DAQ-2024-010897

1

DAQC-998-24
Site ID 16074 (B4)
MEMORANDUM

TO: STACK TEST FILE – KINDER MORGAN ALTAMONT, LLC – Section 8 Compressor
Station – Duchesne County

THROUGH: Rik Ombach, Minor Source Oil and Gas Compliance Section Manager

FROM: Kyle Greenberg, Environmental Scientist

DATE: October 1, 2024

SUBJECT: Source: Section 8 Compressor Station: C-1, C-2, and C-3
Location: Remote location in Duchesne County, UT
Contact: Erin Dunman: 303-914-7506
Tester: Kinder Morgan Emissions Testing Group
Site ID #: 16074
Permit/AO #: DAQE-AN160740001-22, dated April 4, 2022
Subject: Review of Pretest Protocol dated September 25, 2024

On September 25, 2024, DAQ received a pretest protocol for the testing of Compressor Engines C-1, C-2, and
C-3 at the Section 8 Compressor Station in Duchesne County, UT. Testing will be performed during the week
of October 28, 2024, to determine compliance with the emission limits found in Condition II.B.2 of
DAQE-AN160740001-22 and 40 CFR part 60 subpart JJJJ.

PROTOCOL CONDITIONS:

1. Method 1 used to determine sample traverses: OK
2. Method 3A used to determine dry molecular weight of the gas stream: OK
3. Method 4 used to determine Moisture Content in effluent gas stream: OK
4. Method 7E used to determine NOx emissions: OK
5. Method 10 used to determine CO emissions: OK
6. Method 19 used to determine exhaust effluent flows and mass emission rates: OK

7. ASTM D6348-03 used to determine VOC emissions: OK

DEVIATIONS: None stated in the protocol.

CONCLUSION: The protocol appears to be acceptable.

RECOMMENDATION: It is recommended the methods proposed in the pretest protocol be
determined as acceptable to determine the concentrations and
emission rates of NOx, CO, and VOCs for the compressor engines.

ATTACHMENTS: Kinder Morgan Altamont pretest protocol and notification letter.

_________________________________________________________________________________
Electronic Submittal

September 25, 2024

Rik Ombach, Manager
Minor Source Compliance Section
Utah Division of Air Quality
195 North 1950 West, 4th Floor
Salt Lake City, UT 84116

Re: Kinder Morgan Altamont LLC
Section 8 Compressor Station, Approval Order DAQE-AN160740001-22
Emission Test Notification and Protocol: Engines C-1, C-2 & C-3

Dear Mr. Ombach,

Kinder Morgan Altamont LLC (Kinder Morgan) is submitting this written notification to conduct initial
performance testing on engines C-1, C-2, and C-3 at its Section 8 Compressor Station (Section 8) located
in Duchesne County, Utah. Operation of the subject engines and assoicated air pollution control
equipment is authorized under Approval Order DAQE-AN160740001-22 (AO) issued by the Utah Division
of Air Quality (UDAQ) on April 4, 2022. The proposed emissions testing will be conducted to satisfy the
requirements of the AO, specifically Condition II.B.2.a.1 and 40 CFR part 60 subpart JJJJ, Standards of
Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines (NSPS JJJJ). Kinder Morgan
proposes to conduct emission tesing on these engines during the week of October 28, 2024, if agreed
upon by the UDAQ. The engines arer subject to the emissions limits and standards, listed in the table
below.

Engine ID Engine
Description
Emission
Controls Pollutant Emission Limit Basis
C-1
C-2
C-3

Waukesha
L7044GSI S5

NSCR
NOx
2.09 lb/hr AO
1.0 g/hp-hr or 82 ppmvd
@15% O2 NSPS JJJJ
CO
4.18 lb/hr AO
2.0 g/hp-hr or 270 ppmvd
@ 15% O2 NSPS JJJJ
Total VOC 1.26 lb/hr AO
VOC 0.7 g/hp-hr or 60 ppmvd
@ 15% O2 NSPS JJJJ

At the time of this notification, the units have not started up, but will before the test date and a startup
notification will be submitted to UDAQ. All engines are considered new, non-certified engines subject to
40 CFR Part 60, Subpart JJJJ, Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion
Engines. This testing is being performed within 180 days of startup and will satisfy the initial performance
testing requirements per 40 CFR 60.4243(a)(2)(ii).

Due to unforeseen circumstances, there could be changes to the proposed test dates. The UDAQ will be
notified about any schedule changes as soon as possible. During the emission testing, Kinder Morgan will utilize
the attached test protocol.

Please contact me at [phone] or via email at Erin [e-mail] if you have any
questions regarding this letter. Please contact David De Cesari at [phone] or via email at
[e-mail] if you have any technical questions related to the attached emission test
protocol.

Sincerely,

Erin Dunman
Environmental Engineer

Enclosures – Emissions Test Protocol

cc: Emissions Testing Group File # 24-125

REV 41 04/2024

Emissions Testing Group
1001 Louisiana St., Suite 1000
Houston, TX 77002
Emissions Test Protocol
Three (3) Waukesha L7044GSI S5 Natural Gas Fired Engines
Units C-1, C-2 and C-3

Approval Order Number: DAQE-AN160740001-22
Emissions Testing Group File # 24-125
Scheduled Test Date: Week of October 28, 2024

Kinder Morgan Altamont LLC
Section 8 Compressor Station
Altamont, Duchesne County, UT

Date: September 5, 2024
Prepared
for:
State of Utah Department of Environmental Quality (UDEQ)
Division of Air Quality (DAQ)
Prepared
by:
David De Cesari
Emissions Testing Group
[phone]
Reviewed
by:
Johndunn Johnston
Emissions Testing Group
[phone]

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Table of Contents
TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................................. I
INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 1
FACILITY INFORMATION .................................................................................................................................... 2
EMISSIONS GROUP INFORMATION .................................................................................................................. 2
EMISSIONS SAMPLING PROCESS ...................................................................................................................... 3
PROCESS DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................................... 3
EMISSIONS TEST VEHICLE ................................................................................................................................. 3
SAMPLING SYSTEM .............................................................................................................................................. 3
GENERAL TESTING PROCEDURE ...................................................................................................................... 5
EPA REFERENCE AND ASTM METHODS ........................................................................................................ 5
METHOD 1 ............................................................................................................................................................... 5
METHOD 3A ............................................................................................................................................................ 5
METHOD 4 ............................................................................................................................................................... 6
METHOD 7E ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
METHOD 10 ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
METHOD 19 ............................................................................................................................................................. 6
ASTM D6348 ......................................................................................................................................................... 7
INSTRUMENT CHECKS AND CALIBRATIONS ............................................................................................... 7
EPA PROTOCOL GASES (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.7.1) .............................................................................. 7
INTERFERENCE RESPONSE (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.7) ....................................................................... 7
ANALYZER CALIBRATION ERROR TEST (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.3) ................................................. 7
NO2 TO NO CONVERSION EFFICIENCY (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.4) ................................................... 7
SAMPLE LINE LEAK CHECK .................................................................................................................................... 8
RESPONSE TIME TEST (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.6) .............................................................................. 8
SYSTEM BIAS CHECK (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.5 & M7E.8.5) ........................................................... 8
VOC AND CH2O DETERMINATION ........................................................................................................................ 9
EMISSIONS TESTING ........................................................................................................................................... 11
SAMPLE LOCATION AND SET-UP .......................................................................................................................... 11
DETERMINATION OF STRATIFICATION (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.1.2) .................................................. 11
FUEL GAS ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................................ 11
COMPLIANCE TEST RUNS ..................................................................................................................................... 12
TEST REPORT ......................................................................................................................................................... 12
CALCULATIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... 13
CONCENTRATION CORRECTION .................................................................................................................... 13
EPA F-FACTOR ...................................................................................................................................................... 14
15% OXYGEN CORRECTION ............................................................................................................................. 14
MASS EMISSION CALCULATIONS, METHOD 19 ......................................................................................... 15
ASTM D6348 EQUATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 16
MINIMUM DETECTABLE CONCENTRATION .......................................................................................................... 16
REFERENCE CELL ABSORPTION PATH LENGTH ................................................................................................... 17
SAMPLE CELL ABSORPTION PATH LENGTH ......................................................................................................... 18
ANALYTE SPIKING................................................................................................................................................. 18
WET – DRY POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION CORRECTION .................................................................................. 20
VOC CALCULATIONS BY RESPONSE FACTORS .................................................................................................... 20

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List of Figures
Figure 1: Sample System Schematic ........................................................................................................................... 4
List of Tables
Table 1: Engine Detail .................................................................................................................................................. 1
Table 2: Emission Units and Requirements .............................................................................................................. 2
Table 3: Available Instrumentation ............................................................................................................................ 4
Table 4: Unit Conversion Factors ............................................................................................................................. 15
List of Equations
Equation 1: Bias Correction Calculation ................................................................................................................. 13
Equation 2: EPA Fuel Specific Fd factor ................................................................................................................. 14
Equation 3: Emissions Corrected to 15% Oxygen ................................................................................................. 14
Equation 4: Mass Emission Rate (lb/hr) .................................................................................................................. 15
Equation 5: Mass Emission Rate (g/bhp-hr) ........................................................................................................... 15
Equation 6: Noise Limited Minimum Detectable Concentration #1 ................................................................... 16
Equation 7: Analytical Minimum Detectable Concentration #2 .......................................................................... 16
Equation 8: Analytical Minimum Detectable Concentration #3 .......................................................................... 17
Equation 9: Reference Cell Path Length ................................................................................................................. 17
Equation 10: Sample Cell Path Length .................................................................................................................... 18
Equation 11: Dilution Factor ..................................................................................................................................... 18
Equation 12: Expected Spike Concentration .......................................................................................................... 19
Equation 13: Spike Recovery, Percent ..................................................................................................................... 19
Equation 14: Moisture Corrected Concentration .................................................................................................. 20
Equation 15: VOC as Methane by Response Factors ............................................................................................ 20
Equation 16: VOC as Propane .................................................................................................................................. 20
Equation 17: Total VOC for Approval Order Permit Limits .............................................................................. 20

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Introduction
The Company’s Emissions Testing Group (ETG) will be conducting source emissions
testing at the Kinder Morgan Altamont LLC Section 8 Compressor Station in fulfillment of
the State of Utah Department of Environmental Quality (UDEQ) Approval Order Number
DAQE-AN160740001-22. The purpose of this test is to demonstrate compliance with
permitted emission limits and 40CFR60 Subpart JJJJ for the units listed below.
Table 1 and Table 2 present the emission units and species to be measured during the
testing along with applicable permit limits. All testing will be conducted in accordance with
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) test methods as described in 40CFR60, Appendix
A, and this test protocol.
Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and Formaldehyde (CH2O) will be
determined using an FTIR following ASTM D6348 as allowed by 40CFR60 Subpart JJJJ.
Non-methane non-ethane VOC will be reported on a propane basis. Formaldehyde
emissions will be excluded for the purpose of compliance demonstration with 40CFR60
Subpart JJJJ standards (VOC) but will be included for the purpose of compliance with VOC
permit limits (Total VOC).
The testing is tentatively scheduled for the week of October 28, 2024 if agreed upon by the
UDEQ. The ETG will provide as much notice as possible to any changes in this schedule.
Table 1: Engine Detail
Unit Name
(Permit ID) Serial Number Manufacturer Model Catalyst
Type Type Horsepower MFG
Date
C-1 3271471 Waukesha L7044GSI S5 NSCR 4SRB 1,900 07/2019
C-2 3271475 Waukesha L7044GSI S5 NSCR 4SRB 1,900 07/2019
C-3 WAU-1641962 Waukesha L7044GSI S5 NSCR 4SRB 1,900 06/2022

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Table 2: Emission Units and Requirements

FACILITY INFORMATION
Facility: Kinder Morgan Altamont LLC
Section 8 Compressor Station
5.5 North of Duchesne
Altamont, Duchesne County, UT
GPS Coordinates:
LAT 40.3559 LONG -110.3251
Contact: Erin Dunman
Air Compliance
1667 Cole Blvd., Suite 300
Lakewood, CO 80401
[e-mail]
[phone]

EMISSIONS GROUP INFORMATION
Facility: Emissions Testing Group
1001 Louisiana St., Suite 1000
Houston, TX 77002
Contact: David De Cesari
Emissions Testing Group
[e-mail]
[phone]

Unit Name
(Permit ID)
Emission
Species
Applicable
Test Method Applicable Limits Permit Basis
C-1
C-2
C-3
NOX EPA Method 7E
2.09 lb/hr Approval Order No.
DAQE-AN160740001-22
1.0 g/bhp-hr
or
82 ppmvd @ 15% O2
40CFR60 Subpart JJJJ
CO EPA Method 10
4.18 lb/hr Approval Order No.
DAQE-AN160740001-22
2.0 g/bhp-hr
or
270 ppmvd @ 15% O2
40CFR60 Subpart JJJJ
VOC ASTM D6348
0.7 g/bhp-hr
or
60 ppmvd @ 15% O2
40CFR60 Subpart JJJJ
Total VOC ASTM D6348 1.26 lb/hr Approval Order No.
DAQE-AN160740001-22

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Emissions Sampling Process
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
The Waukesha L7044GSI S5 (1,900 hp) reciprocating compressor engines are four
stroke, rich burn, natural gas fired internal combustion engines, equipped with an
NSCR catalyst, driving gas compressors. The energy released during the combustion
process drives gas compressors, raising the pressure of the incoming gas from an
initial “suction” state to a more compressed “discharge” state.
EMISSIONS TEST VEHICLE
The ETG has conducted emission tests on reciprocating engines and turbines for many
years. This testing experience has enabled the ETG to design and assemble an accurate
and versatile emissions test vehicle (ETV). The ETV is one of three environmentally
controlled box trailers housing all analyzers, computers and auxiliary equipment.
A Data Acquisition Control System (DACS) scans instrument outputs and the data is
transferred to a computer for analysis and storage. The computer monitors the readings in
real-time and outputs the data averages to a video monitor and the hard drive. The readings
are recorded and represented in Central Standard Time (CST) due to our headquarters
located in Houston, Texas.
SAMPLING SYSTEM
Continuous analyzers will be used to determine the oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon
monoxide (CO), non-methane, non-ethane, excluding formaldehyde volatile organic
compounds (VOC), formaldehyde (CH2O) and oxygen (O2) emission concentrations.
Available instrumentation and analyzers are listed in Table 3. Brand names and specific
models are for reference only and instruments of equal nominal performance may be
substituted from time to time.
Exhaust gas enters the system through a stainless steel probe and a 3-way sample valve
assembly. The sample is transported via a heat-traced Teflon sample line through a
stainless steel sample pump and into a minimum contact condenser specially designed to
dry the sample. The sample is then passed through 3/8" Teflon tubing to a Balston
Microfiber coalescing filter and then to the sample manifold. The sample manifold is
maintained at a constant pressure by means of a pressure bypass regulator. Stainless steel
needle valves control the sample flow to each analyzer. See Figure 1 for the flow
schematic.
For the FTIR analyzer, the exhaust gas is brought into the trailer through the same stainless
steel probe and 3-way sample valve, however, it is next directed through a heated sample
line to the FTIR hotbox where the temperature, pressure and flow rate are kept constant by
way of a pressure regulator, temperature controller and needle-valve flow meter until the
sample enters the analyzer. After the sample has passed through the analyzer, it is purged
outside of the trailer. See Figure 1 for the flow schematic.

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Figure 1: Sample System Schematic
Table 3: Available Instrumentation
Parameters Manufacturer Model Detection Principle Range
NOx Thermo Fisher Scientific /
Teledyne 42i / T200H Thermal reduction of NO2 to NO.
Chemiluminescent reaction of NO with O3
Variable to
10,000 ppm
CO Thermo Fisher Scientific /
Teledyne 48i / T300M NDIR with Gas Filter Correlation Variable to
10,000 ppm
VOC / CH2O MAX iRFourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
O2 Servomex 1440 / 4900 Paramagnetic 0 to 25%
Barometric
Pressure Rosemount 3051 20 – 31 “Hg
Wet/Dry
Temperature
Humidity
Vaisala Model HMP 233 -40 °F to 140 °F
0% - 100%

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General Testing Procedure
EPA Reference methods as described in 40CFR60, Appendix A, and ASTM D6348
designations will be followed in the conduct of this testing. Calibration and test
procedures are detailed under their respective sections of this protocol. All emission
species will be measured post-catalyst.
Concentrations of NOx will be determined by the procedure described in 40CFR60,
Appendix A, Method 7E. Concentrations of CO will be determined by the procedure
described in 40CFR60, Appendix A, Method 10. Dilution concentration of exhaust
oxygen will be determined by the procedure described in 40CFR60, Appendix A,
Method 3A. Determination of exhaust effluent flow and mass emission rates will be
determined by the procedure in 40CFR60, Appendix A, Method 19.
Concentrations of VOC and CH2O will be determined using an FTIR following ASTM
D6348 as allowed by 40CFR60 Subpart JJJJ.
As with any field-based laboratory procedures, circumstances or complications may
from time to time require unforeseen adjustments or accommodations which will affect
the data collection process, but not materially affect the quantified data – any changes
so required shall employ best possible engineering judgment to conform as closely to
the letter of the Reference Methods as possible. Additionally, any substantial deviation
from the protocol which might materially affect the quantified outcome of the test shall
be discussed with the prior to completion of any affected test and shall be documented
in the ensuing report.
EPA REFERENCE AND ASTM METHODS
METHOD 1
“Sample and Velocity Traverses for Stationary Sources” The objective of Method 1 is
to determine the selection of sampling ports and traverse points for a representative velocity
measurement. Method 1 entails selecting sampling ports at least two stack diameters
downstream and a half diameter upstream from any flow disturbance. Based on the
upstream and downstream measurements of a flow disturbance, a selection of minimum
traverse points will be selected. Method 1 will be performed on each engine. Diagrams will
be found in the test report APPENDIX.
METHOD 3A
“Determination of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in Emissions from
Stationary Sources (Instrumental Analyzer Procedure)” The objective of Method 3A is
to determine the O2 concentrations from the source. Method 3A entails extraction of a gas
sample from a stationary source and routing the sample through a conditioning system to
an analyzer for the measurement of O2 in percent. Method 3A testing will be performed on
each engine for the determination of O2. The calibration error, system bias and system drift
data will be within the tolerances of the method. The previously mentioned data and the
testing data will be recorded on a DACS. Calibrations and test results will be found in the
test report APPENDIX.

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METHOD 4
“Determination of Moisture Content in Stack Gases” The objective of Method 4 is to
determine the moisture content of stack gas. Section 16.3 of this method allows the use of
an FTIR as an acceptable alternative to determine stack gas moisture.
METHOD 7E
“Determination of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Stationary Sources (Instrumental
Analyzer Procedure)” The objective of Method 7E testing is to determine the NOx
concentration from the source. Method 7E entails extraction of a gas sample from a
stationary source and routing the sample through a conditioning system to an analyzer for
the measurement of NOx (NO and NO2) in ppmvd. Method 7E testing will be performed on
each engine for the determination of NOx. The calibration error, system bias and system
drift data will be within the tolerances of the method. The previously mentioned data and
the testing data will be recorded on a DACS. This data and test results will be found in the
test report APPENDIX along with NOx converter check results and calibration gas
certificates.
METHOD 10
“Determination of Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Stationary Sources
(Instrumental Analyzer Procedure)” The objective of Method 10 is to determine the CO
concentrations from the source. Method 10 entails extraction of a gas sample from a
stationary source and routing the sample through a conditioning system to an analyzer for
the measurement of CO in ppmvd. Method 10 testing will be performed on each engine for
the determination of CO. The calibration error, system bias and system drift data will be
within the tolerances of the method. The previously mentioned data and the testing data
will be recorded on a DACS. Calibrations and test results will be found in the test report
APPENDIX.
METHOD 19
“Determination of Sulfur Dioxide Removal Efficiency and Particulate Matter, Sulfur
Dioxide, and Nitrogen Oxide Emission Rates” The objective of Method 19 testing is to
determine the emissions exhaust flow. Method 19 entails a NOx emission rate determined
by an Oxygen-Based F-Factor on a dry basis. An F-Factor is the ratio of gas volume of the
products of combustion to the heat content of the fuel. Method 19 testing will be performed
on each engine for the determination of NOx emission rates if a calibrated fuel meter is
used. The NOx pollutant concentration, dry F-Factor and percent of dry Oxygen
concentration will be collected and calculated for the method. Test results will be found in
the test report APPENDIX along with the emission rate formulas found in Equation 4 and
Equation 5. 1

1 The same exhaust flow calculation will be used for CO, VOC and Total VOC.

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ASTM D6348
“Determination of Gaseous Compounds by Extractive Direct Interface Fourier
Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy” The objective of ASTM D6348 is to determine
the VOC and CH2O concentrations from the source. ASTM D6348 entails extraction of a
gas sample from a stationary source and routing the sample through a heated system to an
FTIR for measurement. ASTM D6348 testing will be performed on each engine for the
determination of VOC and CH2O in ppmvw. The acetaldehyde/tracer or ethylene/tracer
spike, recovery analysis and minimum detectible concentration for VOC and CH2O will be
within the tolerances of the method. The previously mentioned data and the testing data
will be recorded on FTIR software. Calibrations and test results will be found in the test
report APPENDIX.
INSTRUMENT CHECKS AND CALIBRATIONS
The following instrument checks and calibrations guarantee the integrity of our sampling
system and the accuracy of our data.
EPA PROTOCOL GASES (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.7.1)
Calibration sheets for EPA Protocol 1 calibration gases will be available at the test site and
will be included in the test report APPENDIX.
INTERFERENCE RESPONSE (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.7)
Vendor instrument data concerning interference response in the NOx, CO and O2 analyzers
will be included in the test report APPENDIX.
ANALYZER CALIBRATION ERROR TEST (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.3)
The measurement system will be first prepared for use. Each analyzer will be set to
the correct response and that response will be recorded by the data acquisition system.
A calibration curve will then be established to convert each analyzer’s response to
equivalent gas concentrations as introduced to each analyzer. Then zero, mid and
high calibration gases will be introduced without adjustment to the analyzers and their
responses will be recorded. These linearity checks will be performed daily, and these
responses will be considered acceptable if they are within +/- 2 percent of the span.
This curve will remain unchanged throughout the test. The analyzer calibration checks
(linearity) sheets will be included in the test report APPENDIX.
NO2 TO NO CONVERSION EFFICIENCY (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.4)
An NO2 to NO conversion efficiency test will be performed on each day of testing following
the procedure described in 40CFR60, Appendix A, Method 7E Section 8.2.4.1. The results
of the conversion efficiency test will be included in the test report APPENDIX.

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SAMPLE LINE LEAK CHECK
The sample line is leak checked before and after the test by closing the calibration valve
assembly while the sample pump is operating. Once the maximum vacuum is reached
(approximately 12 - 15 inches of mercury) the valve on the pressure side of the pump is
closed (See Figure 1) thus sealing off the vacuum section of the sampling system. The
leak tests for each unit will be considered acceptable if the vacuum gauge reading drops by
an amount less than 1 inch of mercury over a period of 1 minute. The results of the sample
line leak checks will be included in the test report APPENDIX.
RESPONSE TIME TEST (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.6)
Before sampling begins, it will be determined if the high-level or mid-level calibration gas
best approximates the emissions and the more appropriate gas will be used as the upscale
gas. A response time test will be performed by first introducing the zero gas into the sample
system at the outlet of the probe until all readings are stable. The calibration valve will then
be switched to sample the upscale gas at the outlet of the probe until a stable reading is
obtained, within 95% of the certified value of the upscale gas. The upscale response time
will be recorded. Next, the low-level gas will be introduced in the same manner as the
upscale gas. Once a stable reading is noted, within 5% of the certified value of the upscale
gas, the downscale response time will be recorded.
This process will be completed once per analyzer to determine upscale and downscale
responses. The greater of the upscale or downscale response will be classified as the
response time and all test points will be monitored for a period of time at least twice the
response time. The results of the response time tests will be included in the test report
APPENDIX.
SYSTEM BIAS CHECK (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.5 & M7E.8.5)
Before sampling begins, the upscale gas is determined as mentioned in the Response Time
Test section. The system bias check is conducted once prior to and once following the test
runs of the series and consists of first introducing the NOx analyzer’s upscale gas directly
at the analyzer. The analyzer is allowed to stabilize and the reading noted. The same gas
is introduced at the probe, passing through the entire sample train to the analyzer and the
reading noted. The resulting readings indicate any bias attributed to the sample train. This
process is repeated with the NOX analyzer’s low gas. The bias check is acceptable if the
direct gas reading of the analyzer is within +/- 5% of the complete sample train reading of
the analyzer [per 7E.13.2].
This same procedure is repeated for CO and O2 analyzers. Sample system bias check
forms will be included in the test report APPENDIX.
Bias checks before and after each test run of the series will be used to determine a low and
upscale drift for the NOx, CO and O2 analyzers. The zero and upscale drift for the test run
period is less than +/- 3 percent of the span value for each of the analyzers [per 7E.13.3].
The system bias (drift) checks sheet for each test will be included in the test report
APPENDIX.

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VOC AND CH2O DETERMINATION
VOC and CH2O concentrations will be determined using ASTM D6348. The
instrumentation for this test program is an MAX-iR FTIR analyzer. To determine compliance
with the emission standard, the FTIR will be used to measure the pollutant concentration on
a wet basis then convert the concentration and exhaust flow to a dry basis using the FTIR
moisture determined during the run.

Target Analytes include but are not limited to:

 Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO)2
 Carbon Tetraflouride (CF4)3
 Water (H2O)
 Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
 Ethylene (Ethene) (C2H4)4
 Acetylene (Ethyne) (C2H2)
 Propylene (Propene) (C3H8O2)
 Propane (C3H8)
 Butane (C4H10)
 Formaldehyde (CH2O)

Data Quality Objectives

Accuracy: The accuracy of the measurements will be ensured by performing analyte
spiking, prior to the test series, in which spike recoveries will meet +/- 30% of predicted
value (see ASTM D6348 EQUATIONS section below).
Precision: The precision of the measurements will be ensured by consecutive
Calibration Transfer Standard (CTS) analysis, performed prior to and following the test
series, in which measured values will meet +/- 5% of certified value.
Test Runs: Three test runs, each 60 minutes in duration will be collected

The QA/QC checks outlined below will be performed on the analyzer.

2 Acetaldehyde or ethylene will be used as a surrogate for VOC and CH2O during spike and recoveries.
3 CF4 will be used as a tracer gas for spiking.
4 Ethylene will be utilized as a Calibration Transfer Standard (CTS).

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Pre-test Analysis:

 Minimum Detectable Concentration (MDC) will be determined by
calculating the parameters outlined in Annex A-2 of Method ASTM D6348.
 Instrument noise-limited (MDC#1)
 Analytical algorithm error (MDC#2)
 Analytical algorithm error (MDC#3)
 Response time will be determined as required in Section 11 of Method
ASTM D6348.
 The time required for the residual gases to fall to 5% of their original value
will be determined.
 Analyte spiking will be employed for determining the effectiveness of the
sampling and analytical system for transporting and quantifying the target
analytes. This technique will follow procedures outlined in Annex A-5 of
Method ASTM D6348.
 System performance parameters will be determined following procedures
outlined in Annex A-6 of Method ASTM D6348.
 Noise Equivalent Analysis (NEA)
 Line Position
 Resolution
 Linearity
 A commercially prepared spectral library will be utilized for quantification
of collected sample spectra. As such, the resolution, line position and
apodization function used for the reference spectra will be the same for
field spectral data.

Field Sampling & Analysis

 One pre-test spike recovery analysis will be performed.
 A sample system flow schematic is included in Figure 1.

Post-test Analysis

Following data collection, the following checks will be performed again for verification
against pre-test values:
 NEA
 Line Position
 Resolution
 Additional, a spectral comparison will be performed, for each test run, as
identified in Annex A-8 of Method ASTM D6348

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EMISSIONS TESTING
SAMPLE LOCATION AND SET-UP
A single point probe consisting of 3/8 inch stainless tubing open at one end will be used
to collect the sample. The sampling point in the exhaust stack will be at least eight
stack diameters downstream from any disturbance and at least two stack diameters
upstream from any disturbances as specified in Method 1, 40CFR60, Appendix A. If
these criteria cannot be met, the sample probe will be placed at least two stack
diameters downstream and a half diameter upstream from any flow disturbance
(40CFR60, Appendix A, Mtd 1, 11.1.1) or as needed to ensure a high integrity sample
from each engine’s exhaust.
DETERMINATION OF STRATIFICATION (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.1.2)
A stratification check will be performed on units C-1, C-2 and C-3 using the sample
probe. Three points on a line passing through the centroidal area will be used, spaced
at 16.7%, 50.0% and 83.3% of the measurement line. The sampling time will be at
least twice the system response time at each traverse point.
Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines with Circular Stacks
For exhaust stacks larger than four inches in diameter, a stratification check will be
performed before the first run of each test. In order to ascertain the presence or absence
of stratification on engines with circular stacks, exhaust concentrations of O2 or other
analytes will be measured at three points on a line passing through the centroidal area of
the exhaust duct. The mean concentrations will be used to determine the amount of
stratification. If the concentration at each traverse point differs from the mean concentration
for all traverse points by no more than: (a) ± 5.0% of the mean concentration; or (b) ± 0.3%
difference of mean concentration (whichever is less restrictive), the gas stream will be
considered unstratified and samples will be collected from a single point that most closely
matches the mean. If the 5.0% or 0.3% criterion is not met, but the concentration at each
traverse point differs from the mean concentration for all traverse points by no more than:
(a) ± 10.0% of the mean; or (b) ± 0.5% difference of mean concentration (whichever is less
restrictive), the gas stream will be considered minimally stratified, and samples will be taken
from three points, spaced at 16.7%, 50.0% and 83.3% of the measurement line. If the gas
stream is found to be stratified because the 10.0% or 0.5% criterion for a 3-point test is not
met, twelve traverse points will be utilized for the test, in accordance with Table 1-1 or Table
1-2 of 40CFR60 Appendix A, Method 1.
FUEL GAS ANALYSIS
A fuel gas sample will be taken during the testing. The sample will be analyzed by a
pipeline gas chromatograph. This analysis will give the actual specific gravity and BTU
so that fuel flow and mass emissions can be accurately calculated. The analysis will
be included in the test report APPENDIX.

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COMPLIANCE TEST RUNS
The exhaust gas from the engines will be sampled continuously to determine NOx, CO,
VOC, CH2O and O2 concentrations for three (3) individual sixty (60) minute test runs
@ ≥ 90% of rated (or highest achievable) load. It would be inaccurate to estimate the
anticipated production capacity of the engines prior to the day of testing due to the variability
in daily pipeline conditions.
Other important parameters such as compressor suction and discharge pressures,
engine speed and ambient conditions will be monitored during the test. Catalyst
measurements such as inlet catalyst temperature and the pressure drop across the
catalyst will be obtained during the test if available.
The data acquisition system will scan the analyzers every second during the test run.
The computer will average the outputs every ten seconds and the raw data will be
included in the report. A summary of the data, with each test run averaged will be
given in the test report APPENDIX.
Any emissions limit exceedance will be reported in accordance with permit and
applicable regulatory requirements. If there is an emission limit exceedance, a twenty
(20) minute run will be recorded in as found state. After the twenty minute run,
corrective actions will take place to resolve the issue. If the issue can’t be resolved, the
unit will be shut down and the test will be re-scheduled.
TEST REPORT
The compliance test report will be submitted to the UDEQ within 60 days of test completion.
The ETG will express test results with the same level of precision (values past the decimal
place) as the permit limits are expressed. The test report will follow the general outline of
this test protocol. Data summaries, raw data, calibration sheets, gas analysis, operating
parameters and other relevant information will be contained in the test report APPENDIX.

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Calculations

CONCENTRATION CORRECTION
Emission concentration corrections required in 40CFR60, Appendix A, Method 7E will be
calculated by using the bias check low and upscale values from before and after the test.
The equation is as follows:
𝐶௚௔௦ ൌሺ𝐶̅െ𝐶௢ ሻ 𝐶௠௔
𝐶௠ െ𝐶௢

Equation 1: Bias Correction Calculation

Nomenclature:
𝐶௚௔௦ : Average effluent gas concentration adjusted for bias (ppmvd)
𝐶̅: Average unadjusted gas concentration indicated by data recorder for the test
run (ppmvd)
𝐶௢ : Average of initial & final system calibration bias check responses for the low
calibration gas (ppmv)
𝐶௠ : Average of initial & final system calibration bias check responses for the
upscale calibration gas (ppmv)
𝐶௠௔ : Actual concentration of the upscale calibration gas (ppmv)

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EPA F-FACTOR
A fuel specific Fd factor will be calculated as described in EPA Method 19, “Determination
of Sulfur Dioxide Removal Efficiency and Particulate, Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides
Emission Rates from Electric Utility Steam Generators” for natural gas. Equation 2 will be
used to determine the EPA fuel specific Fd factor.
𝐹ௗ ൌ ሾሺ3.64 ∙ 𝐻௪௧%ሻ ൅ ሺ1.53 ∙ 𝐶௪௧%ሻ ൅ ሺ0.14 ∙ 𝑁ଶ௪௧%ሻ െ ሺ0.46 ∙ 𝑂ଶ௪௧%ሻሿ
𝐺𝐶𝑉
𝜌ி௨௘௟ீ௔௦

Equation 2: EPA Fuel Specific Fd factor
Nomenclature:
𝐹ௗ : Fuel specific F-factor (dscf/MMBTU)
𝐻௪௧%: Hydrogen weight percent
𝐶௪௧%: Carbon weight percent
𝑁ଶ௪௧%: Nitrogen weight percent
𝑂ଶ௪௧%: Oxygen weight percent
𝐺𝐶𝑉: Heating value of the fuel (BTU/dscf)
𝜌ி௨௘௟ீ௔௦ : Density of the fuel gas (lb/scf)
15% OXYGEN CORRECTION
The measured concentration of NOX will be corrected to 15% O2 as set forth in 40CFR60,
Appendix A, Method 7E.
𝑁𝑂௑ ൌ𝑁𝑂௑ ௢௕௦ ൈ ൬ 5.9
20.9 െ %𝑂ଶ
൰
Equation 3: Emissions Corrected to 15% Oxygen
Nomenclature:
𝑁𝑂௑ : Corrected emission concentration (ppmvd) 5
𝑁𝑂௑௢௕௦ : Observed emission concentration (ppmvd)
%𝑂ଶ: Observed O2 concentration (%)

5 The same formula is used for CO and VOC.

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MASS EMISSION CALCULATIONS, METHOD 19
The F-factor Method and guidance from Part 75 will be used to calculate mass emission
rates (lb/hr) and (g/bhp-hr for NOX, CO, CH2O and VOC. Equation 4 and Equation 5 will
be used to determine the mass emission rates.
𝐸௠ ൌ𝐶ௗ ൈ𝐹ௗ ൈ 20.9
ሺ20.9 െ %𝑂ଶ ሻ ൈ𝑄௛ ൈ 𝐺𝐶𝑉
10଺
Equation 4: Mass Emission Rate (lb/hr)
𝐸௠ ൌ𝐶ௗ ൈ𝐹ௗ ൈ 20.9
ሺ20.9 െ %𝑂ଶ ሻ ൈ𝑄௛ ൈ 𝐺𝐶𝑉
10଺ ൈ 453.6
𝐵𝐻𝑃
Equation 5: Mass Emission Rate (g/bhp-hr)
Nomenclature:
𝐸௠ : Pollutant emission rates (lb/hr and g/bhp-hr)
𝐶ௗ : Pollutant concentration (lb/scf)
𝐹ௗ : Fuel specific F-factor for dry Cd measurement (dscf/MMBTU)
%𝑂ଶ: Oxygen concentration in percent, measured on a dry basis
𝑄௛ : Fuel rate from calibrated AGA compliant meter (scfh)
𝐺𝐶𝑉: Heating value of the fuel (BTU/scf)
𝐵𝐻𝑃: Brake horsepower

The conversion factors in Table 4 will be used to correct the pollutant concentration in ppm
to lb/scf:
Table 4: Unit Conversion Factors
To Convert from: To Multiply by:
ppm NOX lb/scf 1.194 x 10
-7
ppm CO lb/scf 7.268 x 10
-8
ppm C3H8 lb/scf 1.1444 x 10
-7
ppm CH2O lb/scf 7.7895 x 10
-8

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ASTM D6348 EQUATIONS
MINIMUM DETECTABLE CONCENTRATION
𝑀𝐷𝐶#1 ൌ 𝑁𝐸𝐴௥௠௦௠
𝑅𝐸𝐹௥௠௦௠ ∗𝐶௥௘௙ ∗𝐿௥௘௙
𝐿௖௘௟௟

Equation 6: Noise Limited Minimum Detectable Concentration #1
Nomenclature:
𝑀𝐷𝐶#1: Noise limited minimum detectable concentration for analyte m (ppm)
𝑁𝐸𝐴: RMS noise for analyte m
𝑅𝐸𝐹: Root mean square absorbance value obtained on the reference spectrum
𝐶௥௘௙ : Concentration used in generating the reference spectra for analyte m (ppm)
𝐿௥௘௙ : Path length used in generating the reference spectra for analyte m (ppm)
𝐿௖௘௟௟ : Path length of the cell used to perform the measurements (m)

𝑀𝐷𝐶#2 ൌ 3 ∗ඩ 1
𝑃෍൫𝐶௔௩௘௠ െ𝐶௣௠ ൯ଶ
௣
௣ୀଵ

Equation 7: Analytical Minimum Detectable Concentration #2
Nomenclature:
𝑀𝐷𝐶#2: Analytical algorithm error minimum detectable concentration for analyte m
(ppm)
𝑃: Number of sample spectra used
𝐶௔௩௘ : Average concentration for analyte m representing the analytical bias (ppm)
𝐶௣ : Concentration results produced by the analytical algorithm for the analyte m
on spectra P of the set (ppm)

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𝑀𝐷𝐶#3 ൌ 𝑅𝐸𝐴௥௠௦௠
𝑅𝐸𝐹௥௠௦௠ ∗𝐶௥௘௙ ∗𝐿௥௘௙
𝐿௖௘௟௟

Equation 8: Analytical Minimum Detectable Concentration #3
Nomenclature:
𝑀𝐷𝐶#3: Analytical algorithm error minimum detectable concentration for analyte m
(ppm)
𝑅𝐸𝐴: Residual equivalent absorbance for analyte m
𝑅𝐸𝐹: Root mean square absorbance value obtained on the reference spectrum
𝐶௥௘௙ : Concentration used in generating the reference spectra for analyte m (ppm)
𝐿௥௘௙ : Path length used in generating the reference spectra for analyte m (ppm)
𝐿௖௘௟௟ : Path length of the cell used to perform the measurements (m)

REFERENCE CELL ABSORPTION PATH LENGTH
𝐿௥ ൌ𝐿௙ ቆ𝑇௥
𝑇௙
ቇ ൬𝑃௙
𝑃௥
൰൬𝐶௙
𝐶௥
൰ ቆ𝐴௥
𝐴௙
ቇ
Equation 9: Reference Cell Path Length
Nomenclature:
𝐿௥ : Reference cell absorption path length (m)
𝐿௙ : Fundamental CTS absorption path length (m)
𝑇௥ : Absolute temperature of reference CTS gas (R)
𝑇௙ : Absolute temperature of fundamental CTS gas (R)
𝑃௥ : Absolute pressure of reference CTS gas (torr)
𝑃௙ : Absolute pressure of fundamental CTS gas (torr)
𝐶௥ : Concentration of reference CTS gas (torr)
𝐶௙ : Concentration of fundamental CTS gas (torr)
൬஺ೝ
஺೑
൰: Ratio of reference CTS absorbance to the fundamental CTS absorbance,
determined by classical least squares

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SAMPLE CELL ABSORPTION PATH LENGTH
𝐿௦ ൌ𝐿௥ ൬𝑇௦
𝑇௥
൰൬𝑃௥
𝑃௦
൰൬𝐶௥
𝐶௦
൰൬𝐴௦
𝐴௥
൰
Equation 10: Sample Cell Path Length
Nomenclature:
𝐿௦ : Sample cell absorption path length (m)
𝐿௥ : Reference CTS absorption path length (m)
𝑇௦ : Absolute temperature of sample CTS gas (R)
𝑇௥ : Absolute temperature of reference CTS gas (R)
𝑃௦ : Absolute pressure of sample CTS gas (torr)
𝑃௥ : Absolute pressure of reference CTS gas (torr)
𝐶௦ : Concentration of sample CTS gas (torr)
𝐶௥ : Concentration of reference CTS gas (torr)
ቀ஺ೞ
஺ೝ
ቁ: Ratio of sample CTS absorbance to the reference CTS absorbance,
determined by classical least squares

ANALYTE SPIKING
𝐷𝐹 ൌ 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟ିௌ௉ூ௄ா
𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟ି஽ூோா஼்

Equation 11: Dilution Factor
Nomenclature:
𝐷𝐹: Dilution factor of the spike gas
𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟ିௌ௉ூ௄ா : Diluted tracer concentration measured in a spiked sample (ppm)
𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑐𝑒𝑟ି஽ூோா஼் : Tracer concentration measured directly in undiluted spike gas (ppm)

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𝐶௘௫௣ ൌ𝑈ௗ௜௟ ൅𝐶𝑆
Equation 12: Expected Spike Concentration
Nomenclature:
𝐶௘௫௣ : Expected spike concentration of the analyte (ppm)
𝑈௔ : Concentration of the analytes in the unspiked samples (ppm)
𝑈ௗ௜௟ : Concentration of analytes in spiked sample effluent accounting for dilution
(ppm); Udil = Ua x (1 - DF)
𝐶௦ : Certified concentration of the calibration standard for the analyte (ppm)
𝐶𝑆 CS = Cs x DF
𝐷𝐹: Dilution factor of the spike gas

𝑅ൌ𝐶௢௕௦
𝐶௘௫௣
ൈ 100
Equation 13: Spike Recovery, Percent
Nomenclature:
𝑅: Percent spike recovery (%)
𝐶௢௕௦ : Observed spike concentration of the analyte (ppm)
𝐶௘௫௣ : Expected spike concentration of the analyte (ppm)

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WET – DRY POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION CORRECTION
𝐶ௗ ൌ 𝐶௠௘௔௦
1െቀ%𝐻ଶ 𝑂
100 ቁ

Equation 14: Moisture Corrected Concentration
Nomenclature:
𝐶ௗ : Corrected pollutant concentration on a dry basis (ppmvd)
𝐶௠௘௔௦ : Measured pollutant concentration on a wet basis (ppmvw)
%𝐻ଶ𝑂: Measured effluent moisture concentration (%)

VOC CALCULATIONS BY RESPONSE FACTORS
𝑉𝑂𝐶 ൌ
ethylene (ethene) 1.9ൈ𝑐12൅
acetylene (ethyne) 2.4ൈ𝑐13൅
propane 3ൈ𝑐14൅
propylene (propene) 2.85 ൈ 𝑐15 ൅
butane 4 ൈ 𝑐16
Equation 15: VOC as Methane by Response Factors6

Nomenclature:
𝑐12 ethylene (ethene) (ppmvw)
𝑐13 acetylene (ethyne) (ppmvw)
𝑐14 propane (ppmvw)
𝑐15 propylene (propene) (ppmvw)
𝑐16 butane (ppmvw)
𝑉𝑂𝐶 𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑒 ൌ 𝑉𝑂𝐶 𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑒𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑛𝑒/3
Equation 16: VOC as Propane
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑉𝑂𝐶 ൌ 𝑉𝑂𝐶 𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑎𝑛𝑒 ൅ 𝐶𝐻ଶ𝑂
Equation 17: Total VOC for Approval Order Permit Limits7

6 Using FID response factors, with ethylene, acetylene, propylene weighted down when below 0 ppm, and straight
readings for propane and butane.
7 Used for lb/hr.