for
Leave to File Out of Time, requesting that "petitioner should be allowed an additional 30 days to
supplement the August 9 Request for Hearing . . . ." Petitioner's Motion, offering no explanation
for Petitioner's failure to comply with deadlines except that Petitioner requires more time to
review documents that were first requested after the deadlines had passed, establishes, beyond
doubt, that Petitioner is not entitled to the additional time she seeks.
II. ARGUMENT
Petitioner requested a hearing on August 9, 2000, without being able to articulate any
significant potential injury that she would suffer by virnre of IUSA's requested license
amendment. IUSA timely opposed that request. Apparently recognizing that the pro se
Petitioner might benefit from some clarification of the standing requirements prerequisite to
participating in the NRC licensing process, the Presiding Officer initiated the above-referenced
teleconference on September 14. During the September 14 teleconference, the Presiding Officer
instructed Petitioner concerning what is required to establish standing and, over IUSA's
objection, provided Petitioner with an additional two weeks, until September 28,2000, in which
to make the required showing.
The Presiding Oflicer's October 6 Order requires Petitioner to "include with any
supplemental petition a motion seeking leave to file out-of-time, which explains fully why she
was unable to comply with the scheduled filing date." Order at 2. Petitioner's October l0 filing,
entitled "Motion for Leave to File Out of Time," does not include the supplemental petition and,
by way of explanation, offers only that "(D)ue to circumstances beyond the control of myself,
such supplementation of petitioner's Request for Hearing must incorporate real-time voluminous
new information material to my Request for Hearing . . . ." Motion at l. This statement does
nothing to explain why Petitioner, more than two months after her initial, inadequate, request for
a hearing, still is unable to make the required showing within the time allowed by the NRC's
procedural rules as supplemented by the Presiding Officer's order. In fact, Petitioner establishes
by her Motion for Leave to File Out of Time that she did not even request the "real-time
voluminous new information" she is now reviewing until September 28 and October 2,2000,
respectively, the last day of the two additionol weelu that the Presiding Oficer alluted her and
four days after expiration of that additional time. See Attachments to Motion for Leave to File
Out of Time (reflecting Petitioner's requests for information on September 28 and October 2,
2ooo).t
IUSA has endured, and continues to endure, the delay and expense of Petitioner's
unfocused attempt to participate in the Subpart L informal license amendment process. As the
Commission previously has stated, the license applicant and the public have a keen "interest in
thetimelyandorderlyconductofourproceedings.''(South
Texas Project, Units I and 2), ALAB-549, 9 NRC 644,648-649 (1979), citing, Nuclear Fuel
Services. Inc., (West Valley Reprocessing Plant), CLI-75-4,1 NRC 273,275 (1975). Petitioner,
already afforded a second chance to satisff the prerequisites to participation in this process, has
responded by ignoring the Presiding Officer's deadline and failing to offer any rational
explanation therefor.
I It bears mention that detailed information concerning the HMI monazite sands is contained in
the Site Decommissioning Management Plan, first published and made publicly available
in October 1993 (NUREG-1444). Petitioner's concerns regarding the number of
picocuries of thorium per gram of monazite sand also is misplaced. Petitioner's Motion,
at2-3. Without debating the accuracy of the numbers cited by Petitioner,IUSA notes
that the combined uranium/thorium concentration of the HMI monazite sands is within
Footnote continued on next page
I
Footnote contiiiued from previous page
the range of conventional ores and other alternate feeds previously approved for
processing at the White Mesa Mill and transported through Moab.
CONCLUSION
Petitioner has failed, on August 9,2000, on September 28, 2000, and on October 10,
2000, to articulate any particularized injury likely to be caused her by IUSA's requested license
amendment, and thus has failed to establish that she has standing to obtain a hearing to challenge
that request. Petitioner also has failed to proffer any compelling explanation that would excuse
her repeated failure to comply with NRC regulations and the orders of the Presiding Officer.
.IU-SA
*t]1.11:-{i:en-:e lmenont",:.i-,*i-c.11i1 is entitled:,.1,i-.II a|jud]cation'
Accordingly,IUSA respectfully requests that Petitioner's Motion for Leave to File Out of Time
be denied for failing to provide any plausible justification for Petitioner's repeated failure to
meet applicable deadlines and that Petitioner's Request for Hearing be denied for failing to
","-establish that-Petitioner has standing to challenge-the requested-license amendment.
Respectfully submitted this 16tr day of October, 2000.
SHAW PITTMAN
Anthony J. Thompson
Frederick S. Phillips
David C. Lashway
2300 N Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20037
[phone]
COUNSEL TO INTERNATIONAL
URANTUM (USA) CORPORATTON
IN THE MATTER OF:
INTERNATIONAL URANITIM (USA)
CORPORATION
(Source Material License Amendment)
LINITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD PANEL
Before Administrative Judges:
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Dr. Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
*
*
*
*
:1.
rF
*
*
Docket No. 40-868 I -MLA-S
ASLBP No. 00-782-08-MLA
October 16,2000
CERTIFICATE OF SERYICE
I hereby certi$/ that I caused true and complete copies of the foregoing
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA) CORPORATION'S OPPOSITION TO THE
PETITIONERS MOTION FOR LEAVE TO FILE OUT-OF-TIME in the above-captioned
matter to be served, first-class, postage prepaid mail on this 16th day of October, 2000 to:
The Honorable G. Paul Bollwerk,III
Chief Judge
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Two White Flint North
I1545 Rockville Pike
Mail Stop T-3F23
Rockville, MD 20852
Office of the Secretary
Attn: Rulemakings and
Adjudications Staff
One White Flint North
I1555 Rockville Pike
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Rockville, Maryland 20852
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Office of the General Counsel
11555 Rockville Pike
Rockville, MD 20852
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel
One White Flint North
I1555 Rockville Pike
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Rockville, Maryland 20852
t a'
t
I
Offrce of Rulemakings and
Adjudications
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
I1555 Rockville Pike
Rockville, MD 20852
Administrative Judge*
Ann Marshall Young
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
Mail Stop T-3-F23
Washington, D.C. 205 5 5-0001
Documcnt #: 1025207 v.l
Sarah M. Fields
P.O. Box 143
Moab, UT 84532
Administrative Judge
Dr. Charles N. Kelber
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Mail Stop T-3 F23
Washington, D.C. 20555-0001
SHAW PITTMAN
2300 N Street, N.W.
'-Washington, DC 20037
COUNSEL TO INTERNATIONAL
URAMUM (USA) CORPORATTON
Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnidgel
0?:5lu Frur-SHAI PlTIUlt
oct-11-uu'l 1:u4AM; rage
lrll? P,nz/w F-g5l
Doahst No - 40''t6Sl'MI-A-t
ASI-BP No. 00-?[2"08*MLA
Ootobcr 10,2000
202 663 8924;o/ 4,Sent BY:
r 0-l I -00
Fdoge .tUrlnisrmivs IudgTr-
Ail,-rLmtrrY-urry.Hffitrt
Dr. ChnrlceN'KeIt
ilffi-nrattcr oft )
)
INTEBNATIONALUBANIIJT{(USA) )
'^|jif[ixitroNa v'- -.
I
(Sor$ccMalgirlLiccurtcArffidrncnt' )*";;;;'ffi.-stle-rs+sl )
----------F
Tbis norion is rcsponriva to ln Ogtobs 6' 2000' ordr( froE thE Prssidins
ofiiEgr,lcquFctiosthErlfllcamotimfortcovctofilcout.of-tims.fuImrubmiting
rhis rootion r Eru dilis*rtty r'vtcaili.gN*c rmords ohrEim. fiomtbcNusrcx*ogulatuy
cosunission (NRc) prflic Doorsnent Rom (pDR). u,hich l tiroEly ordscd md tcceiv.rt
oD Octob;r 6,2000' and on OGtobGr t0' 2000'
Iang[rcotlygrrppterncrntrngperitmr,sArrgustg,2000,BEque$lforHcuiag.
Dustocilculilta$ccsbcydd$ecotrttolofmysolf.srrchErEPlgnmletiouof,
pctitiow,r Rsqrrcct for llouingnU$ bcorporeic rcor,time voluminous sflr informntiom
manrial b By rcqu.$ fc Irmrtug ild th! stsnditrB atgrrscnr' contain.d thsrciD'' as
suppbrncnted.IamEndDdngturuNRCrcgordswit'thi.BIElPoasc:t)NRCFormlTtS
(MicrofgmroPapcrRsquFst),RoquerrNrrmbcrBIIS0T3,DarcofRsqucf,t10'2-00'
End2)E.soilfromSslabFictdtts$ENBCPublicDocumcmtBswl'$c,lttmbcr2E'
Se;rt By: Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnrdgei 2oz 663 Bs24;ucI-]1-uu ll:u4AMi ragE +rtr
T-3e2 P'03/0? F-s5l
l0-ll-00 0?:5lcr Frr-SllAI PtTTtlAIt 2
" -:' tF
2000- Notc s$ f,Ery of fis 300 s !o pa8lGs rccetvod Eom Se PDE' rs &sy vcrg
r*Eodu,ad fum otd, 4Bxr$rr'$Eha,.rG
sborlerlsgible ,*rhGNBc sm 1?18 (as
**ffiffi;ffi -", shsrnosrior,os bsvod p*rtioncd I
control. .r -e +Lrre *rc ftcfirat rod legnl bacEt ror grunring ths
F#oncr tould ErguP lhgr ftEe 6s ftc
frcrdtltquss[ fm lpaw ro rrkrul-of timo'
shce drs orrrrpt of &s p$ncDt gnrcsudin* t'e pditionor h!$ iound ir rreccsstry
ro go rn NRc otfrdnl rcconrs lnmaining to Hsirage MiDSars' hrc' (*t{Ir'ill-)' uocrot No'
40_gggo. in ords m otnnil t*r,o$tbafliE rEfor,n,,ion rsE,rdinSsc HMI ruten*l titd
Intcrnaiorrntl)rsni$ilr
(usA) curporrtion g"rU$A") popo*seto trnnsprrfithrough
dountounMosb'UuhforrcEeipt,prrcElsitrs,gtr(ldisPoi,alattUSA.swhiteMccaMin.
Nci*srtrctrrilyl?'2000'NBCSuml9nrud.Bgi[t$Ncicc(65TG6'RFg'
oqo?t) that rc*ccd ud ,.coiti of th. luly 5, 2000, cr*ild.mi IBquEst ftor,n IUSA, or
rus A' * Iurv i'::iffi H:*s-THffiH r*'**
rcs/Erdins *Y': :";" abourrhc nahs. oftho Edsri'lb-ilE
Bcpmhsr l+' 2(n0, Tdcpbrr* confcrs :
b ufrrnporrg! Ed inDilnplctE'
1lrop"!"dfstrll3ponrl$dtrdhMDaD'Uuih'uacmblesdiug
Iuforodioo Fovidldty H", rgros clmrly comaato' st#rn,nts E$d! iD thc
s'Ftsfohdr 14, Tohpbme comfscnpo- For cxeUrpr+ &s1os thr Tele,hse contenmrc'
G*no,$TfEo,,rlpt,
pagc 42, IitrFS 46)' S rt'r@€rrt ums mad,, tbt$ "thc sro,fic quEdli,$
wo" rai'.d gbout tbe tborirun oorrogrudiorr' it is 2s0,::** of thorir*-z3z PgI
graro.,, Thts $IEtcBd*, is osrgrrdi,eil hy s laouflIy g, 1,ff2. NBC Mmotaodrm &o$l
Se.nt By: Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnldge;202 663 tj9"4i
l0-'ll-00 07:5lrr Frc-BllAI PlTTtlIl
I'
oct-1 1 -00 1 1 :04AM; Page 5/8
T-3{Z P'0r/07 t-gsl
3
Mr.IobnD,Kirrrrauran'SGgroBIto}&.IohnB.Gleun'ful'tdon}II![IDockaNo.lo.Be'0oTm;fuT:ffi#HffiHffi
228 PEr glas of monnaia :;;rrr** t-n
;;;G;t of thorirrm Pcr sat
Tt*tilasdisculsion,dwinEtbEscprmbcrTelcpboncCofcrencg(legttrt
Tnnscriprt pegg 46, riDEB lz-rg) of tbc rource nnrcriat coffirrt of the mut*ist rugA
Pt0Po'Gstotrau+cttluoushdordowaMosb'Utah..NowbrmintbisvBgtl&
mislerdirupareutatloniranyinfumagony,o'idartothermlsoulE8sdElid
conlEnt(aroriutu+rrarrirrm)ofrhematcrialftolorh3H}rIlgitE.onEhf,stogptot
Febrrrrry 2t, l99I,Iet'E &dB HMI roNBC Region I in orilcr to obrrin this moslbaglc
&rE. ThElFebnrry 2s IIMI leupr cmtaios a IloulghEEt, wlugh indicales thrr thc 1,500
longofloolurjlecoutninsS'ESoFqlltperiliuisB(0.585%)EorEclElndgrial(Tlrqdu)'
andthatrucharralrnisistakcnfromatgBgNRctqrPeotionBcDortobcHMllccords
refcEgdtolbowandbclowgillbegrovidcdgsGxhibitstotrcrupplcrrrcottopditionus
Arryuet 9.2000' Bsgue* fu }IesuinS')
It is ueccrrry to go to HMr rccords to dircovcr frsrth, n.r'riar bcing popossd
for transport rhrorrsh altrDrow!, f,floab. unh, for roceipt, pocce*ins qnd dif'st tlisposnt
in rh, white MeaaMirt h,s bec' chsrast'iz'd by tbe NRc aS "tsrir*d monzire'ri'h
p!odtrct-.,ltisuocecc$yrogpfuHMlrccordrtolearqt}rtmostofrhetb$iun
corcainrA in this thgrialcd usnd'n rnsedal is mt the pogcny of ruarrium' as wall ststBd
ahlrins thB Bcancurbcr TstGFho,G confercocc g4tort Trasscript' pBEFs 50 asd 5r)' brrt is
a pucr* radimsdvc Elemmt with it' onm decay ssrier- o,l tfu iuformnion from tbr
til,tr dookst ig role$tto Sis pstidonrr'r *endiug'
SeIt By: Shaw Pittman Potts Tnowbnidge; 2O2 663 8924;oct-11 -0u 11:u5AM;Page o/B
l0-1t-00 07r8lu Fror-SllAl PlTTllAll
'*
T-342 P.05/07 F-S5l
a
Inmdcrfo?thFP.I,r".rtowpBlya[dfioroulhlyiuvsetigplctheorturaand
bffisryofr}rofhcdrtcdnroorzitsilu$iolft*iaboingFoposedfortl[lPolt@u$
dgumtownMoab,Uuh'thirprfuttonErlsrrsttoviol,:rfil[li\reneu,rccgdsot'Eincdon
Ostobs 6 and Octoba f 0' SuEh arwisw is neoossrry in sdrr thstth'i! pctitionmnidtt
Fro,idsscoundmrirfuanysmdinSrHcrgiartiou.ufldEh$urtbcmg&tyftE
*ttTm
turg boriews ftil tu rocord of rhc pru,crs procc.din& a's hst ,Een,d
rhrrs fa[, |9 gvcry unrglxil!ftGoId. Itis a&cagtivepgol( fulI of misgtarcrrren*by
omissis,odoErosi$gim.SucharecordGEIIoBIyb6FoPcrIycorrectcdEftEEthiB
po.iri,owtfrrlg reuicurc dl.oe rlrdl pubric ,,cord' rhErrhie psti*oo*ba. rccrr*ly
acquired. Failruc of tho kesidi,e officcr rc dlsw Equo"Ed additiffid tm' for tsttistu
ofthFpewinforraaioworrldbEvtrydguimgdAttothigpctiriorrcr.riEtErGsL
C}iveoth3ebovg,upuldrcepamsrllyre$rcsthattbBPrElidineofic€frwieilythE
tcr$TrrnrCript of ihe sEpr,,ilbcr 14. 2000, TcrEDhpDs conferenoo snd$s PrEsidirg
offiscr's se$cobcr lt,200tl' *u6 andmnkc a elgtgrainstion oS rp ufugthcr or not
pctitiou should bu audsnd oo adrridonar r0 rrays to nrpplcrnart rhc A*guet 9 RsqtEsi
for Heuisg discrussd io thlrt,{t Tranrcip of thc sE?tEmb€r 14 Telqphurs confcrcnpe'
ForthptE8sdllsst8lEdabove,paitioartEqlrcsrstobgallouedtoflleort+f-timc.
+k-u#^! ** *
\..
Dercd rhis rOb daY of octobcr 2fi)0
At Moab, Uuh
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Dockci No. 4G,t6il-MLA-t
A$LBP No- 00'?82{18'MLA
Octobcr 10,2000
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UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFEry AND LICENSING BOARD PANEL
Before Ad ministrative Judges:
Ann Marshall Young, Presiding Officer
Charles N. Kelber, Special Assistant
ln the Matter of
INTERNATTONAL URANTUM (USA)
CORPORATION
(Source Material License Amendment)
Docket No. 40-8681 -MLA-8
ASLBP No. 00-782-08-MLA
October 6, 2000
ORDER
(Requiring Motion for Leave to File Out-of-Time)
1. On September 28,2000, Petitioner Sarah Fields' supplemental petition was due to
be filed in the above-captioned case, which concerns a petition and request for hearing filed by
Ms. Fields with regard to lnternational Uranium (USA) Corporation (IUSA)'s application to
amend Source Material License SUA-1358 to allow its White Mesa Uranium Mill near Blanding,
Utah, to receive and process up to 2000 cubic yards of alternative feed material from Heritage
Minerals Site in Lakehurst, New Jersey.
2. On October 5, not having received the supplemental petition, Judge Young asked
ASLBP Chief Counsel Lee Dewey to contact Ms. Fields to ascertain whether the petition had
been mailed and not yet received at the ASLBP. When Mr. Dewey contacted Petitioner Fields,
she told him that she had been ill and intended to file her supplemental petition on Monday,
October 9, 2000.
3. Not having timely filed her supplemental petition nor requested an extension
with regard to it, Petitioner Fields must seek leave from the Presiding Officer to file any
supplemental petition out-of-time. Accordingly, Ms. Fields should include with any
supplemental petition a motion seeking leave to file out-of-time, which explains fully why she
was unable to comply with the scheduled filing date.
4. Failure to file such a motion and to provide a copy thereof to the Presiding Officer.
2000. by email. facsimile or other form of contact, may result in an order being entered taking
appropriate action, which could include ruling on the petition based upon what has been
submitted to date and dismissing the petition.l
It is so ORDERED.
BY THE PRESIDING OFFICER2
/RN
Ann MarshallYoung
ADMINISTRATIVE JUDGE
Rockville, Maryland
October 6, 2000
lThe Presiding Officer's facsimile number is 301/415-5599 and email address is
[e-mail]; IUSA counsel's facsimile number is 2021663-8007 and email address is
[e-mail]; the facsimile number of the Office of the Secretary is
301 t 415-1 1 01, and email address is internet:[e-mail].
2Copies of this Order were sent this date by lnternet e-mail transmission to all
participants or counsel for participants.
' . Ssp-I9-2000 05:44pn From-SHAll P tTTltAilo 202454700 I
Docket trto. 4&8681 -lt/iLA-E
ASLBP No. (&78i!{B-lt tA
Setramber 1E,2000
T-366 P.002/005 l-tg?
UNITED STATES OF AIIERICA
NUCLEAR REGUIiTORY COII,MISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENEING BOARD PAr{EL
Before fulministraWe Juclgos:
Ann Marahall Yorng, Presiding Offioer
Charles N- Kelber' Spodd AssiEoant
ln the Ma$er of
INTERMTIoML URANIUM (usA)
CORPORATION
Marerial License Arnendment)
lMdresqifrg MattefF ConsidqfFd at Sel
onSeptember14,z(x)o,arangcribedreFPhoneconfererroewashelclintheabo,g.
capioned cil8e. whach concGms a petition ancr request for neadng fild by Ms- Sarah M- Fielcrs
with regard to tnpmational uranium (USA) Corporation (luSA)'s applica$on tq amend Source
Materiar License suA,lgsg to ailow its whit* Mesa uranium Mill near Elaruling, utah, to
receive and process up to 2ffx, cubic yards of arremative feed materiarfrom Herilage Minerab
si* in Lakehurst, New Je,"ey. presenr were petitioner sarah Fiolth; counsel for Apflicant
!USA. Frerlerick Phillips. Anthony Thompson, David Lashway ard Davirl Frydenhnd; the
presiding offrcar ard the speciarAssi,,ant also aiBing in were John Darlc and ASLBP chief
Counael Lee Darey.' The follorYing manerB wBre con8idered arul tlecided at urb conlerence:
1. The status of rhe Gase, both procetluralu and with regard !o thB requiremente for
establishing etarding unrlerthe law, uvas discussed, and peftbner Fhlcre, u'fio appearcd po
se, ws' given the opPonunlty to ask any queStions aboul Ere proceedings' and to addresS the
rBy l€tler dated septsmber 7..stafi couneel Mitri A' Young irulicated $at rle $aff
woulcl not be PaniclPafing as a Pany in &c IUSA
'. Sep-I9-?000 05:41prn Frorn-SHAll Pl
,'
TTIIAITo 2021517001 T-366 P.003/005 F'lg?
-2-
issrre of ]Ef stEndirE in the casE as well a5 APplicanl IUSA'8 opposition to ner request for
headrg. The presicrirg offrcer and the speciar Assismnt shared informaton of sfiic'l theywero
aware conceming various possibre iactuar and legalaspecrs of the ca8o, !o aseiettlre petitioner
and ttre applicant in addres6ing all rehvanr issues in tlre case' The pelitinner ard the apfl-r:ant
rflere arso heard on ryhettrer petitioner F,elcrs shourrr be permilted to EupdGrnsnt trerArgu.t g
pefitbn and requeal lor headng in $e sase'
2. over the ohiection of Applicant lusA, Ms- Feldsuras permi[ed tofib a supplememal
patltion, End the follardng deadlirres uaere set
a- Petitioner Fielde slrall fite her suppalrental Pegtion on or before s8ilempqr 28'
2ogo. Ms. Frekts agreed to limit her supplemeilal petilion ro approximBtely 20 Pag6 or lGss'
andmayalsoanachtothBPetnionanyrelovafltdocumentBuponnfiictlstlewiEh€Enrely.Me.
Fields w*l ma1 her supplementar petition by the seflember zE d€adlina and if possiblc s'tll al€o
email it to the preaiding offrcer (ar aMy@oG-gou. [re special AsEistant (at cNrBnrc'g+4'
mefffiaeoftreNRGsecretary(atHEARINGPQCKET@nrc'goI)'aldtoapplirxttcoun*l
Fre&rick PhilliPs
b. lf lusA wislres ro file any responso to Ms. Fields' supplernental Pelition' il shall do so
on or before o4gFPr4-3@, with email copiea
'o
r,e Preeiting officer' the sPGcial Assistant'
the officB of the secretary, and Ma' Fields (at sarahmufoc*(@heiln?il'com)-
c. ln ,'e absence of any further prooeedirgs wiilr regad to lhe supPhmental pelilion
am any resPonss thereto, a ruling on Ms' Fislds'requestfor hearing shallDe issued on or
before Novertrh9r 1 3. 29Q0'
3. Mr. Darke was permiued to make a short verbal limiled aPPoarance statsmeil in the
case,andmayalsofileawrittenlimitedapPealanceilhesowi8hGg'
TTil ilo 2024517001 T-366 P.004/005 F-79?'. Sap-I9-2000 05:41pm From-SHAlt Pl
,'
Roctarins, MarYhnd
Sept€mber 18,2000
-3-
4.u,henavailable,rhetranscriptofth€Elepholrconferenoewiilbeeledronicsw
po.rod on the Agoncyuuide Doc,ments Access arrd Managomq[ sys,m (ADAtr's)' wto'
accesEtotfiepublicthrqughsreNRC,slilcrn€fiw6b$itePuHicElecfionicReediruRoomlinhel
<hBp:/trwru-nrc'go'NRG'ADAiis'index-htrnF'
It'c so ORDERED'
BY THE PRESIDING OFFICERz
ffilffi+allnP,uDGE
G orcrer ngle ce^!r rhis date by lilemet B'rna,ilrransmies-ron ,o all
partidprnd or counsel for participanu'
'r Ssp-I9-2000 05:44pm From-SHAlt Pl
#
"Ann Young'<AilY@nrc'gov> on og'rg'zxt. 0t:58:{E PIf,
To: , ... '. '
subiEotluSAo,IlorAGldr8oEingt/|a[ofEcoffmlo'€datUl{,ooT€[sPhoneconleranco
lgeacbed ig an Order addreoeia$ cbc uacters conaidered ac Ebe EeIePhoBe
cooferesce iB Ehe ILgr eage laat weels'
Ans ilaraball Youog' Presidisg officer
m - lnrernduraniumusAorderResl400Tercorf'uptl
TTIIAl{o T-366 P.005/005 t-Tsz
I
TJNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LICENSING BOARD PANEL .OC 'II . L,.) 4.. .'ii
Before Administrative Judges:
IN THE MATTER OF: t
I
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA) ' Docket No. 40-8681CORPORATION I ASLBP No.
rl
(Source Material License Amendment) * August 24,2000
I
INTERNATIONAL URANILJM (USA) CORPORATION'S
opposlTloN To THE REQUEST FOR HEARING OF SARAH M. FIELDS
I. INTRODUCTION
On August 9, 2000, Sarah M. Fields, Moab, Utah ("Petitioner"), sent a letter to the
Rulemakings and Adjudications Staff, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission ("I.IRC') requesting
a hearing on International Uranium (USA) Corporation's ("lUSA's") pending request for a
license amendment authorizing IUSA to proccss up to 2,000 cubic yards of alternate fced
material from the Heritage Minerals Site located in Lakehurst, New Jersey ("HMI'). The
alternate feed material is a monazite sand pile that is to be removed from the HMI Site pursuant
to the Decommissioning Plan for the HMI Site under NRC Source Materials License No. SMB-
l54l. IUSA has requested a license amendment allowing IUSA to process this material at its
White Mesa Uranium Mill near Blanding, Utah. IUSA proposes to process this material for its
uanium content and dispose of the tailings in its on-site permitted tailings cell. A "cc" of
Petitioner's letter was sent to IUSA by regular mail on a date unknown; no certificate of service
G-*p/AE: Stoy- d37 sFa/-oL
accompanied the letter. ruSA has assumed that the hearing request was served on August 9.
Thus, this Opposition is due on August 24,2000.
u.BACKGROI.'ND
ruSA operates, in accordance with Source Material License No. SUA-1358 issued by the
NRC, a uranium recovery facility called the White Mesa Mill (the "Mill") in Blanding, Utah.
The Mill processes uranium-bearing material to extract the uranium therefrom. Residuals, or
"tailings," from this process, defined as "l le.(2) byproduct material," are disposed of in an
NRC-licensed lined "cell" or impoundment at the site. IUSA's Mill is regulated by NRC,
pursuant to the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, and the Uranium Mill Tailings
Radiation Control Act of 1978 ("UMTRCA"), as amended, as effbctuated by NRC regulations
set forttr at l0 C.F.R. Part 40, including Appendix A and applicable NRC guidance documents.
On July 5,2000, ruSA applied to NRC for an amendment to its License No. SUA-1358,
to allow ruSA to receive and process the HMI monazite sand as "altemate feed material" at the
Mill. Notice of IUSA's request was published in the Federal Register on July l7,2OO0.l
NI. ARGIJMENT
A. Petitioner Is Not ['ntitled To The Requested lleanng
Petitioner's Request for Hearing, brought pursuant to l0 C.F.R. Section 2.1205(d), must
satis$ the criteria set forth at subparts (e) and (h), including the requirernents that Petitioner's
concerns are gennane to the subject agency action and that Petitioner is able to establish that she
has standing to participate in the proceedings. As detailed below, Petitioner fails to meet the
I 65 F"d. Reg.44078 -44079.
-2-
-:
judicial standards for standing, as she has failed to altege any concrete and particulaind injury
and has failed to raise any concerns gerrnane to the requested license amendment. Thus,
Petitioner is not entitled to a hearing on IUSA's request for a license amendment. Conscquently,
and as set forth below, IUSA respectfully requests that the Petitioner's Request for Hearing be
denied.
B. Standards to he applied.
Pursuant to l0 C.F.R. Section 2.1205(e):
(T)he request for a hearing filed by a person otber than an appticant must describe in
detail -
(l) The interest of the requestor in the proceeding;
(2) How the interests may be affected by the results of the proceeding, including
the reasons why the requestor should be permitted a hearing, with particular
reference to the factors set out in paragraph (h) ofthis section;
(3) The requestor's areas of concern about the llcensing activity that ls the
subject mstter of the proceeding; and
( ) The circumstances establishing that the request for a hearing is timcly in
accordance with paragraph (d) of this section.
lO C.F.R. Section 2.1205(e) (emphasis added). Section 2.1205(b) states:
(h) In ruling on a request for a hearing filed under paragraph (d) of this section, the
presiding officer shall determine that the specified areas of concern are germane to
ihe subjict mafter of the proceedlng and that the petition is timely. The presiding
officer also shall determine that the requestor meets the judicial standards for
standing and shall consider, among other factors -.
(l) The nature of the requestor's right under the [Atomic Energy]
Act to be made a party to the proceeding;
(2) The nature and extent of the requestor's proPerty, financial, or
other interest in the proceeding; and
-3-
o-
(3) The possible effect of any order that may be entered in the
proceeding upon the requestor's interest.2
l0 C.F.R. Section 2.1205(h) (emphasis added). As demonstrated below, Petitioner does not meet
the judicial standards for standing, as she has not shown that she has suffered or is likely to
suffer any particular harm from IUSA's proposed license amendment, alleging, as she does, only
vague and generalized grievances about "possible adverse effects to this requestor by the
transportation of the HMI materials through Moab...."3 Moreover, Petitioner's stated concems
that "IUSA is not authorized by the Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended, to receive, process,
or dispose of the HMI materials," that IUSA's license amendment application "did not
adequately consider the transportation corridor through Moab, utah," and that the NRC has not
conducted a "programrnatic Environmental Assessment with respect the (sic) remediation of . . .
SDMP facilities" ar€ not germane to the license amendment at issue.a Where, as here, petitioner
fails to make a suflicient showing of an injury-in-fact to establish standing and fails to raise
issues that are gerrnane to the requested license amendment, a hearing request should be denied.
2 l0 C.F.R. g 2.t205(h) (emphosis added).3 Petitioner's Requesl for Hearing at 3.a Petitioner's first concern, that IUSA is not authorized "to receive, process, or dispose of the HMI
maleriats," is, of course, gcnnane in the sense lhal thar is lhe reoson thot I|SA b requesting lhe
subiect license amendmenl. IUSA's present lack of authority to accept the HMI marcrials ii not
disputed and IUSA and NRC are addiessing lhis concern by engaging in the ticense amendmentprrcess. The fact,that IUSA is not presently authorized lo accept itre-tna materials cannot, byitself, entitle Petitioner to a hearing. Petitioner's ofter two stated concems have no particular
relationship to-the requested license amendment. IUSA's license amendment applicarion docsadequately address transportation of materials to the Mill. lssues relaring to r"nrporr*ion of
materiats to and from rhe Mill also have been addressed in the 1979 Fina-l Environmental
Statement filed in support of IUSA's original license and in the Amendment Request fited Juty 5,2000. Petitioner's concern about NRC's failure to conduct a "programmatic Environmental
Assessment" also bears no relationship to IUSA's requested liienJe amendment.
4-
C. Petitioncr has failed to demonstrete standing entitling her to a hearing
in this matter.
To demonstrate standing entitling Petitioner to a hearing, she must show (l) that she has
suffered, or likely will suffer, injury infact from the license amendment at issue; (2) that the
alleged injury is arguably within the zone of interests sought to be prolected by the statute at
issue; and (3) that the injury is redressable by a favorable decision in the proceeding.5
As this tribunal is well awatre, "[s]tanding is not a mere legal technicality, it is in fact an
essential element in determining whether there is any legitimate role for a court or an agency
adjudicatory body in dealing with a particular grievance.'6 To satisfi the "irreducible
constitutional minimum" of standing, a potential litigant must demonstrate that there is a
"concrete and particularized injury that is: l) actual or imminent; 2) caused by, or fairly
traceable to, an acl that the litigant challenges in the instant litigation; and 3) redressable by the
court."7 To show the required injury in fact based on an assertion of future harm, NRC has held
that that future harm "rznst be rhreatened, certainly impending, and real and immediale."s
Petitioner has failed to satis$ the requirements for standing because she has failed to
make the fundamental showing of an injury infact that can be attributed to the challenged action,
i.e., the issuance of IUSA's license amendment permitting IUSA to process alternate feed
material from the HMI site. Petitioner has stated that "(T)here is a high probability that this
s Northern States Power Company,44 NRC 138, 1996 Lexis 46, 115-6 (1996).
6 llestinghouse ElectricCorp.,CLI-94-O7,39NRC 322,1994 Lexis3l,.* 5-6(1994).1 Florida Audubon Society v. Bentsen,g4 F.3d 658, 663 (D.C. Cir. 1996) (en banc') (citations omitted)
(emphasis dded).
t Babcock & l{ilcox,LBP-93-4, 1993 NRC Lexis 6, rr7-8 (1993)(emphasis added).
-5-
requestor would be affected by the tmnsport of the material" from the HMI Lakehurst facility' e
Nowhere does petitioner state wfty she believes "there is a high probability that (she) would be
affected" nor does she offer any suggestion of ftow she might be affected' Petitioner states that
she "has the right not to be unnecessarily affected by the transport of the HMI material that is
proposed to be transported to and received and processed at the White Mesa Mill'-lo Again,
Petitioner provides no indication of how or why she might be "unnecessarily affected by the
transport of the HMI material" or of whether or how being so "affected" causes her some injury'
petitioner has not alleged, much less demonstrated, any "actual or imminent" injury or
,.real and immediate" threatened future harm caused or impending by virnte of IUSA's requested
license amendment. In the absence of any demonstration of harm, realized or reasonably
anticipated, petitioner lacks standing to challenge the requested license amendment and is not
entitled to a hearing.l!
petitioner's stated "areas of concem" -- "that IUSA is not authorized by the Atomic
Energy Act of 1954, as amended, to receive, process, or dispose of the HMI materials," that there
has been inadequate consideration of "the transportation corridor through Moab, IJtatl," and that
t See Request for Hearing at 2.
ro .See Request for Hearing at 3.
ll IUSA submis that Peritioner's failure to demonslrate any "concrete and particularizsd"-injury is not
merely I case of inartful pleading by a prose litigant. Petitioner cites the applicable regulations
(i.e., i0 C.F.R. Section Z'.|}OS ana ippiicaUle subpans) and attempts to satisry each of thc
prerequisites to a hearing containcd itrerein. See, generally, Request for Hearing. IUSA suggests
that petirioneris nara-pissed to articulate an injriry-in-fact beciuse she suffers none. As sa forth
in IUSA's Amendmeni Request, transportation lf in" HMI materials to the White Mesa Mill is
cxpected to result, on "u"oi., in an additional ten rucks per week Eaveling State Road l9l in
the Moab area foiberw."n 6n" and three months. (Amendment Request at 9). According to the
mosl recent data published by thc Utah Department ofTransportation, approximately 3t5 ttucl:
already travel this route every day. Id. eddirionally, the NRC previously has-concluded that'the
Footnote continued on next Page
-6-
"there has been no NRC progfturrmatic Environmental Assessment with respect to remediation
of"'SDMP facilities"l2 likewise do not suggest any particularized injury to Petitioner. Petitioner
makes no attempt to explain what her concems with these issues are or what harm will result
from these concerns. Again, Petitioner's vague and generalized concerns do not entitle her to a
hearing on IUSA's pending license amendment.
D. Petitioner suffers no redressable injury as a result of IUSA's license
amendment.
In order to establish standing, a petitioner must show not only injury-in-fact, but'that the
injury fairly can be traced to the challenged action; and ( ) that the injury is likely to be redressed
by a favorable decision."t3 Petitioner demonstrates no injury and is unable to show how any
hypothetical injury would be redressed by denying the particular license amendment at issue.
The pending license amendment concerns only IUSA'S request to process up to 2,000
cubic yards (approximately 3,000 tons) of uranium-containing monazite sands from the HMI
facility.la The material from the HMI facility currently is regulated as source material.ls All
waste associated with processing this material will be I le.(2) byproduct material.l6 The nature
Footnote continued from previous page
transportaiion of radioactive malerials in accord with NRC and DOT regulations will not have a
significant adverse impact on the environment." See 49 Fed. Reg. 9375 (March 12, 1984).
12 Request for Hcaring at 3-4.
') Drllurt v. /VRC 863 F. 2dg68,971 (D.C. Cir. lgEE); Shoreham-Wading River Cenrral Schoot Distict
v.NRC,93l F.2dlO2,l05(D.C.Cir. l99l). SeeLanglslandLightingCo. (ShorehamNuclear
Power Station, Unit I ), LBP-91- I , 33 NRC 15,2E-29 ( I 991); Long lsland Lighting Co.
(Shoreham Nuclear Power Stalion, Unit I), LBP-91-7, 33 NRC 179,192,194-95 (1991).
la Amendmenr Requcst at 2.
15 Amendment Request at l.
t6 see Id.
-7-
and volume of material to be processed, the nature and volume of tailings to be placed in IUSA's
lined tailings cell, and the amount of yellowcake to be produced, all are within limits established
by IUSA's exisring license.t1 As discussed above, the truck traffic associated with transporting
the HMI materials is expected to average approximately ten trucks per week.lt Thus, the
requested amendment specifically allowing the receipt and processing of the HMI material, will
not, as a practical matter, cause any change in the White Mesa Mill's operations currently
permined by its existing license. Petitioner cannot demonstrate that the requested amendment
may cause any redressable injury. Consequently, Petitioner cannot establish standing and is not
entitled to a hearing.
l? .See Amendment Request at 6, 9.
t8 Th. 1979 Finat Environmental Statemcnt prepared in support of the Mill's original license application
stated that IUSA expected, on average, approximately E5 trucks per day to be associated with
Mitt operations. Truck traflic ro thtMill, for all Milt activities during the hauling of the HMI
materials, is expected lo averagc fewer than 30 trucks per day.
-8-
ry. CONCLUSION
Petitioner has failed to raise any issue germane to or articulate any injury-in-fact
occasioned by the license amendment here at issue. Accordingly, and for all of rhe reasons set
forth above,IUSA respectfully submits that Petitioner, Ms. Sarah M. Fields, lacks standing to
participate in a hearing on the subject license amendment and her Request for Hearing should be
denied.
Respectfully submitted this 246 day of August,2000.
Anthony J. Thompson
Frederick S. Phillips
David C. Lashway
2300N Sueet, N.W.
Washington,Dc 2W37
(202) 663,8000
corrNSEL TO INTERNATTONAL (USA)
URA}IIUM CORPORATION
-9-
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION
ATOMIC SAFETY AND LJCENSING BOARD PANF'I.
IN THE MATTER OF:
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA)
COPJORATION
(Source Material License Amendment)
Docket No.40-8681
ASLBP No.
August 24,2000
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CF'RTITICATE OF SERVICE
I hereby certiry that I caused true and complete copies of the foregoing
INTERNATIONAL URANIUM (USA) CORPORATION'S OPPOSITION TO THE REQUEST
FOR HEARING OF SARAH M. FIELDS in the above-captioned matter to be served, first-class,
postage prepaid mail on this 24th day of August,2000 to:
The Honorable G. Paul Bollwerk, III
Chief Judge
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Two White Flint North
I1545 Rockville Pike
Mail Stop T-3 F23
Rockville, MD 20852
Office of the Secretary
Attrr: Rulemakings and
Adjudications Staff
One White Flint North
I1555 Rockville Pike
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Rockville, Maryland 20852
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Office of the General Counsel
I1555 Rockville Pike
Rockville, MD 20852
Atomic Safety and Licensing Board Panel
One White Flint North
I1555 Rockville Pike
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Rockville, Maryland 20852
!
Offrce of Rulemakings and
Adjudications
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
I1555 Rockville Pike
Rockville, MD 20852
Sarah M. Fields
P.O. Box 143
Moab, UT 84532
Frederick S. Phillips
SHAW PITTMAN
2300 N Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20037
couNSEL TO INTERNATTONAL (USA)
URANII.JM CORPORATION
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EGIEIUE
AUG 1 4 ZOOO
August 9,2000
B.y-
Secretary
U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission
Washington, D.C. 20555-000 I
Attention: Rulemaking and Adjudications Staff
HEARING REQUEST
Docket No. 40-8681
In Response to a Federal Register Notice of July 17,2000, Vol. 64, No. I l, pages 44078-
44079.
Pursuant l0 C.F.R. Part2, Subpart L, "Informal Hearing Procedures for Adjudications in
Materials and Operator Licensing Proceedings", I would hereby request a hearing in
response to'Notice of Request from International Uranium ("IUSA") Corporation to
Amend Source Material License SUA-I358 to Receive and Process Alternate Feed
Materials, Notice of Opportunity for Hearing", published in the Federal Register on July
17, 2000 (65 Fed. Reg. 44078, 44078-44079).
The Nuclear Regulatory Commission ('A{RC") received an application dated July 5,
2000, from IUSA, requesting an amendment to their license. The amendment application
("Application") requested that the NRC allow IUSA's White Mesa Uranium Mill near
Blanding Utah, to receive and process up 2000 cubic yards of alternate feed material
from the Heritage Minerals Inc. ("HMI") Site located in Lakehurst, New Jersey.
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The Heritage Minerals site is being decommissioned underNRC Source Materials
License No. SMB-I541, Docket No. 40-8980.
In accordance with l0 C.F.R. 2.1205(e), the requestor will address the following:
The interest of the requestor in the proceedine.
Response:
This requestor lives in Moab, Utah. The Application proposes to transport the HMI
material along Utah State Highway l9l from north of Moab, right through downtown
Moab, where Highway l9l becomes Main Street, and beyond Moab south on Highway
191 through Monticello and Blanding, Utah, to the White Mesa Mill. This requestor
lives one block west of Main Street (downgradient) and works one block east of Main
Street. This requestor usually walks or rides a bicycle, and sometimes drives, on and
across Main Street every day (of necessity). There is a high probability that this
requestor would be affected by the transport of the material that is proposed to be
hansported to, and received and processed at, the white Mesa Mill.
why the requestor should be permitted a hearing. with particular reference to the factors
set out in 2.1205(9) of this section.
3
Response:
(l) The nature of the requestor's right under the Act to be made a party to the
proceeding: This requestor has a right to reside and sojoum on or near the
transportation corridor within Moab, described above. This requestor has the
right not to be unnecessarily affected by the tansport of the HMI material that is
proposed to be transported to and received and processed at the White Mesa Mill.
(2) The nature and extent of the requestor's property, financial, or other interest in
the proceeding: My livelihood requires that I reside near and interact with the
proposed transportation corridor through Moab, Utah, as described above. There
is no way for me to avoid this situation.
(3) The possible effect of any order that may be entered in the proceeding upon the
requestor's interest: Any possible adverse effects to this requestor by the
transportation of the HMI materials through Moab could be mitigated as a result
of an order which might be issued in the context of a proceeding, pursuant the
Atomic Energy Act of 1954, as amended.
the proceeding.
Response:
A. Requestor is concemed that IUSA is not authorized by the Atomic Energy Act of
1954, as amended, to receive, process, or dispose of the HMI materials.
The July 5, 2000, Application did not adequately consider the transportation
corridor through Moab, Utah.
The HRI materials derive from the remediation of one of many NRC licensed
SDMP facilities.. To the best of my knowledge, there has been no NRC
programmatic Environmental Assessment with respect the remediation of such
facilities. The NRC decision-makers involved in reviewing the July 5 Application
are required by law to have access to such an assessment. Applicable law does
not permit such an incremental isolated review of a programmatically impacted
licensing action.
The circumstances establishins that the request for a hearine is timely in accordance
with 2.1205(c).
Response:
This requestor is responding to a Federal Resister Notice dated July 17, 2000 (65 Fed.
Reg. 44078), noticing the opportunity for a hearing. The notice allows thfuty (30) days in
which to request a hearing. Requestor is submitting this hearing request on August 9,
2000. This is well within the time period allowed.
This requestor reserves the right to supplement this petition upon the receipt of additional
information, such as the July 5 Application.
B.
C.
Would respectfully request that any NRC licensing action responsive to the July 5
Application be delayed pending the resolution of the issues brought forward above.
Requestor is appearing pro se./'l
Sarah M. Fields
P.O. Box 143
Moab, Utah 84532
cc: Executive Director of Operations, NRC
International Uranium Corporation y'