DDW-2024-012356

THE DIVISION OF DRINKING WATER
(DDW)
•Governed by a nine-member board that
establishes the rules
•Five Sections
–Administrative Services
–Rules
–Engineering
–Construction Assistance
–Field Services
•www.drinkingwater.utah.gov
DDW REGULATES PUBLIC WATER SYSTEMS
•Public Water Systems (PWS):
–Have 15 services connections AND/OR
–Serve at least 25 people (or 8 service
connections) for 60 days
Community
(COM)
474 Systems
in Utah
Non-Transient
Non-Community
(NTNC)
68 Systems in Utah
Non-Community
(NC)
485 Systems
in Utah
Public Water Systems
PWS
1,028 Systems
in Utah
COMMUNITY SYSTEMS (COM)
•Serve year-round residents
•Long-term exposure, most stringent sampling requirements
•Municipalities, districts
•Utah has 474 COM systems.
NONTRANSIENT NONCOMMUNITY
SYSTEMS (NTNC)
•Serve the same people for
at least 6 months out of
the year
•Industry, rural schools
•Sampling is less stringent
than COM systems.
•Utah has 68 NTNC systems
TRANSIENT NONCOMMUNITY
SYSTEMS (TNC)
•Serve different people
•Are not active year round
•Short-term exposure
•Least stringent sampling
requirements
•Campgrounds, rest stops,
churches, restaurants
•Utah has 485 TNC systems.
PWS REQUIREMENTS
•Construction Standards
•Operational Requirements
•Surface Water Treatment Rule
•Sanitary Surveys/Improvement Priority Rule
•Cross Connection Control
•Source Protection
•Monitoring & Reporting, Water Quality
•Public Notice
•Operator Certification (except TNC systems)
•Private systems are NOT regulated by DDW
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS
•Purpose: to provide a safe and reliable
supply of drinking water.
•Apply to: Source development, water treatment,
water quantity, water storage, pump
stations, and distribution systems.
•Plans for drinking water projects
must be submitted to DDW for review.
Chlorination building. The air intake is at the top, and the
exhaust is near the floor. The ammonia bottle is required.
Intake
Exhaust Fan
Ammonia
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS -
EXAMPLES
•Proper sizing of source, storage, transmission
and distribution piping to meet demands.
•Flowing wells must be controlled by a valve.
•Storage tank access lids must be locked.
•Free flowing wells must be controlled by
valves.
•All vents, overflows and drains must be screened
–Air vents must have a #14 mesh screen
–Water outlets must have a #4 mesh screen
#14 mesh
#4 mesh
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS -
EXAMPLES
•Finished water storage must be covered.
•Sewer lines must be at least 50 feet from
storage reservoirs.
•Sewer lines must be at least
10 feet from waterlines, and
18 inches below waterlines.
•Pumping stations must have
2 complete pumps, and each pump must
provide the maximum flow of the station.
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS -
EXAMPLES
•Access Hatch Lids for Tanks and Springs
–The access hatch lids must be
a shoebox type lid.
–The lid must overlap 2 inches.
–There must be a gasket
between the lid and the
frame.
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS - PRESSURE
•Pressure
–For PWS approved before January 1, 2007:
•Maintain 20 psi minimum dynamic pressure at all locations during normal operation.
•Meet the new minimum pressures in new service areas.
–For new construction after January 1, 2007 at the points of connection:
•20 psi with fire flow during peak day demand
•30 psi during peak instantaneous demand
•40 psi during peak day demand
–Individual home booster pumps are NOT ALLOWED unless an exception is granted by the Division Director.
CONSTRUCTION STANDARDS - EXCEPTIONS
•Requesting an Exception
–If a facility meets the intent of the rule but cannot
meet the construction standards, then they
submit an exception request to the Division
Director in writing.
–It must include:
•The rule citation
•An explanation of why the rule cannot be met
•What the system proposes in lieu of the rule
•Justifications
CONSTRUCTION – PLAN REVIEW
•Required for “construction, addition, and modification” of drinking water facilities.
•Examples
–Recoat a water tank interior
–Change or add a chemical
–Redevelop a source
–Add a booster pump, PRV, or chlorinator
–Construction of tanks, pump stations, pipelines, sources, treatment plants, etc.
•Plan review is required. There is no construction until
Plan Approval is issued.
CONSTRUCTION – PLAN REVIEW
1.Submit a “project notification form.”
2.Submit plans and specifications to obtain
Plan Approval. (Plan on 30 days for the
review process.)
3.Complete construction.
4.Obtain an Operating Permit before placing
the facility in service. Otherwise, 50 to 150 deficiency points could be assessed.
–This includes submitting as-built drawings,
satisfactory bacteria results, etc.
CONSTRUCTION – PLAN REVIEW
•Plan Review is NOT required for certain O&M
procedures such as:
–Repair leaky pipelines
–Replace existing pipeline of the same size or upgrade to
meet minimum size requirement
–Add new pipeline <500 feet at a time
or <1,000 feet per year
–Inspect, clean, and maintain a tank
–Tap existing water mains to connect
new service laterals
–Replace a pump of the same type,
size, and rated capacity
OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENTS
•Contaminated facilities must be disinfected before being placed back into service.
•AWWA disinfection standards (50 ppm chlorine)
–C651 Water mains
–C652 Storage tanks
–C653 Water treatment plants
–C654 Wells
•Added chemicals must meet National Sanitation
Foundation (NSF) Standard 60.
•Deep-rooted vegetation in a spring collection
area must be mechanically cleaned.
IMPROVEMENT PRIORITY SYSTEM (IPS)
•The way DDW measures the
condition and performance of
a PWS, based on quality,
monitoring, public notification,
physical deficiencies, operator
certification, cross connection
control, and source protection.
•The more demerit points a
PWS has, the worse off it is!
IMPROVEMENT PRIORITY SYSTEM (IPS)
•Points are assessed for deficiencies and
violations.
•The amount of points assessed is based on the
threat to the water quality and public health.
–Confirmed E.coli contamination = 50 points
–Missing a smooth-
nosed sampling tap
on well discharge
piping = 1 point
IMPROVEMENT PRIORITY SYSTEM (IPS)
•Thresholds:
–COM 150 pts
–NTNC 120 pts
–TNC 100 pts
•For an approved
rating, a PWS
must have LESS than the
thresholds above.
RATINGS
•Approved:
–In good compliance
•Corrective Action:
–Provisional rating for a PWS that is working on compliance
•Not Approved:
–PWS does not fully comply with the rules
IMPROVEMENT PRIORITY SYSTEM (IPS)
•Points are added:
–At the time of the sanitary survey
–When the PWS fails to sample
–There is a quality problem
•Points are deleted:
–When the physical deficiencies are fixed
–When samples are taken
–For coliform, the IPS points stay on for 12 months
or 4 consecutive quarters of operation.
IMPROVEMENT PRIORITY SYSTEM (IPS)
•Sanitary Survey
–During the survey points are given for physical
facility deficiencies.
–A time period is given for the
problem to be fixed before
the points are activated.
–Points are only given once for a repeating deficiency.
–Some deficiencies may be grandfathered if they will
not impact public health. (See Exceptions in
Construction Standards.)
CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL
There are 5 required components:
1.Local Authority:
Identifies a person to administer the program, must require protection for cross connections,
must require periodic testing of
all backflow prevention assemblies, must require hazard assessments, identifies and authorizes enforcement methods, requires inspection of new
construction and existing privately-owned PWS.
CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL
2.Public Awareness/Education: bill
Stuffers, newspaper, town meetings,
consumer confidence reports
3.Trained or Certified Staff: ABPA evening seminars, backflow certification course, Rural Water seminars
4.Records of Program Activities: Inventory of testable assemblies, inventory of health (high) hazard air gaps, records of hazard assessment surveys, records of enforcement actions
CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL
5.Ongoing Enforcement:
Hazard assessment surveys/appropriate
protection provided, tracking annual testing of
devices, continues public education,
assemblies tested annually
CROSS-CONNECTION CONTROL
Degree of Hazard Protection
•Sewage: Air gap - minimum 1” or twice the
diameter of the pipe & best form of CCC
•High Hazard: Backpressure or backsiphonage,
requires Reduced Pressure (RP) backflow assembly
•High Hazard: Backsiphonage only, requires Pressure
Vacuum Breaker (PVB) assembly, spill resistant
vacuum (SVB) breaker assembly or atmosphere
vacuum breaker device (AVB)
•Low Hazard: Backpressure of backsiphonage,
requires double check valve
•Low Hazard: Backsiphonage only, requires PVB,
SVB, or AVB
SOURCE PROTECTION PLANS
•Required for all new sources for all PWS, but TNC
sources built before 1993 are exempt.
–TNC systems have Source Water Assessments
•There are five required components:
1.Identify a designated person
2.Inventory all potential sources of contamination
3.Management plan to manage and
prevent contamination
4.Contingency plan
5.Source delineation
SOURCE PROTECTION PLANS
•Delineation
–Zone 1 = 100-ft radius
–Zone 2 = 250-day time of
travel
–Zone 3 = 3-year time of
travel
–Zone 4 = 15-year time of
travel
*Optional 2 mile radius
SOURCE PROTECTION PLANS
•Surface Water Zones
–Zone 1 = ½ mile from High
Water Mark (HWM), 100 ft
downstream to 15 miles
upstream
–Zone 2 = 1,000 ft from HWM,
additional 50 miles upstream
–Zone 3 = 500 ft from HWM
–Zone 4 = remainder of
watershed or state line
SOURCE PROTECTION PLANS
•Monitoring reduction waivers for VOCs and
pesticides
•There is an implementation schedule for the plan.
•There is a resource evaluation that lists resources
to implement the plan.
•The contingency plan includes all drinking water
sources.
•Must notify the public of your source protection
plan, usually a part of the consumer confidence
report (CCR).
WATER QUALITY
•Primary Drinking Water Standards
–Health based, sampling is required
•Secondary Drinking Water Standards
–Aesthetic based, sampling is not required
•Treatment Technique
–Only for surface water
treatment systems
•Action Levels
–Only for lead/copper
WATER QUALITY –
VARIANCES & EXEMPTIONS
•Variances & exemptions are not available for total
coliform and surface water treatment.
•A variance or exemption must not result in an
unreasonable risk to human health.
•Variances are based on raw water quality.
•Exemptions are based on availability
of feasible treatment.
•Additional time is given to meet
the MCL or BAT (best available
technology).
WATER QUALITY - MONITORING
•Distribution
–Coliform bacteria
–Lead & Copper
–Asbestos
–Disinfection
Byproducts
•Source
–Asbestos
–Inorganics &
Metals
–Nitrate, Nitrite
–Sulfate
–VOCs
–Pesticides
–Radionuclides
WATER QUALITY – COLIFORM BACTERIA
•Coliform bacteria is an indicator bacteria
•Coliform is a family of bacteria. Some cause
illness; others do not.
•All samples are tested for Escherichia coli (E. coli)
•All PWS must sample monthly.
•The number of samples required depends on the
system population.
•PWS keeps records of
coliform results for 5 years.
WATER QUALITY – COLIFORM BACTERIA
Community
Sample every month
The # of samples depends on
population
Nontransient
Noncommunity (NTNC)
Noncommunity (NC)
WATER QUALITY – COLIFORM BACTERIA
•Sampling Site Plan
–A plan that shows the PWS is rotating its samples throughout
representative sites in the system.
–Must be written, submitted to DDW and is reviewed during the
sanitary survey.
–A PWS must have at least 5 sites in the plan or twice the # of
samples required.
–PWS that collects >5 samples per
month should not
collect them on the same day day.
–The PWS is responsible for
for taking coliform samples.
WATER QUALITY – COLIFORM BACTERIA
1.You take the routine sample and send it to the lab.
2.The lab will mark the results:
–Satisfactory (TC -)
–Unsatisfactory (TC + EC -, or TC + EC +)
–Indeterminate (interfering bacteria, PWS must take
another routine sample within 24 hours.)
3.If the results are satisfactory, then no further action is required.
4.If the results are unsatisfactory, you
must take repeat, triggered and
possibly investigative samples.
WATER QUALITY – COLIFORM BACTERIA
Types of Samples
ROUTINE = The routine samples required monthly .
REPEAT = Samples taken in the distribution system after an
unsatisfactory routine. They must be pulled from within 5 service
connections upstream & downstream and one at the original site.
TRIGGERED = For groundwater PWS, these samples are taken at all
groundwater sources in use. If a groundwater PWS purchases water,
then the wholesale system must be notified so they can take these
samples at their sources.
CONFIRMATION= Taken when Triggered GW source sample is E.coli
positive.
INVESTIGATIVE= Samples taken to identify a potential problem, but
do not count toward samples required by monitoring schedule
WATER QUALITY – COLIFORM BACTERIA
•If the result is unsatisfactory:
–The lab analyzes for E.coli (EC).
–PWS takes REPEAT, and groundwater systems
take TRIGGERED samples within 24 hours of
notification.
•How many repeats do I take?
•All systems take 3 repeat samples
•Original sample site
•5 Connections upstream
•5 Connections downstream
WATER QUALITY – COLIFORM BACTERIA
Violations for the Revised Total Coliform Rule
•Monitoring Violations:
•Failure to take routines or triggered samples
•Failure to take repeat samples results in assessment
requirement
•Quality Violations:
•Acute violations are confirmed E.coli contamination.
•Mandatory health effects language with public notice
WATER QUALITY – COLIFORM BACTERIA
Violations for the Revised Total Coliform Rule
•Treatment Technique Violations:
–Failure to conduct a Level 1 or 2 Assessment
–Failure to correct significant deficiencies
–Failure to perform seasonal start-up procedures
•Reporting Violation:
–Failure to report results (whether they are taken or not)
–Failure to report seasonal start-up procedures
–Failure to report a Level 1 or 2 Assessment

WATER QUALITY – COLIFORM BACTERIA
Acute Violations: at two points in time (routine, repeat)
a PWS has at least one TC+ and one EC+.
ROUTINE REPEAT Violation Triggers
TC+ EC-TC+EC-No Violation Level 1 or 2 Assessment
TC+ EC-TC+ EC?E.coli MCL Violation Failure to test for E.coli results
MCL and an assessment
TC+ EC-TC+ EC+E.coli MCL Violation Level 1 or 2 Assessment
TC+ EC-Missed Any
Repeat
Samples
No MCL Violation Level 1 or 2 Assessment
TC+ EC+TC+E.coli MCL Violation Level 2 Assessment
TC+ EC+TC+ EC+E. coli MCL Violation Level 2 Assessment
Seasonal Systems
•Seasonal Systems: Systems that are only open
part of the year. Meaning NO WATER IS
SERVED DURING THEIR CLOSED PERIOD
•Required to perform and report start-up
procedure before opening
–Inspect
–Flush
–Disinfect
–Clean INVESTIGATIVE bacteria sample
–Report process to DDW
Level 1 Assessments
•Triggered By
•TC+ Samples
•PWS that take <40 routines = more than 1 TC+ sample
in a month
•PWS that take >40 routines = more than 5% TC+
samples in a month
•Failure to take repeat samples after routine
TC+EC-
•Conducted by System
•Results reported to DDW within 30 Days of
Trigger
Level 2 Assessments
•Triggered By
•An acute quality violation
•Failure to take repeat samples after routine TC+EC+
•A second Level 1 Assessment within a rolling 12 month
period
•Conducted By DDW or Authorized DDW Personnel
•More In-depth Look At System
WATER QUALITY – GROUNDWATER RULE
•Applies to PWS using groundwater,
consecutive PWS receiving groundwater,
and wholesale PWS using groundwater
•Five Components
1.Triggered samples at the source
2.Assessment samples at the
source
3.Corrective actions
4.Sanitary surveys
5.Compliance monitoring
WATER QUALITY – GROUNDWATER RULE
1. Triggered Source Samples
–Required when a routine coliform sample is TC +
–How many?
•Take one for each active groundwater source
–What if the triggered sample is EC +?
•PWS takes 5 confirmation source samples.
–4 log treated sources are exempt from triggered
source samples.
WATER QUALITY – GROUNDWATER RULE
2. Assessment Samples
–Required at DDW discretion for sensitive sources, such as redeveloped springs, sources with TC + history, sources without plan approval/operating permit
–A minimum of 12 monthly samples is required per
source.
3. Corrective Actions
–Required when confirmed EC+ at the source
–Uncorrected significant physical deficiencies
–Required within 120 days, or
the DDW-approved Corrective Action plan deadline
WATER QUALITY – GROUNDWATER RULE
4. Sanitary Surveys
–Required 8 elements for surveys
•Operation & maintenance, sources, treatment,
finished water storage, pumps, operator
certification, monitoring & reporting data
verification, distribution system
–Water system should receive
the sanitary survey report
within 30 days.
WATER QUALITY – GROUNDWATER RULE
5.Compliance Monitoring
–Required only for sources with the 4-log
exemption
–An engineering reviewed minimum dosage is
required for 4-log exempt sources.
–Chlorine residual samples
•Over 3,300 population continuous monitoring
•Under 3,300 population daily grab samples
–Reporting is combined with quarterly DBP.
WATER QUALITY – GROUNDWATER RULE
Violations:
–Monitoring
•Failure to collect triggered samples
•Failure to collect assessment samples
•Failure to collection additional source samples –
default to required corrective action
•Failure to complete compliance monitoring
–Quality
•Failure to address confirmed E. coli at the source
•Failure to correct a significant deficiency or file a
corrective action plan
WATER QUALITY – GROUNDWATER RULE
Example Problem:
Distribution system has 1 TC+ sample. What is the operator required to do?
a.Collect repeat samples.
b.Collect a sample at all active groundwater sources.
c.Both a & b
d.Examine the meter reading at the original sample site.
SURFACE WATER TREATMENT RULE
•Surface Water must be treated. Chlorination alone is not
sufficient for treating surface water.
•Package plants must meet the same construction standards as
large plants.
•SW Treatment systems must submit a monthly report to DDW.
1. Filtration 2.Disinfection 3.Disinfectant
Residual in DS
SURFACE WATER TREATMENT RULE
1. Filtration
•Filtration provides a physical barrier to remove
pathogens and particles
•Maximum filter loading rate is 6 gal/min/ft2.
•Turbidity – a measure of the filtration effectiveness
•Surface Water (SW) systems
»0.34 NTU in 95% of samples, never to exceed 1.0
NTU spike
»Sample turbidity at each individual filter effluent
»Sample the combined filter turbidity at the clear
well
•Ground water turbidity = 5.0 NTU
SURFACE WATER TREATMENT RULE
2. Disinfection
•All surface water sources must be monitoring for either
cryptosporidium or E. coli before all treatment to
determine if additional treatment is needed.
•Disinfect to obtain treatment credits and additional Log
inactivation
•99% or 2 log inactivation of crypto
•99.9% or 3 log inactivation of giardia, lamblia cysts
•99.99% or 4 log inactivation of enteric viruses
SURFACE WATER TREATMENT RULE
3. Disinfectant Residual in DS
•Disinfectant CT = Concentration (C) x contact time (T)
•Contact time is required
•The chlorine residual leaving the plant must be = or > 0.2
mg/L and measurable throughout the system.
•Adequate disinfection is mandatory before the first
customer.
•CT with mixing basins and storage tanks is determined by
tracer studies or the equivalent.
SURFACE WATER TREATMENT RULE
•Groundwater may be “under the direct influence”
(UDI) of surface water.
•UDI is determined through a filter test called
microscopic particulate analysis (MPA) that detects
surface origin microorganisms such as algae or
observations involving temperature, turbidity,
alkalinity and volume, or geologic conditions.
•Surface water treatment is required for UDI sources.
WATER QUALITY – LEAD & COPPER
•Required for COM, NTNC
•Must have a sampling site plan
•Must give results of test to sample homes and certify to DDW that results have been given.
•The number of required samples is based on population.
•Samples taken from kitchen/bathroom cold water tap, first draw after sitting undisturbed for 6 hours.
•Not outside spigots, vacant homes or rarely used sinks!
Initial Reduced Further
Reduced
Every 6
months
for 2
rounds
Annually
for 3
rounds
Every 3
years
forever
EXAMPLE:
1st half 2002
2nd half 2002
Annual 2003
Annual 2004
Annual 2005
3 year 2008
3 year 2011
WATER QUALITY – LEAD & COPPER
Sample Sites:
•Tier 1
–Single family homes with copper pipes 1982-1986
•Tier 2
–Multiple family homes with copper pipes 1982-1986
•Tier 3
–Homes before 1982 with metal pipes
Compliance:
•Based on the 90th percentile result
•Compare the 90th percentiles to the Action Levels
–Copper = 1300 ppb (1.3 ppm)
–Lead = 15 ppb (0.015 ppm)
•The result can either meet or
be less than the AL to be in
compliance.
WATER QUALITY – LEAD & COPPER
90th Percentile
•Arrange the results from lowest to highest.
•Multiply the total number of samples by 0.9.
•Compare that result to the Action Level
A PWS takes 10 samples A PWS takes 20 samples
10 x 0.9 = 9 20 x 0.9 = 18
Use the 9th highest result to
compare against the Action Level.
Use the 18th highest result to
compare against the Action Level.
WATER QUALITY – LEAD & COPPER
Practice
•Lead Results (ppb, ug/L):
–<5, 7, 13, <5, 3, 8, <5, 17, 15, <5
•Copper Results (ppb, ug/L):
–129, 1402, 876, 564, 345, 1299, 1395, 290, <10, <10
•What is the 90th percentile result for lead and for copper?
•Does the PWS exceed the AL for lead, copper, both, or neither?
WATER QUALITY – LEAD & COPPER
•What happens if a PWS exceeds the AL for
lead or copper?
–Corrosion control treatment
–Public education and notification
–Water quality parameter testing
–Possible lead line replacement
WATER QUALITY - ASBESTOS
•Distribution System Sampling
–Required for COM, NTNC that
contain asbestos piping in
their distribution systems
–Samples are due once every 9
years.
•Source Sampling
–Required for COM, NTNC at the source for sources in
naturally occurring asbestos formations
–Samples are due once every 9 years.
WATER QUALITY –
DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS (DBPS)
•Disinfectants (chlorine, chloramines, chlorine dioxide) react with naturally occurring material in
the water to create byproducts harmful to human
health.
•Disinfection Byproduct (DBP) monitoring
–Required for COM, NTNC that disinfect
•Types of Byproducts
–Chlorine forms total trihalomethanes and
haloacetic acids.
–Ozone forms bromate.
–Chlorine dioxide forms chlorite.
WATER QUALITY –
DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS (DBPS)
•Compliance is based on the average of results at each sampling location.
•Maximum Contaminant Levels (MCLs)
–Total Trihalomethanes (TTHMs) = 80 ppb (0.080 mg/L)
–Haloacetic Acids (HAAs) = 60 ppb (0.060 mg/L)
•Sampling frequency:
–Sampling varies from quarterly to annually based on the nature of the PWSs sources and population served.
–Reduced monitoring is allowed based on sample results. However, only very small groundwater PWSs (less than 500 population) will be reduced to every 3 years.
WATER QUALITY –
DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS (DBPS)
•A sampling plan is required!
–The number of samples is based on the
population served.
–Must submit a sampling site plan for PWS that did
not do the IDSE (Very Small Systems, 40/30
waiver)
•Consecutive PWSs are on the same sampling
frequency and start date as the largest PWS in
the group.
WATER QUALITY – DISINFECTION
BYPRODUCTS (DBPS)
•Maximum Residual Disinfection
Level (MRDL) of 4.0 mg/L
•Groundwater PWS measure residual 3
times/week where coliform samples are taken
•Surface water plants must continuously
monitor disinfectant residuals. Grab samples
are allowed for PWS serving less than 3,300
people if approved by DDW.
WATER QUALITY –
DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS (DBPS)
•There is additional monitoring for
Conventional Surface Water Treatment Plants:
–Raw water alkalinity
–Raw and finished water Total Organic Carbon
(TOC)
•Submit quarterly reports to DDW due
by the 10th day following the end of
the quarter.
WATER QUALITY – TREATMENT REPORTS
•Chlorination, Fluoridation Report Forms
–Daily readings
–Volume of water treated
–Amount of chemical used, residual
•Surface Water Treatment Plant Report Forms
–Continuous turbidity readings
–Clearwell is an appropriate place to take turbidity
samples.
–Volume of treated water
–Type and amounts of chemicals used
–Continuous chlorine residuals
WATER QUALITY - FLUORIDE
•Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) = 4.0mg/L
•Secondary MCL = 2.0mg/L (If a PWS is over this level, they must notify the public.)
•Plan review & operating permit
•Monthly reports
•Field test = SPADNS for daily fluoride residual concentrations
•Fluoride chemical addition is currently on a county basis
•Treatment Chemicals
–Sodium Fluoride
–Fluorosilicic acid
–Sodium silicofluoride
–Sodium fluorosilicate
WATER QUALITY - STANDARDS
•All chemical added to drinking water must be National
Sanitation (NSF) Standard 60
approved.
•Turbidity for groundwater source
not UDI is 5.0 NTU.
•Turbidity for surface water/UDI
treated water is less than or equal to 0.34 NTU in 95%
of the results, max 1.0 NTU.
•Chlorine MCL is 4.0mg/L (MRDL)
•Reservoir disinfected to AWWA C 652 Standard
WATER QUALITY – SOURCE SAMPLES
•May group sources if:
–They mix before entering
the distribution system.
–2 or more wells in the
same aquifer
•PWS required to keep
chemical results for 10
years
•Report results to DDW
within 40 days of receipt
•Asbestos
•Inorganics & Metals
•Nitrate
•Nitrite
•Sulfate
•VOCs
•Pesticides
•Radionuclides
WATER QUALITY – SOURCE SAMPLES
Systems that must
sample
Initial sampling
frequency
Reduced sampling
frequency
COM, NTNC SW = Annual
GW = Every 3 yrs
Once every 9 yrs
based on all previous
rounds <75% of MCL
Inorganics & Metals
Systems that must
sample
Initial sampling
frequency
Reduced sampling
frequency
TNC Every 3 yrs Once every 9 yrs
based on all previous
results <75% of MCL
Sulfate
WATER QUALITY – SOURCE SAMPLES
Systems that must
sample
Initial sampling
frequency
Reduced sampling
frequency
COM, NTNC, TNC SW = Quarterly
GW = Annual
SW = Annual
NO OTHER
REDUCTIONS
ALLOWED
Nitrate
Systems that
must sample
Initial sampling
frequency
Reduced sampling
frequency
COM, NTNC, TNC Just one sample. . .
If <0.5mg/L = waiver
If >0.5mg/L = quarterly
Waiver = No
sampling required
Nitrite
WATER QUALITY – SOURCE SAMPLES
Systems that must
sample
Initial sampling
frequency
Reduced sampling
frequency
COM, NTNC (if the
source is vulnerable)
Once every 9 yrs No sampling
required
Asbestos
Systems that
must sample
Initial sampling
frequency
Reduced sampling
frequency
COM Quarterly for 1 year Every 3, 6, or 9 yrs,
depending on initial
results
Radionuclides
*Measured in picocuries per
liter (pCi/L)
WATER QUALITY – SOURCE SAMPLES
Systems that must
sample
Initial sampling
frequency
Reduced sampling
frequency
COM, NTNC Quarterly Annual, Once every
3 yrs (susceptibility
waiver), Once every
6 yrs (use waiver)
VOCs (Volatile Organics)
Systems that must
sample
Initial sampling
frequency
Reduced sampling
frequency
COM, NTNC Quarterly Once or twice every
3 yrs (susceptibility
waiver), Not
required (use
waiver)
Pesticides
WATER QUALITY – SOURCE SAMPLES
•Waivers
–Reliably & Consistently
•Based on past data
–Susceptibility
•Based on if the source is vulnerable and past data
–Use
•Based on if the contaminants are used, trans-
ported, manufactured or stored in the source area
WATER QUALITY – REPORTING TO DDW
•It is the PWS’s responsibility to report data to DDW.
•Monthly operational report forms go to DDW.
•Bacterial water quality data must be received by DDW
by the 10th day of the month following receipt of
analysis.
•Chemical water quality data must be received by DDW
within 40 days of receipt of analysis.
•Unsatisfactory analytical results must be reported to
DDW by phone as soon as possible.
CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORTS (CCR)
•Annual water quality report due by July 1 to
DDW, wholesalers due by April 1.
•Required for all COM systems
•DDW must receive:
–A copy of the CCR by July 1
–A certification letter describing how the CCR was
delivered to customers by October 1
CONSUMER CONFIDENCE REPORTS (CCR)
•The CCR must contain:
–Date prepared, PWS identification number
–System information (phone, meetings)
–Source information (names)
–Definitions (MCL = maximum contaminant level)
–Table of detected contaminants
–Violations (if any)
–Additional health information
–Variances & exemptions (if any)
–Uncorrected Significant Deficiencies
PUBLIC NOTIFICATION
•Violation Types
–Tier 1
•Acute contaminants = confirmed E.coli coliform bacteria acute violation, nitrate, nitrite
•Mandatory health effects language
•Notify DDW & customers within 24 hours
–Tier 2
•Non-Acute Contaminants = chemical MCLs,
•Treatment technique=Failure to perform assessment
•Mandatory health effects language
•Notify DDW & customers within 30 days
–Tier 3
•Monitoring & reporting violations
•Notify customers within 1 year
•Failure to correct significant deficiency\sanitary defect
–Continue notification every 3 months for as long as the violation exists
OPERATOR CERTIFICATION
•Required for all COM and NTNC systems AND
any PWS that treats surface water or UDI
water.
•How do I become certified?
–Tested Certificates
•Pass the op cert exam, specific the
to operator
–Grandfather Certificates
•PWS is in compliance, specific to the operator and PWS, non-transferable, operator must have worked for the PWS for a minimum # of years
OPERATOR CERTIFICATION
•Certificates
–Operator
•Working for a PWS
–Specialist
•Not working for a PWS
•Certification Levels
–Treatment – 4 levels
•T1, T2, T3, T4
–Distribution – 5 levels
•SS, D1, D2, D3, D4
OPERATOR CERTIFICATION
•Required Experience
–Unrestricted
•Experience: from 0 to 10 years
•The exam cannot measure
experience (what you can do)
–Restricted
•Certified at or above grade level but
lacks the required experience
OPERATOR CERTIFICATION
•Direct Responsible Charge (DRC)
–All DRC operators must be certified
at the level of the PWS.
–They make independent decisions
which may affect the quantity or
quality of the water.
–The supervisor’s signature is required.
–If all DRC operators leave a PWS
•DDW must be notified within 10 days
•Obtain a new certified operator within 1 year
OPERATOR CERTIFICATION –
REQUIREMENTS FOR UNRESTRICTED LICENSE
Grade
Level
BS degree AS degree High
School
Non-High
School
DRC +
Years
DRC/Total
(Years)
DRC/Total
(Years)
DRC/Total
(Years)
DRC/Total
(Years)
SS & 1 0/1 0/1 0/1 0/1
2 0/2 0/2 0/2 0/3
3 1/2 1/2 2/4 3/6
4 2/4 2/6 4/8 5/10
OPERATOR CERTIFICATION
•Operator Responsibilities
–Ensure safe and adequate supply of water
–Be current with monitoring & reporting requirements
–Report to DDW unsatisfactory water quality and breakdowns in treatment
–On call operators must be within 1 hour travel time
–24-hour PWS – Each shift must have an operator certified at the level of the PWS
•A certificate may be revoked:
–For data falsification
–For disregard of public health and safety
–Cheating on an exam
OPERATOR CERTIFICATION
•Renewal
–All certificates are renewable every 3 years
(grandfather, operator, specialist)
–Continuing Education Units (CEUs) are required for
renewal. 1 CEU = 10 hours
2 CEUs = 20 hours
Small System
T1 & D1
T2 & D2
3 CEUs = 30 hours
T3 & D3
T4 & D4