DSHW-2024-008169

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RCRA FACILITY INVESTIGATION. PHASE I WORKPLAI{
VOLI'ME FTVE
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
April 1993
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THIOKOL CORPORATIOT{
RCRA FACILITY INVESTIGATION
VOLUMEFIVE
REFERENCE DOCUMENTS
CONTENTS
I. SOLS STUDY PLAN _ PHOTOGRAPHIC WASTE SITES
II. GEOHYDROLOGIC INVESTIGATION - PHOTOGRAPHrc WASTE
SITES
III. STIPULATION AND CONSENT ORDER CASE Nos. 85UZl62 AND
8606402
IV. M-590E SPILL REPORTS
V. PRELIMINARY ASSESSMENT AND SITE INSPECTION OF
THIOKOL - EPA FIELD INVESTIGATION TEAM (FIT)
8FIEb
3F
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Cr,Cl,
-t-t-r--
PART T
SOILS STUDY PI,AN FOR SPACE OPERATIONS FACTLITIES
(M-39, M-1L4) PHOTOGRAPHIC DEII/ELOPER WASTE DTSCHARGE
STTES
MORTON THTOKOL INCORPORATED
AEROSPACE GROT'P (UTAI{ OPERATIONS)
5 May 1,98 9
r-L
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1.0 TNTRODUCTTON . . . . . . . . . . .
L. L Site History,
and Geology.
Page
r-4
r-4
L.2
]..3
t.4
3.2
3.3
3.4
lilaste Characteristics
Problem Statement. I-10
Transport of Cadmium, Chromium, Silver,
and Lead as Inf luenced by Moisture Flurx.
Behavior of Cadmium, Chromium, Silver and
.I-1,0
2.0
3.0
Lead in Soils. .I-13
1.4.1 Behavior of Cadmium in Soil .I-15
L.4.2 Behavior of Chromium in Soil. .I-16
1.4.3 Behavior of Lead in Soil. .I-15
L.4.4 Behavior of Silver in Soils .I-16
OB.TECTIVE AIiID SCOPE . . I-16
APPROACH .I-18
3.1 Soil Sampling. .I-18
3.1.1 Stattstical Considerations. . I-18
3.L.2 Technigues for Selection of Samplj.ngLocations . I-19
Sampling and Sample Handling .I-22
Samp1e Preparation .I-22
SoiI Analyses. .I-23
3.4.].
3.4.2
3.4.3
Soil Physica L / Ctremical Propert ies .r-25
Metal Characterization. . .f-26
Metal Leaching Potential ThroughSoil Columns. . .l-29
Meta1 Analysis. . .I-313.4.4
r-2
4.0
5.0
TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
3.5 Soil Moisture. . .I-3L
3.5.1 Capacity Model. . .I-31,
3.5.2 Monitoring Soil Moisture. . . .I-31
3.5.3 Mode1 Verification. . .I-31
3.6 Data Reduction and Analysis. . ; . .I-33
3.6.1 Data Compilation. .I-33
3.6.2 Statistical Analyses. . .I-33
REPORTING. .I-33
REFERENCES .I-34
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L.0
1.L
INTRODUCTION
Site History. Waste Characteristics and Geology
Buildings M-39 and M-114 of the Morton Thiokol Aerospace
Group (Utah Operations) Facilj.ties, house X-ray equipmentto determine flaws in propellant casting, and nozzle
components. Between L952 and 1982 x-ray film developerwastes were discharged with wastewaters from thesebuildings. The areas of discharge of these wastesr BS
estimated by Morton Thiokol personnel at sites M-39 and
M-114, are ilLustrated in Figrures'1 and 2, respectively.
The length of the discharge areas at M-39 probably dldnot exceed 150 ft and at site M-114 it did not exceed 100ft. Since L982, the photographic fixer solution has been
recovered and taken to a high-efficiency silver recoverysystem. Presently, no fixer ls discharged from Bulldings
M-39 and M-l14.
Results of silver analyses of the waste streams from M-LL4 and M-3 9 are given in Tab1e 1 .The metalconstituents of concern in the waste disposal sLtes aresilver (A9), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) .Silver, Cd, and Pb rrere apparently released from thephotographic emulsion, and Cr was a component of asolution used to clean photographic-eguipment. The
estimated waste stream volumes are presented in Table 2.
Based on analysi.s of discharge water from. M-39 (Table 3),waters currently discharged from the photographic
processing facilities are not hazardous waste.
The Morton Thiokol facilities are located on quaternary
a1luvial deposits of the late pleistocene Lake Bonneville
and the holocene lacustrine sediments of the Great SaItLake. Underlying these sediments and outcropping on bluespring hills are paleozoic rocks of Permian,
Pennsylvanian, and Mississippian periods (Underground
Resource Management, Inc., 1985) . Vlhile the subsurfacestructure is important for ground water occurrence, thesurfici.al soil hori.zons determine the rate of surfacewater infiltration, permeabilities, and soil sorptiveproperties for metals at each site. Soil seriesidentified by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service atMorton Thiokol's Aerospace Group (Utah Operations)facility are shown in Figrure 3. Generally, well drained'soils occupy the mountain foot slopes and associatedalluvial forms and high lake t,erraces. They arepredominantly silt loams and cobble silt loams withmoderate to steep slopes.Blue Creek drainage ischaracterized by soils which are generally poorlydrained. Soils common to flood plains and low lake
terraces occupy these areas. Table 4 presents compiled
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%
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SCALE:
1 in. = 30 ft.
waste
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Figure 1. Illustration of the discharge area at sit,e M-3 9 .
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E"igure 2. Illustration of the site M-LL4 waste discharge area.
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Tab1e 1 .Silver concentrat,ions in grab samples of
114 photogrraphic processing wast,e stream.
the M-3 9 and M-*
S ITE DATE Ag (ppm)
M-3 9
M-LL4
3/4/82
3 /TL/ 82
3/24/82
3/4/82
3/4/82
L.2
3.5
6.3
860
1511
Table 2. Estimated waste stream volume from sites M-39 and M-L14.
S TTE SOURCE
A},IOUNT
(gallmonth)DISPOSAL PERTOD
M-3 9
M-LLA
Eixer Solution
Process Water
Fixer Solution
Process !{ater
900
90,000
300
30,000
1953 to
1 953 to
L97 6 to
197 6 to
L982
present
L982
Present
Table 3.Met,aIs concentrat,ions
waste stream from M-3 9fixer discharge. *
in the photographic processing
on L2 November 1 985 after ceasing
Cd Ag
METALS CONCENTRATION (ppm)
Pb Cr Na Ca Mg K Fe
0 . 007 0.55 0.047 0.073 77 .8 60 .3 L9.8 L4.6 ltD
ND = Not Detected* laboratory records unavatlable
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physical properties and descriptions of the soils. The
M-39 and M-1L4 sites are located on Hupp soils (map
symbol HpO). This soil series is characterized by verygravelly and cobbly alluvium derj-ved mainly f romIimestone, sandstone, and quartzite (Underground
Resources Management, Inc., 1.985). A detailed discussionof the areasr hydrology and geology nas prepared for
Morton Thiokol by Underground Resource Management (1985).
Figures 4 and 5 are geologists visual logs of the soiland/or bedrock profile from wells drilled at sites M-39
and M-114, respectively. The depth to ground water inthe vicinity of Butlding M-39 was 215 ft on June 26,1988. The depth to ground water in the vicinity ofbuilding M-114 was 158 ft on .Iuly 10, 1988 (Sergent,
Hauskins, and Beckwith EngLneers, 1988).
Problem Statement
The principal concern for Cd, Pb, Cr, and Agcontamination at the sites is their toxicity, mobilit.yand the resulting risk they pose to health and theenvironment. These metals are toxj.c to a broad range oforganisms. The risk associated with any toxic materialis reLated to the probability of exposure, the route ofexposure, and the magnitude of the dose t,hat would be
received upon exposure. The crLtLcal dose depends on thesensitivity of the organlsm of interest. Of course, thegreatest concern is for human health. The mobility ofthe metals in the environment is important because of theincreased exposure potential for mobile met,als. The
contamination of groundwater, via contaminated soils,
enhances the exposure potential and is a maJor concernfor environmental and public health protection.
The chemical form of a metal, coupled with the quantityof water available to leach that metal, wtlI determineits likelihood to migrate from the contaminated soils togroundwater. This study places primary emphasis on thechemical form of each metal as the index of potentialmobility, because metals not in a "Iabile" form will notexhibit movement even with significant moisture flux and
decades of time (Emmerich et 81., 1982).
Transport of Cadmium. Chromium. Sil-ver. and Lead as'Influenced by Moisture Flux
Moisture flux is the driving force for solute transportin soils. Without water movementr no solute movement canoccur even for the most soluble salts. The rate ofsolute movement is a function of the time that the solute
r -10
PROJECT
JOB NO.
Morton Thtokol - Tnc -Log Of
Dr111
Test .Drlll No. M39-81
Rlg Type Soeedstar SSl5II Rot,arv
SERGENT. HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
E88-2039 DATE 6-22-88
Localion
Elevctio
Dalum
SA IPLE TYPE - r -B - Undislurbcd Bloclt Srmplc lg.Al
D - Dirlurbed Bulk Sample -rWB.h
Figure 4. Geologist visual 1og of a well drilled at M-39.
GROUND WATER
OEPTH HOUT DAIE
2L5 |-15-88
SILT, CLAY AI{D GMVEL, some gravel and cobbl
to lOtt, sone clast,s dolomi.Ee, subangular,llght Ean gray
note: gravel f ine t,o medi.um gralned, moder-
at,ely carbonaEg cemenEed f rom 3 t
not,e: clasEs f lne to medi-um, some llmest,one
and dolomite from 6l
mat,rlx very
sErongly
efferveacenL
strongly
ef f ervescent,
caslng t,o L9\'
LIMESTONE, massive, bedded , calcit,e stri.ngers
datk blulsh-gray
not,e . Lzt' hole drllIed E,o lgtt , 8tt hole
be1ow tgt t ; set L2" surface castng to L9\'
moderat,ely
ef f ervescent,
LII'iESTONE, masstve, calclt,e st,rtngers, iron
oxlde stainitrB, crysEalline in part,, medium
gray
SILTY LITTESTONB, iron oxLde scalnlog, llght
nnLsh-qra
SILTT LIMBSTONE, minor oxide staini.DB, lighc
t,an
r-l_1,
PROJECT Dlorton Thlokol. Inc.
JOB NO. E88-2039 DATE 7-6-88
Log 0f Test Drlll No. Mlt4-Bl
Drlll Rig Type -Snee
Spudded 9 7 '8't Blt Eo 10 I : 8" Below
GROUND WATER
OEPIH HOUn OAIE
l5g I Elevalio
LIMESTONE AIID DOIO!{ITE COBBLES, some sllt 'aome sand and coarse gravelr angular to sub-
angular, calclt,e strlngers, Bray
very strongly
effervescent
LIMESTONE Al{D DOLOMITE, some stlt r Bour€ sand
and coarse gravel ' angular to subangular,
crystalllne dolomlEe rhombohedrons visi.ble,
GRAVEL AI.ID DOLOMITE LIMESTONB, iron oxide
stainitrB, dolomiEe rhombohedrons greaEer than
4mm, secondary lime cement,at,lon ' angular t,o
subangular, tan to medlum gray
moderately
ef fervescent
cavLng, losing
aLr pressure in
fractures
very slightly
nolsE, no water
overnlghE
rcderately
effervescenE
LIMESTONE Al{D SILT, int,erbedded, U.mesEone
sllghtly doloniEi.c, lighE Eo medium BraY 'silt - calcareous, llghc tan browt
note : Llmestone crystalline, dolouritic
frou 30 I
sllghtly moist,
strongly
effervescent
rJaf er rat,e
recovery
DOLOITITIC LIMESTONE Al{D SILT, calcareous,
lron oxlde stalnlng, linresEone qryscalline,
medlum dark gray
DOLOI{ITE AI.ID DOLOMITIC LIMBSTONE, lron oxlde
stalni.oB, llght gray and tan
DOLOMITIC LIMESTONE
sparry, medlum Brayr
AI{D DOLOMITE, llmescone
doLonlce - tan
SAAAPI"E TYPE
B - Undirluficd Block Scmplc
D - Dirturbcd Bulk Samplc
SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH:,w:;.
Figure 5. Geologists visual 1og of a well drilled at M-l-14
T-L2
L.4
spends in the solid phase and the soil pore vratervelocity. The water velocity is greatest at saturatj.onand decreases exponentially with decreasing watercontent. At field capacity, which is approximately one-half to one-third of saturated water content, the
movement of water becomes so slow as t,o be imperceptible.For practical purposes it is assumed that moisture
movement ceases at field capacity. Thus, for metals to
move, the precipitation at the site must be sufficient towet the solls to water contents greater than field
capacity to a depth beyond which metals were leached bythe original discharge. The impbrtance of considering
moisture budget in estimating solute mobility is easilydemonstrated. If it is assumed that the soil is coarse
textured with a bulk density of L.4 g cm-3 and that
average annual preclpitatlon is 35 cm lL4 ln), the entire
annual precipitation would wet previously dry soil to a
depth of 2.2 m (7.2 ft). The actual wetting depth may begreater with greater initial moisture content and the
presence of stones and cobbfes.
Behawior of Cadmiurn- Chromium- Silwer. and Lead in Soils
The heavy metal-soil interactj.on is such that when anaccumulation of metals occurs on the soil .surface,
downward transportation does not occur to any great
extent unless the metal retention capacity of the soil isoverloaded. As the concentration of metals exceeds theability of the soLl to retain the metals, the metals will
be transported downward with leaching waters. As the
metals encounter additional retention sites, they will be
removed from the leaching solution. The extent ofvertical contamlnation is intimately related to the soilsolutlon and surface chemistry of the soil matrix downthe soil profile. Mechanisms for ret,entj.on, and hencemobility, vary among the met,als.
In sol,ls, metals can be found in one or more of severalfractions of the soil:
(1) the soil solutioni
(21 adsorbed on exchange sites;(3) specifically adsorbed by the soil solid phase;
(41 precipitated as carbonates, hydroxides, or
phosphatesi(5) held in other secondary minerals; and/or(6) held in primary minerals.
For the situation where metals have been lntroduced intothe environment through the activities of man, metalswill be associated with the first four fractions. Native
r-13
metals may be associated with any
depending on the geologic history of of
the
these fractions
arga.
o
Metals in the agueous phase are subject to movement withsoil water. At the same time, they participate in
chemicaL reactions with the solid phase of soil or othersolution constituents. At neutral and alkaline pH, thesurface of cIays, oxides, and organic matter are
negatively charged. The sum of this charge is termed thecation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil. Metal ions
accumulate at the interface of the negatively chargedsurfaces in response to the electrostatic forces.Introduction of other cations into the system, insufficient concentration, will cause the replacement ofthe original cations, hence the term cation exchangereactl,on. Heavy metals associated with exchange sites
may, depending on the environment, be relatively mobile.
Exchangeable metals are the most significant reserve ofpotentially mobile metals in soil.
enother surface-heavy metal cation interaction is termedspecific adsorption. It is distinguished from the
exchangeable state by having covalent character to thebinding between the metal cation and the surface. Theterm "specific" lmplies variation in the energy of
adsorptJ,on among metal Lons. Spec5.fically adsorbed .heavy
metal cations, such as cadmium, chromium, lead, andsilver, are relatively immobile and unaffected by high
concentrations of principal cations such as calcium,sodium, and magnesium due to large differences in
energies of adsorption.
Precipitates of metals lnclude oxides, hydrous oxides,
carbonates, and phosphates. Metal precipit,ates represent
a relatively stable form of metals in soils due to their
1ow soh:bilities.
When the actual mechanism of metal cat,ion removal fromsoil solution is not known, the general term, sorption is
used (Sposito, 1984).
The removal of heavy metals 'from the soil solution bysorption and precipitation reactions is positively
correlated with soil pH, CEC, organic matter content,clay content, and carbonate and iron oxide content.
.Heavy metals partition between the aqueous phase and thevarious solid phases depending on the physical and
cheml-caI properties of the soil. Once equilibriumconditions have been established, under specific
environment,al conditions, the distribution of metals
between the fractj.ons can be very stable. OnIy an
r -14
L.4.1
extreme perturbation in the environment will alter the
state of the system.
ExtractLon procedures have been developed to removemetals from the varlous solid phases in soil and
sediments (Sposito et ?1., 1984; Hickey and Kittrick,
1984; Tessier et aI., 1919; Grove and EIIis, 1980).
While these procedures cannot identify the actual form ofa given met,al Ln a soil, they are useful in categorizingthe metals within several general geochemicaJ. fractions.
These methods partition metals into various operationallydefined fractions assumed to approximate the chemicalfractions, such as exchangeable, specifically adsorbed,
metaLs associated with carbonates, organic matter, and/or
associated with Lron oxldes. It ls important to realizethat mild extractants such as a salt solutLon, are moreIikely to extract metals that could be released to thesoil solution with input of water than metals associatedwith stronger binding mechanisms, such as speclfically
adsorbed or precipitated metals. Work by Silveira and
Sommers (L977) and Latterell et aI. (1978) suggests thatsalt extractable metal represents the potentially mobileportion of the total concentration of the metal in soil.
fhe alkaline, calcareous, medlum textured surface soilsof the Morton Thiokol contaminated sites have chemical
and physlcal properties that 1nay result in a J.arge hearrymetal tmmobilizatLon capacity (USEPA, 1985). The lowprecJ-pitation lnput at the sites may further limit, themobility of metals in these soils.
BehavLor of Cadmium in Soil
Cadmium may be sorbed by clay minerals, carbonate orhydrous oxides of iron and manganese or may beprecipitated as cadmium carbonate, hydroxide, andphosphate. Evidence suggests that sorption mechanisms
may be the primary source of Cd removaL from the soilsolution except at very high Cd levels (Dudley et EI.,1988). Cadmium concentratlons have been shown to belimited by CdCO3 in neutral and alkaline soils
(Santillan-Medrano and ,Jurinak, 1975) .
The chemistry of Cd Ln the soil environment ls, to agreat extent, controlled by pH. Under acidic conditions
Cd solubiJ.ity lncreases and very litt1e sorption of Cd bysoil colloids, hydrous oxJ.des, and organic matter takesplace. At pH values greater than 6, cadmium is sorbed bythe soLl solid phase or is precipitated, and solutionconcentrations of cadmium are greatly reduced (USEPA,
1985) .
r-15
L.4.2
L.4.3
L .4.4
2.0
Behavior of Chromium in SoiI
The chemical form of chromium applied to sites M-114 and
M-39 was Cr(VI) as dichromate lCr207-21. At the pH and
redox conditions of most soLls, Cr(VI) ls reduced to93(III) (Bartlett and Kimble, L976a and Bartlet,t and
KJ.mbIe, 1976b) .
The trivalent cation of Cr is raptdJ.y precipltated asinsoluble oxy-hydroxides. Precipitation renders Cr(III)practically immobtle. Therefore, -the land application of
chromium wastes can result in an environmental shift froma toxic hexavalent form discharged to a low-impact,trivalent material in a soil system (Overcash and Pal,1981). The critical factor in the fate of Cr(VI) insoils is the existence of the necessary redox and pH
conditions for conversion to Cr(III).
Behavior of Lead in Soil
Soluble lead added to the soLl reacts wlth cIays,phosphates, sulfates, carbonates, hydroxides,sesquioxides and organic matter such that the Pbsolubility is greatly reduced (Overcash and PaI, L981).
Under conditions of high pH, CEC and available
phosphorus, Pb becomes Less soluble and i.s more strongly
adsorbed. At pH values above 6, lead is either adsorbed
on clay particles or forms lead carbonate.
Behavior of Silver in Soils
Silver ls very strongly sorbed by clay and organicmatter. Precipitates of silver (AgCI, ASZSO4r and
Ag2CO3) are highly insoluble. Sllver is highly immobile
in soil environments (USEPA, L985). Analysis of soils
near cloud seeders used for a number of years have shownlevels of 250 ppm (ash basis) in the surface 2 cm withonly 0.8 ppn (ash basis) at 8-10 cm (Overcash and Pal,
1981)
OBJECTTVE AIiID SCOPE
The overall objective of qhe soils study plan, in
compliance with the consent order (case nos. 8502L62,
8506402) of the Utah Solid and Hazardous Waste Committee,is to evaluate whether silver, eadmium- ehromium, andlead are l lke] y to migrrate from the di sehargre areas tothe uPPermost agui fer at each site. The study will
evaluate the present extent of downward migration, within
r-L 6
Al.
the limits of the sampling dept,h, of the metals in
question and evaluate the potentJ.al for future mobilityof these metals in the soil. It will also evaluate soilproperties, including the soLl moisture avaLl-able toIeach the metals, that will affect the mi-grationpotential of these metals. The tasks designed to meet
the objective of the plan are as follows:
Deteraiae, in the top 20 feet of soil (or in soilto bedrock) at bigbly contaminated locationsritbia each gite, the vertical digtribution of,total and calciuu aitrate e=tractable cadmium,lead, chroniun, and silver.
Completion of this task will indicate the present extentof vertical migration of the contaminating metals, andwill indicate what portion of the metal contamination is
soluble and ion exchangeable (i. a. r the calcium nitrateextractable fraction) and, therefore, more mobile andlikely to migrate wlthin the soil.
Determiae, in gelected sanples, tbe fraction ofaoa-calcium-aitrate extractable cadmium, lead,cbromiuu, aad gilver tbat ig aggociated withalkal'iae precipitateg, ia particular, earbonates.
Metals precipitated with carbonates, which are notreadily water soluble or subject to ion exchange, are not
considered mobile in soil. If a large fraction of thetotal metals are associated wlth this alkalineprecipitate f raction, great,er conf idence ls gained
concerning the unlikely mobility of the metals in thesoil.
Deterulne tbe vertLcal distribution of soilpropertieg, that are kaovn to affect metalreteation capacity, gucb as pE, cation excbangecapacity, carbonate, orgaaic matter, and claycontent ia selected sub-gurface samples from eacbsite.
Completion of this task will indicate whether the
underlying soil has suitable physical/chemical propertiesfor metals retention in the event of metals migration
from overlylng soil.
Darnonstrate tbe potential nobility of meta].s incoatamiaated and uncontaninated soils at eaehgite.
Soil column studies will be designed and used as
demonstrations of the leachability of metals in the
contaminated soils and of the potential for metals
3.
4.
r-17
3.0
3.],
3.]..1
contaminated soils and of the potential for metals
retention by underlying uncontaminated soil,
5. Egtiuate tbe noisture available to leacb uetals .
This will be accomplished by a capacity model formoisture content. The capacity model will be used to
estimate the depth of water penetration for a variety ofscenarios, the most important of which will be the one
hundred year storm and one hundred year high annualpreclpitation
APPROACH
Soll SamF'l t ng
Statistlcal Considerations
In most soils, physical and chemical properties are notdistributed homogeneously throughout the volume of thesoil material. The variability of these properties may
range from 1 to more than L00 percent of the mean valuewithin relatively small areas. Chemical. properties,including contaminants, often have the highestvariability (Mason, 1983) .
A first approximation of the total variance ln rironitoringdata can be defined by the following eguation (Bauer,
r.971) :
vr:t+#(1)
where k is the number of samples, n the nurhber of
analyses per sample, k.n is the total number of analyses,
Vg the total variance, Va the anaLlrt,ical varLance, and V"
the sample variance. In general, sampling efforts try to
mLnimlze Vg and thus obtaLn the best avaLlable precisj.on.
Analytical procedures frequent-Iy achieve precisj.on levels(valk'n) of 1 to 10 percent, while soil sampling
variation (Vs) may be greater than 35 percent (TIilding,
1985). Sampling deslgns which will reduce the magnitudeof V" should be employed where possible (Barth and Mason,
1984). Wlthin the budgetary constraLnts of the soilsstudy, the sampling procedures used must, simultaneously,
minlmize V" and provide representatLve information about
the ltkelthood of metals to migrate to groundwater at the
contamlnated sites.
r- 18
3.L.2
3. L .2.L
To accomplish the above goal, the best availablelnformation must be used to focus measurements on thefactors that will most affect metal mobility. Soil withthe highest concentration of total metals is the mostlikeIy to exhibit metals mobility because of increased
mass action of the metal ions and possible saturation ofsorption sites by the high concentrations of metals.Further, a reliable evaluation of the chemical andphysical properties of the underlying soil that effectits ability to retain metals and prevent their migration
must be obtained. The combination of these principles
dictates that the maJority of the studyrs resources be
dedj.cated to examining samples from highly contaminatedareas within each site and to understanding theproperties of the subsurface soil in these areas that may
attenuate metals migratLon.
Techniques for Selection of Sampling Locations
Site M-39
The boundaries of the contaminated area at site M-39 arenot currently well defined. However, because of the
tendency for soil to sorb metals, the area of highest
contamination ls Likely to occur near the waste dLschargepoint and near the surface. In addltion, Morton Thiokol
employees famillar wlth the slte can estimate the "wettedperimeter" of the site with reasonable accuracy (Flgure1). The combination of this information will be use{ to
delineate the sampling areas
To locate areas of high contamLnation at sLte M-39,
exploratoEy, or first stage, systematic sampling of thesurface of the soil will be conducted. The surfacesanpling procedure has been designed to providesystematically selected, representative samples of
contaminated area soil material. A systematic sampling
approach increases coverage of the contaminated area sothat the probability of sampling the more highly
contaminated soils is increased. Sampling will coveressentially all of the site that was wetted by the waste
stream (Figure 1). Approxi-mately 50 soil samples will betaken. Prevj.ous sampling at Morton Thiokol site M-39, toa depth of 2 ft, and at sLte M-114, to a depth of 4 ft,
showed that the highest concent,ratlons of metals were lnthe surface 1 foot. At site M-114, a carbonate
deposition 1ayer, which could be very lmportant in met,alsretention, was noted at a depth of less than 1 foot
(Dudley et aI., 1987). These observations indicate thatlocations of high contaminatlon within the sites can be
found by examining samples of soil wlthln 1 ft of thesurface and, hence, exploratory samples wtll be taken Lft deep.
I-],9
o
Sampling points within the e:<ploratory sampling area will
be located using a rectangular grid overlay of a map ofthe sLte. The starting point of the grid will be
randomly selected using four random numbers from a random
number table. The first two numbers will locate a
speci.fic Arid rectangle on the overlay and the second twowill identify a point wlthin that rectangle. This pointwiII then be flxed on the map and the grid shifted sothat the lower right corner of the grid rectangleoverlies this point. Each point of intersection of thegrid within the sampling area will then be designated asa sampling point (Mason, 1983). Before samples aretaken, these samp1J.ng points will be revLewed wLth the
Utah Department of Health, Bureau of So1id and Hazardous
Waste.
Because of metals sorption by the soil, metalconcentration would be expected to decrease along thepath of the waste stream away f rom the poJ.nt ofdischarge. Concentratj.on gradients ln one or bothdirections in a soil sampling area can reduce theprecision of the results when syst,ematic samplingprocedures are used. Petersen and Calvin (1985) pointout that systematic sampling designs cannot be usedwithout consideration of the concentration dist,ribution
among all possible samples. They recommend that whenIinear trends are present, the freguency of sampli.ng
should be increased in the direction of the strongestgradient. Accordlngly, a rectangrular grid that lncreasesthe sampling frequency in the direction alray from the
discharge point (e. g., Figure 6) will be used to locatethe surface sampling points within the site. fift,y
sampling points will be designated using this procedure.
Disclurge
DOUI'Directionof valD gtramflow ---+
Figure 5. Schematic illustration of a sampling grid with increased
samplj.ng frequency desigrnated in the direction of a soilconstituent concentration.
T-20
Second stage sampling at site M-39 will collect thirt,een
soiL cores to the depth of bedrock (see Figure 4l or to20 ft, which ever ls Iess, at the locations that were
found to have the htghest metals concentration in the 1ft samples. Before cores are taken, these samplingpolnts will be revLewed with the Utah Department, of
Hea1th, Bureau of Solid and Hazardous V[aste. The depthfor sampling, i. €. to bedrock or 20 ft, was selected fortwo reasons: (1) this depth exceeds the maxlmumestimated depth of water penetratLon of 1.2 ft(calculated in section 1.3 above from the estimated total
annual precipitation) and it is unlikely that the metalswil,l be transported beyond thls depth by naturalprecipitation unless soil struct,ural and/or texturalproperties are extraordinarily conducive to water
movement and (21 for economy of drIlIing. The locationsfor the deep cores within the contaminated site will bewithin a I ft radlus of the locations (marked in the
procedure above) that contain the highest concentrationsof total Ag, Cd, Cr, and Pb.
Three soil cores, to bedrock or 20 ft deep, will be
randomly located outside the contaminated area at site M-
39, within the same soil series as the contaminated area,to provide control or background information about,. noncontamLnated soil
3.1.2.2 Site M-114
Because of the narrow width (approximately 10 ft) of the
wastewater course at site M-114r no exploratory samplingwilL be done.
Thirteen (13) soil cores will be taken to the depth of
consolidated bedrock (see FJ.gure 5) or to 20 ft, which
ever is less, along a t,ransect beginning ln the dry well,
which was used as the initial point of discharge at this
sJ,te, and extending along the upstream half of the coursethat was wetted by the wastewater (Ftgure 2). Two coreswill be taken within the dry well and the remaining coreswill be t,aken at approximately 5 ft intervals along the
bottom of the water course. AIl sampling locations will
be reviewed with the Utah Department of Hea1th, Bureau ofSolid and Hazardous Waste before any samples are taken.
Three cores of depth equal to those taken in the
contaminated site wlll be randomJ.y located out,side the
contaminated areas at slte M-114, wlt,hin the same soilseries as the contamLnated areas, to provide control, or
background information about, noncontaninated soil.
T-2L
o
3.2
3.3
A fieLd notebook will be maintained by the field monitorin which sample location wiII be recorded and a boringlog prepared for each core within both the contaminated
and control areas at both sites M-39 and M-114.
Sampling and Samp'le Handl ing
At sLte M-39, the 1 ft, exploratory samples will becollected with a manually driven soil corJ.ng tube orauger. These samples will be individually bagged, intheir entirety, and returned to the J.aboratory for
analysis for total Ag, Cd, Cr, and Pb. The samples willbe prepared as described in section 3.3 prior to
analysis.
The deep core samples from both sites wiLl be collectedusing a machLne driven (or drilled) 3 in split spoonsampler. Samples will be individually bagged by soil
horizon or in 1 ft, increments if the horizons are thickerthan 1 ft. The samples will be returned to the
laboratory and prepared as described below.
Horizons or sample sections will be recombined only ifinsufficient sample is available to perform the neededanalyses. Wtren this is necessary, the horizon designatedfor analysis will be combined with the horizon above-i.t,
except when the overlying horizon is coarse textured (i.
e.t sand or gravel). If the overlying horizon is coarsetextured, the nearest fine textured horizon or layer
above or below the desigrnated horizon will be used.
AII metals analyses wiLl be performed on the same
descrete samples. Samples will not be mixed once theanalytical sequence has begnrn.
Sample Preparation
The general procedure for preparation of soil samples for
chemical analyses is to break up large chunks of soil by
hand and spread the sample out to air dry. Iilhen the
samples are dried, samples sglected for analysis (see
section 3.4 below) will be ground to pass a 2 mm sieve.
Care is taken to avoid grinding rocks. The weights ofthe soil material larger than 2 nm and the material
smaller than 2 mm are recorded. Chemical properties are
determined on the smaller than 2 nm fraction, and theresults are reported on the basis of the total mass ofsoiI, i. €.r the Iess than 2 mm fraction plus the greater
than 2 nm fraction. Soil moisture will be determinedgravimetrlcally; drying the soil to constant weight at
103 oC. All analyses will be reported on a moisture freebasis. These procedures are followed by all soil testing
T-22
3.4
laboratories throughout the United States (e. 9., United
States Salinity Laboratory (USDA, 1969), University ofCalifornia Agricultural Extension Service (1958), and theSoil Conservation ServLce (USDA, 1984) ) for analysis of
chemicaL properties of soil samples. Preparing samplesin this way adds to the comparability of the results.
Samples not lnitially selected for analysis wtIl be
stored wihout sJ.eving.
Soi'l Analyses
After drying, four descrete samples in each deep corewill be sel,ected for analysis of total and Ca (NO3 ) 2extractable Ag, Cd, Ct, and Pb. These samples will be
prepared as described in section 3.3 above. Since it isthe objective of the soil study to determine thepotential for metals mlgration through the soil to
groundwater, samples will be selected for analysis based
on apparent metals retention capacity characteristics (e.
g. t texture and CaCO3 content) . Since it is antJ.cipated
that the metals will have accumulated in the highest
concentrations near the surface of the soil, the surface
sample will be analyzed and three other samples wtll beselected (for a total of four samples) from the core to a
depth of approximately L2 ft. It is anticipated that a
second sample will be withdrawn from an approximately 1ft thick layer within the 2 to 4 ft depth of the core. Athird sample wiII be taken from an approximat,ely 1 ftthick layer within the 4 to I ft depth and the fourth
sample will be taken from an approximately 1 ft t,hicklayer between the 10 and 12 ft depth. If the analysisfor total metal content (see section 3.4.2.1 below) showsthis fourth sample to be contaminated, the deepestavailable sample (1. €.r 7-9-20 ft, or J.mmediately above
bed rock) will also be selected for total metal analysis.
Soil physical and chemical properties will be measured in
three subsurface horizons or soil layers from each of sixof the deep cores taken at both sLtes M-39 and M-114.Both those horizons appearing to have high metalsretention capacity and those with apparently low metalsretention capacity will be included in the analyses.
Following the above analyses, acetic acid-sodium acetate
and EP toxicity extractions will be performed on 15 ofthe samples (30t) at each site.' The samples selected forextraction will be distributed such that at least one
sample from each depth on which total and Ca(NO3)2
extractions are performed will be extracted with theacetic acid solutions. Otherwise, acetic acj-d-sodiumacetate and EP toxlcLty extractions will be done on the
samples exhibiting the greatest total metal content.
l-23
Finally, contaminated soil column J.eaching potential
studies wilL be performed using duplicate columns from 3
samples (six columns total) of soil mat.eriaL from the
more highly contaminated core samples from each site.
The metal retention capacity of uncontaminated subsurfacesoil from three cores will also be evaluated (in
duplicate) as described in sectj.on 3.4.4 beIow.
The numbers of samplesat each of the sit€srlisted in Table 5.
proeedures to be useddetail in Appendix A.
aspects of the project
to be analyzed by each procedure
and their contol locations, are
A1 I norr- st andard ana lyt i ca Ifor this study are described in
Quality control/guality assurance
are described in Appendix B.
Table 5 Numbers of samples to be
M-LL4 | and their control
samples to be analyzed by
collected from
(cont. ) sitesr
each procedure.
sites M-3 9 and
and numbers of
Site
EXPTOR-
ATORY
(total
metals )
;.;--- -,-;-.Tof iffi."I,i;;; ----;;;;
deep Sarples Ca(NO3)2 t EP tox. Phys./Chem. (both
cores per core extract extract properties tlpes)
M-3 9
M-39 Cont.
I.{- 114
s0
I.{-114 Cont . 0
13
13
52
L2
52
L2
16
16
18
18
T-24
3.4.].Soil Physical/Chemical PropertLes
The analysis of soil physical and chemical properties
that influence water movement and metal immobilizati.on is
necessary in any study of the metal immobilizationcapacity of a soif. Soil physical parameters to be
included in this study ares particle size distribution,soil bulk density and a field descriptLon of the soil
cores including texture, structure, discontlnuities i.n
structure, and any abnormalities in soil properties.
The retention of heavy metals in soils has beenpositively corelated with soil pH, CEC, clay content,
organic matter content, and carbonate content. Anal.ysisof these properties will be included in this study. Atpresent the USEPA has not specified approved methods for
some soil analyses to be conducted in the soils study.
The methods lLsted in SW-846 (USEPA, 1986) for soLl
analyses include soil pH (Method 9045), and CEC (Method
908L). Method 9081 for CEC is not appropriate forcalcareous soils. The USEPA (1986) referenced aprocedure from the 1965 edition of Methods of SoilAnalysis. Part 2. Cheml-cal and Biological Properties(Black, 1965). The second edition of Methods of Soil
AnalysJ-s was released ln 1982 (Page, L9821 , wlth a
procedure for measurement of CEC specific for calcareoussoils. It is this revised procedure that will be used inthe study.
For metals with multiple oxidation states, the oxidation-reduction status of the soil is of importance. In thesoiL environment, cadmium, lead, and silver exist in only
one oxidation state and are, therefore, not directlyaffected by the redo:: status of the soil. Chromium,however, exlsts in the soil environment in eithertrivalent (cationic) or hexavalent (anionic) forms.
Thus, the mobility of chromium ls greatly influenced bythe oxidation state of the soil. Because of errorinvolved in measurement of redox status of oxidizedsystems using two platinum electrodes, the redoxpotential will be determined for soils under reducedconditions only. During the field collectj.on of thesoiIs, those soils with sufficient water content and withvisible s j.gns of reduced conditions (gleying ormottllng), as determined by the field soil scientist,will be placed in plastic bottles, and the bottles willbe flushed with nitrogen gas. Upon arrival at thelaboratory, these samples will be vacuum filtered, in aglove box under a nitrogen atmosphere, to remove the soilwater. The soil xrater will be immediately analyzed for
r-25
3.4.2
3.4 .2.L
3 .4.2.2
pH and redox potential as described in SOP 1101-87
(Appendix A). The redox potential ls determined uslng
pJ.atinum electrodes and a pH meter set to read in mV.
Methods for soil analyses will be conducted using
standardized methods employed throughout the U. S. bystate and federally operated soil analysi.s laboratories
and published by the Amerlcan Society of Agronomy or theU. S. Department of AgricuJ.ture. Table 5 lists thephysical/chemicaL measurements to be conducted in thesoils study along with their corresponding methods andthe source of the nethod.
Meta1 Characterization
Tota1 metal content of the soil
In order to evaluate the present magnitude of thevertical metal contamination at the sites, the soils willbe analyzed for total concentrations of cadmium,
chromium, silver, and lead using a nitric acid-hydrogenperoxide digestlon procedure described Ln Sw-845, Method
3050 (USEPA, 1985). This procedure will decompose soilorganic matter and most of the soil mineral phase
releasLng the associated heavy met,als to the solution.
Calcium nitrate extraction
Iilhereas, the nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide digestion formeta] analysis will provide data on the total met,alcontent of the soil, thls method does not provide anyinsight into the chemical fractions of the metals in thesoil. The potentlal migration of metals in the soil
system is dependent on the chemlcal form of the metal.MetaLs in the soil solution usually occur in Iowconcentrations relatLve to the total concentrations.
Heavy met,als sorbed as specifically adsorbed metals tosolid surfaces of the soil, precipitated as carbonate,hydroxides, oxides, and phosphat,es or held in theresidual fraction of the soil have extremely Iowsolubilities and are generally. considened insoluble.
The aqueous fraction, and those fractions in eguilibriumwith this fraction, are of primary importance when
considering the migration .potential of metals associatednith soils. The ion exchangeable fraction is the mostlikely to enter the soil solution in apprecJ.able
concentratLons and become mobile. A calcium nitrat,eextraction procedure will be used to remove metals
associated with exchange sites. The procedure, takenfrom Tessier et aI. (L9791, was developed to remove
metals associated with exchange sites in sediments and
T-26
Tab1e 6. Measurement Methods for Soil Physical/Chemical
PropertJ.es
Parameters ltethod lleasurernent method/ inst rumentat ion
Soil Water Content 2L-2.24
Field Soil lllater 2L-3.34
Content
SoiI pH 9045b
Citcium carbonate LL-2.2c
cont,ent
Soil BuIk density 13-34
Soil particle size 15-54
distribution
gravinetry with oven drying
at 103oC
neut,ron thermalization
1 : 1 soil: water ext,ract /pH
electrode
displacement/AA
manometer
(van S1yke nethod)
excavation method
two point hydroneter
Cation exchange 8-3c
capacity
organic carbon Zg-g.S.zc dLgestJ.on/tLtration
content (Ilalkley-Black procedure)
Redox PotentLal SOP 1105-87 extractLon/electropotentLal
a. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1: Physical and ltineralogical
Properties. Second Edition. A. Klute (ed). Soil Science Society of
ArnerLca, Madison, III (1986) .
b. Test ltethods for Evaluating Solid waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,
SIf-846, Third Edition. U.S. Environnental Protection Agency, Itashingrton DC
( 198 6)
c. ltethods of Soil Analysis, Parf- 2: Cbenical and llicrobl.ological
Properties. Second EdLtion. A.L. Page (ed). Soil Science Socj.ety of
AmerLcar. uadlson, III. (1982) .
r-27
3.4 .2.3
has been adopted, in some cases with minor modifications,for soils (Hickey and Kittrick, L984, Sposito et 31.,1984). This extractant is not, however, entirelyspecific but is operationally defined as the exchangeablefraction. It may also remove soluble organic, and to avarying degree, inorganic metal forms and inorganic
complexes as well as ions orlginating from Lon exchangesites. What is important to consLder, however, is thatmetals extracted by this mild reagent are more likely tobe released to the soll solution with lnputs of waterthan are the metals associated with stronger binding
mechanisms.
The original procedure of Tessier et aI. (1979) used 1 Umagnesium chloride in a 1:8, soil:solution, ratio toextract exchangeable metals.The procedure uses a
contact time between soil and extracting solution of onehour to prevent carbonate dissolution. For the soilsstudy, the procedure, described In det,ail in SOP. T]-02-87(Appendtx A), has been modified to better suit the sollsfound at the Morton Thiokol sites. The modifiedprocedure will use 1 M calcium nit,rate. The cation ischanged from magnesium to calcLum to suppress thesolubility of calcium carbonate making the extractantslightly more specific for the fraction of metalextracted. The nitrate salt of calcium was substit,ut,edfor the chlorLde salt to prevent precipitation of silverion with the extracting solution.
Acetic acld-sodium acetate extraction andthe USEPA EP toxicity test
After ext,raction with Ca (NOg) 2 solution, 30 percent of
the soil samples will be extracted with 1 lL sodiumacet,ate (NaOAc) solutLon adJusted to pH 5 wlth acetLcacid (HOAc). A 1:8 (soil:solution) extraction ratio will
be used. The samples selected for the extraction will bedlstributed such that at least one sample from each depth
on whlch total and Ca(NO3)2 extactLons are performed will
be extracted with NaOAc-HOAc solution. Othenrrise, NaOAc-
HOAc solution extractions w:.ll be done on the sampleexhibiting the greatest total metal content.
The NaOAc-HOAc extraction procedure was used by Tessieret aI. (L979) to estimate the fraction of metals
assocLat,ed with alkaline sa1ts, especially carbonates, insediments. The procedure to be used in the soils study
Ls described ln detall in SoP 1103-87 (Appendix A). Thisacetate solutLon has also been used by Hickey andKittrick (1984) to extract metals associated with
carbonates in soils. Because the Mortqn Thiokol sollsmay contain more carbonates than encountered in the
T-28
o
studies by Tessier et aI. (1.979) and Hickey and Kit,trick,
(L984) it may be necessary to add a small amount ofnitric acid to achieve a slurry pH value in the range 5to 5.5. This range of pH values is required to lnsurethe complete dissolution of carbonate. The final pH
value is kept at or above 5 to minimize dissolution of Fe
and AI oxides and associated speclfically adsorbed
metals.
This procedure is similar to the USEPA EP toxicity test(Sw-845; USEPA, 1986). The EP toxicity test uses ahigher soil to solution ratio (Lz20l, but the ratio
developed by Tessier et al. (L9791 was demonstrated to besufficient for the dissolution of carbonate solids. The
EP toxicity test uses a maximum of 400 mL of 0.5 U acetic
acid which results in a maximum 0.1 U acid concentrationin the extracting solutlon. From previous experiencewith the carbonate rich soils from the Morton Thiokol
area, the maximum amount of acetlc acid is usually addedwlthout the extraction slurry reaching the desired pH 5.
The strong buffering of the L M NaOAc used in the Tessieret al. (L9791 procedure (with the possible addition ofmineral acid) wi]I keep a1l soils, regardless of theiroriginal pH and carbonate content, at approximately the
same flnal pH. This approach will allow the data to becompared between samples and will aid in theinterpretation of the. data, since this priocedure has been
used ln the refereed literature to define a specific
geochemLcal. fraction of metals in soils. The EP toxicity
method, while providing acidity for dissolving part ofthe soil mineral phase, does not have an adequate ionic
strengrth to keep aII metals dissolved from the carbonates
from being redistributed among the remaining solid phasesof the soil, i. e. being readsorbed by the exchangephase. The result would be a reduced extractionefficiency for carbonate bound metals. The presence of 1
M Na ions in the procedure of Tessier et al. (1979)
prevents metals dissolved from carbonat,e precipitates
from being readsorbed by soil exchange sites through mass
action.
For comparative purposes, the USEPA EP toxicity test (Sw-
845, USEPA 1985) will be performed on the same samples
which were subjected to the 1 U Ca (NO3) 2 1 M NaOAc
extraction sequence.
Metal Leaching Potential Through Soil Columns
Soil columns will be used to demonstrate the potentialmobility of metals in contaminated soils and thepotentS.al f or metal retention by underlying
uncontaminated soils. Co1umn studies are commonlyo
3.4.3
T-29
performed as an index of the potential mobility of a
contaminant through the soiL matrix when there is an
lncomplete knowledge of all the factors that determj.nethe fate or persistence of a gi.ven compound. Two typesof column studies will be conducted.
The first type of column study is designed to be a
representation of metal leaching Ln contaminated soils asdriven by lnput from natural precipitation. Soils atsit,es M-39 and M-114 show a rapid decrease in metal
concentration at depths between 2 and 4 feet (Dudley etEI., 1987). Soil samples from a'depth increment r,rith alarge gradient of Ca (NO3 ) 2 extractable metal
concentration will be selected, within soil horizons,
from sample core sections less than 1 ft in length. The
samples will be packed into a 2 foot talI plastic columnin their natural sequence. The column is then leached,
under unsaturated flow conditions, with a solution that
simulates the ionic composition and ionic strength of thesoil solution.It is assumed that the water fromprecipitation will increase in salt content upon
contacting the first soil layer and this "soj-I solution"is the background solution for leaching.
The second type of column study is deslgned as a "worst.case' test of metal retention by uncontaminat'ed soilsunderlying the zone of contaminat ion .with theavailability of a mobile solution phase, 'vi.rtually all
components of soils, including contaminants, are slowlyweathered and leached. This study is a laboratory
demonstration of the retention behavior of the underlyingsoj.l for the input metals at the highest naturallypossible concentratj.on; the maximum concentration ofmetals determLned in the Ca(NO3)2 extract. In this
study, a column of uncontaminated subsurface soil is
Ieached with si.mulated soil sol-ution that has been spikedwith metals in concentratj.ons equal to the maximum
desorbed by the Ca(NO3)2 extraction. The simulated
solution will have principal cation and anionconcentrations that ar€ approximately the same as asaturation paste extract of a composit,e sample of thesoil profile and will be prepared as described in SOP
1104-87 and SOP 1105-87 (Appendix A).
Five pore volumes ofcolumn. In the secondthe potential loading
solution will be added to eachstudy, this amounts to five times
f rom the Ca (NO3 ) 2 ext ract ab Ie
fraction of the overlying soil.
In each study, daily column effluent will be collectedfor cadmium, Iead, silver, and chromium analyses. The
r-30
o
3.4.4
3.5
3.5.L
3.5.2
3.5.3
columns will be divided l-nto at least 10 sections at the
end of the study for determinatLon of total metal (SW-
846t Method 3050, USEPA, 1986) ln each section in orderto evaluate the potential metal mobility.
Metal analysis
AtomLc absorptS.on methods for metals analyses describedin SW-846 (USEPA, 1986) will be used for all metaldeterminations. Method numbers are listed in Table 7.
Soil Moisture
Capacity Model
The soil moisture capacity model wLIl be created frombulk densS.ty and texture determj.nations of the deepcores. It will be assumed that only the particles lessthan 2 mm in diameter hold water at "field capacity".The depth of water stored in any horLzon will then becorrected for reduction in water holding capacity due tothe presence of stones and cobbles. Multiple l j.near
regression equations for estimating field capacity areavailable from the literature (HalI et aJ,., L9771.
Monitoring Soil Moisture
Soil moisture wLll be monLtored using a neutron probe.
The probe will be calLbrated for each soLl horizon whereperiodic sampling for gravimetric moisture determinationwith a soil auger is possible. For depth greater thanfive feet and where the material is too coarse to permj.t
hand augeringr callbration will be limited to gravimetricmoisture determination at the time of soil samplJ,ng.Calibration points w111 be taken from similar horizons atdifferent drilling sites.
A length of two inch aluminum tubing will be insertedinto each of the deep bore hoIes. Probe readings will betaken every other week and 48 hours after any storm eventin which cumulative precipitation exceeds one cm. Probereadings will be taken every 30 cm for the upper 150 cm
and every 60 cm t,hereafter. A rain gauge will be used tomonitor precipitation.
Model Veriflcation
Results of sOil moisture measurements will be compared tocapacity modeL predS.cti.ons for model verif icatlon. Thecritical comparisons wilL be storm events which produce
more than 1 cm cumulatLve moisture. For verification,the model will be initiallzed wLth the soll moistureprofile before a storm event and the total precipitation
r-31
Table 7. Measurement Methods for Metals in SoiL
Parameters Method Mea surement method/ inst, rumentat ion
Extraeti on Droeedures
Total digestion 30504
for metals
EP toxicity
extraction
13104
HNO3-HZOZ/m,
HOAc /aa,
Calcium nitrate SOP 1101-87 Ca(NO3)2 extraction/AA
extraction
Acetic-acid-sodinn SOP 1102-87 CH3COOH-NaCII3COO extraction/AA
acetate extractLon
Column Studies
Contaminated SOP 1103-87 Leaching test/AA
Subsoil Co1umn Study
Subsoil Co1umn Study
Flame and flameless AA
flame AA
flameless AA
flame AA
flaneless AA
flane AA
flameless AA
flame AA
uetal Arralysi s
cadmium
Iead
chromium
silver
70004
71304
71314
7 42Aa
7 42La
71 g0a
71g1a
77 604
a. Test Methods for Evaluating Solid llaster. Physical/Chemical Methods,
Sw-846, Third Edition. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Ilashington DC
(1986).
T-32
3.6
3.6.L
3 .6.2
4.0
will be used as an input. Model predicted moistureprofiles will be compared to profiles determined 48 hoursafter storm events.
Data Reduction and Analysis
Data Compilation
Al1 data collect,ed during the study will be entered into
computer data files using spreadsheet and/or data base
management software on AppIe Macintosh personal
computers. Electronically stored dat,a will be kept inreplicate copies with at least one archive copy that will
be updated dally. Printed copies of the data files willalso be kept. These data will be transferable to other
computer formats (e. g., IBM and Dec VA)().
Statistical Analyses
The mean, range, standard deviation, coefficient ofvariatLon, and the 95 percent confidence j.ntervals will
be calculated for all measurements on samples from eachindividual site.
MultLvariate analysis of variance (I{AI{OVA) procedureswil.l be used to evaluate differences, at each sampJ.ingdepth, between the contaminated area and the controlarea. It is recognized that samples taken with depthwithin each soil core are not truly randomly select,ed,but are repeated measures, and a nested design of theanalysis of variance will be required to properly
determine the significance of differences between
sampling variables (i . e . , contaminated vs . cont,rol and
sample depth).
Computerized statistical comput,ation software packageswill be used for all calculations.
REPORTING
After the first 6 months of the study, a quality
assurance report wiIl be 'produced by Utah StateUniversity and submitted to Morton Thiokol who w5.11, inturn, submit it to the Utah Department of Health, Bureauof Solld and Hazardous Waste. This report will include,information on the performance of the measurement system
and the data gual.ity (Appendix B) .
The final report wiLl present the results from all partsof the study and will contaln all data, data analyses andinterpretation, and recommendatlons for next phase
r-33
5.0
actions. A section of the report will summarj.ze dataquality information.
Morton Thiokol will submit the final report to the Utah
So1td and Hazardous waste Committee.
REEERENCES
Bart1ett, R.J. and J.M. Kimble. 1976a. Behavj.or of
chromium in soils : 1 . trivalent f orms . .I. Environ.
Qua1.5:379-382.
Bartlett, R..I. and J.M. Kimb1e. 1976b. Behavior of
chromium in soilsz 2. hexavalent forms. J.Environ.
Qual. 5:383-386.
Bauer, E. L. 197L. A statistical manual for chemists.
Academic Press, New York, NY.
Black, C.A. (ed). 1965. Methods of soil analysis, partt; physical and mineralogical properties. American
Society of Agronomy, Madison, [[I.
Dudley, L.M., J.E. McLean, R.C. Slms, and J.J. Jurlnak.1988. Sorption of copper and cadmium from the watersoluble fractLon of an acid mine waste by two
calcareous soLls. Sotl ScL. L452207-2L4.
Dud1ey, L.M., J.E. Mclean, and R.C. Sims. L987. Summaryof studies for the distribution and extractability of
cadmium and chromium in soils contaminated by
photographic wastes. Report to Morton Thiokol Inc.
Emmerich, W. 8., L. J. Lund, A. L. Page, and A. C. Chang.L982. Movement of heavy metals in sewage sludge
treated soils. ,I. Environ. Qual. 11:174-178.
Grove, J.H. and B.G. E1lis. 1980. Extractable chromium
as related to soil pH and applied chromium. SoiI Sci.
Am. J. 442238-242.
HaIl, D. G. M., A. J. Reeve, A. J. Thomasson and V. F.Wrtght. 1917. water retention porosity, and densityof fteld soils. Soil Survey Tech. Monograph 9.
Rothamsted E:q>erimental . Statlon, Harpenden, England.
Hickey, M.G. and J.A. Kittrick. L984" Chemicalpartitioning of cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc insoils and sediments containing high levels of heavymetals. .7. Envj.ron. Qual. 13 2372-37 6.
r-34
o
Klute, A. (ed). 1986. Methods of soil analysis, Part L,physical and mineralogical methods. Second edition.
American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
Latterell, J.J., R.H. Dowdy, and w.E. Larson. L978.Correlation of extractabLe met,als and metal uptake of
snap beans grovrn on soil amended with sewage sludge.J. Environ. Oual. 7:435-440.
Mason, B.J. 1983. Preparation of soil sampling protocol:
technigues and strategies. EPA-500/4-83-020. U.S.
Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, titV.
Overcash, M. R., and D. Pal. 1981. Design of land
treatment systems for industrial wastes -- theory andpractice. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann
Arbor, MI.
Page, A.L. (ed). L982. Methods of soil analysis, part2z chemical and microbiological properties. Secondedition. American Society of Agronomy, Mad5.son, wf.
Peterson, R.G., and L.D. CalvLn. 1985. Sampling. p.
33-51 In A. Klute (ed. ) Methods of soil analysis,part Lt physical and mineralogical properties. Secondedition. Amerlcan Society of .Agronomy, Madison, wI.
Santlllian-Medrano, J., and J. J. Jurinak. 1g75. The
chemistry of lead and cadmium in soil: solid phaseformation. Soil Scl. Soc. Am. J., 39:851- 856.
Sergent, Hauskins, and Beckwith Engineers. 1988. Reportfor: geohydrologic investigation, photographic wastesites, Morton, Thiokol, Inc., Box Elder County, Utah.Sergent, Hauskins, and Beckwith, Consulting
Geotechnical Engineers, Salt Lake City, UT.
Silvj.era, D.\r. and L.E. Sommers. L977. Extractabilltyof copper, zinc, cadmium, and lead in soils incubatedwith sewage sludge. J. Environ. Qual. 6t47-52.
Sposito, G. L984. The surface chemistry of soils.
Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
Sposito, G., C.S. LeVesque, J.P. LeClaire, and N. Senesi., 1984. Methodologies to predict the mobility andavailability of hazardous metals in sludge amendedsoils. California $Iater Resource Center, Contribution
No. 189. Unj.versity of California, Berkeley, CA.
Tessier, A., P. G. C. Campbell, and M. Bisson. 1919.
Seguential extraction procedure for the speciation ofparticulate trace metals. Anal. Chem. 51:844-850.
r-35
o
Underground Resource Management, Inc. L985. RCRA
compliance plan prepared for Morton Thiokol, Inc.
U. S. Department of Agriculture. 1984. Procedure forcollecting soil samples and methods of analysis forsoil survey. SolI survey invest,igation report No. 1.U. S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation
Service, Washingrton, DC.
U. S. Department of Agriculture. 1969. Diagnosis and
improvement of saline and a1kali soils. Agriculture
Handbook No. 60. U. S. Gov. Printing Office,
Washingrton, DC.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. L985. Review ofin-place treatment techniques for contaminated surfacesoils. EPA-S40 /SZ-84-003. U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Hazardous $Iaste Engineering
Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. L985. Test
methods for evaluating solid waste: physical/chemicalmethods. Third Edition. Sw-846. Office of Solid
Waste and Emergency Response, U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washingrt,on, DC.
_
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1983. Hazardouswaste land treatment. Sw-874. U.S. Envlronmental.
Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, Washington, DC.
University of California Agricultural Extension Servlce.1968. Method of soil analysis. U. C. Agricultural
Extension Service. University of California, Davis,
ce,.
Wilding, L. P. L985.Spatial variability: its
documentation, accommodation and implicat,ion to soilsurveys. p. 165-187 IJx D. R. Nielsen and J. Bouma(ed). Soil spatial variability. PUDOC, Wagening€Dr
Netherlands.
r-36
o
o
o
II
E
=&gD
.D
t'
o PART II
SOILS STUDY PLAN FOR ArR FORCE PLAI{T 78 (M-508 and M-535)
PHOTOGRAPHIC DEVELOPER WASTE DISCHARGE STTES
MORTON THIOKOL INCORPORATED
AEROSPACE GROUP (UTAII OPERATIONS)
5 May 1989
rr-1
TABLE OE CONTENTS
Page
INTRODUCTION . II-4
1.1 SLte llistory, $Iaste CharacterLstlcs
and Geology.I I-4
L.0
2.0
3.0
L.2
L.3
L.4
Problem Statement. II-9
Transport of Cadmium, Chromium, Silver,
and Lead as Influenced by Moisture FIux.
Behavior of Cadmium, Chromium, Silver and
rr-10
II-20
TT-24
TT-24
rr-25
TT-27
TT-28
Lead in SoiLs. II-10
L.4.L Behavior of Cadmium in Soil II-1,5
L.4.2 Behavior of Chromium in Soil. II-17
1.4.3 Behavlor of Lead ln So11. II-17
L.4.4 Behavior of Silver in Soils II-1?
OB.IECTI\TE A}iID SCOPE. II-18
APPROACH II-19
3.1' Soil Samp1ing. II-19
3.1.1 Statistical Considerations. II-19
3.1.2 Technigues for Selection of Sampling
tocations
3.2 Sampling and Sample Handling
3.3 Samp1e Preparation
3.4 Soil Analyses.
3.4.1_
3.4.2
3.4.3
SoilPhysical/ChemicalProperties. ...
Metal Character Lzat ion .
Metal Leaching Potential Through
Soil Co1umns. . II-31
3.4.4 Metal Analysis. . II-33
TT-2
---L}.d.ii.rr-*r- .:. a-..'.--jr.-.Elti4rllr.-.-iarrir!{br*15*-L--a..-'ajlr.5,.eiti..r|}.drlr-k- -
3.5
3.5
REPORTING.
REFERENCES
Soil
3.5.1
3.5.2
3.5.3
Data
3.6.].
3.5.2
TABLE OE CONTENTS (Continued)
MOiStUrg. . . . . . . . . ,r . o o . . o . o
CapacityModel. . . o o . . . . o o . . .
Monitoring Soil Moisture.
Model Verification.
Reduction and Analysis .
DataCompilation. . o . o o . . . . . . .
Statistical Analyses. . . . o . o . . . .
r r-33
I I.33
I I-33
rr-35
rr-35
II-35
rr-35
II-354.0
5.0 . rr_36
II-3
L.0
]_.].
INTRODUCTION
Site History, Waste Characteristics and Geologv
Buildings M-508 and M-635 are located within the AirForce P1ant 78 area of the Morton Thiokol, Aerospace
Group (Utah Operations) facility. These buildings house
X-ray eguipment to determine flaws in propellant casting
and nozzle components. Between L962 and 1982 X-ray film
developer wastes were dJ,scharged with wast,ewaters fromthese buildings.The wastewater from M-508 was
discharged into a subsurface drain field (Figure 1).
Wastewater from M-636 was discharged into shallow ditches(Eigure 21. The M-508 and M-536 discharge sitespresently do not receive any wastewater discharges.
It is assumed that the characteristics of the waste
streams disposed of in the vici.nity of M-508 and M-635
were similar to those discharged at sites M-39 and M-1,14at Morton Thiokol's space operations facilities where X-ray inspections of products are also conducted. Resultsof silver analyses of the waste streams from M-1.14 and M-39 are given in Table L. The metal constituents of
concern in the waste disposal sites are silver (ag),
cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), and lead (Pb) . Silver, Cd,
and Pb were apparently released from the photographic
emulsion and Cr was a component of a solution used to
clean photographic equipment. The estimated waste .stream
volumes are presented in Table 2. Currently, there are
discharges from M-508 and M-535 but, based on analysis of
discharge water from M-39 (Table 3), these waters are not
hazardous waste and are diverted away from the disposal
areas which are under consideration in the present plan.
Previous investigations at M-635 have found that Ag is
confined to the upper five feet of the soil profile. Thetotal silver concentration in these contaminated soils
!ilas as high as 25 percent, but the soil did not fail EPToxicity Tests for Ag (Table 4).
The Morton Thiokol facilities, including Air Force Plant78, are located on quaternary alluvial deposits of thelate pleistocene Lake Bonneville and the holocenelacustrine sediments of the Great SaIt Lake. Underlying
these sediments and outcropping on blue spring hills arepaleozoic rocks of Permian, Pennsylvanian, andMississippian periods (Underground Resource Management,Inc., 1985) . While the subsurface structure is importantfor ground water occurrence, the surficial soil horizonsdetermine the rate of surface water infiltration,permeabilities, and soil sorptive properties for metalsat each site. Soil series identified by the U.S. Soil
Conservation Service at Morton Thiokol's Aerospace Group
r r-4
SCALE:
1 in. = 60 ft.
-r- --1
---I---:-:]DRA'N FIB,O t, ,uD .E
-S-
r
, - -*-l -rgJ-1-___l
/r-+,J
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+
i{ONUMENT
Figure 1. Illustration of the M-508 drainfields.
II-5
,$'
Ln
r\.^,
\
/
rJ
SCALE:
1in. = 50 ft.
Figure 2. hlaste drainage area at M-635.
L-
II-6
Table 1. Silver concentrations in grab samples of the M-39 and M-
1L4 photographic processing waste stream.*
S TTE DATE (ppm)
M-3 9
M-LLA
3/4/82
3/LL/82
3/24/82
3/4/82
3/4/82
L.2
3.6
5.3
860
1511
Table 2. Estimated waste stream volume from sites M-39 and M-114.
S ITE SOURCE
AI{OUNT
(ga\lmonth)DISPOSAL PERIOD
M-3 9
M-LTA
Fixer Solution
Process tr{ater
fixer Solution
Process Water
900
90,000
300
30,000
1963 to
1963 to
L91 6 to
L91 6 to
L982
present,
L982
P resent
Table 3.MetaIs concentrations
waste stream from M-39fixer discharge. '*
in the photographic processing
on LZ November 1 985 after ceasing
Cd Ag
},IETAIS CONCENTRATION (ppm)
Pb Cr Na Ca Mg K Fe
0.007 0.55 0.047 0.073 77 .g
TT-7
50 .3 1,9.8 L4.6 DID
ND = Not Detected
,B laboratory records unavailable
Tab1e 4 .Tota1 and EP toxicity extract
cadmium and lead at site M-535.
concentrations of silver,*
S arnp le
Descript,ion
S i lver
EP
Total t,ox
(ppm) (ppm)
Cadmium
EP
Toca} t,ox
(ppm) (pPm)
Lead
EP
Total tox
(ppm) (ppm)Date
Control
On Site
On Site
On Site
On Site
On Site
On Site
2/24/84
2/24/84
2/14/ 83
2/L4/83
2/L4/ 83
3/24/83
3/24/83
L.3
1899
NA
NA
NA
255, 0 00
254, 0 00
0.006
0.05
2 .48
0 .44
0.30
0.1
0.4
1.0
L2 .8
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.007
0.0L
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
14 .3
L5.0
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
0.07
0 .02
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA = Not Analyzed
* laboratory reeords unavallable
II-B
t.2
(Utah Operations) facllity are shown in Figure 3.
Generally, well drained soils occupy the mountain footslopes and associated a1luvial forms and high laketerraces. They are predominantly silt loams and cobblesilt loams with moderate to steep slopes. Blue Creek
drainage is characterized by soils which are generallypoorly drained. Soils conmon to flood plains and lowlake terraces occupy these areas. Table 5 presents
compiled physical properties and descriptions of thesoils (Underground Resources Management, Inc., L985) .
Figures 4 and 5 are geologists visual logs of the soil
and/or bedrock profile from wells drilled at sites M-508
and M-636, respectively. The depth to ground water inthe vicinit,y of building M-508 was L46 ft on June 26,L988. The depth to ground water in the vicinity ofBuilding M-635 was 76 ft on July 15, 1988 (Sergent,
Hauskins, and Beckwith Engineers, 1988). A detaileddiscussion of t,he areas I hydrology and geology rilasprepared for Morton Thiokol by Underground Resource
Management (1985).
Problem Statement
The principal concern for Cd, Pb, Cr, and Ag
contamination at the sLtes is their toxicity, "nobility
and the resulting risk they pose to health and the'environment. These metals are toxic to a broad range oforganisms. The risk associated with any toxic materialis related to the probability of exposure, the route of
exposure, and the magnitude of the dose that would be
received upon exposure. The critical dose depends on thesensitivity of the organism of interest. Of course, thegreatest concern is for human health. The mobility ofthe metals in the environment is important because of theincreased exposure potential for mobile metals. The
contamination of groundwater, via contaminat,ed soils,
enhances the exposure potential and is a major concernfor environmental and public health protection.
The chemical form of a metalr. coupled with the quantityof water availabLe to leach that metal, will determineits likelihood to migrate from the contaminated soils togroundwater. This study places primary emphasis on the
chemical form of each metal as the index of potentialmobility, because metals not in a "labiIe" form will notexhibit movement even with significant moisture flux and
decades of time (Enunerich et a1., L9821.
II-9
L.3 Transport of Cadmium. Chromium- Silver, and Lead as
Influenced by Moisture Flux
Moisture flux is the drLving force for solute transportin soils. Without water movement no solute movement canoccur even for the most soluble salts. The rate of
solute movement is a function of the ti.me that the solute
spends in the solid phase and the soil pore watervelocity. the water velocity is greatest at saturationand decreases exponentially with decreasing watercontent. At field capacity, which is approximately one-half to one-third of saturated water content, the
movement of water becomes so slow as t,o be imperceptible.For practical purposes, it is assumed that moisture
movement ceases at field capacity. Thus, for metals to
move, the precipitation at the site must be sufficient towet the soils to water contents greater than fieldcapacity to a depth beyond which metals were leached bythe original discharge. The importance of considering
moisture budget in estimating solute mobility is easilydemonstrated. If it is assumed that the soil is coarse
textured with a bulk density of L.4 g cm-3 and t,hat
average annual precipitation is 35 cm (14 in), the entire
annua] precipitation would wet previously dry soil to a
depth of 2.2 m 17.2 ft). The actual wetting depth may begreat,er with greater initial moisture content and the
presence of stones and cobbles.
L.4 Behavlor of Cadmiumr Chromiumr Silver. and Lead in Soils
The heavy metal-soil interaction is such that when anaccumulation of metals occurs on the soil surface,
downward transportation does not occur to any great
extent unless the metal retention capacity of the soil isoverloaded. As the concentration of metals exceeds theability of the soil to retain the metals, the metals willbe transported downward with leaching waters. As the
metals encounter additional retention sites, they will be
removed from the leaching solution. The extent ofvertical contamination is intimately related to the soilsolution and surface chemistry of the soil matrix downthe soil profile. Mechanisms for retention, and hencemobility, vary among the metals.
In soils, metals can be found in one or more of several,fractions of the soil:
(1) the soil solution;
(21 adsorbed on exchange sites;(3) specifically adsorbed by the soil solid phase;
(4) preclpitated as carbonates, hydroxides, or
phosphates;
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PROJECT
JOB NO.
tlort,on Thiokol . Inc,Log Of Test Drlll No. M508-BI
Drlll Rlg Type Bucyrus Erle Cable ToolE88-2039 DATE 6-26-88
,
GROUND WATER
OCPIH HOUn DAIE
l&rif
Localion
Elcvati
Dtlum
SILT Al{D GLAY, some organics r carbonat,e,
yellowlsh-broun
very strongly
effervescent
GRAVEL, interbedded sllt, clay and sand' fine
to medium r quarE zite clast,s , red , green , br
carbonate dark gray
SILT AI.ID CLAY, some gravel and sand ' dolomit,e
quart,zlEe and llmest,one clasE,s, very f ine,
( 3rnm t,o 3cnr) r Bray%
SILTY CI*AY r Born€ very f lne gravel less than
1 cut r and sand clast,s angular t,o subangular ,
llmesEone great,er chac 707., quartzlt,e oxtdtz
€d, orange bronn, brownlsh-green and reddish-
browrt
note.: llght greenlsh-gray f rom 25l
GMVEL AtlD CLAY, some sllu and sand clast,s,
flne to medium and limest,one quartzlte and
siltstone, carbonat,e, clay - pale green
note: no gravel from 47 | Eo 49'
SA ,lPl,E TYPE - r -B - Undislurbcd Elock Somplc llffiJ
O - Oirturbcd Bulk Scmph 'rl74P,l,
SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECIffiITH
Geologists visual 1og of a well drilled at M-508Figure 4
II-13
PROJECT
JOB NO.
llorton Th i okol - Tne -Log Of
DrLll
Test Dr1ll No. M636-Bl
RleTvp@888-2039 DATE 7-10-88
GROUND WATER
DE?I'{HOUR DAIE
761 7-15-8[
SAAAPTE TYPE
B - UndisturbGd Block Scmplc
D - Oirlurbcd Bulk Scmplc
SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
Localion
Elevatio
Dalum
rrm:^
Eigure 5. Geologists visual 1og of a well drilled at M-535.
SILT AlfD COBBLES, Bome sand ' clasts QusEt-
zLEe, angular micaceous, lron oxlde st,alntng
slIt - medlum brown
no efferveacence
SANDY SILT ' some gravel r )ellowish-brown
quart, zLte clast,s angular Eo subangular
mtcaceous , iron oxide sEainioB, fine Eo
medium approxlmaEely 318" size, silr Ean
note: less sand, gravel fine Eo coarse from
14 I to L7'
note: less sand from zlt Eo 29'
rr-L4
o
(5) held in other secondary minerals; and/or(6) held in primary minerals.
For the situation where metals have been introduced intothe environment through the activities of man, metalswill be associated with the first four fractions. Nativemetals may be associated with any of these fractions
depending on the geologic history of the area.
Meta1s in the aqueous phase are subject to movement withsoil water. At the same tj.me, they participate in
chemLcal reactions with the solid'phase of soil or othersolution constituents. At neutral and alkaline pH, thesurface of clays, oxj.des, and organic matter arenegatively charged. The sum of this charge is termed thecation exchange capacity (CEC) of the soil. Metal ions
accumulate at the interface of the negatively chargedsurfaces in response to the electrostatic forces.Introduction of other cations into the system, insufficient concentration, will cause the replacement, ofthe original cations, hence the term cation exchangereaction. Heavy metals associated with exchange sites
R?y, depending on the environment, be relatively mobile.
Exchangeable metals are the most significant reserve ofpotenti.ally mobile metals in soil
Another surface-heavy metal cation interaction is termedspecific adsorption. It is distinguished from the
exchangeable state by having covalent character to thebinding between the metal cation and the surface. Theterm "specific" implies variation in the energy of
adsorption among metal ions. Specifically adsorbed heavymetal cations, such as cadmiumr' chromium, lead, andsilver, are relatively immobile and unaffected by high
concentrations of principal cations such as calcium,sodium, and magnesium due to large differences in
energies of adsorption.
Precipitates of metals incLude oxides, hydrous oxides,
carbonates, and phosphates. .Metal precipitat,es representa relatively stable form of metals in soils due to'their
1ow solubilities.
When the actual mechanism of metal cation removal fromsoil solution is not known, the general'term, sorpti.on is
used (Sposito, 1984).
The removal of heavy metals from the soil solution bysorption and precipitation reactions is positively
correlated wlth soil pH, CEC, organic matter content,clay content, and carbonate and iron oxide content.
Heavy metals partition between the aqueous phase and the
II-15
t.4 .t
various solid phases depending on the physical and
chemj-ca1 properties of the soil. Once equilibrium
condit j.ons have been established, under speci f icenvironmental conditions, the distribution of metals
between the fractions can be very stable. Only an
extreme perturbation in the environment will alter thestate of the system.
Extraction procedures have been developed to removemetals from the various solid phases in soil andsediments (Sposito et dl., 1.984; Hickey and Kittrick,1984; Tessier et 41., 1979; Grove and E11is, 1980).
While these procedures cannot identify the actual form ofa given metal Ln a soil, they are useful in categorizingthe metals within several general geochemical fractions.
These methods partition metals into various operationallydefined fractions assumed to approximate the chemicalfractions, such as exchangeable, specifically adsorbed,metals associated with carbonates, organic matter, and/orassociated wit,h iron oxides. It is important to realizethat mild extractants such as a salt solution, are morelikeIy to extract metals that could be released to thesoil solution with input of water than metals assocj.atedwith stronger binding mechanisms, such as specifically
adsorbed or precipitated metals. hlork by Silveira and
Sommers (1977) and Latterell et al. (1978) suggests thatsalt extractable metal represents the potentLally mobileportion of the total concentration of the metal in soil.
The alka1ine, calcareous, medium textured surface soilsof the Morton Thiokol contaminated sites have chemical
and physical properties that may result in a large heavymetal immobilization capacity (USEPA, 1985). The lowprecipitation input at the sites may further limit themobility of metals in these soils.
Behavior of Cadmium in SoiI
CadmLum may be sorbed by clay minerals, carbonate orhydrous oxides of Lron and manganese or may beprecipitated as cadmium carbonate, hydroxide, andphosphate. Evidence suggests that sorption mechanisms
may be the primary source of Cd removal from the soilsolution except at very high Cd leve1s (Dud1ey et al.,1988). Cadmium concentrations have been shown to belimited by CdCO3 in neutra] and alkaline soils
(Santillan-Medrano and Jurinak, 1975) .
The chemistry of Cd j.n the soil environment is, to agreat extent, controlled by pH. Under acidic conditions
Cd solubility increases and very little sorption of Cd bysoil colLoids, hydrous oxides, and organic matter takes
II-16
L.4.2
L.4.3
t.4.4
place. At pH values greater than 6, cadmium is sorbed bythe soil solid phase or is precipitated, and solution
concentrations of cadmium are greatly reduced (USEPA,
L985)
Behavior of Chromium in Soil
The chemical form of chromiun applied to sites M-508 and
M-536 was Cr(VI) as dichromat,e (Cr2O1-27. At the pH and
redox conditions of most soils, Cr(VI) is reduced toCr(III) (Bartlett and Kimble, 1976a and Bartlett and
Kimble, 1976b).
The trivalent cation of Cr is rapidly precipitated asinsoluble oxy-hydroxides. Precipitation renders Cr(III)practically immobile. Therefore, the land application of
chromium wastes can result in an environmental- shift, froma toxic hexavaLent form discharged to a low-impacttrivalent material in a soil system (Overcash and Pal,1981). The critical factor in the fate of Cr(VI) insoils is the existence of the necessary redox and pH
conditions for conversion to Cr(III).
Behavior of Lead in SoiL
Soluble lead added to the soiL reacts with cIays,phosphates, sul f ates, carbonates, hydrox j-des,
sesquioxides and organic matter such that the Pbsolubility is greatly reduced (Overcash and Pal, 1.981).
Under conditions of high pH, CEC and available
phosphorus, Pb becomes less soluble and is more stronglyadsorbed. At pH values above 5, lead is either adsorbed
on clay particles or forms lead carbonate.
Behavior of Silver in Soils
Silver is very strongly sorbed by clay and organicmatter. Precipitates of silver (AgCl, Ag2SO4, and
Ag2CO3) are highly insoluble. Silver is highly immobile
in soil environments (USEPA,'L985). Analysis of soils
near cloud seeders used for a number of years have shownlevels of 250 ppm (ash basis) in the surface 2 cm withonly 0.8 ppm (ash basls) at 8-10 cm (Overcash and Pal,,1981).
II-17
2.0 OBJECTIVE ATiID SCOPE
The overaLl obJective of the soils study p1an, in
compliance with the consent order (case nos. 8502162,
8606402) of the Utah Solid and Hazardous Waste Committee,
iS tO evaluate whether silverr.eadmium. ehromium. and
lead are 'like'ly to migrate from the diseharge areas tothe uppermost aguifer at each site. The study wilL
evaluate the present extent of downward migration, withinthe limits of the sampling depth, of the metals inquestion and evaLuate the potential for future mobilit,yof these metals in the soil. It wiII also evaluate soilproperties, including the soil moisture available toleach the metals, that wiIl affect the migrationpotential of these metals. The tasks designed to meetthe objective of the plan are as follows:
Detenuina, in tbe top 20 feet of soil (or in soilto bedrock) at bigbly contaminated locationsritbia eacb site, the vertical distribution oftotal and calcium nitrate extractable cadmium,lead, chromium, and silver.
Completion of this task will indicate the extent ofvertlcal migration of the contaminating metals and willindicate what port,ion of the metal contamination is
solubLe and ion exchangeable (i. €.r the calcium nitrateextractable fraction) and, therefore, more mobile andIikely to migrate within the soil.
Deteraaine, ia selected samples , tbe f raction ofnoo-calcium-nitrate extractable cadmium, . lead,chrouium, and silver tbat is asgociated rithalkaline preeipitates, in particular, carbonates.
Metals precipitated with carbonates, which are notreadily water soluble or subject to ion exchangre, are not
considered mobile in soil. If a large fraction of thetotal metals are associated with this alkalineprecipitate fraction, greater confidence is gained
concerning the unlikely mobiJ-ity of the metals in the
soi1.
Deterniae the vertical digtribution of soilpropertieg, tbat arc knora to affect metalreteation capacity, sucb as pE, CEC, carbonate,organic matter, and clay coatent ia eelected sub-gurface saaples frou each site.
Completion of this task will indicate whether the
underlying soil has suitable physical/chemical propertiesfor metals retention in the event of metals migration
AZ.
3.
rr-L8
3.0
3.].
3.]..].
for metals retention in the event of metals migration
from overlying soil.
4. Demonstrate tbe potential nobility of metalg incontamiaated and uncontamiaated aoilg at eacbsite.
Soil column studies wiIl be designed and used as
demonstrations of the leachability of metals in thecontaminated soils and of the potent. j.aI for metalsretention by underlying uncontaminated soil.
5. Estimate tbe moisture available to leacb uetals .
This wiIl be accomplished by a capacity nodel formoisture content. The capacity model will be used to
estlmate the depth of water penetration for a variety of
scenarios, the most important of which will be the one
hundred year storm and one hundred year high annualprecipitation.
APPROACH
Soil Samoll-no
St,atlsticaL Cbnsiderations
In most soils, physical and chemical properties are notdistrlbuted homogeneously throughout the volume of thesoil materl,al. The variability of these properties may
range from 1 to more than 100 percent of the mean valuewithin relatively small areas. Chemical properties,including contaminants, often have the highestvariability (Mason, 1983).
A first approximation of the total variance in monitoring
data can be defined by the following equation (Bauer,
1971) :
(1)
where k is the number of samples, n the number of
analyses per sample, k.n is the total number of analyses,
Vg the total variance, Va the analytical variance, and V"
the sample variance. In general, sampling efforts try to
minimize Vg and thus obtain the best available precision.
Analytical procedures frequently achieve preclslon levels(Valk.n) of 1 to 10 percent, while soil sampllng
variatLon (Vs) may be greater than 35 percent, (Wilding,
II-19
3.L.2
3. L .2.L
1985). Sampling designs which will reduce the magnitudeof V" should be employed where possible (Barth and Mason,
1984). I{ithin the budgetary constraints of the soils
study, the sampling procedures used must, simultaneously,
minimize V" and provide representative informatj-on about
the likelihood of metals to migrate to groundwater at the
contaminated sites.
To accomplish the above goal, the best availableinformation must be used to focus measurements on thefactors that will most affect metal mobility. Soil withthe highest concentration of total metals is the mostlikely to exhibit metals mobilit,y because of increased
mass action of the metal ions and possible saturation ofsorption sites by the high concentrations of metals.Further, a reliable evaluation of the chemical andphysical properties of the underlying soil that effectits ability to retain metals and prevent their migration
must be obtained. The combj.nation of these principles
dictates that the najority of the study's resources be
dedicated to examining samples from highly contamj.natedareas within each -site and to understanding theproperties of the srrbsurface soil in these areas that may
attenuate metals migration.
Techniques for Selection of Sampling Locations
Site M-536
The boundaries of the contaminated area at site M-535 arenot currently well defined. However, because of the
tendency for soil to sorb metals, the area of highest
contaminatlon is likely to occur near the waste dischargepoint and near the surface. In addition, Morton Thiokol
employees famLliar with the site can estimate the "wettedperimeter" of the site with reasonable accuracy. The
combination of this information will be used to delineatethe sampling areas.
To locate areas of high contaminat,ion at site M-536,exploratory, or first stage, 'systematic sampling of thesurface of the soil will be conducted. The surfacesampling procedure has been designed to provide
systematically selected, representative samples of
.contaminated area soil material. A systematic sampling
approach increases coverage of the contaminated area sothat the probability of sampling the more highly
contaminated soils is increased. Sampling will coveressentially all of the site that was wetted by the waste
stream (Figure 2). Approximately 50 soil samples will betaken. Previous sampling at Morton Thiokol site M-39, toa depth of 2 ft and at site M-114, to a depth of 4 ft,
rr-20
showed that the highest concentrations of metals were inthe surface 1 foot. At site M-l14, a carbonatedeposition layer, which could be very important in metalsretention, was noted at a depth of less than L foot
(Dudley et dI., 1987). These observations indicate thatlocations of high contamination.within the sites can be
found by examining samples of soil within 1 ft of thesurface and, hence, exploratory samples will be taken 1ft deep.
Sampling points within the exploratory sampling area will
be located using a rectangular grid overlay of a map ofthe site. The starting point of the grid will be
randomly selected using four random numbers from a random
number table. The first two numbers will locate aspecific Arid rectangle on the overlay and the second twowill identify a point within that rectangle. This pointwill then be fixed on the map and the grid shifted sothat the lower right corner of the grid rectangleoverlies this point. Each point of intersection of thegrid within the sampling area will then be designated asa sampling point (Mason, 1983). Before samples aretaken, these sampling poJ.nts will be reviewed with the
Utah Department of Health, Bureau of Solid and Hazardous
Waste
Because of metals sorption by the soil, metalconcentration would be expected to decrease along thepath of the waste stream away from the point ofdischarge. Concentration gradients in one or bothdirectl-ons in a soil sampling area can reduce theprecisLon of the results when systemati.c samplingprocedures are used. Petersen and Ca1vin (L986) pointout that systematic sampling designs cannot be usedwithout consideration of the concentration distribution
among all possible samples. They recommend that whenlinear trends are present, the frequency of samplingshould be increased in the direction of the strongestgradient. Accordingly, a rectangular grid that increasesthe sampling frequency in the direction away from the
discharge point (e. g. t Figure 5) will be used to locatet,he surface sampli.ng poj.nts'wj.thin the site. Fifty
sampling points will be designated using this procedure.
Second stage samplj.ng at site M-636 will collect thirteen,soil cores to the depth of bedrock or to 20 fX, whichever is less, at-the locations that were found to havethe highest metals concentration Ln the 1 ft samples.Before cores are taken, these sampling points will be
reviewed with the Utah Department of Health, Bureau ofSolid and Hazardous Waste. The depth for sampling, i. e.
TT.2L
Disclurge
poin!Direction of llasD stearn flov -----+
V d.\o
a
a
a
a
t. tl
a aIi-:l\aaaaa\I a aa
aa\J\--tient::::l .
7 \
--\,)
Figure 6. Schematic illustration of a sampling grid with increased
sampling frequency designated in the direct,ion of a soiL
const,ituent, concentration.
TT-22
3.].
to bedrock or 20 fE, was selected for two reasons: (1)this depth exceeds the maximum estimated depth of waterpenetration of 7.2 ft (calculated in section 1.3 above
from the estimated total annual precipitation) and it isunlikely that the metals will be transported beyond this
depth by natural precipitation'unless soLl structural
and/or textural properties are extraordinarily conduciveto water movement and l2l for economy of drilIing. Thelocations for the 20 ft deep cores within the
contaminated site will be within a 1 ft radi.us of thelocations (marked in the procedu.re above) that containthe highest concentrations of total Ag, Cd, Cr, and Pb.
Three soil cores, to bedrock or 20 ft deep, will be
randomly located outside the contaminated area at site M-636, within the same soil series as the contaminatedarea, to provide control or background information about
noncontaminated soil.
Site M-508
At site M-508, sampling wilI be restricted to the
upstream half of each of the drain fields (Figure 1). Itis assumed, based on the likelihood that more waste wouldbe distributed in the upstream half of the drain field
and based on the principles of metals sorption in soil,that the highest concentration of metals have accumulatedin the upstream half of the drain field and that higherIevels of contamination, more critical to accomplishingthe objectives of the study, will be found there.
Five cores extending 20 ft below the level of the drainfield (approximately 24 ft total depth from the surface)wtLl be taken within each of the three drain fields atsite M-508 resulting in a total of 15 deep cores at thissite. Three of the cores taken at each drain field will
be evenly distributed along a transect that runs parallel
and adjacent to the length of the center drain line. Thetransect will begin near the first perforations in thedrain 1ine. Each of the remaining two samples ln eachdrain field will be located near the first perforationsof the side drain lines. All sampling locations will be
reviewed with the Utah Department of Health, Bureau ofSolid and Hazardous Waste before any samples are taken.
A geologist I s visual loE of a well d.rilled at site M-508indicates that sampling to a depth of 24 or 25 ft willallow examination of silty clay soil naterial that
extends to a depth of more than 30 ft.
Three cores of depth equal to those taken in the
contaminated site wiII be randomly located outside the
II-23
3.2
3.3
contaminated areas at site M-508, within the same soilseries as the contaminated areas, to provide control orbackground information about noncontaminated soi1.Control core samples wilJ, be taken from the same depths
selected for analysis in the contaminated sites.
A field notebook will be maintained by the field monj-torin which sample locatj-on will be recorded and a boringlog prepared for each core within both the contaminated
and control areas at both sites M-635 and M-508.
Sampling and Samp'le Handling
At site M-535, the 1 ft, exploratory samples will becollected with a manually driven soil coring tube orauger. These samples will be individually bagged, intheir entirety, and returned to the laboratory foranalysis for total Ag, Cd, Cr, and Pb. The samples willbe prepared as described in section 3.3 prior to
analysis.
The 20 ft core samples from both sites will be collectedusing a machine driven (or drilled) 3 in split spoonsampler. Samples will be individually bagged by soilhorizon or in 1 ft increments if the horizons are thickerthan 1 ft. The samples will be returned to thelaboratory and prepared as described beIow.
Horizons or sample sections will be recombined only ifinsufficient sample is available to perform the neededanalyses. $lhen this is necessary, the horizon designatedfor analysis will be combined with the horj.zon above it,
except when the overlying horizon is coarse textured (i.
€.r sand or gravel). If the overlying horj.zon is coarsetextured, the nearest fine textured horizon or layer
above or below the designated horizon wilL be used.
All metals analyses will be performed on the samedescrete samples. Samples will not. be mixed once theanalytical sequence has begun.
Sample Pretr.aration
The general procedure for preparation of soil samples for
chemical analyses is to break up large chunks of soil by,hand and spread the sample out to air dry.' When the
sample is dried, it is ground to pass a 2 mm sieve. Careis taken to avoid grinding rocks. The weights of thesoil material larger than 2 mm and the mdterial smallerthan 2 mm are recorded. Chemical properties are
determined on the smaller than 2 mm fraction, and theresults are reported on the basis of the total mass ofsoil, i. e. r the less than 2 mm fraction plus the greater
TT-24
3.4
than 2 mm fraction. Soil moisture will be determinedgravimetrically; drying the soil to constant weight at
103 oC. All analyses will be reported on a moisture freebasis. These procedures are followed by all soil testinglaboratories throughout the United States (e. 9., UnitedStates Salinity Laboratory (USDA, 1959), University ofCalifornia Agricultural Extension Service (1958), and t,heSoil Conservation Service (USDA, 1984) ) for analysis of
chemical propert5.es of soil samples. Preparing samplesin this way adds to the comparability of the results.
Soil Analyses
After drying, four descrete samples in each deep corewill be selected for analysis of total and Ca (NO3) 2extractable Ag, Cd, Cr, and Pb. These samples will beprepared as described in section 3.3 above. Since it isthe objective of the soil study to determine thepotential for metals migration through the soil to
groundwater, samples will be selected for analysis based
on apparent metals retention capacity characteristics (e.g.t texture and CaCO3 content). Since it is anticipated
that the metals will have accumulated in the highest
concentrations near the surface of the soLl, the surface
sample wiII be analyzed and three other samples will beselected (for a total of four sampleS) from the core to a-depth of approximately L2 ft. It is anticipated t,hat a
second sample will be withdrawn from an approximately 1ft thick layer within the 2 to 4 ft depth of the core. Athird sample will be taken from an approximately 1 ftthick layer within the 4 to 8 ft depth and the fourth
sample will be taken from an approximately L ft t,hicklayer between the L0 and L2 ft depth. If the analysisfor total metal content (see section 3.4.2.1 below) showsthis fourth sample to be contaminated, the deepestavailable sample (i. €.r L9-20 ft or immediately above
bed rock) will also be selected for total metal analysis.
Soil physical and chemical properties will be measured in
three subsurface horizons or soil layers from each of sixof the deep cores taken at both sites M-39 and M-114.Both those horizons appearing to have high metalsretention capacity and those with apparently low metals
retention capacity will be included in the analyses.
Following the above analyses, acetic acid-sodium acetate
and EP toxicity extractions will be performed on 16 ofthe samples (30t) at each site. The samples selected forextraction will be distributed such that at least one
sample from each depth on which total and Ca(NO3)2
extractions are performed will be extracted with the
II-25
acet j.c acid solutj.ons. Otherwise, acetic acid-sodium
acetate and EP toxicity extractions will be done on the
samples exhibiting the greatest total metal content.
Final1y, contaminated soil column leaching potential
studies will be performed using.duplicate columns from 3
samples (six columns total) of soil material from the
more htghly contaminated core samples from each site.
The metal retention capacity of uncontaminated subsurfacesoil from three cores will also be evaluated (in
duplicate) as descrLbed in section 3.4.4 below.
The numbers of samplesat each of the sit€srlisted in Tab1e 6.
procedures to be used
detail in Appendix A.
aspects of the project
to be analyzed by each procedure
and the j.r contol locat ions, areAII noD-standard analyt,icalfor this study are described in
Quality control/quality assurance
are described in Appendix B.
Table 6.Numbers of samples to be collected from sites M-508 and
M-536, and their control (cont.) sites, and numbers of
samples to be analyzed by each procedure.
Site
EXPLOR-
ATORY
(tota1
metals )
;;;--- -;;.T"rsffi:H;;; ----;;;"
deep Sarples Ca (NO3) 2 e EP tox. Phys. /Chem. (both
cores per core extract extract propertJ.es tlpes)
M-508
M-508 Cont.
M-536 50
M-536 Cont. 0
15
13
60
L2
52
L2
18
16
18
18
II-26
3.4.1_Soil Physical/Chemical Properties
The analysis of soil physical and chemical propertiesthat influence water movement and metal immobilizati-on isnecessary in any study of the metal immobilizationcapacity of a soil. SoiI physical parameters to beincluded in this study are! particle size distribution,soil bulk density and a field description of the soilcores including texture, structure, dLscontinuities instructure, and any abnormalities in soil properties.
The retention of heavy metals in soils has beenpositively correlated with soil pH, CEC, clay content,organic matter content, and carbonate content. Analysisof these properties will be included in this study. Atpresent the USEPA has not specified approved methods for
some soil analyses to be conducted in the soils study.The methods listed in SW-846 (USEPA, L985) for soil
analyses j.nclude soil pH (Method 9045) and CEC (Method9081). Method 9081 for CEC is not appropriate forcalcareous soils. The USEPA (1986) referenced aprocedure f rom t,he 1965 edition of - Methods of Soil
Analysi sr Part 2r Chernica'l and Rio'l ogrical Properti es(Black, 1965). The second edition of Methods of SoilAnalysis was released in L982 (Page, 19821,. with aprocedure for measurement of CEC specific for caLcareoussoils. It is this revLsed procedure that will be used inthe study.
For metals with multiple oxidation states, the oxidation-reduction status of the soil is of importance. In thesoil environment, cadmium, lead, and silver exist in only
one oxidation state and are, therefore, not directlyaffected by the redox status of the soil. Chromium,however, exists in the soil environment in eithertrivalent (cationlc) or hexavalent (anionic) forms.
Thus, the mobility of chromium is greatly influenced bythe oxidation state of the soil. Because of errorinvolved in measurement of redox status of oxidizedsystems using two platinum electrodes, the redoxpotentj-al will be determined for soils under reducedconditions only. During the field collection of thesoils, those soils with sufficient water content and with
visible signs of reduced conditions (gleying ormottling), as determined by the field soil scientist,wtII be placed in plastic bottles, and the bottles willbe flushed with nitrogen gas. Upon arrival at thelaboratory, these samples will be vacuum filtered, in aglove box under a nitrogen atmosphere, to remove the soilnater. The soil rrater will be imnediately analyzed forpH and redox potential as described in SOP I101-87
TT-27
3.4.2
3.4.2.L
3.4.2.2
(Appendix A) . The redox potential is determined usi.ngplatinum electrodes and a pH meter set to read in mV.
Met,hods for soil analyses wiII be conducted using
standardized methods employed throughout the U. S. bystate and federally operated sotl analysis laboratories
and published by the American Society of Agronomy or theU. S. Department of Agriculture. Tab1e 7 lists thephysical/chemical measurements to be conducted in thesoils study along with their corresponding methods andthe source of the method.
Metal Characterization
Total metal content of the soil
In order to evaluate the present magnitude of thevertical netal contamination at the sites, the soils willbe analyzed for total concentrations of cadmium,
chromium, silver, and lead using a nitric acid-hydrogen
peroxide .digestj.on procedure described in SW-845, Method
3050 (USEPA, 1986). This procedure will decompose soilorganic matter and most of the soil mineral phase
releasing the associated hearry metals to the solution.
Calcium nitrate extraction
Whereas, the nitric acid-hydrogen peroxide digestion formetal analysis will provide data on the total metalcontent of the soil, this method does not provide anyinsight into the chemical fractions of the metals in thesoil. The potential migration of metals in the soil
system ls dependent on the chemical form of the metal.
Metals ln t,he soil solution usually occur in lowconcentrations relative to the total concentrations.
Heavy metals sorbed as specifically adsorbed metals tosolid surfaces of the soj,I, precipitated as carbonate,hydroxides, oxides, and phosphates or held in theresidual fraction of the soil have extremely 1owsolubilities and are generally. considered insoluble.
The aqueous fraction, and those fractions in equilibriumwith this fraction, are of primary importance when
considering the migration potential of metals associatedwit,h soils. The ion exchangeable fraction is the most1ike1y to enter the soil solution in appreciable
concentrations and become mobile. A calcium nitrateextraction procedure wiII be used to remove metals
associated with exchange sites. The procedure, takenfrom Tessier et al. ll979l, was developed to removemetals associated with exchange sites in sediments and
has been adopted, in some cases with minor modifications,
TT-28
Table 7 .Measurement
Properties.
Methods for Soil Physical / Chemical
Parameters llethod Dleasurement method/ inst rument at ion
Soil Vilater Content
Fie1d Soil $Iater
Content
Soil pH
Cation exchange
capacity
Organic carbon
content
Redox Potential
Calcium carbonate
content
Soil BuIk density
Soil particle size
distribution
2L-2.24
2L-3.34
9045b
g -3c
2g-3.5 .2c
soP 1105-87
LL-z.2c
13-34
15-54
grravimetry with oven drying
at 10 3oC
neutron thermalization
1 : 1 soil, : water extract /pH
electrode
displacement/AA
digestion/titration
(WaIkIey-BIack proced,ure )
ext ract ion /e lect ropotent ia I
manometer
(van Slyke method)
excavation method
two point hydrometer
a. l.tethods of Soil Analysis, Part 1: Physical and ltineralogicalProperties. Second EdLtion. A. Klute (ed). SoLl Science Society of
America, Madison, wI (1986).
b. Test l.rethods for Evaluating Sotid waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,
Sw-846, Third Edition. U.S. Environrnental Protection Agency, Washington DC
(1985).
c. Methods of Soil Analysis, Parx 2: Chemical and lticrobiological
Properties. Second Edition. A.L. Page (ed). Soil Science Society of
America, Madison, wI. (1982).
II-29
3 .4.2 .3
for soils (Hickey and Kittrick, 1984; Sposito et El.,1984). This extractant is not, however, entj-rely
specific but, is operationally defined as the exchangeablefraction. It may also remove soluble organic, and to avarying degree, inorganic metal forms and inorganic
complexes as well as ions originating from Lon exchangesit,es. What is important to consider, however, is that
metals extracted by this mild reagent are more likeIy t,obe released to the soi] solution with inputs of water
than are the metals associated with stronger binding
mechanisms.
The original procedure of Tessier et aI. (L9791 used 1 M
magnesium chloride in a 1:8, soil:solution, ratio toextract exchangeable metals. The. procedure uses a
contact time between soil and extracting solution of one
hour to prevent carbonate dissolution. For the soils
study, the procedure, described in detail in soP IL02-87
(Appendix A), has been modified to better suit the soilsfound at the Morton Thiokol sLtes. The modified
procedure will use l. M calcium nLtrate. The cati-on is
changed from magnesium to calcium to suppress tshesolubility of calcium carbonate making the extractantslightly more specific for the fraction of metalextracted. The nitrate salt of calcium was substitutedfor the chloride salt to prevent precJ,pitation of silver
ion with the extracting solution.
Acetic acld-sodium acetate extraction and the USEPA EPtoxicity test
Aft,er extraction with Ca (NO3) 2 solution, 30 Percent of
the soil samples will be extracted wit,h 1 14 sodiumacetate (NaOAc) soLution adjusted to pH 5 with aceticacid (HOAc). A 1:8 (soil:solution) extraction ratio will
be used. The samples selected for the extraction will bedistributed such that at least one sample from each depth
on which total and Ca (NO3) 2 extactj.ons are performed will
be extracted with NaOAc-HOAc solution. Otherwise, NaOAc-
HOAc solution extractions will be done on the sample
exhibiting the greatest total tnetal content.
The NaOAc-HOAc extraction procedure was used by Tessieret aI. (L979) to estimate the fraction of metals
assocLated with alkaline salts, especially carbonates, in
sediments. The procedure to be used in the soils studyis described in detail in SOP 1103-8? (Appendix A). Thisacetate solution has also been used by Hickey andKittrick (1984) to extract metals associated with
carbonates in soils. Because the Morton Thiokol soils
may contain more carbonates than encountered in the
studies by Tessier et aI. (1979) and Hickey and Kittrick,
II-30
(1984) it may be necessary to add a small amount ofnitric acid to achieve a slurry pH value in the range 5to 5.5. This range of pH values is requj.red t,o insurethe complete dissolution of carbonate. The final pH
value is kept at or above 5 to minimize dissolution of Feand AI oxides and associated'specifically adsorbed
rretals.
This procedure is similar to the USEPA EP toxicity test(Sw-846; USEPA, 1986). The EP toxicity test uses ahigher soil to solution ratio (Lt20l, but the ratio
developed by Tessier et aI.(L979)'was demonstrated to besufficient for the dissolution of carbonate solids. The
EP toxicity test uses a maximum of 400 mL of 0.5 U aceticacid which results in a maximum 0.1 U acid concentrationin the extracting solution. From previous experiencewith the carbonate rich soils from the Morton Thiokolarea, the maximum amount of acetic acid is usually addedwithout the extraction slurry reaching the desired pH 5.
The strong buffering of the 1 M NaOAc used in the Tessieret aI. (1979) procedure (with the possible addition ofmineral acid) wiLl keep all soils, regardless of their
orS,gJ.nal pH and carbonate content, at approximately the
same final pH. This approach will allow the data to becompared between samples and will aid in theinterpretation of the data, since this procedure has beenused in the refereed literature to define a' specificgeochemical fraction of metals in soils. The EP toxicity
method, while providing acidity for dissolving part ofthe soil mineral phase, does not have an adequate ionic
strengrth to keep all metals dissolved from the carbonates
from being redistributed among the remaining solid phasesof the soil, j.. e. being readsorbed by the exchangephase. ?he result would be a reduced extractionefficiency for carbonate bound metals. The presence of L
U, Na ions in the procedure of Tessier et aI. (1,979)
prevents metals dissolved from carbonate precipitates
from being readsorbed by soil exchange sites through mass
action.
For comparative purposes,
846, USEPA L986) will bewhich were subjected to
extraction sequence.
the USEPA EP toxicity test (SW-
performed on the same samplesthe L M Ca(NO3) Z - 1 M NaOAc
3.4.3 Metal Leaching Potential Through Soil Columns
Soil columns will be used to demonstrate the potentialmobility of metals in contaminated soils and thepotential for metal retention by underlying
uncontaminated soils. Column studies are commonlyperformed as an j.ndex of the potential mobility of a
rr-3L
contaminant through the soil matrix when t,here is an
incomplete knowledge of all the factors that determinethe fate or persistence of a given compound. Two typesof column studies will be conducted.
The first type of column study ls designed to be a
re,presentation of metal leaching in contaminated soils asdriven by input from natural precipitation. Soils atsites M-39 and M-114 show a rapid decrease in metal
concentratLon at depths between 2 and 4 feet (Dudley eta1., 198?). Soil samples from a depth increment with alarge gradient of Ca (NO3) 2 extractable metal
concentration will be selected, within soil horizons,
from sample core sections less than 1 ft in length. The
samples will be packed into a 2 foot taII plastic columnin their natural sequence. The column is then leached,
under unsaturated flow conditions, with a solution that
sLmulates the ionic compositLon and ionic strength of thesoil solution.It is assumed that the water fromprecipitation will increase in salt content upon
contacting the first soil layer and this "soil solution"is the background solutLon for leaching
The second type of column study is designed as a trworst
caserr test of metal retention by uncontaminated soilsunderlying the zone of contamination. WiLh theavailability of a mobile solution phase, virtually all
components of soils, including contaminants, are slowly
weathered and leached. This study is a laboratory
demonstration of the retentl-on behavior of the underlyingsoil for the input metals at the highest naturallypossible concentration; the maximum concentratj-on ofmetals determined in the Ca(NO3)2 extract. In thisstudy, a column of uncontaminated subsurface soil is
Leached with simulated soil solution that has been spikedwith metals in concentrations equal to the maximum
desorbed by the Ca (NO3) 2 extracti-on. The s j-mulated
solution will have principal catj.on and anionconcentrations that are approximately the same as asaturation paste extract of a composite sample of thesoil profj.le and wlII be prepared as described in SOP
1104-87 and SOP 1105-8? (Appendix A).
Five pore volumes of
column. In the second'the potent ial loading
solution will be added to eachstudy, this amounts to five times
f rom the Ca (NO3 ) 2 ext ract able
fraction of the overlying soil.
In each study, daily column effluent will be collectedfor cadmium, lead, silver, and chromium analyses. The
columns wiII be divided int,o at least 10 sections at the
end of the study for determination of total metal (Sw-
TT-32
3.4.4
3.5
3.5.1,
3.5.2
846, Method 3050, USEPA, L986) in each section in orderto evaluate the potential metal mobility.
Metal Analysis
Atomic absorption methods for metals analyses describedin Sw-846 (USEPA, 1985) will be used for all netaldeterminations. Method numbers are }isted in Table 8.
Soi I Moi sture
Capacity ModeL
The soil moisture capacity model will be created frombulk density and texture determinations of the deepcores. It will be assumed that only the particles lessthan 2 mm in diameter hold water at "field capacity".The'depth of water stored in any horizon will then be
corrected for reduction in water holding capacity due tothe presence of stones and cobbles. Multiple lj-nearregression equations for estimating field capacity areavailable from the literature (HaII et a1., L9771.
Monitoring Soil Moisture
Soi.l moisture will be monitored uslng a neutron probe.
The probe will be calibrated for each soil horizon whereperiodic sampling for gravimetric moisture determinationwith a soil auger is possible. For depth greater thanfive feet and where the materj.al is too coarse to permit
hand augering, calibration will be limited to gravimetric
moj.sture determination at the time of soil sampling.Calibration points will be t,aken from similar horizons atdifferent drilling sites.
A length of two inch aluminum tubing will be insertedinto each of the deep bore holes. Probe readings will be
taken every other week and 48 hours after any storm eventln which cumulative precipitation exceeds one cm. Probe
readings will be taken every 30 cm for the upper L50 cm
and every 60 cm thereafter.
monitor precipitation .
A rain gauge will be used to
II-33
Table 8. Measurement Methods for Metals in Soil
Parameters lleasurement method/ inst rumentat ionltethod
Extraetion Proeedures
Total digestion 30504
for metals
EP t,oxicity
extraction
13104
HNO3 -HZOZlaa
HOAc / ee,
flame AA
flameless AA
flame AA
flameless AA
flame AA
flameless AA
flame AA
Calcium nitrate SOP f101-87 Ca(NO3)2 ext,raction/AA
extraction
Acetic-acid-sodium SOP 1102-87 CH3COOH-NaCH3COO extraction/AA
acetate extraction
Column Studies
contaminated soP 1103-8? Leaching test/AA
Subsoil Colunn Study
Uncontaminated SoP 1104-8? Leaching test/AA
Subsoil Co1umn Study
r'{etar Ana'lysis ZOOOa Flame and flamiless AA
cadmium
lead
chromium
s ilver
? 1304
71314
7 4204
7 42La
71904
71914
77 604
a. Test t{ethods for Evaluating So1id waste, Physical/Chemical Methods,
Sw-846, ThiEd Edition. U.S. Environnental Protection Agency, washington DC
(1986).
I I-34
3.5.3
3.6
3.5.].
3.5.2
Model Verification
Results of soil moi,sture measurement,s will be compared tocapacity model predictions for model verification. Thecritical comparisons will be storm events which produce
more than t cm cumulative moisture. For verificatj-on,the model will be initialized with the soil moistureprofile before a storm event and the total precipitationwill be used as an input. Model predicted moistureprofiles will be compared to profiles determined 48 hoursafter storm events.
Data Reduetion and Ana'lysis
Data Compilation
All data collected during the study will be entered into
computer data files using spreadsheet and/or data base
management software on AppIe Macintosh personal
computers. Electronically stored data will be kept inreplicate copies with at least one archive copy that will
be updated daily. Printed copies of the data files willalso be kept. These data will be transferable to other
computer format,s (e. g., IBM and Dec VAX).
Statistical Analyses
The mean, range, standard deviation, coefficient ofvariation, and the 95 percent confldence intervals will
be calculated for aII measurements on samples from eachindividual site.
Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) procedureswill be used to evaluate differences, at each samplingdepth, between the contaminated area and the controlarea. It is recognized that samples taken with depthwithin each soil core are not truly randomly selected,but are repeated measures, and a nested design of theanalysis of variance will be required to properly
determine the significance of differences between
sampling variables (i.e., contaminated vs. control and
sample depth).
Computerized statistLcal computation software packageswill be used for all calculations.
REPORTTNG
After the f irst 6 months
assurance rePort will beUniversity and submitted to
of the study, a gual ityproduced by Utah State
Morton Thiokol who wiII, in
4.0
I I-35
5.0
turn, submit it to the Utah Department of Health, Bureauof Solid and Hazardous lilaste. This report will include
information on the performance of the measurement system
and the data guality (Appendix B).
The final report will present the results from aII parts
of the study and wLll contain all data, data analyses andinterpretation, and recommendations for next, phaseactions. A section of the report will summarize dataguality information.
Morton Thiokol wiII submit the final report to the Utah
So1id and Hazardous Waste Committee.
REFERENCES
Bartlett, R.J. and iI.M. Kimble. 1976a. Behavior of
chromium in soils: 1. trivalent forms. J.Environ.
Qual. 5:379-382.
Bartlett, R.J. and J.M. Kimble. 1976b. Behavior of
chromium in soilst 2. hexavalent forms. J.Environ.
0ua1, 5:383-386.
Bauer, E. L. 19?1. A statistical manual for chemists.
Academic Press, New York, NY.
Black, C.A. (ed). 1955. Methods of soil analysis, part
t, physical and mineralogical properties. American
Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
Dudley, L.M., J.E. McLean, R.C. Sims, and J.J. Jurinak.1,988. Sorption of copper and cadmium from the watersoluble fraction of an acid mine waste by two
calcareous soils. SoiI Sci. L452207-2L4.
Dudley, L.M., J.E. Mclean, and R.C. Sims. Lg87. Summaryof studies for the distribution and extractability of
cadmium and chromium in soils contaminated by
photographic wastes. Report to Morton Thiokol Inc.
Emmerich, Iil. 8., L. J. Lund, A. L. Page, and A. C. Chang.L982. Movement of heavy metals in sewage sludgetreated soils. J. Environ. Qual. 11:L74-L18.
Grove, J.H. and B.G. E1lis. L980. Extractable chromium
as relat,ed to soil pH and applied chromium. Soil Sci.
Am. J. 441238-242.
r r-36
HaII, D. G. M., A. J. Reeve, A. J. Thomasson and V. F.Wrlght. L971. I{ater retention porosity, and densityof field soils. Soil Survey Tech. Monograph 9.
Rothamsted Experimental Station, Harl>enden, England.
Hickey, M. G. and J.A. Kittrick. 1 984 Chemi caIpartitioning of cadmium, copper, nickel, and zinc insoils and sediments containing high levels of heavymetals. J. Envj.ron. QuaI. L3:372-376.
K1ute, A. (ed). 1985. Methods of soil analysis, Part L,physical and mineralogical methods. Second edition.
American Society of Agronomy, Madison, wI.
Latterell, J.J., R.H. Dowdy, and W.E. Larson. 1978.
Correlation of extractable metals and metal uptake of
snap beans grown on soil amended with sewage sludge.
,J. Environ. QuaI . 7 2435-440.
Mason, B.J. 1983. Preparation of soil samplingprotocol: technigues and strategies. EPA-600/4-83-020. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas,
NV.
Overcash, M. R., and D. Pa}. 198L. Design of land
treatment, systems for industrial wastes -- theory andpractice. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc., Ann
Arbor, MI.
Page, A.L. (ed). L982. Methods of soil analysis, part2: chemical and microbiological properties. Secondedition. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI..
Peterson, R.G., and L.D. Calvin. 1985. Samp1lng. p.
33-51 I.o. a. K1ute (ed. ) Methods of soil analysis,part l; physical and mineralogical properties. Secondedition. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
Santillian-Medrano, J., and J. J. Jurinak. L975. The
chemistry of lead and cadmium .j,n soil: solid phase
formation. Soil Sci. Soc. Am.. J., 39:851-856.
Sergent, Hauskins, and Beckwith Engineers. 1988. Reportfor: geohydrologic investigation, photographic wastesites, Morton, Thiokol, Inc., Box Elder County, Ut,ah.' Sergent, Hauskins, and Beckwith, Consulting
Geotechnical Engineers, Salt Lake City, UT.
Silviera, D.J. and L.E. Sommers. 1977. Extractabilit,yof copper, zLne, cadmium, and lead in soils incubatedwith sewage sludge. J. Environ. QuaI . 6247-52.
r r-37
U.
Sposito, G. 1984. The surface chemistry of soiIs.
Oxford University Press, New York, NY.
Sposito, G., C.S. Levesque, J.P. LeClaire, and N. Senesi.L984. Methodologies to predict the mobility andavailability of hazardous metals in sludge amendedsoils. California Water Resource Center, Contribut,ion
No. 189. UnLversity of CalJ.fornia, Berkeley, CA.
Tessier, A., P. G. C. Campbell, and M. Bisson. 1979.
Seguential extraction procedure for the speciation ofparticulate trace metals. Anal; Chem. 5L:844-850.
Underground Resource Managrement, Inc. 1985 . RCRA
compliance plan prepared for Morton Thiokol, Inc.
S. Depart,ment of Agriculture. 1984. Procedure forcollecting soil samples and methods of analysis forsoil survey. Soil survey investigation report No. 1.U. S. Department of Agriculture, Soil Conservation
Service, Washington, DC.
S. Department of Agriculture. 1969. Diagnosis and
improvement, of saline and alkali soils. Agriculture
Handbook No. 50. U. S. Gov. Printing Office,
hlashington, DC.
U. S. EnvironmentaL Protection Agency. 1985. Review ofj-n-place treatment technlques for contaminated surfacesoils EPA-SA0/52-84-003. U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency t Hazardous Waste Engineering
Research Laboratory, Cincinnati, OH.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1986. Test
methods for evaluating solid waste: physical/chemical
methods. Third Edition. Sw-846. Office of So1id$laste and Emergency Response, U. S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Washington, DC.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. L983. Hazardous
waste land treatment. SW:874. U.S. Environmental
Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency
Response, gf,ashington, DC.
University of California Agricultural Extension Service.1958. Met,hod of soil analysis. U. C. Agricultural
Extension ServLce. University of Callfornia, Davls,
CA.
U.
II-38
Wilding, L. P L985.Spatial variability: its
documentation, accommodation and implication to soilsurveys. p. 156-187 IJX D. R. Nj.elsen and .I. Bouma(ed). Soil spatlal varlabLlity. PUDOC, $lagening€Dr
Netherlands.
r r-39
.U!trt-gx
D
APPEITDIX f,
STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
(SOPs)
5 t{ay 198 9
A-1
soP r10L-87:
soP 1102-87:
soP r103-87:
SOP I10 4-87 z
soP r105-87:
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
Procedure for Redox PotentiaL. A-3
Procedure for t,he Extractlon of
Metals from Soil wlth Calcium Nitrate. . A-5
Procedure for the Extraction of Metals
from soils with Acetate Buffer A-9
Contaminated Subsurface Soil Column Studies. . .A-Lz
Uncontaminated Subsoil Column Studies. . .A-15
A-2
L.0
1.1-
2.0
2.L
3.0
3.1_
3.2
4.0
4.t
4.2
4.2.L
4.2.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
5.0
5.1
soP r101-87
Procedure for Redox Potential
Scope and Application
SOP I101.-8? is an eletropotential procedure for measuringthe redox potential of soil water.
Summary of Method
Soil samples with visible signs of reduced conditions andsufficient soil water for analysis will be transported tothe laboratory in bottles under a nitrogen atmosphere.
These samples will be vacuum filtered and the resultingwater will be immediately analyzed for redox potential
using a pair of platinum electrodes and a pH meter set toread in mV. All laboratory handling and analysis of
these samples will take place in a glove box under a N2
atmosphere.
Tnterferenees
Temperature fluctuations w111 cause measurement errors.
Measurement.s will take place in a const,ant. temperature
room.
Errors will occur when the electrodes become coated.
Electrodes will be cleaned between each reading.
Apparatus and Materia'ls
pH meter set to read in mV
Electrodes
A pair of Platinum electrodes connected in paralle1
Saturated calomel electrode
Beakers:50 mL
Vacuum flask
Buchner funnel
Reagrents
A pH 4 suspension of quinhydrone in 0.L M potassium acidphthalate will be used to standardize the electrodes.
A-3
5.0
6.1
7.0
7.L
7 .L.L
7 .L.2
7.2
7 .2.L
7 .2.3
7 .2.4
Sample Collection. Preservation. and Handling
Soil samples with sufficient water content and withvisible signs of reduced conditions, as determined by thefield solI scientist, will be placed in plastic bottles,
the bottles will be fLushed with ni.trogen gras, and storedin an ice chest. These samples will be analyzed
immediately upon being received at the laboratory.
Procedure
Calibration
Attach the platinum eleetrodes in parallel agaJ-nst a
saturated calomel reference electrode to a PH meter setto read in mV.
Adjust the potentiometer to read +2L9 mV when the
electrodes are in a pH 4 suspension of quinhydrone in 0.L
M potassium acid phthalate. This reading is equivalentto an Eh of 453 mV and a pe of 7.85 aE 25 'C.
Sample preparation
Upon arrival at the laboratory, samples will be .vacuum
filtered in a glove box a under nitrogen atmosphere to
remove the soil-water.
Before each reading, rinse
M, HCI: detergent solution
thoroughly rinse with Type
the Pt electrode with a 1:1 , 5
followed by 10t H2O2 and then
II water.
Insert electrodes into the solution, let stand for 5
minutes and read Eoo" in mV. Measure the pH of the same
solution. AII measurements are made in the glove box.
Redox potential readings will be reported as Eh, which is
calculated as follows:
Eh=Eou"fC
where Eh is the oxidation reduction potential of the
sample referenced to a normal hydrogen electrode, Eob" is
the potential developed by the Pt electrodes, and C is
the potential developed by the reference electrodeportion relatLve to the normal hydrogen electrode.
Values for C at various temperatures are given in Orj"on
Pt redox electrode Instruction Manual (1980).
A-4
8.0 Ouality Control
8.1 AIl quality assurance and quality control procedures
outlined in the MTI OAPP will be followed. All quality
control data wtII be maintained and available for easy
reference and inspection.
8.2 At least one duplicate sample will be run every 20
samples.
9.0 Method Performance
9.1. Precision and accuracy data will be generated as part ofthis project using procedures specified in the QAPP.
10.0 References
10.1 Ponnamperuma, F.N. L972. The chemistry of submergedsoils. Adv. Agron. 24229-96.
10.2 Orion. 1980. Platinum redox electrode instruction manual.
Orion Research Inc., Cambridge, MA.
A-5
o
soP rL02-87
Procedure for the Extraction of Metals from Soil with
Calcium Nitrate
L.0 Scope and Application
1.1 SOP 11-02-87 is a procedure for the ext,raction of watersoluble and exchangeabLe metals from soils. Cadmium,Iead, chromium, and silver in freely soluble forms and asions that can be removed from soil particle surfaces by
Ca2+ through ion exchange reactions are extracted.
2.0 Summary of Methorr
2.L The soil sample is extracted with the L.0 M Ca(NO3)2.
The metal content of the extract solution is analyzed for
cadml-um, lead, chromium, and silver uslng atomic
abs orption spectrophotometry .
3.0 Interferences
3.1- See Section 3.0 of Method 7000 in SW 846 (USEPA, L986) ifinterferences in metal analyses are suspected. -
4.0 Apparatus and Materials
4.1 For basic apparatus for metal analysis see Section 4 of
Methods 7000 in SW 846
4.2 Linear polyethylene (LPE) centrifuge tubes, 50 mL.
4.3 Mechanical shaker
4.4 Refrigerated centrifuge
5.0 Reagents
5.1 1.0 U Ca(NO3)2: Dissolve l-'64.g of reagent grade calcium
nitrate in approximately 600 mL Type II water in a 1liter volumetric flask. Dilute to 1 liter with Type II
water.
6.0 'SarnPl e Col l eet i on, Preserrrati on and Handl ing
' 6.1 All samples must be collected using a sampling plan that.
addresses the considerations discussed in the Soil Study
Plan for }ITI.
A-6
o
6.2
7.0
7.L
7.]..].
7.2
7 .2.t
7 .2.2
7 .2.3
7 .2.4
7 .2.5
8.0
8.L
8.2
8.3
All samples hrill be handled as specified in the Soil
Study Plan and the QAAP.
Proeedure
Calibration
Standard solutions for the metals are prepared in 1.0 U
calcium nitrate.
Sample preparation and extractj.on
A 4 g soil sample is reactedwith 32 mL of 1.0 U Ca(No3)2
solution for one hour with continuous agitation in a 50
mL LPE centrifuge tube on a reciproeal shaker
Following the extraction, the samples are centrifuged for
20 minutes at 25 'C. Supernatant is filtered through
Whatman *42 filt,er paper. The centr.ifuge tube is then
welghed to determine residual solution weight in the
soi1.
Filtrate solutions are acidified to pH 2 with 50t HNO3.
Analyze filtrate solutions for metals usLng atomic
absorption spectrophotometry, using procedures outlinedin Methods 7000'in SW 846 (USEPA, 1986)
?he amount of metal extracted ls calculated according tothis eguation:
lrg extracted = c*w
where C is the concentration Utg/gl of the metal in theextracted solution and IiI is the oven dry weight of soil
used.
Oualitv Control
All quality assurance and quality control procedures
outlined in the MTI QAPP will'be foIlowed. All quality
control data will be maintained and available for easy
reference and inspection.
At least one blank will be analyzed every 10 samples.
At least one duplicate sample will be analyzed every 10
samples.
A-7
8.4
9.0
9.],
10.0
1,0 . l_
L0.2
At least one extracted solution in every batch of L0
samples will be spiked with cadmium, silver, chromium,
and lead
Method Performance
Precision and accuracy data will be generated as part ofthis project using procedures specified in the QApp.
Referenees
Tessier, A., P. G. C. Campbell, 'and M. Bisson. 1979.Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation ofparticulate trace metals; Anal. Chem. 51:844-851.
Hickey, M. G. and.r. A. Kittrick. L984. Chemicalpartit,ioning of cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc in soils
and sedLments containing high leve1s of heavy metals. J.
Environ. Oual . 13 : 372-37 6.
o
A-8
o
1,.0
].. l,
2.0
2.t
3.0
3.L
4.0
4.t
4.2
4.3
4.4
5.0
5.L
soP 1103-87
Procedure for the Extraction of Metals from Soils with
Acetate Buffer
Scope and Application
Method SOP 1103-87 is a procedure for the extraction ofmetals associated with carbonates in so1ls. This
procedure is useful for assessing the relative importanceof this geochemical form compared with the total metal
content of the soil.
Summary of Method
The soil sample, following the calcium nitrateextraction, is reacted with a L.0 U sodium acetatesolution, buffered at pH 5 with acetic acid (1.0 M NaOAc-0.6 IL HOAc). The metals contained in this extractsolution are analyzed using atomic absorption
spectrophotometry.
Interferences
See Section 3.0 of Method 7000 in Sw 846 (USEPA,.1986) ifinterferences in met,al analyses are suspected.
Apparatus and Materials
For basic apparatus for metal analysis see Section 4 of
Methods 7000
Linear polyethylene (LPE) centrifuge tubes, 50 mL
Mechanical shaker
Refrigerated centrifuge
Reagents
1.0 U NaOAc-0.6 U acetic acid: Dissolve 72 g of reagentgrade sodium acetate in approximately 500 mL of Type IIwat,er in a 1 liter volumetric f1ask. Add sufficient
concentrated acetic acid to obtain a pH of 5. The final'solutlon wLll be approximately 0.6 U acetic acid. Dilute
t,o volume.
A-9
6.0
6.1_
6.2
7,0
7.t
7 .L.t
7.2
7 .2.L
7 .2.2
7 .2.3
7.2.4
7 .2.5
8.0
8.],
Samp1e Collection. Preservation. and Handling
All samples must be collected using a sampling
addresses the considerations discussed in the
PIan for !fTI.
be handled as specified in
QAAP.
plan t,hatSoil Study
the SoilAtl samples will
Study plan and the
Procedure
Calibration
Standard solutions for the'metals are prepared in the
extracting solution.
Sample preparation and extraction
After completion of the calcium nitrate extraction, thesoil in the centrifuge tube is extracted with 32 mL of
0.6 U acetic acid-1.0 U NaOAC lptt 5) solution for 6 hourwith continuous agitation using a reciprocal shaker
Following the extraction, the samples are centrifuged for
20 minutes at 25 C. Supernatant is filtered through
Vfhatman #42 filter paper
Filtrates are acidified to pH 2 with SO* nHO3. .
Analyze solutions for metals using atomj-c absorpt,ion
spectrophotometry, using procedures outlined in Methods
7000 in Sw 846 (USEPA, 1986).
The amount of metal extracted by a given reagent is
calculated according to this equation:
ltg extracted= (c*91) - (c' *M)
where C is the concentration (ttg/gl of the metal in the
extracted solution; W is the oven dry weight of soil
used; Ct is the concentration. lttg/gl of the metal in thesolution extracted in the calcium nitrate step; and M isthe mass of solution (g) carried over to the present
extraction from the calcium nitrate extracti.on.
'Oua1ity Control
AIl quality assurance and quality control procedures
outlined in the DITI QAPP wiII be followed. All guality
control data will be maintained and available for easy
reference and inspection.
A-1,0
O 8.2 At Least one blank will be run every L0 samples.
8.3 At least one duplicate sample will be run every 10
samples.
8.4 At least one extracted solution in every batch of L0
samples will be spiked with cadmium, silver, chromiuin,
and lead.
9.0 Method Performanee
9.1 Precj.sion and accuracy data will be generated as part ofthis project using procedures specified in the QAPP.
10.0 Referenees
10.1 Tessier, A., P. G. C. Campbell, and M. Bisson. 1979.Seguential extraction procedure for the speciation ofparticulate trace metals. Anal. Chem. 5L:844-851.
L0.2 Hickey, M. G. and J.A. Kittrick. L984. Chemicalpartitioning of cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc in soils
and sediments containing high levels of heavy metals. J.Environ. Oual. 13 2372-376.
A-L ].
1.0
1.1
2.0
2.t
3.0
3.1
4.0
4.t
soP 1104-87
Contaminated Subsurface Soil Co1umn Studies
Seope and Aflr'l i eat ion
This method is used to demonstrate the leachlng potential
of metals in a column of contaminated soil from the zoneof rapid concentratl,on change. This method uses adisturbed sample, with stones larger than 0.25 inches
removed by sieving. Larger stones either would not fitinto the column or may cause large voids in the packed
column. Because of the disturbed nature of the soilmaterial, the column will not simulate the natural soj.l.structure. Most water movement in the natural soil
environment is under unsaturated conditions, therefore,'the column is operated under unsaturated flow conditions.
Unsaturated flow minimizes flow through macropores andthe contact tj,me of the leaching solution with the soilis maximized, along with the opportunity for metaLs
desorption.
Summary of Method
SoLls at the MTI sites show a rapid decrease in metaLconcentration at depths between 2 and 4 feet (Dud1ey etd1., 1987). Soil samples from a depth i-ncrement with alarge gradient of Ca (NO3) 2 extractable metalconcentration are selected, within soil horizons, from
sample core sections less than 1 ft in length. The
samples are packed into a 2 foot tall plastic column, intheir natural sequence, to a bulk density approximatingthat in the field. The column is then leached with asolution that simulates the ionic composition and ionicstrength of the soil solution. Unsaturat,ed flowconditions are maintained with the use of a peristalticpump. ?he leachate is collected daily and analyzed for
cadmium, lead, silver, and chromium. At the end of thestudy, the column is divided into approximately 1.0 to 15egual sized sections (approximately 100 g each) and thesoil is analyzed for total metals.
Interferenees
'See Section 3.0 of Method 7000 in SW 846 (USEPA, L985)if lnterferences in metal analyses are suspected.
Anfaratus and Materials
For basic apparatus for metal analysis see Section 4 of
Methods 7000.
A-L2
4.2
4.3
4.3
5.0
5.L
5.]..L
6.0
6.L
6.2
7.0
7.L
7 .t.L
7.2
7 .2.t
7 .2.3
Plastic columns, 1.5 inch ID by 2 feet
Peristaltic pump
Collection flasks
Reagrents
Simulated soil solution
A saturated paste extract of a composite sample of thesoil profile to be used in the columns is analyzed for
maJor cations (Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K*) and anions (c1-,
SO42-, HCO3-) r and a solution is made to simulate the
ionic strength and maJor cation and anion concent,rationof the soil extract
Samp'l e Col leet ion, Presenrat ion. and Hand'l ing
All samples must be collected using a sampling
addresses the considerations discussed in the
Plan for MTI.
plan thatSoil Study
the SoilAII samples will
Study plan and the
Proeedure
be handled as specified in
QAAP (Appendix B) ?
Calibration
Standard solutions for the metals are prepared as
described in Sw 846 Method 7000 (USEPA, 1986).
Sample Preparation
The soil is air-dried and passed through a 0.25 inchsieve. The bottom of the columns are filled with theIesser contaminated soil from the transition zone, andthe more contaminated soil is added as the column is
f i1Ied. The soil j.s packed to a bulk dens ity
approximating that in the field.
Leaching is begun by adding synthet,ic soil solution.
,FLow rate is controlled with the peristaltic pump to
maintain unsaturated conditions.
Leaching is continued until at least five column volumes
have been passed through the column.
7.2.4
A-L3
7 .2.5
7 .2.6
7 .2.7
8.0
8.L
8.2
9.0
9.L
10.0
10.1
L0.2
Column effluent is coll,ected daily and analyzed for
cadmium, lead, silver, and chromium.
At the end of the study, the soil is divided int.o atleast L0 sections and each sectj.on is analyzed for total
metal content
Solutions are analyzed for metals using atomic absorption
spectrophotometry procedures outlined in Methods 7000 in
sw 846 (usEPA, 1985) .
Ouality Control
AIl quality assurance and quality control procedures
outlined in the study QAPP (Appendix B) will be folLowed.All guality control data will be maintained and availablefor easy reference and inspection.
Duplicate columns are operated. If the coefficient ofvariation (CV) of the effluent concentration Ls greatbr
than L00 t, the results of the study will be rejected as
inaccurate.
Method Performance
Precision and accuracy data will be generated as part ofthis project using procedures specifiea in the OAPP(Appendix B).
Referenees
USEPA. L983. Hazardous waste land treatment. Sl{ 814.Revised edition. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
Dudley, L.M., J.E. Mclean, and R.C. Sims. 1987. Summaryof studies for the distribution and extractability of Cdand Cr in soils contaminated by photographic wastes.
Report to Morton Thiokol Inc., Utah.
A-L4
1.0
L.L
2.0
2.t
3.0
3.],
4.0
4.L
4.2
soP 1105-87
Uncontaminated Subsoil Column Studies
Scope and Apoll-cation
This method is used to determine the leaching potent.ial
of metals through a column of uncontaminated soilmaterial col-Lected beneath a metals contaminated soilIayer. The method uses a disturbed sample from which
stones larger than 0.25 inches 'in diameter have been
removed by sieving. Larger stones either would not fitinto the column or may cause large voids in the packed
column. The column will not simulate the natural soilst,ructure. Most water movement in the natural subsoiL
environment is under unsaturated conditions, therefore,the column is operated under unsaturated flow conditi.ons.
Unsaturated flow minimizes flow through macropores andthe contact time of the leaching solution with the soiLis maximized, along with the opportunity for metals
sorption.
Summary of Method
So11 samples. are selected from within soil horj-zons in an
uncontaminated soil profile in sample core depth
increments not exceeding 1 ft and are packed into aplastic column, in their naturaL order, to a bulk density
approximating that in the field. The column is thenleached with a solution which simulates the ionic
composition and ionic strength of the natural soil
solution. This solution is spiked with cadmium, Lead,
chromium, and silver at Ca (NO3 ) 2 extractable
concentrations egual to the maximun observed at the site.
The leachate is collected and analyzed for the metaLs ofinterest. At the end of the study, the column is dividedinto approximately 10 to 15 equal sized sections
(approxj-mately 100 g each) and the soil is analyzed for
total metals.
fnterferences
See Section 3.0 of Method 7000
interferences in metal analyses
Apparatus and Materials
For basic apparatus for metal
Methods 7000.
in Sw 845 (USEPA, 1985) if
are suspected.
analysis see Section 4 of
Transparent plastic columns, 1.5 inch ID by 2 ft long.
A-L5
4.3
4.4
5.0
5.1,
5.]_.],
5.0
6.1
6.2
7 .0
7.t
7.1,.1_
7.2
7 .2.L
7 .2.2
7 .2.3
7.2.4
7 .2.5
Collection flasks
Peristaltic pump
Reagrents
Simulated soil solution
A saturated past,e extract of a composite sample of thesoil profile to be used in the columns is analyzed for
major cations (Na+, ca2+, MgZ+, K*) and anions (cl,-,
so42-, HCo3-) r and a solutj.on is made to slmulate the
lonic strength and maJor cation and anion concentrationof the soLl extract. This solution is spiked with
cadmium, lead, chromium, and silver at the maximum
concentration level found in the Ca(NO3)2 extraction (see
SOP 1102-87) of samples from the site.
SamPle Co'l 'l eet i on, Preservat i on - and ltand] i ng
All samples must be collected using a sampling plan that
addresses the considerations discussed in the Soil Study
Plan for lff I.
All samples are handled as specified in the Soil Studyplan and the QAPP (Appendix B).
Proeedure
Calibration
Standard sol,utions for the metals are prepared as
described in Sw 846 Method 7000 (USEPA, 1986).
Sample Preparation
The columns are slowly filled with uncontaminated air drysoil material sieved to pass a 0.25 inch mesh sieve. Thesoil is packed to a bulk dens.ity approximating that inthe field.
Leaching is begun by adding the spiked soil solution.
The rate of flow i.s controlled using a peristaltic pump
to maintain unsaturated conditions.
Leaching is continued until at least five coLumn pore
volumes are passed through the coLumn.
Column effluent is collected and analyzed for metals.
At the end of the study, the soil is divided into
A-L 5
sections and analyzed for total metal content.
7.2.6 Analyze solutions for metals using atomic absorption' spectrophotometry using procedures outlined in Methods
7000 in Slil 846 (USEPA, 1986).
8.0 Ouality Control
8.L A11 quality assurance and quality control proceduresoutlined in the OAPP (Appendix B) are followed. Allquality control data are maintained and made avaj.lablefor easy reference and inspection..
8.2 Duplicate coLumns are operated. If the coefficient ofvariation (CV1 of the effluent concentration is greater
than L00 t, the results of the study will be rejected as
inaccurate.
9.0 Method Performance
9.1 Precision and accuracy data is generated as part of theproject using procedures specified in the QAPP (Appendix
B).
10.0 Referenees
10.L USEPA. 1983. Hazardous waste land treatment. Sw 874.Revised edition. U.S. Envj-ronmental Protection Agency,
Washington, DC.
A-17
!.u
FI-gx
E
a
1.0 TITLE PAGE
APPEDIDTX B
QUAITTY ASST'RAI{CE PROJECT PI,AN
FOR THE
MORTON THTOKOL, TNCORPORATED
AEROSPACE GROUP (UTAII OPERATIONS)
M- 39 , M- LrA , M-508, Al[D M- 636
PHOTOGRAPHTC WASTEWATER DISCHARGE SITES I
SOILS STUDY PI,AN
L. FARRELL-POE, Qa OFFTCER
UTA}I STATE UNTVERSITY
R. J. TAYLOR, PROJECT ADMTNTSTRATOR
MORTON THTOKOL, TNCORPORATED
J. P. MARTIN, PROJECT ENGINEER
MORTON THIOKOL, INCORPORATED
5 May 198 9
B-L
O
, PRINCIPAL INVESTIC,ATOR
STATE UNTVERSTTY
2.0 TABLE
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
9.0
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
9.5
].0.0 DATA
OP CONTENTS
PROJECT DESCRIPTION. B-4
PROJECT ORGAI{IZATION AI{D RESPONSIBILTTIES. B-4
QA OBJECTTVES FOR MEASUREMENT DATAIN TERMS OF PRECISION, ACCURACY,
CoMPIETENESS, REPRESENTATTVENESS
AI{D COMPAR:ABILITY. B-8
5.1 PrecLsLon and Accuracy. . B-95.2 Completeness. . .B-145.3 Representativeness. .B-155.4 Comparability .B-15
SA}4PLING PROCEDURES. .B.15
6.1 Sampling ObJectives and Techniquesfor Selection of Sampling Locations .B-155.2 Sampling Techniques .B-156.3 Quality Assurance Aspects .8-16
SAI.{PLE CUSTODY B- 17
CALIBRATION Ar.rD FREQIENCY. .B-17
8.1 Metal Analysis. ; . .B-178.2 pH and Redox. .B-208.3 SoLl Particle Size Distribution .B-228.4 Soil Organic Matter Content
and Calcium Carbonate Content .B-228.5 Soil Water Content. .B-238.6 Analytical Balances .B-238.7 Field Soil Vtater Content. .B-23
ANALYTTCAL PROCEDURES. .B-23
Sample Preparation. .B-23Soil Analysi.s for Physical/ChemicaLProperties. .B-23iIeta1 Characterization. .B-24Soil Metal Sorption Capacity by
Se1ect Soils. .B-25Metal Analysis. . .8-26
REDUCTION, VALIDATION AI{D REPORTING .B-26
11.0 INTERNAL OUALITY CONTROL CHECKS AIID FREQUENCY. .B-33
11.1 Laboratory Cert,ification. . .B-33Ll.z Laboratory Operations QC. .B-33
B-2
2.0 TABLE OF CONTENTS (Continued)
12.0
13.0
14.0
11.3 Duplicates and Spikes .B-3711.4 Blanks. . .B-3811.5 Laboratory Control Samp1es. .B-3911.5 Instrument Set-Up .B-39
LL.1 Calibration .B-41
11.8 Detection Limits and QuantificationLimits. .B-43
PERFORMA}iICE A}.ID SYSTEM AUDITS. . .B-45
PRE\ENTATTVE T'{AINTENAI{CE .8-46
SPECIFIC ROUTINE PROCEDT'RES USED TO
ASSESS DATA PRECTSTON, ACCURACY AIiIDCOMPLETENESS .8-46
CORRECTI\IE ACTION. . .B-47
15.L ldentification and Definition of
the Problem . .B-4'l
L5.2 Assignment of Responsibility forInvestigating the Problem .B-4115.3 Investigation and Det,ermination ofthe Cause of the Problem. . . .B-47
15. 0
15;4 Determination of a CorrectiveAction to Eliminate the Problem . . .B-48
16.0 QUALITY ASSURN.TCE REPORTS. .B-50
17.0 REFERENCES.I 'B-51
B-3
3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION
A Soil Study Plan has been developed for four X-rayphotographic developer discharge areas at the MortonThiokol, Inc., gf,asatch Operations facilities. Theoverall objective of the study plan is to evaluate
whether silver, cadmium, chromium, and lead are like1y tomigrate from the discharge areas to the uppermostaguifer. This study will evaluate the concentration andpotential mobility of cadmium, lead, chromium, and silverin soil. It wtII also evaluate soil properties that willaffect the migration potential of these metals, includingthe soil moisture available to leach the metals. Thetasks designed to meet the objective of the plan are as
follows:
1. Determine, in the top 20 feet of soil (or in soil to
bedrock) at highly contaminated locations within eachsite, the vertical distribution of total and calciumnitrate extractable cadmium, Iead, chromium, andsilver.
2. Determine, in selected samples, the fraction ofnon-calcium-nitrate extractable cadmium, lead,chromium, and silver that is associated withsoil carbonates.
3. Determine the vertiial distribution of soilproperties, that are known to affect metalretention capacity, such as pH, cation exchangecapacity, carbonate, organic matter and claycontent in
each site.
4. Demonstrate
contaminatedsite.
selected sub-surface samples from
the potenEial mobility of metals in
and uncontaminated soils at each
5. Est imate the
metals.
moi sture avai I able to leach
Each of these tasks j.s discussed in the soil study plans.
4.0 PROJECT ORGAI\TIZATION A}.ID RESPONSIBILITIES
.Figure 4.L illustrates the organizatLon of the pro ject
between Morton Thiokol, Inc. (MTI) and Utah StateUniversity (USU) . Project informatj.on disseminat.ion(data flow) is shown in Figrure 4.2.'
B-4
MORTON THTOKOL, TNCORPORATED
WASATCH OPERATIONS
UTATI STATE UNTVERSTTY
D. L. SORENSEN
(PRINCIPAL TTiNTESTIGATOR)
J. E. McLEAN L. M. DTIDLEY K. L. FARRELL-POE(Co-Principal (Co-Principal (QA Officer)Investigator) Investigator)
Research Teeh If Research Tech I B- LILIEHOLM T. H. FURST(Laboratory (Laboratory (Laboratory (Field SoilTechnician) Technician) Soil Scientist) Scientist)
Figure 4 .L. Pro ject organi zat ion.
B-5
DATA REQUESTOR
MORTON THTOKOL, TNCORPORATED
Tf,ASATCH OPERATIONS
I
IR. J. Taylor
(Pro ject, Administrator )
I
IJ. P. Martin
(Pro ject Engineer)
D. L. Sorensen(Principal Investigator, Utah State UniversLty)
I
I
DATA REI'IENERK. L. Farrell-Poe
(ProJect QA Officer)
I
I
DITTA GE}IERATORS
J. E. Mclean
(QC Monitor)
Res. Tech. Res. Tech.
f f f (Lab. Soil Sci . )(Lab. Tech. ) (Lab. Assist. )
L. M. Dudley T. H. Furst(Co-Principal ( SamplingInvestigator) Monitor)
Figure 4.2. Project information dissemination.
B-6
A summary of personnel responsibilities is as follows:
, Irata Users/Requestors-Morton Thiokol
R.J. Taylor: Project admj.nistrator
J.P. t{artin: Project engineer: coordinator betvreen
T.TI and USU
Data Generators-Utah State University
D. L. Sorensen: Project'Manager: project
administration, project reports, technical review
L.M. Dud1ey: Project Soll Chemist: technical review,project reports
J.E. McLean: Project Soil Chemist: quality controlmonitor, technical review, project reports
T.H. E'urst: Field Soil Scientist: sampling monitor,field soil evaluation
B. Lilieholm: Laboratory Soil Scientist: Iaboratory
Research Technician II: laboratory analysis of soil
metal content
Research Technician I:laboratory analysis of soil
metal content
Data Review/Atrfrover - Utah State University:
K. L. Farrell-Poe: Quality Assurance Officer
Responsibility for data review will be assigned to Dr.
Kathryn Farrell-Poe, the Quality Assurance Officer.Dr. Farrell-Poe will have broad authority to approveor disapprove project plans, specific analyses, andthe final report. Dr. Farell-Poe will be outside thenormal operations of the project and will be in aposition to provide independent and objectiveevaluation and assessment of the QA program and toprovide timely feedback and recommendations. Ingeneral, the QA Officer is responsible for reviewi.ng
and advising on all aspects of the QA/QC, including:(1) assisting the data requestor, Mr. Ronald. J.Taylor, in specifying the 0A/0C procedure to be used
during the programi Ql making on-site evaluations andsubmitting audlt samples to assist in reviewing QA/QCproceduresi and, (3) i.f problems are detected, making
B-7
5.0
recommendations to the data requestor and the project
manager, Dr. Darwin L. Sorensen, to ensure that
appropriate corective actions are taken.
A second leve1 of quality control management will beperformed by the project field monitor, Mr. Tom H.Furst, and the quality control monLtor, MS. Joan E.Mclean. Mr. Furstrs responsibilities as field monitorwill include : ( 1) determining, with the qualit,y
control monitor, Ms. Mclean, appropriate equipment andsample containers to minimj.ze contamination; (2)
ensuring that samples are collected, preserved, andtransported as specified in the work plani and, (3)
checking that all sample documentation (Iabels, fieldnotebooks, chain-of-custody records, packing lists)are correct and then transmitting that information,
along with the samples, to Utah State University'slaboratories.
Ms. Mclean's responsibilities as quality controlmonitor will include: (1) training and gualifyingpersonnel in specific laboratory QC and analyticalprocedures, prior to receiving samples; Q) receiving
samples from the field and verifying that incoming
samples correspond to the packing list and chain-of-' custody sheet; (3) maintaining records of all- incoming
samples, .and tracking those samples through subsequentprocessing and analysis; (4) verifying that laborat,ory
QC and analytical procedures are being followed asspecified in the work plan; (5) 'reviewing sample and0C data during the course of analyses; (6) ifquestionable data exist, determining which repeat
analyses are needed.
OA OBJECTIVES FOR MEAST'REMENT DATA IN TERMS OF
PRECTSION, ACCI RACY, COMPLETENESS,
REPRESENTATIVENESS AI{D COMPARABTLTTY
In contrast to routine monitoring efforts for waterquality using well established sampling and analyticalprocedures for which expected data guality can bespecified in advance of actual measurement,
determinations in soil samples with unknown and variablematrix effects have less predictable precision.
Nonetheless, aII data have measures by which theirquality can be judged and certain criteria by which a
determj-nation may be made as to whether or not the databeing collected are acceptable for their intended use.The measure of data quality and the criteria for
determining data acceptability to meet the data qualit,y
objectives of this project are described here. The goalof the project QA/QC program is to provide data of such
B-8
5.]-
5.L.L
guality to allow for confidence ln quantj.tative results
and to make reporting comparisons as data is collectedover time. The raw data, and precision and accuracy
checks on the raw data, will be organized and presented
in a report format that can be easily understood and thatwill permit defense of the data and the conclusions
drawn.
Preei si on and Aer.uraey
Precision and accuracy objectives.for this project can bedivided into two parts: (1) precision and accuracyobjectives for USEPA performance audit samples and 0C
samples (Iaboratory operations 0C) and (2) precision and
accuracy objectives for the analyte in the soil matrix
(procedural QC) .
Precision and Accuracy for Audit and Check
Samples: Laboratory Operation QC
Check samples (USEPA QC samples) and audit samples, which
are prepared in a slmple aqueous matrix, provide a meansof evaluating instrument performance, instrumentcalibration, and technician performance. Accurate andprecise analysis of these samples is the first step in a
QC plan to ensure that basic laboratory operations are incontrol
Chemical analyses performed with check samples and audit
samples are expected t,o be within t,he accuracy andprecision limits specified by USEPA (1.986, 1979) and
USEPA QC sample data sheets. All accuracy data are
acceptable if they are within the list,ed 95t confidencein+-erval for a particular QC sample. AIl duplicate
analyses of check or audit samples will be within 120percent relative difference. An analysis is determj.ned tobe out-of-control when the above criteria are exceeded.At this point, action will be taken to bring the analysis
back into control. A fuII discussion of corrective action
procedures j.s given in sect,ion 15 below.
Performance audits will be conducted by the QA officer,
Kathryn Farrell-Poe. All laboratory personnel involvedin chemical analyses will run audit samples prior to thestart of the proJect, monthly t,hroughout the proJect, andat the end of the project.
EPA QC samples wiIl be obtained for aII chemical
parameters measured, when available. These check sampleswill be analyzed on a daily basis, dt the start of anyanalytical run, at least every 20 samples within a run
and at the end of the run (USEPA, 1985). The USEPA QC
B-9
o samples, in addition to the performance audj.ts, are daily
checks to ensure that the accuracy and precision
objectives for an instrumental analysis are met.
The check and audit samples, while providing good routine
monitoring of instrument and technician performance, donot provide information on dxpected precision and
accuracy obtainable for an analyte in soil samples with
unknown mat,rix effects.
Precision and Accuracy ObJectives for an
Analyte in the Soil Matrix: Procedural QC
Tables 5.1 and 5.2 list procedures to be used in the
study to determine soil physical and chemical propertiesand for metal extractions and det,erminations,respectively. Table 5.3 lists maximum limits for overall
laboratory precision, accuracy and compLeteness for these
procedures where applicable.
Precision and accuracy are sample dependent and will varyas the sample matrix and concentration of the analytevaries. General limits for precision (t20t) and accuracy(75-125t) are listed in Laboratory Data Val-idati on
Funeti ona'l Gui deli nes for Elva'l rrating Tnorganie Ana'l ysis
(USEPA, undatedi see Table 5.3). Actual precision and
accuracy must be determined as part of the study (APHA,
1985; USEPA, 1986). The guality of the data generated bythis project wilL be within the accuracy and precisionlimits specified in Table 5.3 (USEPA, undated) and will
be such that the data will support the qrality objectives
and conclusions of the study as stated in section 3.0.
The procedure used to monitor precisj.on and accuracy of
any analytj.cal parameter throughout the project will be
those specified by the USEPA (1985, L9791 and by APHA(1985). These established guidelines include the use ofreplicates, spikes, and control charts.
For measurements of soil pH, cation exchange capacity andsoil physi.cal properties, it is possible to determj.neprecision but not accuracy (Table 5.3) because of theunavailability of standard substances that can be addedin known quantities on which a percent recovery can becalculated (APHA, 1985). For these analyses a soiLcontrol sample will be used as a measure of the accuracyof a batch of analyses. This control sample will begenerated by analyzing tt 20 times for the appropriate
parameters under carefully controlled conditions at thestart of the study. This sample will be reanalyzed every20 samples throughout the project to ensure thereproducibility of results in any batch of analyses. Ifresults of this repeat analysis fall outside the 95t
5.L.2
B-1,0
Table 5.1. Measurement methods for soil physical/chemical
properties
Parameters Method Measurement method/ inst rumentat ion
Soil Water Content 2L-2.24
Fie1d Soil $later 2L-3 .34
Content
Soil pH 9045b
Cation exchange 8-3c
capacity
gravimetry with oven drying
at 103oC
neutron thermalization
1 : 1 soil : water extract /pH
electrode
displacement, /AA
organic carbon 29-3.5.2c digestion/titrationcontent (Walkley-Black procedure)
Redox PotentiaL SOP 1105-87 extraction/electropotential
Calcium carbonate LL-2.2c manoneter
content (van Slyke method)
SoiL BuIk density 13-3a excavation method
Soil particle size 15-54 two point hydrometerdistribution
a. Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 1: Physical and MineralogicalProperties. Second Edition. A. K1ute (ed). SoiI Science Society of
America, Madison tfl (1986).
b. Test Methods for Evaluating So1id llaste, Physical/Chemical Methods,
SW-845, Third Edition. U.S. Environnental Protection Agency, Washington DC
(1985).
c. Methods of Soil Analysi,s, Paxt 2: Chemical and Microbiological
Properties. Second Edition. A.L. Page (ed). Soil Science Society of
America, Madison 9If. (1982).
B- 1L
Table 5.2. Measurement methods for metals in soil
Parameters llethod Measurement method/ inst rumentat ion
Calcium nitrate SOP 1102-87 Ca(NO3)2 extraction/AA
extract.ion
Acetic-acid-sodium SOP 1103-87 CH3COOH-NaCH3COO extraction/AA
acetate extraction
Column Studies
Contaminated SOP 1104-87 Leaching test/AA
Subsoil Co1unn Study
Uncontaminated SoP 1105-87 Leaching test/AA
Subsoil Column Study
Extraeti on Proeedures
Tota1 digestion 30504
for metals
EP toxicity
extraction
13104
HNO3-H2O2/*
HOAc /*,
'Flame and flameless AA
flame AA
fl,ameless AA
flame AA
flameless AA
flame AA
flameless AA
flame AA
Metal Anal ysi s
cadmium
lead
chromium
silver
70004
?1304
7 1314
7 4204
1 42La
71904
71914
17 604
a. Test ltethods for EvaLuating Solid lfaste, Physical/Chemical Methods,
SW-846, Third Edition. U.S. Environrmental Protection Agency, Washington DC
(1986).
B- t2
Table 5.3. Maximum limits for overall laboratory precision,
accuracy and completeness.
l{ethod Precision Accuracy Completeness
Soi'l Properties
Soil pH
cEc
t0 .5 pH units
t 2a*
t 20*
t 20*
Organic Carbon t 20*
Redox Potential t 20*
Calcium Carbonate t 20*
Particle Size t 20*
Distribut,ion
lvletal rnalyses
Total Digestion t 20*
Ca (No3 ) 2
Extraction
HOAc-NaOAc
Extraction
EP Toxicity
Extraction
t 20*
Column Studies t 20*
?5-125t 3
7 5-125t 3
7 5-125t 2
75-125t 2
75-125t
?5-125t 2
95r
9s t
95t
95t
95t
95t
95t
95t
95t
9st
-95t
1. Accuracy cannot be deteanined using standard additions. Accuracy
will be determined relative to a soil control sarple. ResuJ.tg must be
with 95t of the confLdence interval of the original analysLs of the
paramete!.
2. Accuracy cannot be detemined using standard additions prior to
extraction. Saq>Ies wiII be spiked with a known concentratLon of the
analyte after extractslon.
3. Accuracy will be determined by spiking the soil sarple prior to
extraction.
B- 13
5.2
confidence interval for the "true value" established from
the initial- 20 analyses, the analysis for that batch of
samples will be considered out of control and corrective
action, described in section 15 below, will be taken.
It is also not possible to determine accuracy for EPtoxicity, calcium nitrate and acetic acid-sodium acetateextractionsr ds indicated ln Table 5.3.The se
extractions remove a particular fraction of a metal fromthe soil depending on the reagent dsed. No spikingmaterial is available to mimic these metal fractions insoil. Accuracy of the metals analyses in these extractswill be determined by spiklng the sample extract with a
known concentration of analyte.
Completeness
Completeness will be ensured by analyzing at least 95percent of the samples intended for any analysis.
The study's intent is that all samples collected wilL be
digested with HNO3-H2O2 and analyzed for total cadmium,
lead, chromium, and silver. All samples wi}l aLso be
extracted with aa(NO3)2 solution.
It is intended that soil physical properties will be
determined on aII samples from six of the 13 (or 15) deep
cores collected at each site.
It is also intended that 30 percent of aII samples wiLl
be extracted with acetic acid-sodium acetate. These samesoil samples wiIl be subJected to an EP toxicityextraction. The samples selected for extraction wilL be
distributed such that at least one sample from each depthon which tota] and calcium nitrate extractions areperformed will be extracted with the two acetatecontaining extracting solutions. Otherwi.se, soils with
the highest metal content and soils representatj-ve of therange of soil physical/chemical properties will beselected for these studies. Selection of these soilswill allow for the investigation of metal retenti-on
mechanisms based on total metal content and the soilproperties found at each site.
Two types of column studies will be performed on threesoj.I samples from each site. The purpose of thesestudies is to determine the capacity of the soil to sorb
metals infiltrating from contaminated surface horizons.
Completeness will be checked by the project QA officer,
Kathryn Farrell-Poe, as part of her monthly system audit.
B-14
5.3
5.4
6.0
5.L
Representativeness
Appropriate procedures will be utilized to ensure thatall samples collected are representative of the morehighly contaminated area of each site. At each slte
samples will be collected within the area near the
discharge location which is known to have been \iletted by
the waste stream.
The depth of the cores to be taken at each slte has been
chosen to exceed the anticipated dept,h of wetting bynatural precipitation and to encompass the soil material
important in metals retention, while allowing a maximum
number of cores to be taken so that the population ofmore highly contaminated soils can be adequately
represented.
Comparability
Standardized sampling procedures and methods of analysis
used to characterize soil properties, total metal contentand EP toxicity extractable metals will ensure thecomparability of results. Use of refereed published
procedures of calcium nitrate and acetic acid-sodium
acetate extractions, and column studies will also ensurethe comparabilit,y of results. Standardized dat,a formatfor collection and calculatioh of data will facilitate
the generation of comparable'data.
Data from soLls, with the exception of pH, conductivity,
organic carbon content, water content, and bulk densitywill be reported on the basis of mglkg dry weight soil.
The reporting of pH will be Ln standard pH units; for
conductivity the units will be ds/m; for organic carbon
and water content the unit,s will be percent; and for bulk
density they will be t"tglm3. The weight of moisture freesoil will be determined by drying the soil at L03 oC for
24 hours or unti] a constant weight is achieved. AII
data will be reported on a soil dry weight basis.
SAMPLING PROCEDURES
Sampling Obieetives and Techniques for
Selection of Sampling Locations
The studyrs sampling obJective is to locate highly
contaminated areas within each site and to provide
representative subsurface soil material that has physical
and chemical characteristics that are representative ofthe contaminated area and from which a determination canbe made of the potential for metal migration to the
uppermost aquifer within these areas.
B-L5
Locations for sampling within each site will be
determined using systematic (at sLte M-39 and M-636), orjudgemental procedures. The use of judgemental sampling
procedures is justified because it is not an objective ofthe soil study to describe the distribution, or to
determine the average and variance, of contaminated soilwithin each of the sites.
The techniques for determining the locations for samplingwlthin each of the sites is described in detail in eachof the study plans.
6.2 SamF'l i ng Teehni grres
Specific techniques, J.ncluding and equipment to be usedin sampling, are described in detail in each of the studyplans. In general, samples are to be collected using
manual or mechanized soil coring equipment that has been
decontaminated with careful washing initially and between
each core.
6.3
Samples wiII be placed in labeled, single-use plastic
bags, protected from solar warming, and returned to thelaboratory.
:Oual ity Assrrranee Aspeets
l
Quality assurance of soLl samplJ.ng has as its goal thequantifying of errors made throughout the samplingprocess (Barth and Mason, L984). Unannounced, on siteaudits of the sampling procedure will be conducted weeklyby the quality assurance officer. Adherence to the
sampling protocol will be monitored. Equipment blanks(rLnse tests) will be taken after sampling equipment
cleaning durj.ng the audit visit to verify that effective
cleaning procedures are being used.
Weekly trip blanks, consisting of uncontaminated Thiokolarea soil placed in sample bags and transported to andfrom the sampling site, wiII be used to guantify
contaml-nation during sample handling and transportation.All audit actj,vities, including observations of departure
from the sampling protocol and field blank (egr:ipment andtrip blank) results will be recorded in a bound notebook.
The contaminated or nonrepresentaive nature of any samplewill be document,ed and reported. Contaminated or
nonrepresentatj.ve samples will be replaced, if possibl"e.If a sample is found not to be representative or iscontaminated, based on field documentation or othergr.rality control procedures after analyses have begun, the
B-L 5
7.0
results of the analyses will be flagged and will not be
used in data analysis and interpretation.
SAI'{PLE CUSTODY
The field Tracking Report is shciwn in Figure 7 .L. Each
person having custsody of the samples recorded on thetracking report wlll sign and date the form certifying
transfer of custody or receipt of the samples. Personnel
accepting custody of the samples are to have them inhis/her physical possession or in his/her sight at alltimes. Custody of the samples will begin with the
sampling monitor, Tom Furst. One copy of the tracking
form will remain with the sampling monitor's records,
while the original and one copy wil] be transmitted with
the samples. The last person to sign the form should bethe laboratory guality control monitor, .foan Mclean.
Upon arrj.val in the laboratory and completion of log-inprocedures, the original tracking form will betransmitted to the guality assurance officer, Kat,hrynFarrell-Poe, and a copy will remain with the laboratoryguality control monit,orrs records. After laboratory log-in, samples will be stored in a secure room for the
duratj.on of the study. OnIy UWRI Environmental 0ualityAnalysis Laboratory personnel, under the supervision of
Joan Mclean, will have access to the samples once they
are in the laboratory.
CAIIBRATION AT.ID FREQUENCY
Each instrument will be calibrated in a manner consistentwith standard operating procedures referenced in Table5.L and 5.2. Calibration will be documented in acalibration log for that particular instrument andcalibration checks will be documented using Form II(Flgure 8.1). Calibration controls, using calibrationcheck samples, will be required for al1 analytical
operations for this proJect.
The project QA officer, Kathryn Farrell-Poe, will checkeach instrument calibration' record, as part of themonthly system audit, to verify that instrumental
operation is in control. Analytical problems with thecalibration procedure will result in correctj.ve actions
recommended by Darwin Sorensen, the project manager and'Kathryn Farrell-Poe, the proJect QA officer, before the
analyses continue.
8.1 Metal Analvsis
As recommended in sw-845 Method 7000 (usEPA, 1986), acalibration curve for each metal analysis will be
B-L7
8.0
\
o
OE
yL(U
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-
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E€
OE
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i
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TE'o-c
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a--o(t
r
x.c
t
t,ooC'ort
r
-ot,o.E.9=crEooE
ct
)Y[t
rUJ
tf
,
tr
IJ
JJ(L=CD
JAU)
\/UJ=trUJkozo-l-a-E()U)
UJoLUJ
-Ect
II
J

E
dHB=
ts
a
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cn
o
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II
J

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=g
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ui
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B-

18
O
Flgure 8. 1
. Foru II
q. C. Report No.
INITIAL AND CONTINUING CALIBRATION VERIFICATION3
CASE NO.
sot{ No.
UNITS: $glL
InlElaI Cal1b.l iionttnulnq C8llbraclon2
Tnre Valtrc I Potmi I Zn I Fonnd ZR lle Ehod4 I
I"AB NA}IE
DATE
Coupound
-
t{eCala:
l. Aluulnun
2. Antluon
3. Arsenlc
4. Barluu
5. BerryIllun
6. Cadutun
7 . Calcluu
6. Chrouiuu
9. Cobalt
10. Copocr
ll. Iron
'L2. Laad
[3. Me
'14. lla
15. lGrcu
16. Nlckel
Ll. Pocasslun
lE. Selenlrrm
19. Sllver
20. Sodlun
2L. Tttslllun
TL. Vauadtun
23. ZLnc
Other:
anlde
t rdctal
3 conerol
4 rndlcsEe
s1
ne
ua--
8e
C8llbrac1on Source 2 Conctnulng Cetlbrac,too Source
Llolse : lGrcury and tln E0-120; Other t{ecala 9(Ftl0; Cyanlde E5-ll5
Analyclcal lGthod Ueed: P - ICP; e - ffaui AA; F - Furnace AA
B- 19
8.2
determined at the start of the project using a blank andat least four standards. The response for each prepared
standard will be based on the average of three replicate
readings of each standard.
The instrument will be calibrated daily and each time theinstrument is set-up. The daily standard curves will
consist of a blank and at least three standards. Initialcalibration verification using the calibratj-on check
sample must fall within the control linits of 90-110* ofthe known value.
For cont,inuing verification calibration, the calibration
check sample and the calibration blank will be analyzedat a minimum freguency of 10t or every two hours, whichever is more frequent, and after the last sampleanalyzed. The analyzed concentration of the calibration
check sample must be within 90-L10* of the known vaIue.
A record will be made of the verification using Form II
(Figrure 8.1.). A record of calibration blank result,s willbe kept using Form III (Eigure 8.21. The calibrationblank must be less than the contract required detectionlimits (CRDL) .
Standards will be prepared from commercially purchased
1000 mg/L stock standards. Stock standards wiII bediluted, using Class A volumetric glassware, to theappropriate concentrations for generating a standardcurve. Standards will be prepared in the variousextracting solutj-ons to best match the matrix of thesamples. Standards will be prepared on a guarterly basisfor flame AA analysis. Standards for flameless AA
analysis will be prepared on a weekly basis.
Calibration check samples will be prepared from stocksolut,ions not used for naking standards. Reference
solut,ions provided by the USEPA will be commonly used forthis purpose. Calibration check samples will be dilutedwith the appropriate extracting solutions to mimic thematrix of the samples.
pll-nd-Bedor
The pH meter will be calibrated daily using commercially
purchased pH 7 and pH 9 buffer solutions.
The platinum electrodes, used for redox determinat,ion,will be calibrated using a pH 4 suspension of quinhydronein 0.1 U potassium acid phthalate.
The calibration for pH, and redox measurements will be
checked every 20 samples using a calibration check
B-20
I.AB NAME
DATE
InlElaI
Callbraclon
Coupound Blank Value
I'Iecals:
l. Aluuinutr
2. Antlmonv
3. Arsenic
4. Bariuru
5. Bervllf uo
6. Cadutuu
7 . calci.un
8. Chromluu
9. Coba1c
Contlnulng Callbratlon
.tz34
Fi-gure 8.2
Fora III
Q. C. Report No.
BIJU{KS
CASE NO.
UNI,TS
PreparaElon Blank
MaErlxs lltacrlx:--i-l--
o,10. Cooper
11. lron
L2. Lead
13. Ma sluu
14. llanganese
15. llercurv
16. Nlckel
L7. Pocasslum'
18. Selentum
19. Sllver
20. Sodluu
2L. Thalltun
22. Vanadlurn
23. ZLnc
Ocher:
anlde
aqueous r ut lL; solld uS/kgReporclng UntE,s 3
B-2 I
9.3
8.4
sample. Reference solutions are available from the USEPA
for pH. If calibratLon check samples are not within 90-
110 percent of the known value, corrective action will be
taken. A record wiII be made of the verification using
forms similar to those shown in Figure 8.1.
Sol-1 Particle Size DLstribution
ASTM L52H hydrometers, that are calibrated at 20oC
directly, in terms of soil solution concentration,
expressed as grams of soil per liter of solution, will be
used in this study. Correction of hydrometer readings
taken at other temperatures and for solution viscosity
and density effects will be made by taklng a hydrometer
reading in a blank solution.
Soil Organic Matter Content and Calcium
Carbonate Content
A standard curve will be prepared for each of these
measurements using a blank and at least three standard
concentrations at the start of the study. The responseof each prepared standard will be based on the average ofthree replicate readings of each standard.
Each procedure will be calibrated daily. The daily
standard curve will consist of a blank and at least t,hree
standards.
A calibration check sample and a calibration blank will
be analyzed at a minimum frequency of 20* and after thelast sample.The analyzed concentration of the
calibration check sample must be within 90-110* of the
known value and the calibration blank must be less than
the CRDL. A record will be made of the verification
using forms sLmilar to Figures 8.1 and 8.2.
Standards for the analysis of soil calcj-um carbonate
content are prepared using commercially available CaCO3.
The calibration check sample will be prepared
independently using reagents different from thecalibration standards.The concentrat ion of thecalibration check sample will be different from
concentrations used in the calibration curve, but it will
be within the range of the curve.
Standards for the organic matter content of soil will be
prepared using potassium acid phthalate. The calibration
check sample will be prepared ihdependent,Iy from reagents
different than those used for the st,andards and will
differ in concentration from the standards.
B-22
8.5
8.6
8.7
9.0
9.1
Soil Water Content
Drying ovens will be maintained at L03 *.2 oC throughout
the project to ensure meeting the QC objectives for soil
water content. A daily log of oven temperature will be
kept.
Anallrt i cal Ral anees
Analytical balances will be calibrated on a routine basiswith a set of certified weight,s and records will be keptin a logbook. The laboratories have yearly servj-ce
contracts on aII bal4nces.
Fi e1d Soi 1 lilater Content
SoiI moisture will be monitored using a neutron probe.
The probe will be calibrated for each soil horizon whereperiodic sampling for gravimetric moisture determinationwith a soil auger is possj.ble. For depth greater thanfive feet and where the material is too coarse to permit
hand augering, calibration will be limited to gravimetric
moist,ure det,ermination at the time of soil sampling.Calibration points wiII be taken from similar horizons atdifferent drilling sites
AIIATYTICAT PROCEDURES
All analytical methods are taken from either standard
methods for soil anal-ysis employed throughout the U.S. or
from recent refereed publications. All procedures usedin this project are referenced in Table 5.1 and 5.2.
Standard operat,ing procedures (SOPs) of methods not givenin standard references for soil analysis are. included
below.
Sample Preparation
The procedure to be used for preparation of soil samplesfor chemical analyses is described in detail in the studyplan. Procedures followed by soil testing laboratorj.es
throughout the United States for analysis of chemicalproperties of soil samples wiII be used to assure
comparability of the data.
Soi 1 Ana'l ysis for Physi ea] /Chemi ea] Propert i es
Methods for analysis of physical and chemical properties
of soil not specified in Sw-846 (USEPA, 1986) will be
conducted using standardized methods employed throughout
9.2
B-23
9.2.L
9.2.2
9.3
9.3.1,
the U. S; by state and federally operat,ed soil analysislaboratories and publlshed by the American Society ofAgronomy. Table 5.1 lists the measurements to be
conducted in this study along with their corresponding
methods and the source of the method.
Procedure for Cation Exchange Capacity
Method 9081 in SW-846 (USEPA, 1986) is taken from thefirst edition of Methods of Soil Analysis (Black, 1965).
The second edition (Page, L982) includes an additionalprocedure (Method 8-3) for determination of cation
exchange capacity (CEC) of arid soils. This method is
recommended by the Soil Science Society of America fordetermining CEC of soils which contain carbonates,gypsum, and zeolites. The method as outlined in thesecond edition represents an improvement to theestimation of CEC for the following reasons: Firstr dnadditional eguilibration with the saturating solution is
added to the new procedure which reduces the replacementof the saturating cation by calcium dissolving fromcalcite or gypsum. The normality of the saturatingsolution is reduced by half which also reducesdissolution of solid phases. Second, dissolution ofcalcite and gypsum and the subsequent replacement of Nawith Ca on the exchange sites, hydrolysis of Na, and lossof fine clay with decanting in the washing steps of
Method 90SL results in underestimat,Lon of CEC. The newprocedure is a two step process which eliminates washing
and this source of error.
Procedure for Redox Potential Determination
Because of the mobility of chromium (VI) oxyanions insoil, it Ls important to know the redox status of Lhesoil. Soil water from soil with signs of reducing
conditions will be analyzed for pH and redox potential as
described in the study plans and detailed in SOP 1101-87.The redox potential is determined using platinum
electrodes and a pH meter set to read in mV.
Metal Charac.teri -ati on
Total Metal Content of the Soil
SoiI saniples will be analyzed for the total concentrationof cadmium, chromium, silver, and lead using a nitric
acid-hydrogen peroxide digestion procedure described in
SI{-846, Method 3050 (USEPA, 1986) .
B-24
9.3.2
9.3.3
EP ToxLcity nxtraction
An EP toxicity extraction of the soils will be performed
using method 1310 in USEPA (1985) Sw-845. This
extractj.on procedure was designed to simulate the
leaching a waste might undergo if disposed in a sanitarylandfill and is commonJ,y used for that application. Thisprocedure has been recommeded (USEPA, 1986) for
determinlng the leachJ.ng potential of Cd, Pb, Agi and Cr,
among other metalsr from sanitary Iandfills. The
applicability of thls procedure for evaluating soils
contami.nated with metal waste in in alkaline environmenthas been questioned. The EP toxicity procedure will
however be included in this study to generate data using
a standard USEPA method.
CaLcium Nitrate Extraction
9.3.4
A calcium nitrate ext,raction procedure (SOP ILO2-87) willbe used to remove metals associated with soil ion
exchange sites.
Acetic acid-Sodium Acetate Eltracti-on
The acetate buffer extraction procedure of Tessier et al(L979) was developed to remove Cd, Co, Cu, Ni, Pb, F€,
and Mn associated with carbonates in sediments. The
obJective in using the acetate buffer in this study is to
remove metals associated with solid phases formed underalkaline conditions, including carbonates. Silver mayalso be associated with carbonates, either on the calcj-um
carbonate surfaces or precipitated as A92CO3. Because of
the solubility of all caronates in soils under acidconditj.ons, the acetate buffer at pH 5 will dissoLve
A92CO3, which is more soluble than either CdCO3 or PbCO3
(Lindsayt L9791. Trivalent chromium forms Cr(OH)3 under
alkaline conditions and does not form a discreteprecipitate with carbonate. Amorphous Cr(OH)3 may be
soluble under the conditions of this extraction. The
more crystalline form of Cr lOH) 3 will have stabilit,y
similar to iron oxy-hydroxides, which are not soluble atpH 5. Chromium not extracted by the acetate buffersolution is in forms, including crystalline Cr(OH)r, that
are very stable.
9.4 Soil Metal Sorption Capacity by Select Soils
SoiI columns will be used to demonstrate the potentialmobility of metals in contaminated soils and thepotential for metal retention by underlying
B-25
9.5
10.0
uncontamj.nated soils. The basic design of the column
study is t,aken from USEPA (1983). The procedures for thesoil column studies are detailed in SOP 1103-87 and SOP1104-8?. Column effluent will be collect,ed for cadmium,
Lead, silver, and chromium analysis and the column will
be sectioned at the end of the study for det,erminat,j-on oftotal metal (Method 3050i USEPA, 1986).
Metal Ana'l ysi s
Atomic absorption methods for metals analyses describedLn Sw-846 (USEPA, 1986) will be used for all metal
determinations. Method numbers are listed in Table 5.2.
DATA REDUCTION, VAI,IDATION AI{D REPORTING
The data reduction schemes for analytical measurements,including all equations used to calculate concentrationor values of measured parameters and reporting units are
contained in the standard methods referenced in Tables
5.1 and 5.2.
All measurement data wtll be promptly recorded in bound
laboratory notebooks, dated, and signed by the authorizedproject personnel making the measurement. AII datacollected during the st,udy wlll be entered into computer
data files as described in the study plEns.
Relatj-ve percent difference and percent recovery wilI be
calculated from analyses of replicates and spiked samplesand results wilI be reported on Forms v and VI,respectively (Figures 10.1 and L0.2lt and wt11 beincluded in control, charts. All daily precision and
accuracy data will be used to construct control charts.
Daily calibration curves and data from the analysis ofcalibration check and blank samples wilL be recordeduslng Forms II and III, stored in the computer and
compared with true values.
Analyses Ln which any measures of QC parameters faIl outof control of the data quality objectives outlj.ned insection 5.0 wiII be flagged as described in Figure 1.0.3,will be decLared outliers, and aII samples in that'analytJ.cal batch wiU. be repeated. For a full discussionof corrective action see section 15.0. AIl raw data and
0C data will be reported.
Alt data entrJ.es, both in the laboratory notebooks andthe computer will be reviewed by the project QC monitor,
Joan Mclean, who will check integrity of calculations,
B-26
Flgure 10.1
Foru V
Q. C. Report No.
SPIKE SA}IPLE RECOVERY
IJ\B NAT.IE CASE NO.
EPA Sauple
Lab Sauple
Uults
No.
ID No.
!{acr1x
Co4ound
tlec,als:
l. Aluntnuu
2. Anttnonv
3. Arsenlc
4. Barluu
5. Berylllua
6. Cadniun
7. Ca1cluu
8. Ctrronluu
9. Cobalt
ll. Iron
L2. Lead
14. Min
15. Hercu
16. Nlekel
L7. Potasstuu
18. Selenluu
19. Sllver
20. Sodtun
2L. Ttrallluu
22. Vanadlurn
23. Zlnc
Other:
d*:: ;:'::*";:::1'o'
x roo
-NBt - Nor requtred
CorentrE:
Spiked Sauole I SauoleSpiked Sauple I Sauole I Sotked I
- -
Resuts (ssR) I nesutr ( sR) I eaaea ( sA) I znt
75-LZ5
B-27
Figure 10.2
Forrn VI
Q. C. Report No.
DUPLICATES
IA8 NAI{E
DATE
CASE NO.
No.
l{atr1-
Cornpound Concrol Ltdtrl Saraplc ( S )Dtrpttcate(D)RPD2
llecalg:
l. Aluulnuu
2. Antl
3. Arsenlc
4. Barluu
5. Beryllluu
6. Caduluri
7 . Calcluui
8. Ctrroulun
9. Cobalc
10. Copper
ll. Iron
L2. Lead
13. llr 1uu
14. ltaneanese
15. llercu
16. Ntekel
L7. Pocagsluo
18. Selenlurn
19. Stlver
20. Sodtuu
2L. Itralllun
U. Vanadlnn
23. Zlnc
Ocher:
anlde
EPA Sauple No.
I.8b Sanple ID
Unlts
* Ouc of Concrol
I To be added aG a lacer dace.
NC - Non calculable RPD due to value(s )
2 RPD r tls - Dlt((s + D)tz)l x r.oo
lese E,han CRDL
.a
j .r o
B-28
Figure 10.3. ttOut-of-controlrr analysls data flag codes.
INORGANICS
I. SAMPLE HOLDING TIMES
A.METALS-6MONTHSB MERCURY - 30 DAYSC. CYAI{IDE .- T4 DAYSD. ACTION1) FIJAG AIrL POSITI\IE RESULTS J A![D OTHERS AS UJ.2l DO NOT FLAG SOIL/SEDTMENT SAMPLES BUT REPORT TO DPO.
II CALIBRATIONA. CHECK CALIBRATION RUN FREQUENCY A}ID RAW DATA.B. \IERIPY EPA QC SOLUTIONS WERE USED.
C. ICP
1)
2tDAA
r)
2t
CALIB.RATXON BLAI.TK AI.ID AT LEAST ONE STD MUST BE USED IN
ESSABI,ISIIING THE ANALYIICAL CUR\TE.
CONTROL LII'IITS ARE 90-i.108 OF TRUE VALUE.
CAIIBRATION BLA}IK'A!{D AT LEAST TIIREE STDS MUST
CONIROL LIMITS ARE 90-X10E OP TRUE VALUE. (Sn &
BE
IIg
USED
LIIIITS ARE 8O-120T )E. REVIE$I FORM II ATiID RAW DATA TO \IERIEY CONTROT LIMITS.F. ACTION IF CRITERIA NOT I'{ET. ..
INII IAI,, CALIBRATION :1) rF INITTAL CALTBRATTgN rS 50-89t OR 111-150.t Fr.AG
POSITI\IE HIIS ,fr ' 'joIE NOT DETECTED !AI{D >ITOI, No FLAG.I8 NOT DETEqTED AI{D <9OtI FX,AG UJ'IF <5OI A}ID >150t, FLAG R.
CONTINU ING CATIBRATION :
SREQUENCY OF lot OR E\TERY 2 HOURS, AT END OF A}IALYSIS.
STD EITITER EPA QC, NBS SRII{ 1643a, OR CONTRACTOR PRE-
PARED INDEPENDENT STD.
3) CONC. O8 STD NEAR MID RAI{GE OF CAL. CURVE.
. 4) CALIBRATION BLA}IK <CRDL.5) CONTROL TIMITS SAME AS INITIAL CAI,IBRATION (90-110t).
6} ACTIONS SAME AS INIEIAI, CALIBRATION.III. BI.A}IKS CEECK RAW DAIA ALSO .
A. ONE BLAIIK FOR EVERy 20 SAI'{PLES OR BATCH.B. CHECK IF BLANKS ARE <CRDI, - IF SO NO ACTIONI CHECI( RAW C'C. IF BI.A}IKS ARE )CRDL:1) FOR SAMPLES ASSOCIATED WITH THAT BI,ANK, THE CONCEN-
TRATION OB TUE SAI,IPLE WITE tHE LEAST CONCENTRATION OF
fEE ELEIT{ENT POUND IN TEE BLANK ITIUST BE >10X tHE BLAUK
CONCENIRAIION OR ALI, ASSOCIATED SAI'IPIJES MUST BE
REDIGESTED A\ID REAT.IALYZED.
2I IF EI,EMENTS ARE DETECSED IN SN{PIJES AT CONC. <5X NOUUU
IN BLA}IKI SLAG RESULTS J. ONIJY I8 LEVEL IN BLA}IK IS 2X
IDL OR >CRDL WHICH E\rER IS GREATER OTHERT{ISE'NO.FLAGS.IV. ICP INTERFEREIICE CBECK SAI'{PLE A}IALYSISA. REVIEW FORM IV A}ID VERIFY RESULTS ARE WITHIN 2OI OF !1EAI{.B. CEECK RAW DATA A}ID RECAI.ULATE lot OF DATA.C. \IERIFY CIIECK SAI'IPIJES RUN AT BEGINNING AIID END OF AI{ALYSISD. CUECK STD DEV. ON EORM IV.E. ACTION t RECO\IERIES
2t
3)
4l
r)
2t
B-29
Flgure 10. 3.,(Contlnued)
1) rF > 120 t AND dar'tpl,E RESULTS ARE (IDLI NO FLAG'
ARE >IDL, FLAG J.
UJ.
2I IT > 120I AND RESULTS3) rF 30..79*, FLAG J ORIF <3OE FLAG R.
F. CEECK RAW DATA1) FOR SALSE POSITI\TES ON EPA QC SAMPLE.IF EXIST, FLAG RESULTS SPECIFIC ELEMENIS J.2I FOR FAI..SE NEGATII/ES CHECK E'OR NEGATIVE RESULTS AT
-3X IDL, FI.AG UJ.3) IF FAI,SE DATA EXISTS. ET.EMENTS PRESENT AT >1OPP!,1 SUS.
PECT, INTERFERENCE EFE.ECTS. EXCEPT A]., CA, FE, AIID Mg.IF ELEI{ENT CONC. AllE >2X CRDL A}ID >10t OF SAVTPLE CONC.
FLAG DATA J.v. LABORATORY CONIROL SAI.IPLE AUALYSIS (LCS). A. REVIE'II FORM VII AND VERIFY RESUI,TS ARE WITHIN CONTRACT
CONTROL LI!,1ITS.B. SPOT CEECK RAW DATA TO 1ERITY DATA ON FORM VII.C. IE RESULTS DO NOT MEET CRITERIA. VERIEY CORRECTIVE ACTIOND. ACTION ''
1., IF LCS RECOVERY FOR AI{Y EIJEI1ENT IS WITHIN THE RA}IGE O!'.
30-798 OR >LzOt, TEEN FLAG POSITI\TE RESULTS J.2. I8 LCS RECO\IERY IS >120I FOR A NOT DESECTED.EIJEMENT,
NO FLAG IS USED. .,,. 3. rF ELEMENT IS'NOI DESECIED A\ID LCS RECO\rERY IS 3O-79t,. IEEN FLAG UJ. !-
4. rF LCS RECOVERY rS <30t, IEEN E'LAG R.VI. DUPLICATE SA!{PI.E AIIAIJYSIS
i. ',. A. At IJEAST ONE DUPLICAIE SAI1PLE MUSI BE AIIALIZED FROM EACU
GROUP OF SA}IPI,ES OP SII,III.AR MATRIX, CONCENTRATION, CASE
OR 20 SA!,TPI.ES.
FIELD BIJA}IKS CA}I NOT BE USED AS DUPLICATES.
RE:I/IEW FORM VI A}ID \ERIFY RESULTS
SPOE CHECK RAIT DATA
CONTROL LXMIT OE' 2Ot FOR SAMPLES WITU VALUES >5X CRDL.
FOR VALUES <5X CRDL, CONTROL LIMIT IS THE CRDL.
FOR RESULTS OUTSIDE TEE CONTROI, LI}IITS VERIPY THE
CORRECT USAGE OF 8EE * FIJAG ON PORMS I AIID VI.
ACSION1. IE' PROPER NUMBER OF DUPLICATES NOt AIIAIYZED, REJECT
DATA A}ID NOTIFY TEE DPO.2. IF AQUEOUS ATiTAIYSIS RESULTS F!J;L OUTSIDE LIMITS,
TEEN FLAG RESULTS J.3. FOR SOIL/SEDIMENT, CONTROL LIMITS ARE 35t OR CRDL.4. IB AQUEOUS DUPLICATE RESTILTS EXCEED 5OI RPD AND TEE,SA}IPIJE CONCENTRATION I'gvIEL IS >5X CRDL, IfggN SIJAG iI.5. IF SOIIJ/SEDII'IENT DUPLICATE RESULTS EXCEED l00t RPD
AT{D THE SAI,IPLE CONCENTRATION LE\IEL IS >5X CRDLI TBEN
E'LAG RESULTS J.
B.
A\-.
D.
E.
F.
G.
H.
VII. SPIKED SAMPLE A}IALYSISA. AT I,EAST ONE SPIKED
GROUP OF SAMPLES OE'
OR 20 SAI'IPLES.
SAI,IPI.E A}IALYSIS .MUST BE RUN ON EACH
srUlrLAR l,lATRrX, CONCENTRATION, CASE
B. FIELD BLA}IKS CAt{ NOT BE USED AS SPIKED SAI{PI.ES.
C. SPIKE MUST BE ADDED PRIOR TO DIGESTION IN AMOUNTS SPE-
CISIED IN CONTRACI.
a'
o FLgure 10.3. (Continued)
D. WIIEN SAMPLE CONCENTRATION IS <CRDLT SR=0 IS TO BE USED
FOR CALCULATING RECOVERY.
E. REVIEW E'OBM V A}iD SPOT CHECK RAW DATA.
F. \IERIFY CORRECT FLAGS ON FORMS I AND V.
G. ACUQNS1. IB RECO\TERY NOT WITUIN 75-I25T, SEEN FLAG, EXCEPT
W}IEN SAMPI.E CONCENTRATION EXCEEDS THE SPIKE CONCEN-
TRATION BY >4X.
2. I8 RECOVERY IS >125t AI{D SAI'IPLE RESUIJTS ARE <IDIJ,
TtsEN NO FLAG IS USED3. IE RECOVIERY IS >I25T AND SAMPLE RESULTS ARE )IDLI
IHEN EtAG RESULTS J.4. IF RECOVERY IS 3O-74I ON POSITIVE RESULTS, E'LAG
DATA J.5. IF RECO\IERY IS 30-74t ON NOf DETECTED RESULTS,
THEN FLAG UJ.
6. IE SAMPLE RESULTS <IDL A\rD RECOVERY IS <30t, IHEN
FIJAG R.
7 . IA SAMPLE RESULTS ARE POSITII/E A}ID RECO\IERY IS <30T,
SHEII FIJAG RESUIJTS iI.
DUPTJICATES A}ID SPIKES
REVIEW FSBNACE AA BAW DATA A}ID FORM VIII TO VERIBYRESULTS. ,
\ERI8Y REPORTED RESULIS;IBY CALCULATING AT LEASI 10t OF
DATA.
AA
H.
-I.
-rJ.ACTIONI. IF DUPLICATE INiTECTIONS HA\IE NOT BEEN RUN REJECT DATA.2. IE' RESULTS >zot AIID TEIRD RUN NOT'!1ADE" FLAG .r.
3. IF TUIRD RUN IS NOE <zot OF EITEER FIRST TWO RUNS
THEII FLAG RESULTS J.4. IB SPIKE RECOVERY IS <408 A}ID A DILUTION HAS NOE BEEN
RUN, TEEN FLAG RESULIS J.
5. IF SPIKE RECOVERY IS <TOt, THEN FLAG RESULTS R.5. IP MSA NOT RUN BUT REQUIRED FI,AG DATA J.
7. IF CORRELATION COEFFICIENT IS <0.995 AI.ID DUPLICATE
l'tSA NOT RUN, FIJAG RESULTS J.
8. IF DUPLICATE MSAS RUN A}ID ONE CORR. COE8. IS >0.995,
IIIEN SLAG RESULTS iI.
9. IF DUPLICATE MSAS RUN AI.ID BOTH CORR. COEF. ARE <0.995,
TEEN ELAG RESULTS R.
K. ICP SERIAL DII.UTIONS. 1, ONE SAMPI,E EROM EACE TYPEI CASE OR 20 SAMPLES MUSS
UNDERGO AT I,EAST OIIE SERIAL DILUTION.2. REI/IEW BAhI DATA TO CEECK SERIAT DITUTION WAS RUN.3. \IERIFY CORRECT BI.AGS REPORTED ON FORITI I.4. I8 IOT CRITERIA NOT I.IETI FI.AG DATA J.
VIII SAI.IPLE RESULT \TERIBICATION
A. FOR FURNACE AA, CEOOSE AT I,.EAST TWO PARAMETERS FOR COM-
PLETE VALIDATION. IF ERRORS OCCITR EVAITUAIE ALL DATA.
B. FOR ICP, CEOOSE AT IJEAST TWO PARAMETERS FOR CO}IPI.'ETE
VALIDATION, IP ERRORS OCCT'R REVIEW TWO MORE PA&A}{ETERS ,
THEN RSVIEW AI.L DATA IF ERRORS OCCUR.
C. 8OR BIrAI'1E AA, 10t OF DATA IS EO BE VERIE'IED, IB ERRORS
OCCUR EVALUATE AI..L DATA.
B-31
l.
Flgure 10. 3, (Contlnued)
,.i. ' l,'
D. MERCURY AND CYAIIIDE DATA IS 1OOT VAIIDATED.
8.. PERCENT SOLIDS 100t VALIDATED.IX. ADDITIONAIJ EVALUATIONA. REVIEW AI,L DELIVERABLESB. REVIEW CALIBRATION/MSA CUR1TES.C. VERIFy LINEAR RAI.IGE (QUARTERLY FORM Xi) .D. EXAMINE RAW DATA BOR AIIY AIIOI'IALIES.E. 1IERIFY TLAGS ON E.ORI.{ I.E. COMPARE FURNACE AA At{D ICP RESULTS.G. ACTION1. IT RECALCT'I,ATED RESULTS AI{E WITHIN ].OI NO ACTION IS
REQUIRED.2. IB RECAICUI,ATED RESULTS ARE >].08, CONTACT I,AB }'OR
\IERIEICATION, IF ERROR IS CONPIRMED REQUEST RESUBMIS-
SION OF CORRECTED DATA SEEETS. SUMI,IARIZE AI"L CONTACTS
WITS IJAB USING CLP TEI"EPITONE LOG. AI.'SO IF OTSER PROB-
LEMS OCCUR CONTACT I.AB TOR RESUBMISSION A}ID INCI.UDE
ALL TELEPHONE I"OGS IN QA REPORT.
t,. a''' 15
!t
'a
a
a-.4.
o
B-32
11.0
1L.1
LT.2
and verify completeness and correctness of data on a bi-weekly basis. As part of the monthly system audit,
Kathryn Farrell-Poe, the project QA officer, will examineall data records to verify completeness of data by
comparison with the appropriate analytical data quality
objectives.
INTERNAT QUAIITY CONTROL CHECKS AI\ID FREOUENCY
Laboratory Certification
Utah State University will use two of its laboratories,
both of which will be certified by the Utah Department ofHealth, Bureau of Laboratory Improvement for analysis of
environmental samples. At present (January 1989) one ofthe laboratories to be used in this study, the Soil,Plant, and V{ater Testing Laboratory, is certified(certificate B-97; June L9, 1987). Paramet,ers thisIaboratory is certified to analyze are listed in Figure11.L. The Utah Water Research Laboratory (UWRL) is inthe process of renewing its certification for allparameters listed in Table 11.1 and will be fullycertified by the start of the study.
The analyses'being performed at each laboratory are]isted Ln Tab1e 1L.2. All routine soil analyses w111 beperformed at the Soil Testing Laboratory, whereas, allextraction and analysis of metals will be done at the
UWRL. The certifLcatlon program for both laborat.orieswilI be continued throughout this project with analysisof bi-annual audit samples distributed by the Utah
Department of Hea1th, Bureau of Laboratory Improvement.
Laboratory Operations OC
Performance audits wiII be conducted by the QA officer,
Kathryn Farrell-Poe. AI1 laboratory personnel invoLvedin chemical analysis will run audit samples prior to thestart of the project, monthly throughout the project, andat the end of the proJect. Calculation of precision andaccuracy data for these samples wi]I demonstrate theability of laboratory personnel to perform the analysis
and determine whether the analysis meets the project's
0A/QC objectives of the project for accuracy andprecision (see section 5.1).
When results, are out of control, steps will be taken todetermine the cause. First, calculations will bechecked. Then the instrument will be evaluated forproper set-up. Technician will be interviewed by the 0Aofficer and the 0A monitor to determine whether the
B-33
url}l
tr'lpure 11 . I Norman l'{.
June 19, 1987
David hl . James, Ph.D., Director
Utah State Un i vers i ty; Soi I , Plant
and l,rlater Analysis Laboratory
Utah State Un i vers i ty
Logan, Utah 84322-483A
Ce;'ti f rcate
Labo ra to ry
Dr. Jamel: )
Havi ng been surveyed and f ound i n 'compl i ance
f or certi f i cati on, the laboratory I i sted i s hereby
Suzanne Dandoy, M.D.,
No. :
Class:
E-g 7
wi th the regui rements
cert i f i ed to perf orm
tests ln environmenta'l chemlstry for the parameters Iisted:
l!t 'aa
l'
I{ETALS'I,I I NERA LS
Al umi num
Arsen i c
Boron
Cadmi um
Calcium
Chromi um
Coba I tCopper .
I ron
Lead
ilagnes I um
Ha nga nes e
Ho'f ybdenum
N i cke'l
Potassium
Sel en i um
Sod i um
Zi nc
The effecti ve date
parameters for which a
pH
Ca'l c i um
Chl ori de
Hagnes i um
Potassium
Sod i um
Speci Fic Conductance
Su'l f a te
Tota'f A'l ka'l inity
Total Ha rdness
NUTR I ENTS
Ni trate
0rthophosphate
TotaI Phosphorus
for this certificate is June
laboratory i s certi fi ed at any
lg, 1997. The
given time will
I .':'::c:Friniis.trt
B-34
be
Table 11.1 Parameters to be certified for by the Utah Water
Research Laboratory.
Cadmium
Chromium
LeadSilver
Mi nera'l s
pH
Specific Conductance
Nutrt ent.s
AmmoniaNitrate
Orthophosphate
Tota1 Phosphorus
Ha-ardous Charaeteri st i e Test i ng
E.P . Toxicity-Inorganics
Halogenated Volatile Organics
Nonhalogenated Vo1ati Ie Organics
Aromatic Volatile Organics
Phenols
Polynuclear Aromatic Hydrocarbons
B-35
Table LL.2. DLvislon of analytical work between the Utah Water
Research Laboratory (UWRL) and the Soil, Plant, and
Water Analysis Laboratory (Soil Testing Laboratory).
Analysis UT{RL Soil Testing Laboratory
Soil pH
CEC
Organic Carbon
CaCO3
Bulk DensityParticle Size
Redox
Tota1 Metals Digestions
Seguential Extractions
EP Toxicity
Column Studies
Metals Analyses:
Cadmium
Lead
ChromiumSilver
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
x
B-36
1L.3
technician fully understands t,he procedures used. The
technician. will be retraLned if necessary.
Duplicates and cpikec
In all analyses, duplicate samples will be spiked with
standard material, when available (see discussion insection 5.1.21, and percent recovery and relative errorwill be calculated to demonstrate whether the analysis isperformed wlth the required precisj.on and accuracy tosatisfy the QA/QC obJectives. The objective of duplicatespiking of samples is to determine the ext,ent of matrixbias or interferences on analyte recovery (accuracy) and
sample-to-sample precision (USEPA, 1986)
On a datly basis, spiking and duplicate analyses will beperformed on a minimum of 20 percent of the samplesr oE
once in every analytical batch in less than 20 samples,in an effort, to insure accurate results. For extract,ionprocedures not taken from standard references, spiking
and duplicate analyses will be performed on a minimum of10 percent of the samples. Choice of the samples forspiking wil] be selected in a random, unbiased manner.
The spiking procedure will be as follows: -
A.smalI volume, less than 500 lllr, of standardsolutLon will be added to either the soil sampleprior to extraction or to a known volume ofextractJ.ng sample (10 mL typically). The type ofspiking procedure for each analysis in thls study isspecified in Table 5.3 The concentration of thespiking solution will be such that the finalconcentration of the analyte in the spiked samplewill be approximately 1.5 to 2 times theconcentration of the analyte in the unspikedsolution and will cover the linear range of the
analysis.
Spike sample recoveries will be recorded using Form V(Figure 10.1). Percent recoveiy will be caLculated as:
*R = [ (SSR-SR) /Sa] *100
rhere SSR ls the spiked sample concentration, SR is the
unspiked sample concentration and SA is the concentrationof analyte added.
AIl daily spiking data should agree with cont,rol limitsspecified in Form V (Figure L0.1). ResuLts that areoutside of the control limit will be flagged as indicatedin Figure 10.3.
B-37
LL.4
For some measurements, such as soil pH and cation
exchange capacity and soil physical properties, asindicated in Table 5.3, it is possible to determine
precisJ.on but not accuracy because of the unavailabilityof standard substances that can be added in knownguantities on which a percent recovery can be calculated
(APHA, 1985). For these tlrpes of analyses a soil control
sample will be used as a measure of the accuracy of a
batch analysj.s as described in section 5.1.2 above.
When a result is out of control, corrective action
described in section 15.4.3 below will be taken. If noneof these procedures bring the analysis back into control,the project manager, Darwin Sorensen and the project Qaofficer, Kathryn Farrell-Poe, will be notified to decide
on further action.
Duplicate sample resuLts will be reported in Form VI(Figure L0.21. The relative percent deviation (RPD) will
be calculated as follows:
( ts+D1 /2) *100RPD = [S-P] /
where S is the concentration of analyte in the sample andD is the concentration of the analyte in the duplicate
sample.'
QA/QC goals for precision are listed in Form Vf (Figure10.21. When a result falls outside of the control limit,the value will be flagged as is indicated in Figure 10.3
and corrective action described in section L5.4.4 will be
taken
Blanks
Blank samples will include:
Field blanksTrip blanks
Reagent blanks
Field and trip blanks will b6 processed along with allother soil samples. Section 15.4.5 describes correctiveaction if field or trip blanks are determined to be
contaminated.
To ensure that contamination from glassware, othermaterials, or reagents is not interfering with sampleanalysis, a reagent blank will be run prior to any samplerun. For this reagent b1ank, aII analytical operatj.onsusing the specified materials and reagents wilL be
performed in the absence of sample substrate. A reagent
B-38
blank will be run every 20 samples or once in any batchwith less than 20 samples.
If the reagent blank shows significant interferences,that is if the concentration of the reagent blank is
above the Contract Reguired Detection Limit (CRDL),
materials and reagents will be replaced before additional
samples are prepared. Samples out of control will beflagged as specified in FJ,gure 10.3. Records of all
blank analyses will be kept on Form fII (Figure 8.21.
1L.5 Laboratory Control Sanples
- Each analytical batch of twenty samples will contain aIaboratory control sample (LCS). For non standard
11.5
analytical procedures one in every ten samples will be aLCS. The LCS is a blank which has been spiked with t,heanalyte from an independent source, usually USEPA QCsolutions, in order to monitor the execution of theanalytical method. All LCS results must, fall within thecontrol limits of 80-120t of the known va1ue. If Eheresults are out of control corrective action described insection L5.4.5 will be taken. Records of LCS analyseswill be kept on Form VII (Figure LL.zl .
Instrrlnent Set-Up
Requirements and procedures for instrument set-up areinstrument and method dependent. AnaLyticalinstrumentation will be set-up in accordance with
requirements which are specific to the instrumentation
procedures employed.
For flame AA a Perkin-E1mer AA 5000 has been set-up asspecified by the manufacturer. Thls instrument is
eguipped with a deuterlum lamp for background correctionin the UV and a tungsten lamp for background correctionin the visibLe region. Background correction will be
used at all times.
The element and background .correction lamps will beallowed to yrarm up for a minimum of L5 minutes.' The
monochrometer will be positioned at the correct
wavelength, the monochrometer sLit yridth wilL then beselected, and the element lamp will be aligned. The
flame will then be ignited, selecting an appropriate fuelto oxLdant ratLo for the specific element. The burner
head and nebulizer flow rate will be adjusted for maximum
absorbance and stability. A calibration curve consistingof a blank and at least three standards will then be
analyzed and results compared with the original curve
generated at the start of the study (see section 8.1- for
B-3 9
-, -, .. - .. ..'' : ' . '' ' : " ' t t "''---'i;" " ' -
I.A8 NA}IE
Flgure 11. 2
. Fom Vll
q.C. Report No.
INSTRT'I{E}IT DEIEgTIOTI LU{ITS ATID
I.ABORATORY CONTROL SAIIPI.E
cAsE !;0.DATE
LCS N0.
Coupound
-llecals:
l. Aluulnutr
2. Anttmon
3. Arsentc
4. Ba rlurn
t5. Berylllun
6. Cedniui
7. Calctun
8. Ctrroulno
ll. Iron
L2. lcad
13. DIa esluu
14. lla enese
15. ltercu
16. Ntckel
L7. Pocassttrn
18. Selenlurn
19. Stlver
20. Sodluu
ZL. ltalltuo
22. Vanadlun
?3. Zlnc
Ocher:
Cyanlde
Reoulred DececElon Instruoent, DeE,ecElon
ICP l* Furnace
ID'I ID'T
I"a b Conc, rol Sauple
It us/k(clrcle one )Found tR
O e. **ri
10. Cooper-
a
NR - Noc requlred
B-40
o
fu11 discussion)A daily 1og of the lamp energy,instrument gain, calibration curves, and calibration
check and blank samples readings will also be used to
assess instrument performance at the start of analysis.ff any of these factors is not in line with expectedresults, the instrument will be re-adJusted. If thisfaiIs, the operating technician wilI inform the QCmonitor, Joan Mclean. If necessary a service call from
Perkin-E1mer (Salt Lake City, Utah) will be obtained.
Arralysis of low concentrations of metals will be carriedout using a Perkin-E1mer HGA'graphite furnace AAaccessory with an automated sampler.Back ground
correction is achleved using the Zeeman effect. Theprogram sequence for sample drying, ashing, and
atomization is dependent on the nature of the sample and
as such can not be specified at this time. Recommended
conditions gJ.ven in Perkin-Elmer (L982) and USEPA (1986)will be used as initial conditions. Furnace conditionswlII be modified to optimize atomic absorption peakareas. The Perkin-Elmer 7000 computer will be used totake data from the AA. Once optimum furnace conditions
are set, a calibration curve consisti.ng of a blank and atIeast three standards will be analyzed in duplicate andthe resuJ.t,s compared wlth the original curve generated atthe start of the study (see section 8.1 for ful1discussion). A daily 'Iog of the lamp energry, instrumentgain, calibration curves, and calibration check and blank
samples readings, using Forms II and III, and will also
be used to assess instrument performance at the start ofanalysis. If any of these factors is not in line with
expected results, the instrument will be re-adjusted. Ifthis fails, the operating technician wi]L inform the 0Cmonitor, Joan Mclean. Instrument service is available
from Perkln-Elmer (SaIt Lake City, Utah) if necessary.
Calibration
Analytical instrumentation will be calibrated in
accordance with requirements which are specific to theinstrument employed. Standard curves used in the
determinatj.on of -metals wili be prepared as follows
(usEPA, L986) :
Calibration controls, using check samples, will be,required for all analytical operations for this pro ject.
Each instrument will be calibrated in a manner consistentwith standard operating procedures referenced in Table5.1 and 5.2. CalibratLon will be documented in acalibration 1og for that particular instrument.
Il .7
B-4 L
The project 0a off5.cer, Kathryn Farrell-Poe will check
each instrument calibration record, as part of themonthly system audit, to verify that instrumental
operation is in control. Bi-weekly checks of calibration
records will be made by the 0C monitor, Joan Mclean.
Analyt,ical problems with the calibration procedure willresult in corrective actions recommended by Darwin
Sorensen, the proJect manager and Kathryn Farrell-Poe,
the project QA officer, before analysis continues.
As recommended in Sw-846 Method 7000 (USEPA, 1986), acalibration curve for each metal analysis wl11 be
determined at the start of the project using a blank andat least four standards. The response for each prepared
standard wtll be based on the average of three replicate
readings of each standard.
The instrument will be calibrated daily and each time the
instrument is set-up. The daily standard curves must bewithin tL0 percent (USEPA, L985) of the original curve. Acalibration check sample and a blank will be analyzed
every ten samples or every two hours, which ever is themore frequent. The analyzed concentration of thecalibratLon check sample mgst be withLn 90-110t of the
known value and the blank must not exceed the CRDL. A
record wtll be made of the verification using Forms II
and If f (Figrures 8.1 and 8.21 .
If the results of the verification ls out of control, a
new standard will be prepared and analyzed. If theresults of the second verification is not wit,hin 90-1-10tof the known value, Darwin Sorensen and Kathryn Farrell-
Poe will be notified and analysis will stop until the
probJ.em has been identified and solved.
Standards wilL be prepared from commercially purchased
1000 mg/L stock standards. Stock standards will bediluted, using Class A volumetric glassware, to theappropriate concentrations for generating a standardcurve. Standards will be prepared in the variousextracting solutions to best, match the matrix of the
samples. Standards will be prepared on a quarterly basisfor flame AA analysis. Standards for flameless AA
analysis will be prepared on a daily basis.
Calibration check samples wil} be prepared from stocksolutions not used for making standards. Reference
solutions provided by the USEPA will commonly be use forthis purpose. Calibration check samples will be dilutedwith the appropriate extracting solutions to mimic thematrlx of the samples.
B-42
The pH meter will be calibrated daily using commercially
purchased pH 7 and pH 9 buffer solut,lons. The platlnumelectrodes, used for redox determination, will becalibrated using a pH 4 suspension of guinhydrone in 0.1
M potassium acid phthalate. The calj-bration for each of
these measurements will be checked every 20 samples usinga calibration check sample. Reference solutions areavailable from the USEPA for pH. If calibration check
samples are not within 90-110 percent of the known vaIue,corrective action wilL be taken. A record wiII be madeof the verifj,cation using forms similar to those shown in
Figrure 8.1.
l-1-.8 Deteetion l.imits and Ouantifieation Limits
The detection limit is the lowest concentration of ananalyte that the analytical procedure can reliablydetect. The quantification limit is the lowest levelthat can be reliably achieved within specified limits ofprecision and accuracy during routine laboratory
operating conditions.
Detection limits, sensitivity and optimum lj.near rangefor cadmium, Iead, chromium, and silver are listed in
Tab1e l.l. . 3 (USEPA, 198 5) . As stated in Sw- 84 6 (USEPA
1986), detection llmJ.ts, sensitivlty, and optimum linearrange of metals will vary with the sample matrix.Contract required detection limits are listed in Form Xf(Figure 11.3) .
The actual detection limit and quantification limit ofeach metal will be evaluated for each new matrixencountered, i.e. extracting solution. MuLtiple
determinations (at least 20 readings) of each extractingsolution-soil medium with no detectable analyte will beused to establish the noise level. The method of
standard additlons wlll then be used to deterrnlne thecalibration curve using this extracting solution. Theslope of the calibration curve, m, will be used tocalculate the detection limit and the quantificationlimit for that medium usJ.ng the following relatj.ons:
MDL = KSg/m
m = slope of the calibration curve
SB = standard deviation of the average noise
leveIForK=ForK=
The instrument detection limits for cadmium, Iead,
chromium, and silver in each matrix will be reported on a
3;
E,.Jt
MDL = method detect,ion limit
MQf, = method qpantitation limit.
B-43
Table l, L . 3 . Detection limit, sensitivity and
for cadmium, Iead, chromiulltr and
f lame and graphite furnace
spectrophotometry (USEPA, L985) o
optimum linear rangesilver determined byatomic absorpt ion
Metal
Analytical
Iilavelengrth
(nm)
FIame Furnace
(mg /t ) (pg /Ll
Linear RangeFlame Furnace
(ms /t) (ps /Ll
FIame
(mg /Ll
Cadmium
Chromium
Lead
Silver
228.9
357. 9
283.3
328.L
0.005
0 .05
0.1
0.0L
0.L
].
1
0.0 25t
0.025
0.25
0.5
0.06
0.05-2 0 .5-L00.5-1,0 5-10L-20 5-L00
toetection limit usi.ng Perkin-E1mer graphite furnace procedures as
described in: S1avLn, Iil., G. R. Carnrick, D. C. Manning, and E.Pruszkowska. 1983. Recent experiences with the stabilized
temperature platform furnace and Zeeman background correct,ion.
Atomic Spectroscopy 4 (3):69-86
B-44
a
a
Flguie 11.3
Forn XI (Quarrerly)
INSTRU}TENT DETECTION LIUITS
DATEIAE NA}18
LCP I Flane AA ( Cf rcle One ) Ilodel Nuober Furnace AA Nuuber
o
Eleuens l{evelength CRDL IDL Eleuenc HevelengEh CRDL IDL
(nu (ug/ L us/L)(na ue/L)ug,lL
I
Potass luu I
18. Seleniuu
Fgoc,noEes 3 o Iadlcate che lnstnraenc for whlch the IDL appllea wlgh a 'P- (for ICP),
ro 'A' (for Fleoc AA), or 8n -F' (for Furnace AA) behlnd the IDL vslue.
Iudlcaec elcncnes couonly rus rlGh background correccton (AA) rtgh
I 'B' bchlnd che analyclcsl uavelengEh.
lf uore then oac ICP/Flrnc or Futnacc AA 1s urcd, subals sep8raceFotrr XI-XIII for ereh lscBnncnE,.
@IoltsT{TS:
l. AluuinuE
2. Antlnonv
3. Arsenlc
I4. Barluu I
I5. Bervllluu I
6. Cadnluo
7. Calcluu
E. Chrotnluo
Cobalt
10. Co
I I .' Iron
LZ. Lead
13. Masnesluo
14. ttanganetc
15. llercury
16.Nlckel I I 40
19. Sllver
20. Sodirrn
21. Ttralllun
22. Vanadluo
23. Zlnc
o'I
B-45
L,8b !{anager
L2.0
13.0
daily basis using Form vII (E'igure LL.2) and on aguarterly basis using Form XI (Figure 11.3). Instrument
detection limits must be below CRDL listed in From XI.
PERFORMANCE AI{D SYSTEM AUDTTS
Kathryn Farrell-Poe will carry out performance and systemaudits to ensure that data of known and defensiblequatity are produced during the project. System auditsare gualitative evaluations of all components of field
and laboratory guality control measurement systems. They
determine if the measurement systems are being usedappropriately. The audit will be carried out before all
systems are operational, during the program on a monthlybasis, and after the completion of t,he project. Suchaudits will involve a comparison of the activities givenin this QA/QC plan with those actually scheduled or
performed.
The performance audit is a guantitative evaluatj.on of the
measurement systems of the project. It will requiretesting the measurements system with samples of known
composition to evaluate precision and accuracy. The
performance audit will be carried out by Kathryn Farrell-
Poe without notifying the technicians involved in theanalysis. Audits will be conduct,ed at the beginning ofthe project, rnonthly during the project, and at the'endof the project
PRE\IENTAT IVE I{AINTE}iIANCE
An established preventive maintenance progran is in placefor each instrument used in this project, developed
according to the manufacturerrs recotnmendations. This
program includes an inventory of spare parts (fuses, pH
electrodes, conductivity cells, nebulizers, aspiratingtubing, graphite furnaces, etc. ) . Less freguentlyrequired parts can be obtained from instrument
manufactures within three working days in most cases.
The laboratorj.es have eguipment maintenance funds whichare used for salaries for staff personnel ormanufacturers representatives to perform equipment
maintenance activities.
SPECIFIC ROUTINE PROCEDT'RES USED TO ASSESS
DATA PRECISTON, ACCURACY AriID COMPLETENESS
To ensure the best possible quality of the data, thefollowing considerations will be met at all time: use ofprofessionally trained staff with experience in
14 .0
B-4 5
15.0
15. L
L5.2
15.3
conducting the described work, use of appropriate
equipment and facilities, use of documented experimentalprocedures, calibration of equipment and frequentverification of equipment performance, complete anddetailed record keeping, and statistical assessment ofguality of the data
A fuIl description of aII routLne procedures used to
assess the precision, accuracy, and completeness of the
measured data is given in section 11. This section
includes the equations used to calculate precision andaccuracy, and the methods used to gather data forprecision and accuracy calculations.
CORRECTTVE ACTION
The need for correctlve action may be identified bysystem or performance audits or by standard QCprocedures. The essential steps in the corrective action
system are described below.
Identifieation and Definition of the Problem
Corrective action will be required if and when analytical
data is determined to be out of cont,ro]. An analyticalbatch wt1l be considered to be .out of control whenreplicate samples, spiked samples, calibration blanks
reagent blanks, field or trip blanks, standard curve,calibration check samples, Iaboratory control samples oraudit samples fail to meet the criteria outlined in
sections 11.3 through 11.5 (see Forms II, V, VI) or when
a system audit shows deviation from the QA/QC pIan.
Assignment of Responsibility for
Tnvestigatingr the Problem
The project guality assurance officer, Kathryn Farrell-
Poe, or the grrality control monitor, Joan Mclean, wii-l be
the responsible for initiating reguired corrective action
and for investigating the analytical problern.
Investigation and neterrnination of the
Cause of the Problem
&[hen an analysis is determined to be out-of:control,
steps wiII be taken to determine the cause. FirsE, MS.
Mclean is to determine whether a calculation error has
been made. Then the instrument used in the inalysis will
be checked to see if it is performing to specifications.
The indicators of being out of control will be a clue tothe problem. For example, check samples reading wrong
may Lndlcate the instrument is not properly set-up oro
B-47
standards are bad; if duplicates are not within precisionIimits, there may be a problem with extraction procedure- or contamination; if spike recovery is outside aeceptablelimits, matrix interferences may be expectedi or if
blanks are too high, contamj.nation has probably occurred.
L5.4 Determination of a Correetive Aetion to
Eliml-nate the Problem
L5. 4.t
If the problem area is:
System audit
Kathryn Farrell-Poe, the QC officer, will meet with
Darwin Sorensen and Joan Mclean to determine why theproject has deviated from the goals outlined in the QA/QCpIan. Immediate steps will be taken to correct
discrepancies.
Performance audits and calibration check samples
If results of a performance audit or of the dailycalibration check sample are out of control, as indicatedby flagged values in Form II (Flgure 8.1), causes mayinclude, j,nstrument malfunction or improper set-up, bad
standards, or technician error. The first step will beto check j.nstrument performance. The instrument will be
set-up again under direct supervision. If this does notbring the system back into control, then standards wil,I
be re-made and analyzed. If the problem is technicianerror, the technician will be re-trained and put througha rigorous 0C check before he/she can contj.nue with the
sample analyses.
Accuracy
$Ihen a result is out of control, as j.ndicated by flagged
values in Form V (Figrure 10.1), for spiked samples, steps
L5. 4 .2
l_5. 4.3
will be taken to determine the cause.First,calculations will be checked. Then the instrument willbe checked for proper set-up'. The sample (s) will bereanalyzed. If these steps do not bring the sample intocontrol, then the spiked sampJ.e will be prepared againand analyzed. It may be necessary at this tine toprepare fresh standards. If all of the above proceduresdo not bring the analysis into control, then the QCmonitor is to be notified. Joan McLean will decide
whether matrix interference problems can be dealt withusing such procedures as sample dilution or artificialmatrix, etc. (USEPA, 1986). If no alternative method isavailable, analysis will be performed by standardaddition. AIl samples analyzed in the batch with a
B-4 8
o
1,5.4.4
L5.4.5
1,5. 4 .5
sample out of control will be reanalyzed by the procedure
used to bring the sample back into control.
Precision
When a result for duplicate Enalysis falIs out ofcontrolr ES Lndlcated by flagged values in Form vI(Figure L0.21 , steps will be taken to determine thecause. First, calculations will be checked. Then
instrument performance will be evaluated. The sampleswill be reanalyzed. If these procedures do not bring the
samples back into control, theh all samples in theanalytical batch will be prepared again and analyzed. If
none of these procedures bring the analysis back intocontrol, the project manager, Darwin Sorensen and theproject QA officer, Kathryn Farrell-Poe, will be notifiedto decide on further action.
Blank contaminatLon
If either the field or trip blanks show signs of beingcontaminated, the source of contamination will beinvestigated and corrective action taken. All samplescollected on the day that contamination occurred will bere-sampled. If more than one set of field or trip blanks
show signs of contamination, sampling will be stoppeduntil the source of contamination can be found and
eliminated.
If the reagent blanks shows contamination durlnganalysis, materials and reagents used to make that blankwill be replaced before additional samples are prepared.Also, glassware and sample preparation will be re-
evaluated to ensure that cont,amination is not occurringin these processes. Samples prepared with contaminatedreagents will be discarded, and samples will be
reprocessed.
Laboratory control sample analysis
The inability of the laboratory to analyze a LCS isindicative of analytical problems related to thedigestion/extraction sample preparation procedures and/orinstrumentation operations. If the calibration check
sample is out of control within the same analytical batchanalysis, this would indicate that the problem may bewith the instrument or technician performance.
Corrective action will be taken as described in sect,ion15.4.1. If the calibration check sample is within thecontrol limits, the problem may be with thedigestion/extraction procedure. At this point the LCSwill be prepared again and analyzed. If this fails tobring the measurement back into control, the procedure
B- 49
L5.4.7
L5.4 .8
L5.4.9
15.0
will be reevaluated to determine whether there are pointswithin the procedure susceptible to contamination or lossof the analyte. If none of these procedures bring theanalysis back into control, the project manager, Darwin
Sorensen and the project QA officer, Kathryn Farrell-Poe,will be notified to decide on further action. All
samples analyzed in the batch with the sanple out ofcontrol will be reanalyzed by the procedure used to bringthe sampled back into control.
Assigning and accepting responsibility for
implementation of the corrective action
Each technician will be responsible for implementing thecorrective action.
ImplemenEing the corrective action and
evaluatLng its effectiveness
The technician will carry out the corrective actj-on andwill evaluate its effectiveness using standard QCprocedures.
Verifylng the corrective action has
eliminated the problem.
If guality control crLtenLa can be consistently met, theanalysis is back in control. Joan Mclean will consultwith the technician to ensure that all corective actionpolicies are being foll-owed and that the analysis istruly back in control.
The QA officer, Kathryn Farrell-Poe, wiII ensure that,these steps are taken and that the problem which led tothe corrective action has been resolved.
OUAIITY ASSURN.ICE REPORTS
After the first 5 months of the study, a report of QA/QCactivities will be made to the project manager, Darwin
Sorensen. and to the data requestor, Morton Thiokolr oothe performance of the measurement system and the dataguality. At a minimum, this report will include:
(1) Periodic assessment of measurement quality' indicators, i.e. data accuracy and precision, and
completeness,.
(21 Results of performance audits;
(3) Results of system audits;-o
B-50
L7.0
(4) S igni ficant
solutions.QA problems and recommended
The final project report, to be submitted to MortonThiokol, will also include a separate Qa section which
summarizes data quality information contained in the 6
month report. Kathryn Farrell-Poe and Joan Mclean will
be responsible for these QA reports. AII reports will be
reviewed by Dr. Ronald Sims, chalrman of the Division of
Environmental Engineering at Utah State University, toassure that they clearly and accurately express thefindings of the study.
REFERENCES
APHA. 1985. Standard methods for the examination ofwater and wastevrater. 16th edltion. American Public
Health Association, Washington, DC.
Barth, D. S. and B. J. Mason. L984 Soi I sampl ingguality assurance user's guide. EPA-600/4-84-043. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Las Vegas, tiIV.
Black, C. A. (ed.) 1965. Methods of soLl analysis, part2: chemical and microbiological properties. American
Societ,y of Agronomy, Madison, wI.
Lindsay, W. A. L979. Chemical equilibria in soi1s.
John Wiley and Sons, New York, NY.
Page, A. L. (ed.) L982. Methods of soil analysis, part2: chemical and microbiological properties. Secondedition. American Society of Agronomy, Madison, WI.
Perkin-Elmer. 1982. Instructions. Zeeman/5000 system.
Perkin-E1mer Corporation, Norwa1k, CT.
Tessier, A., P. G. C. Campbell, and M. Bisson. L919.
Sequential extraction procedure for the speciation ofparticulate trace metals. AnaI. Chem. 51:844-850.
USEPA.(Undated)Laboratory data validation.FunctLonal Guidelines for evaluating inorganicsanalyses. U. S. Environmental Protection Agency,Office of Emergency and Remedial Response,
WashingrEon, DC.
USEPA. L979. Methods for chemical analysis of water andwastes. EPA-600 / 4-79-020. U. S. EnvironmentalProtection Agency, Environmental Monitoring and
Support Laboratory, CJ.ncinnat,i, OH.
B-5L
USEPA. 1983. Hazardous waste land t,reatment. SW-874.
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of SoIid
Waste and Emergency Response. Washingrt,on, DC.
USEPA. 1986. Test methods for evaluating solid waste:physical/chemical methods. Third edition. SW-846.U. S. Environmental Protection .Agency, lilashington, DC.
B-52
o
H E;g
EBH
{o
H
-l-
ot'W
SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH coNsuLrrNG beorEcHNrcAL ENcTNEERs
I ePPLTED sotL M Ec HAN tcsI
B. OWAINE SERGENT. P.E.
LAWRENCE A. HANSEN. PX.D.. P. E.
RALPH E. WEEKS. P.G.
DARREL L. BUFFINGTON. P. E.
DONALO VAN BUSKIRK. P.G.
OALE V. BEOENKOP, P.E.
ENGINEERING GEOLOGY
JOHN B. HAUSKINS. P. E.
MICHAEL L, RUCKER. P. E.
ROBERT W. CROSSLEY. P. E.
JONATHAN A. CRYSTAL, P.E.
PAUL V. 5MITH. P.G.
NORMAN H. WETZ. P. E.
MATERIALS ENGINEERING ' HYDROLOGY
GEORGE H. BECKWITH. P. E.
ROBERT L. FREW
JAMES H. CLARY. C.P.G.
NICHOLAS T. KORECKI. P. E.
GERALD P. LINOSEY. P.G.
RONALO E, RAGER. P.G.
SHB Job No.
ROBERT O. BOOTH. P. E.
SUANG CHENG. P.E.
JAMES R. FAHY. P.E.
MICHAEL HULPKE. P.G.
DAVIO E. PETERSON. P.G.
ALBERT C. RUCKMAN. P.E.
PAUL KAPLAN. P.E.
Eg8-2039
October 26, L988
Morton Thiokol , Inc.
Wasatch Operations
Environmental Engineering & Control
M/S sO6C
Box 524
,rrigham City, Utah 84302
Attention: Mr. John P. Martin
Re: Geohydrologic Investigation
Photographic Waste Sites
Morton Thiokol , Inc.
Box Elder County, Utah
Gentlemen:
This report presents the results of our geohydrologic
investigation for the photographic waste sites at the
Wasatch Operations in
includes results of
Box E1der County, Utah. This report
our field exploration and well
installation programs.
We appreciate the opportunity of providing this serrrice for
you. If you have any questions regarding this report or
require additional information, please contact us.
Respectfully submitted,
Sergent, Hauskins & Beckwith Engineers
PHOENIX
(602) 2zz-aaae
REPLY TO: 4O3O S.
TUCSON
[phone]
5OO WEST, SUITE
ALBUQUERQUE
(50s) 884-O9sO
90, SALT LI\KE
SANTA FE
[phone]
CITY, UTAH A4123
SALT IJKE CITY
(8C)11266-0720
EL PASO
(9t5)564-lOl7
Thomas SuchoskiCertifd Hydrologist
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Report
L.0 Introduction
L. L Scope of Work
L.2 Project Description
L.2.L F.ield Activities
L.2. L. L Drilling Activi
L. 2 . L. 2 Geophysical Log
L.2. L.3 Monitoring Well
2.O Site Descriptions
and Background
2 .2 M-11"4
2.3 M-509
2.4 M-536
3.0 Geology
3.1 Regional Geology
3.1.1 Straitgraphy
3.L.2 Structure
3.2 Site Geology
3.2.L Site M-39
3.2.2 Site M-Ll-4
3.2.3 Site M-508
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ging
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Page
L0
Lo
L4
L6
l_5
L7
L8
L9
24
24
25
26
27
27
27
28
L
].
2
2
3
4
5
8
8
9
9
L0
3.2.4 Site M-635
4.0 Hydrogeology
4. L Regional Hydrogeology
4.2 Site Hydrogeology
4.2.L M-39
4.2.2 M-LL4
4.2.3 M-508
4 .2 . 4 !vr-63 5
5.0 References
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
Drillers Logrs, Boring Logs
Geophysical Logs
Completion Details
Specification Document
SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
SHB Job No. 888-2039
EONSI,I. TING G€OYEC}+{ICAI FT.TGNEERS
o LIST OF FIGURES
l,-1
3-].
3-2
3-3
Location and Site Map
Regional Geologic Map
Generalized Geologic
Rose Diagrams of Rock
PAGE
Columno...oo.o.22
Structurgo......23
7
2L
-l_
SHB Job No. 888-2039
]F,R].SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
Cohydrologic Investigation
Photographic Waste Sites
Mcrton Thiokol , Inc.
Box Elder @r:nty, Utafl
SHB Job I\1o. 888-2039
]..0 INTRODUCTION
Page I
Morton Thiokol, Inc. (IITI) has been reguired by the Utah
Solid and Hazardous Waste Conmittee to evaluate the
discharge of photographic process waste water. Prior to
L980, waste water was discharged from x-ray Buildings I.{-39,
M-114, M-508, and I.!-636 into adjacent disposal areas. (see
Figure 1-1)1. The waste water stream from the buildings
consisted of wastes from the photographic film developing
processes. At various times prior to September L982, silver
concentrations in excess of the 5.0 parts per million (ppn)
ltere contained in the waste water stream. Wastes with this
Ievel are classified as hazardous wastes under both U.s.
Environmental Protection Agency and Utah Hazardous Waste
Management Regulations.
MTI has implemented a three-phase program to conply with the
requirements of the Utah Solid and Hazardous Waste
Committee. This report addresses the first phase of the
program.
1.1 Scope of Work
The purpose of this project was a determination of the depth
to the uppermost aguifer under each site and a geologic
description of all soil horizons encountered.
To aid in this evaluation, geophysical logging of the
boreholes rras additionally planned. The work conducted
consisted of the following:
-l-
1. Figures and Tabtes are presented at the end of each report section.
SERGENT, HAUSKINS A BECKWITH
Geohydrologic Investigation
Photogrraphic Waste Sites
Morton Thio}col , Inc.
Box Elder County, Utah
SHB Job No. E88-2O39
Drilling of
installation
wells in each
Determination
all cuttings
Page 2
four 7 -7 / 8-inch diameter borings and
of four-inch groundwater monitoring
boring.
of the uppermost-aguifer and review of
retrieved from each borehole.
o
o Geophysical logging of each uncased borehole.
Preparation of a report describing the geologic
conditions encountered in each boring and the depth
to the uppermost aguifer beneath each site.
L.2 Proiect Description and Backcrround
The project sites are located within the MTI Wasatch
Operations facilities, as presented on Figure 1-1.
Preliminary studies have been conducted which evaluated the
groundwater contamination potential for each site
(Underground Resources Management (URI{), 1985). This
project further defines the subsurface conditions at each
site and provides a determination of the depth to the first
occurrence of significant groundwater beneath each site.
For this study, the ter^m ttsignificant groundwatertr has been
defined as an aguifer or strata which will provide a minimum
yield to a borehole of one gallon per hour.
L.2.L Field Activities
The field work for this project consisted of drilling,
geophysical logging, and monitoring well installations.
Four monitorj.ng wells were installed, one at each x-ray
site. The wells lrere located adjacent to the discharge
areas for each x-ray facility. The location of the wells
-l_:F,fi"SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
o Geohydrologic Investigation
Photographic Waste Sites
Morton Thiokol , Inc.\ Box Elder County, Utah
SHB Job No. E88-2O39
Page 3
was detennined by !{TI personnel, to aid in filling in the
data gaps of the previous studies.
Drillinq Activities.Four, 7-7/9-inch borings wereL.2. ].. l-
?
drilled, one at each site.Each- boring was advanced
utilizing a Speedstar L5 fI air rotary drilI, except the
boring at M-508.This boring was advanced using a
Bucyrus Erie 22-W cable tool rig.
Prior to drilling each boring, a rigorous decontamination
procedure was conducted.This consisted of all eguipment
being steam cleaned to remove dirt and grease, washing with
Alconox soap and rinsing. The decontamination was conducted
at a lined central area. A11 wash water was collected in a
lined sump and disposed of by MTI personnel.
To ensure that cleaned equipment did not become contaminated,
all cleaned equipment hras kept off the ground by storing on
racks or pallets. Any tools, drilling equipment, or sampling
equipment which contacted the ground hras considered
contaminated and had to be decontaminated again.
Additionally, to prevent introduction of any possible
contaminants to the borehole, air supplied from the
compressor on the air rotary rig was filtered to ensure that
compressor oil was not introduced to the hole. Also, Do
petroleum-based lubricants were utilized on the drill rig.
Lubrication of equipment was accomplished using tGreen
Stuff r, a non-organic lubricant, approved for use by l,[TI.
Due to the concern of identifying the first significant water
bearing zonet each boring was advanced by drilling five feet,
bailing or blowing all cuttings and water from the ho1e,
-l -:W,,;SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
Q
Geohydrologic Investigation
Photogrraphic Waste Sites
Morton Thiokol , Inc.
Box E1der County, Utah
SHB Job No. 888-2039
Page 4
taking a water level reading, waiting 3o minutes, then taking
a second water level reading.
If the water level rose 2.3 inches in the borehole, then an
aquifer meeting the 1 gallon inflow per hour had been
encountered. The hole was then advanced 10 additional feet
into the aquifer and the drilling was stopped.
If the water level did not rise, then significant groundwater
was not encountered and the hole was drilled another five
feet where the above described procedure was repeated.
For each boring, a daily drillers log and a geologic or
lithologic log hrere keptr ds required in the contract
specifications (see Appendix C). The geologic log hras kept
by a qualified geologist an are presented in Appendix A.
Following drilling activities, the boreholes hrere left open
to allow for geophysical logging.
L.2.1.2 Geophvsical Loqqinq. The boreholes were logged to aid in
the deteraination of the subsurface conditions. The
geophysical logs consisted of a suite of ganna-ganma,
natural-gamma, and neutron-porosity. The logging was
continuous from the surface to the uppermost aquifer.
The geophysical logs are presented in Appendix B.
The logging activities consisted of a rigorous
decontamination procedure, movement of equipment to and
from the sites, and repeated downhole trips with each
Iogging tool. The decontamination procedure, the same as
described in Section L.2.L.2, was applied to each tool
and all downhole cables.Logging of the holes and
decontamination procedures were supenrised by a qualified
field representative. Field notes and review of the
SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
Geohydrologic Investigation
Photographic Waste Sites
Morton Thiokol, Inc.
Box E1der County, Utah
SHB Job No. 888-2039
Page 5
geophysical logs were conducted in the field. Following
the field effort, the geophysical logger returned to the
office, processed all the logs, and then provided copies.
L.2.L.3 Monitorinq Well Desiqn. The monitoring well designs hrere
z single well completions consisting of 4.5 inch I.D.
SDR-L7 PVC casings and screens, adequate sand pack, and
bentonite seal and g'rout.A qualified field
representative vras present during the completion of each
rnonitoring weII. The completion details for each well
are shown graphically in Appendix A.
Completion procedures for each weII consisted
Decontamination of all $relI
completion eqpipment and tools,
Covering aII casingr , too1s, and
to the site,
casing and screens,
equipment for transport
Installation of the screen and casing in the weII with
appropriate centralizets,
Placement of sand pack by tremie pipe to a level at
least 2 feet above the top of the screen,
Placement of a bentonite pellet seal above the top of
the sand pack by tremie pipe,
Placement of granular bentonite backfill (Bensea1)
through a tremie pipe. The Benseal was placed from the
top of the bentonite pellets to approximately 18 feet
below ground surface,
_l _
:,wiu SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
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Page 6
The remaining 18 feet of the
with a cement./bentonite grrout,
annular space was filled
A cement pad and protective posts hlere set around each
hole
Following completion of the monitoring we1ls, each wel}
was developed to ensure it represented the conditions of
the completed zone. The development hras undertaken by
pumping across the entire screened zone. Development
continued until the water evacuated from the well met a
limit of 5 nephelometric turbidity units (NTU's). AII
weIls, but I,I-39, were able to be developed to this
standard.
This well did not make sufficient water to be adequately
developed. The development procedures available for this
well consisted of either repeated punping.to evacuate the
available water or introduction of water of good, known
quality for use in surging and cleaning of the well until
water meets development criteria.
MTI personnel did not want to introduce water into the
weIIs, therefore development consisted of pumping the
well until dry, allowing recovery and pumping again.
fhis !'/as repeated six times. Based on the recharge to
the well over the development period of approximately 0.1
gallons per minute, UTf personnel indicated this was
suf f icient development.At which point development
pumping hras discontinued. The water produced from the
well at this point was still quite murky and had a
turbidity reading of approximately 80 NTUts.
SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
--'"\'.1.
Page 7t:
Geohydrologic Investigation
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Page I
2.O SITE DESCRTPTTONS
2.1
The location of the four we1ls are
The site locations were selected by
M-3 9
Borehole I{-39 lies approximately 100 feet southwest of M-39
x-ray facility. The well was drilled on a small bench
overlooking gently sloping valley fiII. This bench may have
been slight1y, but not severely, disturbed in the past. It
is 50 feet north of the base of a prominent talus and
alluvium covered hiIl. Ta1us is primarily cherty limestone
with some nondescript Lake Bonneville fossils, mostly snails
and algae. The nose of this hiII has a uniform slope of
approximately 2L degrees to the west. A drainage ditch,
carrying 3 to 5 gallons per minute of process (gray) water
for film development runs east and south of the borehole.
One hundred and twenty-five feet north, a natural, incised
drainage channel carries runoff from the hills on the
northeast towards the southwest.
2.2 M-114
Borehole I.{-L14 is located at the mouth of one of the numerous
east-west canyons found in the BIue Spring Hills. M-114 is
the southern most of the four well locations. The well site
is west of Building !{-114, and a radiation shielding ber:n is
Iocated between the well and building. This bem channels
precipitation from the building parking and other areas to a
small gully five feet from the well. A larger, natural
drainage channel for the canyon runs L25 feet south of the
borehole. This ravine is approxinately 25 feet deep, with
the lower 4 feet recently incised.
-l _
indicated on F. igrure L-L.
UTf personnel.
t$-l/i;r SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
-l Ft l-
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2.3 M-508
Page 9
Borehole M-508 is located, approximately 500 feet south of
Building M-5O8, in an area of mostly undisturbed valley filt
which inclines to the southwest at a uniform 2.5 percent
' slope. It is drilled 10 feet north of a 12-foot deep, 35-
foot wide rectangrular drainage channel. fhis channel flows
from east to west towards a small earthen dam 350 feet west
of the borehole. The dam seasonally impounds water to an
approximate depth of I feet.
2.4 vI-635
Borehole M-536 is located on the north flank of a broad
drainage valley, approximately 200 feet southwest of the
It{-635 x-ray facility. The site is on a small topographic
high within generally irregular topography. To the west and
south of the x-ray facility, the slope consists of a steep
rough surface, covered with numerous small hills, both
natural and manmade, below which, is found, a gentle, uniform
slope of valley fill material.A small drainage ditch,
carrying photographic process (gray) water fron I.{-635 runs
west from the base of the parking area, to within 50 feet of
the well site, where it disappears into alluvium. Twenty-
five feet northeast of the well site, a smalI manmade deposit
of quartzite boulders cover the ground surface.
_l _t$,jr SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
<, I Fl f-I /A aFl l, ^AUCrir.rtlra aE^-Futrr^^r Errrrr-F66EONSI II YING GFOTFCHNICAI F}J(JINFFRS
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3. O GEOLOGY
Page LO
3.1 Reqional Geologv
our understanding of the regional geologic setting of the
,, Morton Thiokol site area, is based on review of published and
unpublished information, obserrrations made at the site, and
the results of subsurface drilling.The published
information consists of a report on the geology of Box Elder
County (Doelling, 1980), a hydrologic reconnaissance of the
BIue Creek Valley area (Bolke and Price, L972) , the soil
survey of Box E1der County (Chadwick and others, L975), a
geological water study of the site (Holman, L9631 , and a
statewide review of stratigraphy (Hintze, 1988). Information
on the shoreline of Lake Bonneville was obtained from Currey
(1982). Unpublished information regarding the geology of the
Morton Thiokol site was developed by URIII, Inc. (1985) and
Engineering Science (ES) (1985 and 1987).
3.1.1 Stratiqraphy
our understanding of the distribution of geologic materials
at the site is presented on Figure 3-1, Regional Geologic
Map. Selected details of the stratigraphy of the site area
are summarized on Figure 3-2, Generalized Geologic Column.
The oldest rocks of significance at the site are assigned
to the Great Blue Limestone of t{ississippian age (32o to
360 million years o1d). This limestone has been subdivided
into three members.The lower member is dark 9ray,
fossiliferous, and thick-bedded to massive. Locally, it
contains chert and dolornitic limestone to dolomite. The
middle mernber is chiefly calcareous siltstone and shale
with interbedded massive limestone. The middle member at
SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKW]TH
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SHB Job No. 888-2039
localities farther to
the Long Trail Sha1e
gray, thick-bedded to
dolomite zones.
Page LL
the south in Utah have been called
Member. The upper member is light
massive limestone with some chert and
Limestone has been
to the north of the
in the Promontory
The thickness was
The Great BIue Limestone exhibits some features of
subsurface solutioning of the limestone. Caves expressed
at the ground surface are not common in the site region;
however, limestone cavities filled with fragrments of
Iimestone and a matrix of silt and clay have been
encountered at the Morton thiokol site in borings conducted
for facilities unrelated to the present effort.In
addition, we interpret that two filled voids htere
encountered in the boring drilled at M-39r ES discussed in
a subsequent section of this report.
The thickness of the Great Blue
measured at l-l-80 feet in the West Hills
site, and approximately 15OO feet
Mountains to the southwest of the site.
not measured during the present research
poor exposure of the Great BIue Limestone
resulting from faulting in the site area.
shown on the generalized geologic column,
thickness of the Great Blue Limestone at
approximately L350 feet.
The Great BIue Limestone
Iimestone unit assigned to
the Humbug Formation are
consequently, the Humbug
Generali zed Geologic Column
due to relatively
and complications
Consequently, as
we project the
the site to be
conformably rests on another
the Humbug Formation. Rocks of
not exposed in the site areai
Formation is omitted from the
shown on Figure 3-2.
_t_
tS',71 SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
-l Fl l
,l /A I ]t I ' t:rrNqur yrAJG GFarrEr-!.rrl^^r Erlr,:.nrctrac
v
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The Great BIue Limestone is conformably overlain by the
Manning Canyon Shale. fhis material ranges in age from
late uississippian to early Pennsylvanian {3oO to 330
million years old). rhis material is prirnarily dark gray
silty shale to siltstone with several prominent
orthoquartzite layers in the upper part of the fornration.
Except for the orthoquartzite layers, which are resistant
to erosion, exposures of the Manning Canyon Shate are rare
and the distribution of the formation is deternined by the
presence of dark brown silty, non-calcareous soil, and
undulating topography.
The thickness of the Manning Canyon shale has been measured
at 30O feet in the West Hi}ls to the north of the site and
about 11OO feet in the Promontory Mountains to the
southwest of the site. The thickness in the site area is
unknown due to the poor exposure and structural complexity,
but is estimated to be approximately 7OO feet as shown on
the Generalized Geologic Colurnn shown on Figure 3-2.
The Manning Canyon Sha1e is conformably overlain by a very
thick sequence of limestone layers assigned to the Oguirrh
Formation. This forrration is predominantly gray to light
gray silty and sandy limestone with abundant fossil
fragments. Only the lower approximately 3O0 feet of this
foruration are present in the site area as shown on the
Regional Geologic Map (Figure 3-11) ,Therefore, this
formation is considered in this report to be Pennsylvanian
in age (approximately 295 to 315 million years old),
whereas elsewhere in Utah where the section is complete,
the upper part of the oquirrh Formation is Permian in age.
-l _tg,jr SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
*l tsl l^
I /rtl a 7l | , anltcr il ?rrr^ ^FA.'f r rrr.^. ranrJcr il .rt\ra r? c.t.rrr^!Jtrt^ a I t u.ta rlrEE c,c
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Page L3
The next youngest formation of significance in the site
area appears to be the SaIt Lake Group of Tertiary age
(probably ranging from as young as 5 rnillion .to as old as
about 20 miltion years). this material is quite variable
in composition but is chiefly fine grained. The zones of
tuffaceous sandstone and siltstone as well as calcareous
siltstone and claystone are known to comprise this
formation in northern Utah. Borings drilled for facilities
unrelated to the present project have encountered zones of
volcanic ash in the main plant area.
Rocks of the Salt Lake croup are not exposed in the site
area; however, they are shown on the Generalized Geologic
Co1umn (Figure 3-2) because they certainly exist in the
subsurface. The upper part of the Salt Lake Group may
represent alluvial fan deposits which were derived from
erosion in the BIue Spring Hills and the Engineer Mountains
to the east and west, respectively, of the main site area.
Deposits of the Satt Lake Group are completely buried by
younger surficial deposits. The geomorphic features in the
site area are dominated by terraces created at rnajor
shorelines of ancient Lake Bonneville.The highest
shoreline of Lake Bonneville is calIed the Bonneville
shoreline and is shown on the Regional Geologic Map (Figure
3-1). This shoreline is located at approximately elevation
5225 feet in the site area. However, isostatic rebound of
the lake basin resulting from evaporation of the water in
Lake Bonneville has resulted in a gentle northward dip of
the shoreline.A second prominent shoreline of Lake
Bonneville occurs at approximately elevation 4835 feet and
is called the Provo shoreline. The distribution of this
shoreline is also shown on the Regional Geologic Map
_l_
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Page L4
(Figure 3-1). This shoreline also slopes to the north at a
gentle ang1e. Surficial materials at elevations below the
Bonneville shoreline are dominated by the coarser-grained
deposits associated with wave action of the rising and
falling lake. Younger surficial matirials may be derived
in part from erosion of the lake deposits. At lower
elevations along the margins of BIue Spring Creek and
extending for significant distances into the site area,
fiD€r-grained lake deposits are present.Subsequent
younger surficial materials derived from erosion of the
finer-grained lake deposS.ts are difficult to distinguish
from the lake deposits.Consequently, the Regional
Geologic l[ap shows coarse-grained alluvial and ]acustrine
deposits to blanket the site area below the Bonneville
shoreline and to a point where the finer-grained alluvial
Iacustrine deposits predominate.
Above the Bonneville shoreline, surficial deposits are
common and obscure bedrock in most places. This surficial
material consists of colluvia1 deposits which are
predominantly coarse grained but have a rnatrix of silt and
sand. A number of alluvial fans have been deposited in the
lower parts of the site area by discharge of sediment and
water from the primary and secondary canyons emanating from
the Blue Spring Hills and the Engineer Mountains. These
alluvia1 fans are very variable in character and contain
zones of boulder material as well as fine-grained deposits.
3.L.2 Structure
Structural
faults and
rock have
geologic features in the site area consist of
fractures. Some of the layers of sedimentary
been foldedi however, these folds appear to be
_l _
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Page L5
of thevery localized and are poorly exposed because
concealment of the surficial deposits.
The oldest geologic structure in the site area is a reverse
fautt which is present in the northeast part of the area
shown on the Regional Geologic Map (Figure 3-1). This
reverse fault has caused older rocks from the west to ride
up and over younger rocks to the east. As shown on the
Regional Geologic Map, rocks of the Manning Canyon Sha1e
are thrust over rocks of the Oquirrh Formation. This fault
dips downward to the west and should be present under the
site area.
Subsequent to movement along the reverse fault, and
possibly contemporaneous with it, a series of predominantly
west-trending normal faults is thought to have been
produced. Some controversy apparently exists over the
character of deformation along these faults.Some
geologists prefer to consider them as strike-slip faults
related to horizontal compressive stresses which would have
caused the older reverse fault motion. These faults are
concealed in most places and have been mapped on the basis
of the distribution of differing types of rock and on
changes in orientation of the bedding of the rock layers.
The youngest geologic structures in the site area appear to
be the north-trending normal faults. The representation of
these faults shown on the Regional Geologic Map (Figure
3-1) is consistent with the concept that the north-trending
faults are younger than the west-trending faults. However,
the details of this structuraL relationship are unclear and
the representation on the Regional Geologic Map is
speculative.
_l_
:,W'i SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
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Page l-6
It appears that Blue Spring Valley in the site area may be
structurally controlled by a down-dropped block between the
Blue Spring Hitls to the east and the Engineer Mountain to
the west. This speculative relationship is shown on the
Regional Geologic Map (Figure 3-1).
The structural complexity portrayed in earlier studies (ie.
Engineering Science, L987) has been based on the results of
geophysicat surveys. We believe that the bore hole data
can be explained with a considerably simpler geologic
model. Consequentlyr w€ have omitted numerous concealed
faults shown in earlier reports.
Based on our obserrrations in the site arear w€ have found
no surface expression of faults in the surficial materials
of Lake Bonneville present at the site. Because the age of
these materials across the range of elevations at the site
is older than approximately 12,000 yearsr w€ conclude that
the most recent movement on these faults is pre-Holocene in
age.
The flow of water in rock material can be dominated by the
orientation of fractures. To aid in understanding the
character of the fractures in the site area, in the
vicinity of those wells drilled near bedrock exposures,
orientations of fractures were measured and plotted on rose
diagrams shown on Figure 3-3.
3.2 Site Geoloqy
3.2.L Site U-39
Site IYI-39 is located
This elevation would
at approximately elevation 4630 feet.
have been inundated with approximately
-l-tg/r SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
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Page L7
595 feet of water when Lake Bonneville was at the
Bonneville level and approximately 2Lo feet of water when
the lake had dropped to the Provo leve1i Geologic
materials encountered in the upper L2 feet of the boring
drilled at site I*{-39 encountered gravelly si}t and clay,
which probably represent surficial materials reworked from
alluvial and lacustrine deposits. Bedrock was encountered
at a depth of L2 feet in the boring drilled at the site.
The bedrock encountered in the boring hras predorninantly
limestone and has been assigned to the Great Blue Limestone
formation. We expect that the niddle member of the Great
BIue Limestone represents the material encountered in the
boring. The reason for this correlation is due to the
abundance of siltstone and silty limestone interbedded with
the limestone units. In addition, it appears that two
voids filled with fragrments of limestone in a silty matrix
were encountered at depths of approximately LzO feet and
approximately 140 feet as shown in the geoJ.ogic log of the
boring drilled at this site.
Because of the relatively shallow depth to bedrock at this
site, we postulate that it is located a short distance east
of the concealed normal fault which represents the eastern
boundary of the Blue Spring Graben.A rose diagrram
representing the orientation of fractures in the limestone
near the site is shown on Figure 3-3
3.2.2 Site M-114
The boring drilled at site I.I-114 is located at an elevation
of 4560 feet. This elevation hras inundated by
approximately 655 feet of water. when Lake Bonneville was at
the Bonneville level. The site was inundated by
_l _
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Page L8
approximately 28O feet of water after the
to the Provo IeveI.
lake had dropped
The material encountered in the boring in the upper 19.5
feet consisted of cobbles in a silty sand and gravel
matrix. rhis material is interpreted to represent the
coarser deposit associated with direct lake deposits or
alLuvial deposits reworked from the lake deposits.
Layers of siltstone and dolonitic limestone are interbedded
with the limestone units. The presence of the siltstone
suggests that the section encountered in the boring
represents the middle member of the Great Blue Limestone.
Site U-L14 appears to be located a short distance north of
a west-trending normal fault whi-ch Doelling (1980)
indicates has caused the oquirrh Formation to move down on
the south side of the fault to the elevation of the Great
BIue Limestone on the north side of the fault.
The orientation of fractures obserrred in the vicinity of
the site are indicated on Figure 3-3. Within a few hundred
feet of the site, zones of brecciated lj.mestone with
secondary calcite mineralization were observed.
3.2.9 Site M-508
The boring at site M-508 was drilled at an elevation of
45L2 feet. This elevation was inundated by approximately
7L3 feet of water when Lake Bonneville occupied the
Bonneville shoreline. The site hras inundated by 328 feet
of water after the lake had dropped to the Provo Level.
The boring driLled at this site did not encounter bedrock
to a depth of 180 feet. This suggests that it lies within
-l _
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The upper L0 feet
predominantly grravel
deposits derived from
the Blue Spring Hi1ls.
of material in this boring
and probably represent alluvial
erosion of lake deposits higher
Below a depth of about L0 feet,
Page L9
the BIue Spring Graben as indicated on the generalized
geologic map shown on Figure 3-1.
are
fan
in
the
andmaterials encountered in the boring include silty clay,
gravel in a silty, clayey sandy matrix.
The thickness of materials deposited in Lake Bonneville at
this site area probably are not thicker than a few tens of
feet at the most. The surficial materials encountered
below a depth of approximately 3O feet may probably
represent pre-Lake Bonneville deposits and may possibly
correlate with the SaIt Lake Group materials. Tuffaceous
deposits were not identified by obserwation of the cuttings
returned to the ground surface during the drilling
operation; therefore, the correlation is tentative.
3 .2.4 Site M-636
The boring drilled at site M-636 is at elevation 4675 feet.
This site was inundated by approximately 550 feet of water
when Lake Bonneville occupied the Bonneville shoreline.
After the lake had dropped to the Provo level, the site was
inundated by approximately 165 feet of water.
The materials encountered in the upper
boring are dominated by sand and silt with
of gravel.Bedrock was encountered
approximately 60 feet. This material is
geologic log as an orthoqpartzite srith
of siltstone $rith depth.
-l_
60 feet of the
variable amounts
at a depth of
identified on the
increasing amounts
t$.l/lr SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECI(WITH
-l Fl I^I //a l7l l, ,^nltc.t I ?t\r^ ^r^r^urrr^^. -rr^.rr?F6acnNcr il Y|NG GcnYErlrNtCll FNGTNFFRC
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Below a depth of about 90 feet, the material is classified
as a siltstone with some quartzite. The lack of limestone
units encountered in the boring strongly suggests that the
upper part of the Manning Canyon Sha1e rdas penetrated by
this boring.The relatively largle depth to bedrock
encountered in the boring suggests that the site is on the
down-dropped side of the normal fault marking the eastern
boundary of the BIue Spring Graben. The upper part of the
bedrock materials encountered in this boring possibly could
represent one of the sandstone units in the SaIt, Lake
Group. The correlation of these materials with the Manning
Canyon Shale is tentative. A small exposure of the Manning
Canyon Shale (actually quartzite at this location) is
present approximately 500 feet southwest of the siter ds
shown on the generalized geologic map presented as Figure
3.1. A rose diagram of the orientation of fractures in the
vicinity of site I.{-536 is presented on Figure 3-3.
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aoN
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LU
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Page 22
o
COLLWI,AL
EruEEfl DEPosn's
UNCONFORIvIITY
UNCONFORh{ITY
ALLUVIAL
AI.ID [-A.KE
DEPOSITS
tii{lii{i#rt DEposrrs \Iar
Tsl
Prcdominantly coarto-graincd matcrials abov e
thc Bonncvillc shorclinc.
Fan-shafd Iandforms below 0re h,ovo
shoreline ; predomin airtly co Brf, e-graincd, but
includes substantial fuie-grained materi al.
Coarse-grained materiels (Qrlc) at higher
elevations up to Bonnbville shorel.ine; fine-
grained matcrials (QaD at lower elevations.
Tuffaceous sandstone and silstone, volcanic
ash, siltstone and claystone; reported in the
lierarure and en@untered in wells and borings
for other projects; not exposed in the sire
Fo
Predominantly limestone; present at higher
elevatioru in Blue Spring HiUs; only the
lower part is present in the sitc area, but the
upp€r part may bc present on tlre e+st, side of
a west-dipping reversc fault. Lncally includes
fine-grained calcar@us 6 ands tone.
, rh Predominantly silty shale and siltstone, with
M rmc Eome zones of sandy shale and orthoquartzitc
in the uppcr part.
Mgb
Predominantly thick-beddcd to massiv e
limestone with occasional to cotnmon
cherly b€ds. Occasional voids filled with
limestone fragments in a merix of sandy
silutone to sandy silt.
Predominantly calcareous silty shale and
siltstonc with occasional thick-bedded to
massive lirnestone bcds and shaly limestone.
Occasional voids filled wi0r limestonc fragmenl,s
in a matrix of sandy siltstone.to sandy silt.
Predominantly fossiliferou, thick-bedded to
massive limestone with occasional to
common cherty bedd and dolomitic limestone
to dolomitc. Occasiona[ voids fillcd with
Iimestone fragmcnis in a matrix of sandy
siltstone to sandy silt.
a
Hgt3tov)
E,
z
E.
TUF
:)o
tr
trG
LUF
zgz
J
azz
tU
o-
Qalc
Qalf
-
UNCONFORMTTY
UNCONFORMITY
ET
frE
3B
aoNo
LUJ
o_
lrHElmo<s
5H
HE
[':
IH
ttEL$
Lo
zo
2
d3
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7,
HH
EH
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t-.
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tr
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z
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U)a
FIGURE 3 -2. GENERALIZED GEOLOGIC COLUMN
_l_t$'/ll SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
-l Fl l
,l /y' rD lr cof.{sulTrNc GForFcHNrcar F}rGrNFFeqCONSULTING GEOTECHNICAL EI.{GINEERS
Cmhydrclogic Investigation
Photographic Waste Sites
Ivtrrton Ttriokol, Inc o
Box Elder Cor.rrrtY, Utafl
SHB Job No. 888-2039
Page 23
M39-B1
Joint and Fracture Orientation
Very Strong
Strong
rirr Medium
-
Weak
Ml14-B1
Joint and Fracture Orientation
Very Srong
Srong
-
Medium
-
Weak
M636-8 1
Joint and Fracturc Orientation
Very Srong
Srong
-
Medium
-
Weak
FIGI]RE 3 - 3. ROSE DIAGRAIVIS OF
ROCK STRIJCTURE
SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
Geohydrologic Investigation
Photographic Waste Sites
Morton Thiokol, Inc.
Box E1der County, Utah
SHB Job No. E88-2O39
4.0
4.L
HYDROGEOI.OGY
Reqional Hvdrooeolocrv
The groundwater hydrology in the
operations of MTI is very complex.
both the unconsolidated valley fill
the fracture and jointed consolidated
Page 24
area of the Wasatch
Groundwater is found in
materials as hrell as in
bedrock.
within the valley fill, Eroundwater is found under confined
and unconfined conditions. The valley fill sediments range
from sands and gravels to silts and clays. These materials
are interbedded within the valley fill.Generally, the
coarser materials are found along the nargins of the valley
and as basal sediments above the consolidated bedrock. The
silts and clays act as confining units above the coarser
materials. Some isolated perched zones, consisting of sands
and gravels, are also found within the silt and clay
deposits, however; due to the variable nature of the
sediments, these zones are quite linited in extent.
Groundwater flow within the valley fill is generally from the
sides and upper portions of the valley towards the axis of
the valley.Bolke and Price (L972) indicate that the
movement of groundwater along the axis of the valley is
toward the south-southeast, through the narrows between
Engineer Mountain and the BIue Springs Hills.Previous
studies (Utah Division of Water Resources, L97O, and Bolke
and Price, L972) show the groundwater gradient is
significantly reduced through the narrows area. This could
be caused by either recharge from Blue Creek or as a result
of backwater mounding due to the narrowing of the valley.
-l _t\'jr SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
- 1 ..11^ 1.
Geohydrologic Investigation
Photographic Waste Sites
Morton Thiokol, Inc.
Box Elder County, Utah
SHB Job No. 888-2039
4.2 Site Hvdrooeoloqv
The site hydrogeologic
logs, assessment of the
the estimated porosity
information is presented
evaluation is based on the boring
recharge rate to the borehole, and
from the geophysical logs. The
for each weII.
Page 25
Within the consolidated sediments, groundwater is found
generally within the fault and fracture zones, ds well as
solution cavities of the more mature limestone sediments.
The secondary porosity of these rocks, generally, determines
the occurrence of groundwater. The grroundwater occurs under
perched, confined, and unconfined conditions. Perched water
was identified in one of the wells at l,I-136 (ES, 1985 and
r.e87).
The direction of movement of groundwater flow within the
consolidated sediments is extremely difficult to quantify,
due to the numerous faults and fractures. Away from areas
of secondary porosity, the flow of groundwater will be very
slow, while within the fault and fracture zones, groundwater
flow is generally quite rapid.
There appears to be interconnection of the valley fill
aquifers and the regional consolidated aquifer. URU (1985)
indicates that prior to L975, BIue Creek was an intermittent
stream. Following an earthquake in March of L975, flow in
Blue Creek increased to a level of perennial flow. This
suggests that faults and fractures within the consolidated
rock provide significant recharge to the valley-fiIl
sediments.
_l _tls}l SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
-+l Ff l,l /y' 'P lr coNSULTTNG GEorEcl+{tcAL Er.rcrNEERsCOIISULTING GEOTEC}+{ICAL ET.rG INEERS
Geohydrologic Investigation
Photographic Waste Sites
Morton Thiokol , fnc.
Box E1der County, Utah
SHB Job No. E88-2O39
4.2.L M-3 9
Page 26
r.)
During drilling of the borehole, areas of slight moisture
were found at intervals: 52-72 feet, 106-l-09 feet, LL4-L24
feet, L35-L44 feet, L49-158 feet, - and L62-L7L feet.
Significant water was encountered at 229 feet.The
estimated recharge rate to the boring, imrnediately
following drilling, was slightly greater than 1 galIon per
minute (gpm). After 24 hours, the water level rose to a
level of zLS feet. this indicates that the water is under
confined conditions. The water occurred in a light brown
siltstone and interbedded medium gray limestone.
Following completion of the well and well development the
recharge rate to the borehole decreased to approximately
0.L ga}}on per minute. This decrease in recharge rate
could result from two conditions:
The water bearing zone represents a perched
aquifer which has very linrited recharge area.
Therefore, installation of the well has resulted
in any stored water from the zone being drained.
Now the inflow rate to the borehole represents
the recharge rate to the perched zonei or
the water bearing zone has a low recharge rate
which is not capable of sustaining the
development water flow. Such a low recharge rate
would not be capable of washing and cleaning the
fines out of the gravel pack of the welI, thereby
reducing the inflow to the weII.
-l_tSAr SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH
+l t{ lI /,/l aFl l, anNett ytltr: ,arattEr^l.rlJtr^lr ErnrrrcEoc
2)
O'.
r.ANqI
'I
YING GENTE'HNI'AI F}.I(:INtrFPS
Geohydrologic Investigation
Photographic Waste Sites
Morton Thiokol, Inc.
Box Elder County, Utah
SHB Job No. 888-2039
4 .2 .2 M-LL4
Page 27
Within the borehole, areas of slight moisturg were found
26-38 feet, 121-131 feet, and 138-149 feet. The area of
significant water was first encountered at a depth of L7O
t feet. The boring was advanced to a total depth of 19o
feet. Water recharge rate to the boring is estirnated to be
Z -/ gpn The water sras encountered in a reddish gray to dark
gray dolomite. The dolomite appeared to be fractured with
decomposed shale or silt materials fillinq the voids.
4 .2 .3 M-5 0g
For this boring, no moist or wet zones srere encountered
above the apparent water surface. Significant water was
encountered at a depth of 165 feet. After 24 hours the
water level within the boring was recorded at 145 feet.
This indicates that the water is under a confined
condition. The water was encountered in fine gravel which
underlies a silty, sandy gravel. The estimated water
recharge rate to the borehole is 3 gpm.
4.2.4 U-536
During the drilling of this boring, areas of slight
moisture were identified at depths of 5-L0 feet, 55-60
feet, 70-74 feet, and 88-92 feet. Positive response to the
evaluation was found at 95 feet. Based on the response to
bailing of the hole, it is estimated that the aquifer
recharge rate is 8 gaII ons/minute.The water was
encountered within a zone of quartzite and decomposed shaLe
or silt.
-l _
SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECI(WITHJwv
COIISI-II TING GFOTFCHNICAI FNGINFFBS
Geohydrologic Investigation
Photogiraphic Waste Sites
Morton Thiokol , fnc.
Box Elder County, Utah
SHB Job No. 888-2039
5.0 REFERENCES
Page 28
Bolke, 8.L., and Price, D., L972, Hydrologic rec.onnaissance
of the BIue Creek Valley area, Box E1der County, Utah: Salt
Lake city, Utah Departnrent of Natural R6sources Technical
Publication No. 37, 38p.
Chadwick, R.S., and others, L975, Soil surivey of Box Elder
County, Utah, eastern part: Washington, D.C., U.S.
Department of Agriculture, SoiI Conserrration Service, 223p.
Currey, D.R., L982, Lake Bonneville: Selected features of
relevance to neotectonic analysis: Denver, U.S. Geological
Survey Open-file Report 82-LO7O, 3Op.
Doelling, H.H., 1980, Geology and mineral resources of Box
Elder County, Utah: Salt Lake City, Utah Geological and
Mineral Surrrey Bulletin 115, 251p.
Engineering Science, L986, Preliminary Geohydrologic
Evaluation of !.t-136 Burning Ground Ponds: Prepared for
Morton Thiokol, fnc., Wasatch Operations, Brighanr City, Utah.
Engineering Science, L987, Characterization of Hydrogeologic
Setting beneath M-136 Burning Ground Ponds: Prepared for
Morton Thiokol, Inc., Wasatch Operations, Brigharu City, Utah.
Hintze, L.H., 1988, Geologic historlf of Utah: Provo, Brigham
Young University, Geology Studies Special Publication 7,
2O2P.
Holman , T., 1953, Geological water study of the plant site
area: Brighaur City, Thiokol Chenical Corporation, Wasatch
Division, 10p.
-l _
:FflI SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECKWITH,ffir,
CONSIJI TING GEOTECHNICAL ET.IGINEERS
Geohydrologic Investigation
Photographic Waste Sites
Morton Thiokol, Inc.
Box Elder County, Utah
SHB Job No. 888-2039
Page 29
Underground Resource Management, Inc. 1985, RCRA Compliance
Plan, Prepared for Morton Thiokol, Inc., Wasatch Operations,
Brigham City, Utah
Utah Division of Water Resources, Lg7O. Water Leve1 Contour,
'Brigham City, Utah Topographic Sheet, Plate 1-1. Salt Lake
city, Utah.
I SERGENT, HAUSKINS & BECI(WITH
O.
-l -W,l /y' rD lr CONST LTTNG GEOTECHNTCAL EIIG|NEEFS
E. CYrl E . Alll tlMl ltt' U Ylr{YS' fEl!fiIft' J(lHffl' nfiIl{dmEE tanl(rrroto surtrE
wi,
- l-
IHllrv\xc38 ? sNlxsnvH 'lN30H3s
xozlr|c,A
PROJ ECT
JOB NO.
Morton Thi okol - Tne -Log Of
Dril1
Page 1 of 5
Test Drill No. M39-BI
Rig Type Speedstar SS 15II RotarvE88-2039 DATE 6-22-88
Locati
Elevatio
Datum
GROUND WATER
DEPTH HOUR DATE
2L5 |7 -L5-88
VISUAL CTASSIFICAIION
SILT, CLAY AND GMVEL, some gravel and cobbl
to 10tt, some clasts dolomit€, subangular,
lighr tan gr ay
note: gravel fine to medium grained, moder-
ately carbonate cemented from 3 t
note: clasts f ine to medium, some lj-mestone
and dolomite from 6t
matrix very
s trongly
ef fervescenE
strongly
e f fervescent
casing to L9\'
LII'{ESTONE, massive, bedded, calcite stri-ngers
dark bluish -gray
note: L2" hole drllled to Lgre' , 8tt hole
below LgLz' ; set L2" surface casing to Lgl{-'
LIMESTONE, massive r cslcite
oxide stai-ning, crystalline
gray
stri.ngers, j-ron
in part, medi-um
moderately
effervescent
SILTY LIMESTONE, iron oxide staining, light
tannish-qra
SILTY TIMESTONE, minor oxide staining, light
tan
50' ltt
-l- rrFFi Fllrf tttt t?t tlft\ ) fff^l,llrt?1.,SMAPLE TYPE
PROJECT
JOB NO.
Morton Th iokof- . Inc
GROUND WATER
DEPTH HOUR DATE
2L5 |
Log of rest Pa99 2 of 5
Drill No. M39-BI
Dril1 Rig Type Speedstar SSl5II Rotary
Location
Elevali
Dalu
E88-2039 DATE 6-26-88
vtsuAl c[AssrFrcAiloN
SILTY ITIMESTONE, i.ron oxj-de staining, calcite
veining stringers, light tan
weakly
ef fervescent
water rate
recovery
SILTY CLAY, sltered limestone with limestone
chips, brecciat€d, light yellowish tan
note: silty limesLone chi-ps, light gray and
tan from 62'
water rate
recovery
SILTY LIMESTONE, some clay
calcite, light gray altered
LIMESTONE, unaltered, some iron oxide stain-
ing , brecc j.at€d , med ium gray f rom 7 2 |
DOLOMITE AI{D TIMESTONE, sparry , Ij.tt le iron
oxj-de stalning r greater than 3urur dolomj-te
rhombohedrons, some large subangular chips,
fractured, medium to dark gray
moderately
ef fervescent
water rate
recovery
SAIID AI{D VERY FINE tsRECCIA DOLO}IITE, some
limestone, anBular to subangular, iron oxide
staining, moderately cementati-on ' buf f to
light brown
very weakly
effervescent
DOLOMITE , very f i,ne gra j.ned , tan to gtay
Trote: interbedded with light tan dolomite
and light gray liuestene r sParry, iron oxide
staining r approxiuale1y 40"/" doLomite f rom 97 '
SA^APLE WPE
PROJECT
JOB NO.
]lorton Thiokol . Inc.
GROUND WATER
DEPTH HOUR DATE
2L5 |
Log Of
Page 3 of 5
Test Drill No. M39-Bl
Drill Rig Type Speedstar SS 15II Rotarv
Locatio
Elevatio
Datum
E88-2039 DATE 2-27-88
100
105
110
115
125
130
135
,- | -, crDrirN7
vrsuAr ctAsstFrcATtoN
note: limestone with interbedded dolomite
beds 6 " to L2' r f rom 105 t
moderately
ef fervescent
SILTY CLAY, carbonate, some medium clay chips,
yellowish-tan
very strongly
effervescent
no pressure on
bit
BRECCIA AI.ID SAI{D, sand very f ine, breccia
approximately 4mn, subangular to subrounded,
carbonate, very pale yellow
SAI{D , some f ine breccia , subround€d , carbon-
ate
bit stuck in
hole at L24l
water rate
recovery
LIMESTONE AND DOL0MITE, lime s tone-erystalline,
coars€ r greater than 2mm, massive, medium
gray, dolomite - pale yellowish-tan
DOLOMITE AND LIMESTONE, dolomit€, conchoidal
fractures , dark gray, limestone (F med j-um
Etay
moderately
effervescent
BRECCIA, DOLOMITE AI{D LIMESTONE , f ine , angu-
lar, in reddish-brolrrr clay matrix
DOLOMITE r crystalline, some iron oxide stain-
ing, dark gray
water rate
recovery
weakly
effervescent
140
SA^APLE WPE u r I teytNQ ,. PEnrwtTH
PROJECT
JOB NO.
Morton Thiokol, Inc.Page 4 of 5
Test Drill No. M3a-B1
Rig Type Speedstar SSl5II Rotary888-2039 DATE 6-29-88
Log Of
Dril1
GROUND WATER
DEPTH HOUR DATE
2L5'
Locati
Elevatio
Datum
sA
^PLE
TYPE ;J-, SFRGFNT HAt,sxrNS & BECKWTH
150
155
160
165
L75
185
vlsuAt ctAssrFlcATloN
SAND, BRECCIA, DOLOMITE AND LIMESTONET v€r]
fine dolomite and limestone, subangular to
subrounde,d, some carbonate cementation,
with reddish brown silt coating
drill bit stuck
strongly
ef fervescent
highly fractured
lost air volume
BRECCIATED DOLOMITIC LN.{ESTONE AI.ID SILT,
limestone highly fractured, medium to dark
gray
SILT, carbonate altered, light reddish-brown
and Ean
water rate
recovery
LII"IESTONE , crystalline , f ractur€d , dark gr ay
SILT, carbonate alter€d, llght reddish-brown
and tan
very s.trongly
efferveseent
LIMESTONE, crystalline , fraetur€d, dark gray
SILT, carbonate altered, light reddish-brown
and tan
LIMESTONE, crystalline , fractur€d, dark gray
8000 pounds pres-l LIMESTONE, with some dolomite, crystalline'
sure on bit I fractured, dark gray
strongly
effervescent
LIMESTONE, parts are crystalllne , fractured,
some lron oxi.de staining, dark gray
190
PROJECT I*lorton Thiokol, Inc .
GROUND WATER
DEPTH HOUR DATE
Page 5 of 5
Test Drill No. M39-Bl
Rig Type SPeedstar SS 15II RotaryJOB NO. F'.88-^03o DATE 5-29-88
Log Of
Dril-1
Locati
Elevatio
Datu
200
205
2L0
2L5
225
230
235
VISUAL CTASSIFICAIION
note: moie fractured from 200 I
LII.{ESTONE, -some silt, fractured, 1i-mestone-
dark gray r coated with light red hemat j.te
color cement
note: less light red coating, more orange
from 2L0t
water rate
recovery
SILT, with fractured medium gray limestone,
thin bedded with silty Partings, light brown
water
greated than
1 gallon per
minute
note: limestone partly cryst,alline f rom
2301
strongly
effervescent
Stopped drilling at 2421
240
SAAAPLE WPE ,- | -, ..rD^r,y L, t r rel/rNe , EltrnrwrrH
PROJECT
JOB NO.
Morton Thiokol, Inc.
GROUND WATER
DEPTH HOUR DAIE
15g I
Page 1 of 4
Log Of Test Drill No. M114-8 1
Drill Rig Type -S
spudded 9 7/8" Bir ro 10 t : 8" Below
Elevatio
Dalum
888-2039 DATE 7 -6-88
=-= erontrNT
VISUAL CTASSIFICAIION
LIMESTONE AND DOLOMITE COBBLES, some silt,
some sand and coarse gravel, angular to sub-
angul &t , calcite stringers, gray
very strongly
ef fervescent
LII'{ESTONE Al{D DOLOMITE, some silt, some sand
and coarse- gravel, angular to subangul dT t
crystalline dolomite rhombohedrons visible,
gt ay
GRAVEL AIID DOLOMITE LIMESTONE, iron oxide
staining, dolomite rhombohedrons greater than
4mm, secondary lime cementation, atrBular to
subangular, tan to medi-um gray
moderately
effervescent
caving, losing
air pressure i-n
fractures
very slightly
mo j-st, no water
overnight
DOLOMITIC Lil"IESTONE AND DOLOMITE, l j.mestone
sparry, medium gray, dolomlte tan
moderately
effervescent
LIMESTONE AND SILT, interbedded, limestone
slightly dolomitic, light to medi-um BraY,
silt - calcareous ' light tan brown
note: limestone crystalline, dolomitic
frou 30 I
slightly moist
strongly
ef fervescent
water rate
recovery
DOLOMITIC TIMESTONE AI.ID SILT, calcareous,
iron oxlde staining, limestone crystalli-ne 'medium dark gray
DOLOMITE AIID DOLOMITIC LIMESTONE, iron oxide
stainlog, light gray and tan
SAAAPLE WPE HAilqxtNs & BFexwtTH
PROJECT
JOB NO.888-2039
I"Iorton Thiokol Inc
Page 2 of 4
Log of Test Drill No. Ml 14-BI
Drill Rlg Type Speedstar SS 15II to 24 I
Spudded 9 7/8" Bit to 10 I : 8"Below
Elevati
Dalu
GROUND WATER
DEPTH HOUR DATE
159 '
DATE 7 -L0-88
-j - ^16,. rl r?
VISUAL CTASSIFICAIION
DOLOMITE AND DOLOMITIC LIMESTONE, iron oxide
staining, thi-n bedded, dolomite - tan,
dolomitic limestone - light gray
weakly
e f fervescent
7Ot lttr
DOLOMITE AI.ID SILT, some dolomite limestone,
i-ron oxi-de- staining, very t,hin bedd€d, silt,
red-brolun, dolomite light tan
LIMESTONE, slightly dolomitic and si1t, iron
oxide stai-ni.ng, thin bedded, medium gray
DOMOLITIC LIMESTONE, 2mm dolomite rhombo-
hedonrons, iron oxide staining, medium thick
bedded, medium gray
note: no iron oxide from 70 I
LIMESTONE, calcite stringers , j.ron oxide
stai-ning, thickbedded, medi-um to dark gray
strongly
effervescent
60'/H
very
ef fervescent
LII'{ESTONE AND SILT, limestone sparry, some
crystalline, light gray, silt, iron oxide
stai.ning e carbonate, pale yellow-gray
note: dolomitic limestone and silt thin
bedded from 84 t ro 89 I
SAAAPLE WPE r r r r t?vtlt(r ) E)rnywt?tJ
Ir{orton Th ioknl , Inn
F,.gg_203o DATE -_ 10_gg
GROUND WATER
DEPIH HOUR DATE
158 '
Page
Log Of Test Drill No.
3of 4
Ml 14-B 1PROJECT
JOB NO.
100
105
110
115
Dril1 Rig Type Speedstar SS 15II to 24 r
spudded o 7'8" Bi.t to 10t; 8" Be10w
--I-
Elevation
Dat
,- | -. ..r'r^rtry Lrtr reyrNe , ornywryu
L25
130
135
vlsuAt ctAsslHcAiloN
DOLOI'IITIC LIMESTONE AND SILT, subangular
note: dolomitic limestone and silt from 100 |
note: light tan-gray f rom 105 t
note: more silt from I 12 I
note: dolomite and silt interbedded silty
partings from 1 14 |
modera Eely
effervescent
weakly
ef fervescent
SILT, some dolomitic limestone, silt carbon-
ate, yellowish-brown
very slightly
moist
SILT AND DOLOLIITIC LIMESTONE, silt hemetic
red and ochre yellow, limesEone - tan
very
ef fervescent
SILT Al{D LIMESTONE, hemetic redvery strongly
effervescent
very slightly
moist
SILT AND DOLOMITIC Lil'{ESTONE, subangular
note: dolomite and silt interbedded, silty
partings from 145'
140
SAAAPLE TYPE
PROJECT
JOB NO.
Mort on Th iokol . Inc .
GROUND WATER
DEPTH HOUR DAIE
159 I
Page 4 of 4
Log Of Test Drill No . M114-B 1
Dri1l Rlg Type Soeedstar SS I 5TT to ^4 I
gpudded 9 7/8" Bit to 10": 8" Below
Elevati
Dalum
E88-2039 DATE 7-10-88
150
155
150
165
175
180
185
vtsuAr cLNslHcAiloN
DOLOMITE AND SILT, rhi.n bedded, dolomire
medium gray to tan e silt , carbonate, red-
brown
silt-very strong
Iy effervescent
dolomite-rdeakly
effervescent
DOLOMITIC LII'IESTONE AND SILT, medium bedd€d ,
dolomitic gray I silt - medj.um broum
note: silt hemetic red from 165 I
DOLOMITE AI.ID SILT, dolomite reddish gray and
dark gray
rrater rate
recovery
SILT, reddish-brown
note: greenish brown from 180 t
note: dark gray from 183'
Stopped drilling at 185 I
190
SAAAPLE WPE
PROJECT
JOB NO.
I"lorton Thiokol , Inc.
GROUND WATER
DEPIH HOUR DATE
146 |
Page I of 4
Log Of Test Dri11 No. M508-Bl
Drill Rig Typs Bucvrus Erie, Cable Tool
Location
Elevati
Datu
_t_
888-2039 DATE 6-26-88
vtsuAt ctAssrFrcATroN
SILT AND CLAY, some organics r csrbonate,
yellowish-bror^rn
very strongly
effervescent
GMVEL, interbedded silt , clay and sand, f ine
to medium, - guartzite clasts, r€d, greeo r bro
carbonate dark gray
%
SILT AI{D CLAY I some gravel and sand, dolomit€,
quartzite and limestone clasts, very fine,
( 3nrn to 3cm) , Bray
SILTY CLAY, some very fine gravel less than
1 crn r and sand clasts angular to subangular ,
limestone greater that 70%, guart zLte oxidiz
€d , orange brown, brolrnish-green and reddish-
brown
note: light greenish-gray from 25'
GMVEL AND CLAY, some silt and sand clasts,
fine to medium and limestone quartzite and
siltstone r csrbonat€, clay - pale green
note: no gravel from 47' to 49 |
SAA/IPLE WPE
PROJECT
JOB NO.
Morton Thiokol Inc.
888-2039 DATE 6-27-88
GROUND WATER
DEPTH HOUR DATE
L46 |
Page 2 of 4
Log of Test Drill No. M5O8-R I
Dri11 Rig Type Bucvnrgl.r-ie _Cabl e Tool
Locatio
Elevatio
Dalu
_l _
vrsuAt ctAsstFtcATroN
SAND AND CLAY, some very f lne gravel , veri-gat
ed approximately 70% green, clasts 2mm to 2cm
subangular, carbonates, sandstone, guart zite,
clay - pale green, sand reddish-bror^,n
very
ef fervescent
3' /Hr
S ILT AI{D CLAY , some very f ine gravel , clasts
subangular to angular r oxidized pyrite nodule
to 4nrn sizee clay - pale green
note: clasts primarily dolomlte and quart-
zite, subangular 0.5cm to 2cm from 70 t
strongly
effervescent0'/ttr
SILT, trace of cIay, some sand and f j,ne
gravel, clasts subangular to angular, no
oxid Lzed pyr j-te (about 3 I thick)
SILT AlilD CLAY, some very f ine gravel , clasts
subangular to angular r oxid ized pyr j-te nodule
to 4mm sLze, clay - pale green
GRAVEL, sandy clay and silt , fine clasts
quartzLt.e approximately 707", sandstone r c8r-
bonates , clay - pale grayi-sh-green with oxi.de
pyrite
GMVEL AND SILTY SAlilD, wi.th inrerbedded silt
and c1ay, sand f i.ne, minor f ine to medium
gravel, 2cm size, subangular to angulsr r
sand - medi-um reddish-brown, clay - pale
moderarely I ereen with oxide Pyrite
effervescent
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
o
SAA,IPLE WPE
PROJECT
JOB NO.
Morton Thiokol. Inc.
GROUND WATER
DEPTH HOUR DAIE
TL6 I
Page 3 of 4
Log Of Test Drill No. M508-Bl
Drill Rlg Type Bucyrus Erie Cable T
Location
Elevati
Datu
E88-2039 DATE 6-28-88
-l-
vtsuAL ctAssrFrcAiloN
SILT AND CLAY, with interbedded sand and fine
gravel, sandstone and carbonates r sand and
gravel - pale grayish-green, sand orang j-sh-
brown , Etavel - quart ziEe
very strongly
ef fervescent
GMVEL , some i-nterbedded sand , s i1E and clay ,
fine, 0.2cm to 4cm quartzit€, sandsLone,
carbonates
GMVEL AND SAND, some interbedded silt and
clay, BrBveI coarse to very fine, subangular
to angular
moderately
effervescent
SILT AND CLAY, small amount
gravel, greenish-gray with
of sand and fine
some orange-brown
GMVEL, some sand and silt ' f ine
SAMPLE WPE
I"lorton Thiokol , Inc.
GROUND WATER
DEPIH HOUR DATE
L46 |
Page 4 of 4
Log Of
Dril1
Test Drill No - M508-BI
Rig Type Bucvrus Erie Cable Tool
Locatio
Elevatio
Datum
PROJECT
JOB NO.E88-2039 DATE 6-29-88
150
155
160
165
175
180
185
-l- ^rrr^rtr.r rrlttct/tlrc a Ofnyf flyL,
VISUAT CLASSIFICAIION
SILT, clay and gravel, fine
GMVEL, SILT AND SAIID , Et?vel coarse to f ine
up to 4" quartzite, dolomit€, angular
caving
water rate
recovery
SILT AND CLAY, some sand and f ine gravel ,
angular to subangular r silt - gray
Stopped drilling at 180 I
190
SA^/IPLE WPE
PROJECT
JOB NO.
Morton Thiokol. Ine.Log 0f
Dri11
Page 1 of 3
Test Drill No . I'{636-8 I
Rig Typ
888 -2039_ DATE 7-10-88
Locatio
Elevati
Dalu
GROUND WATER
DEPTH HOUR DATE
76',7 -L5-8[
vtsuAt ctAsslFlcAiloNREMARKS
SILT AND COBBLES, some sand ' clasts quart-
zJ-te, angular micaceous , iron oxide staining
silt - medium bror^ln
no effervescence
SANDY SILT ' some gravel , yellowish-bro!{n
quartzite clasts angular to subangular
rnicaceous , iron oxide staining , f ine to
medium approxlmately 318" size, silt tan
note: less sand, Bravel fine to coarse from
I4t to L7'
note: less sand from zlt Eo 291
=-!-=1 qtrpntrNTSAMPLE WPE HAilqXtNS t. BFCXWITH
I"lorton Thiokol, Inc .
Page
Test Drill No.
2 of 3
I'1636-BlPROJECT
JOB NO.888 -2039 DATE 7 -LI-88
Log Of
Dril-1 Rlg Type Star 25 K
GROUND WATER
DEPTH HOUR DATE Locatio
Elevatio
Dalum
QUARTZTTE, varigated red, tgo r buff ' green-
brown
note: mostly dark reddish brown from 70 t
SAMPLE WPE -l _
vtsuAL ctAsslflcAiloN
note: lesS sand from 55 t to 60 t
no effervescence
very slightly
moist
very slightly
moist
no effervescencel QUARTZTTE AND srLT, silt decomposed shale,
pinkish-brordn
note: quartzite very dark gray ' silt medium
brown from 85 I
water rate
recovery
slightly moist I oote: more silt from 90 |
ffi
rfdid
J.A''J.
ffi$
, tfi, SERGENT. HAUST(INS & BECKWITH
PROJECT Morton Thiokol . Inc.
GROUND WATER
DEPTH HOUR DATE
Page 3 of 3
Log Of Test Drill No-M6 36-8 1
Drill Rig Type ---$tar 25 K
Location
Elevatio
Datu
JOB NO. F'.88-2039 DATE 7-13-88
_t_J7t,
vrsuAt ctAsslFlcATloN
Stopped drilling at 108 I
SAAAPLE WPE qFPGFNT HAI
'SXINS
& BECKWITH
DAI LY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
t30tt SUNNY DALE DRIVI . mCrA!. UTAH I
aDate: 6-17-88 cllent sHB Hole No.
-U olect MTI Depth lrom rurlace, etart ol rhllt
Drlve tlme: to flel d
-lr
fleld:
-
Depth lrom surface, end of shlft
Total lootage drllled
It.
It.
It,
OFFICE
SHOP
259.772t
259.87.2e
INTERVALTIME
-'om
6: 00
REMARKS
IIob f rom SLC
Class
Move equipment to M136-NO POWER
To run steam cleaner
Left Prop. to get set uP for Gen.
Drlller
Helper
1O: 30
-o
Day ol
the Week
l^t o.MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Totil From To Total
Casing;
DAI LY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
40tt SUNNY DALE DRIVE - HOAB, UTAH Ca8lrl
CIIent - SHR - Hole No.
OFFICE
SHOP
259.772
259.97?
Date:6-18-88
'olect: It{T I
Drlve ttme: to flel d
-lr
fleld: -
Depth lrom aurlaco, 8tart ol ohllt
Depth lrom surface, end ol shlft
Total lootage drllled
It.
ft.
It.
INTERVALT!ME
rom
8: 30
REMARKS
Arrived M136 W steam cleaner and Gen.
Put l iner in Pit
Cleaner & Gen.
Go after Gen.
Steam cleaner
Drlller
Helper
Day oI
the Week:
MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Total From To Total
Casing;
DAILY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4otl SUNNY DALE DRIVE.llOAB, UTAH fl63'l
SHB
OFFICE
SHOP
259.7721
259.872{
Date: 6- 19- 8 8
'ofect: MT I
Drlve tlme: to lleld lr lleld:
-
Hole No.
Depth lrom rurlace, start ol shllt
Depth lrom surlace, end ol ehlft.
Total lootage drllled
CIlent
It.
,r.
It.
INTERVALTIME
rom
REMARKS
Move e ui ment from Burning ground area
BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Totil From To Total
MUD USED TYPo
Day ol
the Week:
Drlller
Helper
Size
Name
Casing;
DAI LY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4oll SUNNY DALE DRTVE - llOAt, UTAH ta6$l
SHB
OFFICE
SHOP
259-772r
259-87.2t
Date:6-20-88 CIIent
'ofect: MT I
Drlve tlme: to lleld
-lr
lleld:
Hole No.
Depth from aurface, etart of chllt
Depth lrom surlace, end ol ghlft.
Total lootage drllled
It.
It.
ft.
INTERVALTIME
-,r 30
REMARKS
Arr ive wi t h atthFax steam cleaner & Gen.
Steam cleaner
Go after S. C.
Back to site
Set up to steam
Steam clean
MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Totil From To Total
Casing;Day of
the Week:
Drlller
Helper
DAILY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4ott SUNNY DALE DRTVE - llOAB, UTAH taSli:l
Cllent -SEB Hole No.
Depth lrom aurface, atart ol shltt
Drlve tlme: to fleld
-
lr fleld: -Depth lrom surlace, end ol shlft.
Total lootage drllled
OFFICE
SHOP
259.772
259.97.2
Date: 6- 21- 8I
ofect:MTI It.
It.
It.
INTERVALTIME
-'om
8:00
REMARKS
Arr ived at s ite with Prof . st eam cleaner
[Iike & Dale take dri 11 pipe to be
sand blasted
Steam
ldove SS15 to M-39 Rig up
Broke air hose on com ressor
1-: OO
:00
R:50
-o
MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Totil From To Total
Casing;Day ol
the Week
Drlller
Helper
DAI LY HEPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4otl SUNNY DALE DRIVE . mOAB, UTAH L5ll2
SHB
OFFICE
SHOP
259.7726
259.9726
Date: 6-22-88 Cllent
-ofect: IUT I
orlYe llme: to fleld
-fr
fleld: -
Hole No.
Depth lrom aurface, etart ol shlft
Depth lrom surlace, end ol ahlft
Total lootage drllled
It.
It.
tt.
INTERVALTIME
lom-
REMARKS
Arrive at site
Wait for building to open
Start hole
Clutch on compressor sl ipping
work on clutch
Dri11
Clutch on comp .
Conf . with IUTI
Take clutch off rig
Drlller
Helpor
10: 30
11: 45
La', 0
Ng.MUD USED TYPo
Day ol
the Week:
BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAG E
Type No.From To Totel From To Total
Tooth Lz-L /4
Casing;
DAILY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4otl SUNNY DALE DRIVE .llOAB, UTAH
SHB
tasll2
OFFICE
SHOP
259-772t
259-872t
Date: 6-2 3- 88 Cllent
of ect: L{Tr
Drlve tlme: to fleld
-lr
fleld:-
Hole No.
Depth lrom rurface, ctart ol shllt
Depth lrom surface, end of ahlft
Total lootage drllled
It.
It.
It.
TIME-
F
rom
6: 30
11 :45
.r:00
REMARKS
Mob 22 Wz Cab Ie r ig
Set to steam
St eam
Steam cleaner
Drlller
Helper
:15l
Day of
the Week
INTERVAL
MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE,
To I TotalTo I Total
Casing;
Name
Dutch Todd
DAILY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
aolt SUNNY DALE DRIVE - llOAB, UTAll r4&l:l
SHB
OFFICE
SHOP
259.772
259-872
Dale: 6.-24-88 Cllent
rofect' FIT I
Drlve llme: to lleld
-
lr fleld:
-
Hole No.
Depth lrom aurface, gtarl ol shltt
Depth lrom surlace, end ol shlft
Total lootage drllled
It.
ft.
It.
INTERVALTIME
rom
REMARKS
Arrived with new Gen. and repaired
steam cleaner
Steam elean
D
11 :45
MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN
Type No.From To Tot0l From
FOOTAGE
To I Total
Day ol
the Wee!
Drlller
::::::
Casing;
Mik€,
DAILY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
ao.t SUNNY DALE DRIVE - llOA3. UTAH !'lttl
Date: 6-27-88 Cllent SHB Hole No.
of ect:MTI Depth lrom aurface, alart ol shllt 20 lt.
Drlve tlme: to flel d
-lr
fleld:
-
Depth lrom surlace,
Total lootage drllled
oFFtcE 259.7728sHoP 259.872e
M508-B1
end ol ghlft tt.
It.
INTERVALTIME
_ E'om
- -10:30
1 :00
REMARKS
Steam buckets
I{arm and serv i ce dr i 11
,t{ait on MTI personnel
Dr i 11 in g -cI ay-brown
Sand- gr avel
Gravel-some clay-Brown-Red
Drlller
Helpor
11: 15
30
Day of
the Week:
MU D USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAG E
Type No.From To Totil From To Total
Casing;
Trent
DAILY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4ott SUNNY DALE DRIvE - mOAB, UTAH ra82
Cllent sHR - Hole No.
.1Date: 6-29- 88
rof ect: MT I
Drlve tlme: lo fleld
-lr
lleld: -
OFFICE
SHOP
M3 9-81
Depth lrom turface, atarl ol shllt L46
Deplh lrom surlace, end ol shlft 242
Total lootage drllled 96
259.772t
259.872t
It,
It.
It.
INTERVALTIME
E
'om
8: O0
1 :00
REMARKS
Move HzO trupk from steam area t o Cab le toc
hel bu1ld up Bit-wait on clearance to get
into rotar
Drive to rotary-warm up service rig
Tr ip out- check f or HZO rvit h drawn down met e
Trip in-B1ow hole to dry wa1ls
Fi 11 (from not cleaning hole when shut dowr
LT,TST Damo to 158
Shut down to do HoO leveI test-no rea
S i It -Brown-Red Sof t DamP
LmSt. Hard
SiLt-Brown (Sandy silt) DrY Soft
LmSt Hard
Silt-Brown Soft
LmSt Hard
Si It Semi Hard Not blowing any dust at
235 Est.3-5
Day of
the Week
Drlller
Helper
10 :45
ut
231 poss. HZO blowing HZO at
FOOTAGE
To I Total
BITS USED HOURS RUN
To I Total
t'o.MUD USED TYPo
I
I
5:30 Blow hole trip
to
6: 10
Casing;
Randy
DAI LY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
aotl SUNNY DALE DRIVE - mOAB, UTAH t4&u
CIlent SHB
Depth lrom aurlace, 8tart ol shltt 115
180Deplh lrom surlace,
Total lootage drlllod
OFFICE
SHOP
Hote No. Ivl50q_E1
end ol shlft
65
259.772
259.972
Date: 6-29-88
rof ect:
Drlve llme: to llel d
-lr
lleld: -
MTI It.
It.
tl.
INTERVAL
I
TIME
rom
5 :45
i: 10
J:45
1:45
4: OO
4: 00 4:45
5: 0O
20
15
20 8: 0O ]-70 180
No.MUD USED TYPo
180 gallons
water used to dril1
REMARKS
Dr ive to i ob
Dress bit
Wait for Burn Permit
Dr i l1ing
C1 ay, silts, gravel-Brown
Lunch
Dr i I1 ing
Clay, silt , Etavel-Brown
Silt Brown
Gravel
Silt , cI ay , fine gravel-large grav€1, eaving
Haul water
Put sand line on shear
Dri1l
Silt-gravel water at 165?
1et hole set to test water
Bai I about 10 gal lon s
Drill-Si1t, Bravel 3GPI'{
I{e 11 makes about 3 GPM
Day of
the Week:
Drlller
Helper
D
BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Totil From To Total
DAILY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4oat SUNNY DALE DFIvE - llOAB, UTAH
SHB
taSlu
OFFICE
SHOP
259.772
259.87?
Date:6-30-88
ofect:MTI
Drlve ttme: to fleld
-lr
fleld:
Cllent Hole No.
Depth lrom eurlace, atarl ol chllt
Depth from surrace, end of shlft
Total lootage drllled
It.
It.
It.
INTERVALTIME
rom
REMARKS
Unload 8" casing-4" stainless Screens & p1p
Move pipe truck to steam atea-steam pipe
move pipe truck to lower parkin g ar ea
steam clean rig-Generator died before
f in ished steaming r ig-work on Gen . couldn ' t
make it rult-e1ect r ical Droblem
Move rig & pump truck to lower parking area
Fuel r ig
Drive to M508-B1 lift tools off bucket
check HZO level-Set tools back on bucket
( 45 minute lunch )
Day of
the Week:
Drlller
Helpor
-
10: 30
MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Totil From To Total
Trent
DAILY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4ott SUNNY DALE DRIVE - mOAB. UTAH llGrl
Cllenl SHB
OFFICE
SHOP
M1L4-81
259-772r
259-872t
Date: 7 -5 & 7-6-88
of ect:MTI
Drlve llme: to fleld
-
lr fleld:
-
Hole No.
Depth lrom aurfaco, gtart ol ahllt It.
Depth lrom surlace,
Total lootage drllled
end ol shlft. 15 lt'
15 _lt.
INTERVALTIME
-rom
+:00
4:L5
t:15
REMARKS
Exchange generators-pick up bit and have
sand blasted- drive to site
Finish steam cleaning rig-bits-stab
Subs-wrap subs-bits etc. in plast ic
7 -6- 88
Unload PVC-steam bit-rig & Pipe
move to IU1 L4-B1 Set up-take bit s-Subs'-
rubbers-sl ips re-ste am
Drilline-to soil
Bou lders- sand
LmSt
Steam casing 10'2" -Run in hole
break sub off 4-Il2 and steam elean
on Thiokol to driIl
Dr i l1ing-Fr act . LmSt cav ing losing a1r
trip out-pulI casing-haul bit & pipe truck
to steam area to steam clean
Day of
the Week:
Drlller
Helper
MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Totil From To Total
Casing;
Randy
Name Tues
DAILY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4ott SUNNY DALE DRIvE - mCrAB, UTAH Ca6ll2
Cllent SHB Hole No.
-a.-- -
- - - I
Depth lrom eurface, start ol shllt
Drlve llme: to fleld
-lr
lleld:
-
Depth lrom surlace, end of shlft 40
Total lootage drllled 40
TIME REMARKS
Unload 4-L l2 PVC- send new employees for
training
Move 221t1? to steam
st eam c lean
It{ove to site
Rig up
Dril1
silt
Silt and elay
Some gravel
OFFICE
SHOP
259-772t
259-87.2t
Date: 7-6- 88
olect:MTI It.
tt.
tt.
Day of
the Week:
Drlller
Helpor
INTERVAL
9: 00
11 :45
o:15
^ ..45
MUD USED TYPo
LzO galIon water
BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
To I TotalTo I Totel
Casing;
DAI LY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
aOtt SUNNY DALE ORIVE. llOAB. UTAH Ca6lU
SHB
oFFlcE 259-772(sHoP 259.872(
M1L4-81Date:7-7-88 CllenI
rf ect:MTI
Drlve tlme: to fleld
-lr
fleld:-
Hole No.
Depth lrom aurface, 8tart ol shlrt 15 lt.
Depth lrom surface,
Total lootage drllled
end of ahlft 18
3 lt.
It.
INTERVALTIME
-D
om
7:L5
o:45
1' :00
REMARKS
Fil1ed water truck
Wa ited on Co . man
Steam clean pipe and bit (weId pipe tongs
on r ig ) Rimmed hol e unt i 1 72: 00
Cobble rock
lTorked on t able tran
1-: 30
MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Total From To Total
Casing;Day of
the Week:
Drlller
":per
Jerry
DAI LY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4olt SUNNY DALE ORIVE - H(,AB, UTAH Cacu
-Date:
7-9-88 Cllent SHB Hole No. hl
l! {ecr: MTr Depth lrom turlace, atarl ol rhllt
OFFICE
SHOP
259.7726
259.87.26
Hole No. Ir[-1I4-81
15 lt.
Depth lrom surlace,
Total lootage drllled
end of shlft 28 lt.
13 It.
INTERVALTIME
-
'om
7:15
.t I 30
REMARKS
Service 25K rig
Starter went out on zlK-work on starter
t ook st art er out an d rvent t o Ogden t o
get new starter
Put starter on rig
Set rig up on UI ]-t.4-81 hole
Reamed hole to 15 '
Drill into bedrock at 20'
shut down at 25'
MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Totil From To Total
g-7 /8 15 20 5
7-7 /8 20 28 8
Casing;Day ol
the Week:
Drlller
Helpor
t
r- t
DAILY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4OIT SUNNY DALE DRIVE . I'OAB, UTA}I C'632
SHB
oFFtcE 259.772sHoP 259.972
ru 114-81
Date:7 -10- 88 Cllent
of ect:MTI
Drlve ttme: to fleld
-lr
fleld:
-
Hole No.
Depth lrom curface, start ol shlll 26 ll.
Depth lrom surlace,
Total lootage drllled
end of ghltt 18 5
159
It.
It.
INTERVALTIME
F
rom
7:L5
v:05
^: 05
-:45
1o:20
\2:50
20
50
.r:00
-:00
Size Feet
8 20t ztt
REMARKS
Steam clean casing and rig tools
Set casing started drilling with 7-7 l8 bit
Cl ay and gravel damp
Limestone dry-shut down for water test
No wat er st art ed dr i 11- 1 imestone
silt
Limestone
Silt, sand
Limestone, silt
Silt-water blowhole
Blowho1e trip out PiPe
Rig dor,.,n-move to steam clean atea
Steam clean 25K rig
Set up on hole M636-B1
Day of
ihe Week:
Drlller
Helper
L2: OZ
1 :18
MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Tot0l From To Total
7-7/8 26 185 159
Jerry
Casing;
DAI LY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
aott SUNNY DALE DRIVE - MOAB. UTAH t4Grl
CIlent SHB
oFFtcE 259.772'sHoP 259.87.2t
M 63 6-81
Dale:7 -L1 -88
of ect:T.,IT I
Drlve tlme: to lleld
-
lr lleld: -
Hole No.
Depth lrom eurlace, alart ol shlrt O lt.
Depth lrom surlace,
Total lootage drllled
end of shlft It.
It.
INTERVALTIME
'om
'l :30
REMARKS
Steam clean drill tools and suppl ies
Drill pilot hole 7-7 18 silt and grave
Steam clean drill pipe , easing dust pot , etc
Started drilling pilot hole-silt and gravel
hit bedrock 60'
Rim hol e wit h 9-7 I 8 cas ing b it
Unload casing
Day ol
the Week:
Drlller
Helper
1U: O0
-:30
q: 45
MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Tot0l From To Total
7-7 l8 o 68 68
g-7 l8 0 38
Casing;
DAI LY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4otl SUNNY DALE ORIVE . llOAB, UTAH Cl532
SHB
OFFICE 259.772r
SHOP 259-87.2r
M 636-81Date:7,-L2-88 Cllent
'rof ecl:MTI
Drlve tlme: to llel d
-lr
lleldi -
Hole No.
Depth lrom aurlace, start ol ghltt 68 lt.
Depth from eurface,
Total lootage drllled
end of shllt ft.
It.
INTERVALTIME
rom
ti:30
':00
i: 30
8:45
REMARKS
Get fuel
Drive to Thiokol and check in with Dersonrlt
Fuel and service rig
Starter out on rig-removed starter
Went to Ogden to get repl acement and
mechanic to put starter in.
Rimmed hol e to 60 '
St eam cleaned cas ing
Started setting casing
Finished sett ing casing
Day of
the Week
Drlller
::::::
MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAG E
Type No.From To Totil From To Total
g-5 lg 40 60
7-7 l8
Casing;
DAILY REPORT
& DRILL LOG oFFICE 2s9.772sHoP 259.97.2
63 6-81Hole No. M
Depth lrom aurfaco, start ol shlft 68
Depth lrom surlace, end ol shlft 108
Total lootage drllled
It.
It.
It.
Zimmerman net Service
4otl SUNNY DALE DRIvE - HOAB, UTAI{ uc!2
Date: 7- 13- 8 8 CIlent
of ect:MTI
Drlve tlme: to fleld
-lr
lleld:-
SHB
INTERVAL
-
TIME
'oJn
7: ll0
y: :LO
1 n '.'rZO
150
7:30
Size Feet
8r 58'
REMARKS
I{aited on ;rsonnel
Cleaned hole to 68'
Quartzite
Silt-Quartzite damP
Hit wat er
Shut down for 712 hour to check water flol
rat e
CI eaned out hole and checked water flow rat
RiS down and moved to steam clean area
Steamed eleaned wel l , rig , pipe , i acks ,
Rig 25K and dri1I PiPe
Day ol
the Week:
Drlller
Helper
0:l
MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Totil From To Total
7-7 /8 68 108 108
Jerry
Casing;
DAI LY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4ott SUNNY DALE DRIVE - M(,AB, UTAH Oa6ll,l
Dale: z-2O-RR Cllent SHB Hole No. 508
'of ect: MTI Depth lrom surface, 8tart ol shllt
Drlve tlme: to lleld
-lr
lleld: -Depth lrom surfaco, ond of shlft.
Total lootage drllled
OFFICE
SHOP
259.772
259.972
It.
It.
It.
INTERVALTIME
-rom
7: ilo
: i]0
1;[
J' : -15
REMARKS
Meet ing
St eam- Move equipment to 508
Run screens
Pump Ben seal and cement
Top of GP 165
Drlller
Helper
Casing;Day of
the Week:
o.MUD USED TYPo-6;T/2 16-4O Sand
1 BucJ<et Pe11et s
-ZT Ben SeaI
ffit
BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Tot0l From To Total
Size Feet
:10- PVC Scre n
:L72 ' PVC 4-L l2
8 ' cutof f
Dutch
DAILY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4ott SUNNY DALE DRIVE - llOAB, UTAll Ca&12
SHB
OFFICE
SHOP
636
259.772
259.872
Date: 7 -2L-88 Cllent
:olecl:MTI
Drlve tlme: to llel d
-lr
fleld:
-
Hole No.
Depth lrom rurlace, atart ol shllt
Depth lrom surlace, end ol shlft
Total lootage drlllod
It.
It.
ll.
INTERVALTIME
-'oln
8:
l-: 00
.r: 00
REMARKS
Pick up su l ies
Help Dale- Take motor off steam cleaner
Get motor
Steam clean-Gen.
Run screens- G. P.
MUD USED TYPE
5 Sacks 29-40
BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAG E,
Type No.From To Tot0l From To Total
Casing;Day of
the Week:
Drlller
Helpor
Size Feet
10' screen 4"
96' PVC LL/2"
5 ' cutof f
Dutch
Name Thurs
l- I\.
Zimmerman neil Service
4ott SUNNY DALE ORIVE - llOAB, UTAH Ca6lrl
Cllent SHB
DAILY REPORT
& DRILL LOG OFFICE
SHOP
636
259.77i
259.973
Date: 7=22-88
rofect:MTI
Drlve tlme: to fleld
-
lr fleld: -
Hole No.
Depth lrom aurface, elart ol shllt
Depth lrom surlaco, ond of shlft
Total lootage drlllod
It.
,r.
,r.
INTERVALTIME
'rom
7:L5
3:00
11: 30
2:30
1:30
2:30
REMARKS
Pick up materials
Mix Ben Seal puII Casing
Mix cement -set -Prot . cas ing
[{ove equ ipment t o yard
Work on Generator
Steam
GP 90-106
Ben 20-90
Gennent o -2o
Drlller
Helper
Day of
the Week:
MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Tot0l From To Total
Casing;
DAILY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4otl SUNNY DALE DRTVE - MOAB, UTAH Ca6ll2
SHB
OFFICE
SHOP
M-39
259.772
259.972
Date: 7 -27 -88
of ect:MTI
Drlve tlme: to lleld
-lr
lleld: -
Hole No.
Depth lrom surlace, clart ol ahllt
Depth lrom surlace, end ol shlft
Total lootage drllled
Cllent
It.
ft.
It.
INTERVALTIME-
T-
lom REMARKS
Steam clean
Move equipment Bail hole
Run screens, casing and grave pac
Bottom of sereen 237'
+ 11 x = 3 3tt -7240 t
Top of ravel @ 2O2
Drlller
Helpor
10: 130
+:00
^t o.MUD USED TYPo
7 sacks 2O-4O
Day of
the Week:
BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Totil From To Total
Casing;
L0' PVC scree
ir40, Pvc Dutch
DAILY REPORT
ET DRILL LOG Zimmerman ne[ Service
aott SUNNY DALE ORtvE - HOAB. UTAH tlGlll
Cllent sHR Hole No.
a'-
OFFICE
SHOP
M-39
259.771
259.87:
Date: J-28-88
rrolecl; It{T I Depth lrom surface, starl of shltt
Depth lrom surlace, end of shlft.
Total lootage drllled
It.
It.
ll.
INTERVAL
-
TIME
rom
8: 00
a: 00
't o.MUD USED TYPo
LZ Ben. seal
5 cemet
18 concrete
Casing;
REMARKS
Grout hole
Go after concrete-Jerry digging holes
for post
Set 3 6" posts Pour Pro. Pad
Make lock ing we 11 cap
Move equ ipment
Down f or l ightn ing storm
Drlller
Helper
Day of
the Week:
BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To TotAl From To Total
Size Feet
:18 I 6rt steel
8tt5r steel
Zimmerman neil Service
.OIT SUNNY
CIlent
DALE ORI\/E .llOAB. UTAII lleU
SHB
DAI LY REPORT
& DBILL LOG
8-5-88
OFFICE
SHOP
M L74
259-7726
259.9726
Date:Hole No.
Depth lrom aurlace, start ol shllt L87
Depth lrom gurrace, end of shllt 792
Total lootage drllled
lf ect: MTr
DrlYe tlme: to flel d
-fr
fleld:
It.
It.
tt.
INTERVAL
.D
TIME
om
No.MUD USED TYPo
REMARKS
Stand by-waiting on Thiokol and SHB personn
Helped rig down cable tool and move
on drill site
Moved rig to hole r ].ppe
started clean:.ng
Drilled hole 5 ' to L92'
Tripped out of hole and rigged down
Ran PVC casing into hole
Started steaming rig and drill p lpe
Day of
the Week:
Drlller
Helpor
BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
TyPe No.From To Totil From To Total
6-8 l9 Rock 5r
Denn 1s
DAI LY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4otl SUNNY DALE DRIVE - HOAB. UTAH C.s:u
Cllent SHB_ SHB Hole No.
OFFICE
SHOP
LL4
259.7726
259.8726
Date: - R'- 5- R R
cf ect: MTI
Drlue tlme: to fleld
-
lr fleld: -
Depth lrom aurlaco, 8tart ol shlft
Depth lrom surlace, end of shltt
Total lootage drllled
It.
It.
,r.
D
TIME
om
'/ : 30
N9,MUD USED TYPo
LZ 2O-4O Sand
Casing;
REMARKS
I{ork on Stang1 Construct ion pump
Steam equipment }{ove 25K
Clean hole Drill to
Run screens, cas:-ng , Brave pac
Top of gravel @ 163'
Drlller
Helper
Day oI
the Week:
INTERVAL
BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Totil From To Total
Size Feet
11-3 Screen
L74-6 4-L l2
5-6 cutoff 4-L /2 Jerry
DAI LY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4O'I SUNNY DALE DRIVE. MOAI, UTAH TI5:III
Date: 8-8-88 Cllent SHR Hole No.
of ect:MTI Depth lrom aurface, Btart ol chllt
Drlve tlme: to lleld
-
lr lleld: -Depth lrom surface, end oI ghlft
Total lootage drllled
OFFICE
SHOP
7r4
259-772t
259-87.2r
It.
It.
,r.
INTERVALTIME
rom
8:00
: ):30
L2: 00
?:00
i: 15
REMARKS
Pump benseal down hole
Left site for cement
Cement top 20'
Pour pad and posts
Drive 22W2 to SLC
Drlller
Helper
Day ol
the Week:
MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Totil From To Total
Casing;
Benseal
Cement
Concret Jerry
DAI LY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
aott SUNNY DALE ORIVE - llOAB, UTAH Catll2
Cllent SHB
Depth lrom aurfaco, start ol shlft
Drlve llme: to lleld
-
lr fleld:
-
Depth lrom surface, end of shlft
Total lootage drllled
OFFICE
SHOP
Hote No. C9-L'1114
259.7726
259.8726
Date: 1!:3-98
rf ect:UIT I Ir.
It.
Ir.
INTERVALTIME REMAfiKS
FiII fuel cans- Blue flat bed-tan Chev
Tripout 1" Galv pipe from C-1
Tr ipout 1" Galv p ipe f rom C-9
St art pump on C-9 to clean llp water
Move pump truck to IvI-IL4 eve Iopmen
stea.m nIaan 1Rn' nf 1tt Galv
Trip in 1 ' of Galv
l{ove green generator
ut down pump a SO urn ].n
can burn
Clean up wor e,up eq
take tire off from trailer to be fixed
51
3
t
a
aJ-
1
1O:00
^'c.MUD USED TYPo
Day of
the Week:
Drlller
Helper
BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Totil From To Total
DAI LY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4otl SUNNY DALE DRtvE - MOAB, UTAH c{*r:l
Dato: 10-4-88 Cllent - SHB Hole No. M
rfect: MTI Depth lrom rurlaco, starl of rhllt
Drlve tlme: to lleld
-lr
fleld:-Depth lrom gurface, end ol ghltt
Total lootage drllled
OFFICE
SHOP
114-C9
259.772e
259.872e
It.
It.
It.
INTERVALTIME
I'
om
'l :30
11:3
9
1
l
1^
REMARKS
FilI fuel cans- Blue flat bed
FueI generators'pump truck-water truck
Start pump test C-9 APprox. 10 GPM
Start development M LL4 Approx. 3 GPM
Raise pump from 186 to 183
Raise pump from 183 to 180
Raise pump from 180 to L77
Lower pump from L77 to 180
Lower pump from 180 to
Lower pump from 183 to 186
Development Approx. 5 GPM UI1L4
Development Approx. 5 GPM Water murky
Dump water truck
Development complete
1 :4
I
1
a
a
a
D
2
_1l
f
1
Day ol
the Week:
Drlller
Helper
MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
Type No.From To Tot0l From To Total
Casing;
DAI LY REPORT
& DRILL LOG Zimmerman neil Service
4ott SUNNY DALE ORIvE - tlOAB, UTAH c{Grl
Cllent SHB
OFFICE
SHOP
c9-1,{L74 C4
259.772
259.872
Date:10-5-8 8
of ect:MTI
Drlve ttme: to fleld
-fr
lleld:-
Hole No.
Depth lrom eurface, etart of shlft
Depth from surlace, end ol shlft
Total lootage drllled
It.
It.
It.
TIME
'om
6: 00
-':30
I :00
REMARKS
Fuel
Pump test 7 .5 GPM C-9
Pump test comp ete
Trip out 1' Galv from M114
Trip out 1 ' GaIv from C-9
Stepm 422" of Galv 1 I P ipe
Move pump truck
Trip 422.", of 1!' Galv PiPe in C-4
Fuel Generator and equipment
Hook to work truck to tow to Brigham to
be f ixed
L..:00
INTERVAL
MUD USED TYPo BITS USED HOURS RUN FOOTAGE
TyPe No.From To Total From To Total
Casing;Day of
the Week:
Drlller
Helper
cvd E. Alr, iln lt'|s. !u YLlit. lrkuil'Exfty.l(ta,ll. rrGlo{dEarsE rvlnl(,llroE o orrfi'Ei@ -l-
wi,
-l-
ltLltr^YC38 ? SNIXS0VH 'lN3gH3S I
o
.oo
.Llr|GL
o
U
xozulo-o.
Well or Piezometer
Completion Record
Diameter
Type of
of Casing - 4.5tt
Casing PVC - SDR 1-
-i-I
He j-ght to ToP
of Surface CaP
Backfill tlaterial
BtrN SE'T, ,
Perf orat,ed
Section
10t
sr.fft
Section 0. q I
I
7
To taI
Length of
Casing
109 .5 t
3r
t,)
s\,q
r-
a
I\a,;
Depth of
Boring
109 '
Sand
or
Gravel
Pack 15. q t
Well or PLezometer I.D. :I,1-6 3 6
Site: Morton Thi-oko1 . Inc .
Ground Water E1evat j-on: ?6 t
Corqentg:
Date Completedz 7-22-88
SHB Job No: E88 -2039
Perf orati.on
TyPe
0.010tt
Y
_{
I
rD
r SERGENT, HAUSKINS 8 BECKVITH
ll7 'B lt @NsuLTu{G cEcrTEcHxtcet- E}tGtNErtIwt
orE,,
Ground2gl
Backfill
Thickness
72.5'
-I
.a--
-G
--
--
-D -
--rI--rI--arr-
--
--
--
-
Well or PiezolDeter
Completion Record
Diameter
Type of
of Caslng 4 .5"
Casing PVq - SDR L7
T
of cL"insHeight
Above Ground251
Cement Grout
Backf 111
Thlckness
192'
s";["E
Sand
or
Gravel *
Pack 38 I
s";ilit
Seal J-,Iru Total
Length of
Casing
239. 5 t
Depth of
Boring
240 |
lg t r {i
&
Tttf
T.-?-,,ll
ao'
-'1.'
aa
,.'
aa
aa
aa
.aa
a
-oa
aa
i--.--
--
--
--rlr--
--.---rI--(It--
aa-
--
--
--
Perforation
Type
0 .010tt
sr"L,k
Sectio
I
n 0.51
Well or ?Lezometer I.D. i M-39
Site: Morton Thiokol Inc.
Ground Irlater Elevation:2L5.
Qornrngnts:
* Note: Required volume
placed 7 cub j.c f eet of
bridge
Date Conpleted: 7-28-88
SIIB Job No: E88 -2039
8 .9 cubi.c feet -
sand - possible
_{_
I
iD
SERGENT, HAUSKINS 8 BECNVTTH
t @NSULTII{G CE TECH}ilCAt EXGt}.Efrswi,
\
a )
t\Iq
l-
a
I\a,;
Height, to Top
of Surface CaP 3t
Backfill I'laterial
BEN SEAL
--. -i
I^lell or Piezometer
Completion Record
Diamet,er
Type of
of Casing 4 .5"
Casing PVC - SDR L7
s";m
SeaI 2t
To tal
Length of
Caslng
196. q I
Depth of
Boring
194 '-
a-..,
a
ai
aa
t.'o L
I
I
Perforated
Section
IOr
I
I
I+
nr"l,t
Section 0.5 t
I
7
aa
at'
aa
aa
-a
aaa
a
a
ata
aa
WeLl or PLezometer I.D. :M- 508
Sit,e ! Morton Th t okol . Tnc .
Ground Wat,er Elevation: 146'
Qgrrmgnts:
Date Conplet,edz 7-23-88
SHB Job No: 888 -2039
SERGENT, HAUSKINS 8 BEC)OVITFI
I @NSUU
Perforation
TyPe
0 .010tt
ITD
I'r&'u
_{_
Tof CasingHeight
Above Groun d2 .5'
Height to Top
of Surface CaP 3r
Backfill l"laterlal
REN SRAT. ,
Backfll1
Thlckness
145 '
\
I )
s\,ar'
a
I\a,;
t*
{'
lr"
5
_t
T,q,-,
Cement Grout
Pack 10 t
-t-rtx6 (3E TECHN|CA ElrctxE[ts
WeLl. or Piezometer
Complet,ion Record
Diamet,er
Type of
of Casing - 4.511
- SDR L7Casing PVC
Total
Length of
Casing
lg3 I
Perforation
lYpe
0 .010tt
Date Conpleted: 8-8-1988
SIIB Job No: E88 -2039
Depth of
Boring
100 I
Sand
or
GraveI
Pack 20 |
Perforated
Section
11.25 I
rIlIIl -(------
--.---
-!D -
.IID -r-Er -rM ---a-
rI-rD
-
-r -.l-
-alr--
sr.l,,t
Sectlon
Well or Pi.ezometer I.D . : M- 1 14-B I
Site: I"Iorton Thlokol , Inc .
Ground Water Elevati,on: 158 t
-{--rW-t-
r SERGENT, HAUSKINS 8 BEClOffn{
Helght
Above
Cement Grout
lg I
Backflll
Thlckness
143 r
Hetght t,o Top
of Surface CaP 3.5 t
Backf 111 I'larerial
BEN SEAL ,
\,)
b\,q,'
a
I\a,;
2"
Comments:
I @NIUL?IXG GETECHXICA! E}IGINEfrg
t
1r"i
o
o
x-oz]tlo.o-
o
o
SPECIFICATION TOR DETERMINATION OF UPPERMOST AQUIFER
AND SOIL HoRIZON IDENTIFICATIoN FOR M-39, M-I14, M-508
AND M-636 PHOTOGRAPHIC I.IASTE SIATER DISCHARGE SITES
ADDENDI,IM 1 TO
SPECIFICATION NO. 3-88
REVISION 1
PREPARED
. P. I'lartln
Morton Thlokol, Inc.
Support Servlces
Environmenta 1 Englneerlng
and Control
LZ !1ay 1988
I
o1
S. -tr. Ison
Envlronmen
and Cont
LZ tlay 1988
CONCURRENCE:
eerlng
CONTENTS
1 . O INSTRUCTIONS TO BIDDERS
1. 1 Background
L.2 Scope of Work
I .3 Base Bld
L.4 Quallftcatlons
I .5 Bld Evaluatton
I .6 ProJ ect Schedu le
2 .O GENERAL REQUIREMENTS
3.0 UPPERMOST AQUIFER DETERMINATION BORINGS
3.1 General
3.2 Drll1lng Methodology
3.3 Penetratlon Rate Log
3.3.1 Drlller's Log
3.3.2 Dal1y Drlllerrs Report
3.4 Sanltary Protectlon of Borlngs
3.5 Method of Water Level Measurements
3.5 Method of Water Recharge Rate Measurements
3.7 Dlscharge I{ater
3.8 Borlng Plumbness and Allgnnent
3.9 Slte Restoration
3.10 Collectlng Cuttlngs
3.11 Drll1tng Contlngencles
3.12 Well Caslng
3.12.1 l,Iell Caslng Selectlon
3.L2.2 Methods of Jolnlng
3.L2.3 Caslng and Screen Storage and Preparatlon
3.13 Protectlve Cap and Poete
3.I4 t{eII Groutlng and Fllter Pack
3.14.1 Surface Formatton Pack
3.14.2 Granular Bentonlte Grout3.14.3 Bentonlte Pelleta
3.14.4 Fllter Pack llaterlal
3.15 Well Screen and Appurtenances
3.15.1 Screen Placenent
3.15.2 Jolnlng Screen to Screen
3.15.3 Bottou Seal of Screen3.15.4 Centraltzers
3.15.5 Screen Selectlon
3.16 Well Cleanlng
4.0 Reportlng Reeults
4.1 Scope Upon Conpletlon of the Borlng Progran
4.2 Hydrogeological Portlon of the Report
4.3 Geophyslcal Sunrey Portlon of the Report
1.0 INSTRUCTION TO BIDDERS
1. I Background
Prlor to 1980, Morton Thlokol d{scharged waste water lnto one
or more photographlc process waste water dlscharge areas,
known as unlts M-39, M-l14, I'{-508, and M-636. Each
photographlc waste water dlscharge area 1s outstde and
adJac-nt to an X-ray bulldlng. The dlscharge areas recelved
hraste hrater from X-ray photographic-fllm developlng processes.
At varlous tlmee prlor to September 1982, the treated waste
water contalned sllver concentratlons 1n excess of 5.0 parts
per mll-Ilon (pprn). The treated waste water was classlfled as a
hazardous waste under appllcabl-e regulations of the U. S.
Environmental Protectlon Agency (EPA) and the UIII.JMR.
Wasatch Operatlons 1s lnplementlng a three phase plan to
comply wlth a conaent order between Horton Thlokol, Inc., and
the Utah Solld and Hazardous Waste Conrmlttee. Thls
speelflcatlon addresaes only the flrst phase, whlch 1s the
dete:mlnatlon of ground water depth and the ldentlflcatlon of
the solI horizons.
L.2 Scope of l.lork
A proposal for the detemlnatlon of the uppertrost aqulfer and
provldlng a geologlc descrlptlon of all soll horlzons
lntercepted by drllIlng and geophystcal logglng of four bore
holes. The proposal w111 conslst of the following:
1. Four, 7 7tg lnch dlaneter borlngs, deveJ-oped lnto
f our-lnch ground water monltorlng weJ-I-s.
2, On-elte geologlst detemlnatlon of uppennost aqulfer, and
revlew of bore hole cuttlngs.
3. Hydrogeologlc report of the upper moet aquifer and
geologlc report of the eoll horlzons lntercepted by the
bore hole to the uppemost aqulfer by geophyslcaL
Logglng.
1.3 Bld Base
The contractor nust bld on and be responslble for alL servlces
speclfled below. If necessary, the contractor must
subcontract eerrrlces that the contractor cannot provlde
othenrlse. Blds w111 only be accepted under these condtttons.
2.
The contract for the work descrlbed ln the attached
speclflcatlon shaLl be a luup sum contract. The bld shall be
broken down ln the followlng categorles and a prtce subrnltted
for each category:
Borlngs as specifled ln Sectlon 3.0. Bld should be a
lump sum for 1,200 feet of drllllng. The estlmated
quantlty of 1,200 feet ls provlded for bld purposes only.
If the actual quantlty ls less than or more than 1,200
feet, the contract prlce shall be rnodlfled by the owner
based on the unlt prlces provl-ded by the contractor. The
contractor shall provide a unlt price for drlIllng on a
cost per foot basls.
Ground water wells as speclfled 1n Sectlon 3.0. B1d
should be a lump suu for 1,200 feet of drllIlng and well
constructlon. The eetabllshed quantlty of 1,200 feet ls
provlded for bld purposes on1y. If the actual quantlty
of well constructlon ls less than or more than 1,200 ft,
the contract price shall be urodlfled by the owner based
on the unlt prices provlded by the drllllng contractor.
The contractor shall provlde a unlt prlce for drlIIlng
and welL constructlon on a cost per foot basls.
Geophyslcal survey of the four borlngs uslng Ganma-Gamma,
Natural-Gamma, and Neutron-Porosity Iogglng technlques.
The geophyslcal loggtng shall be contLnuous from the
uppe::urost aqulfer to the ground surface. For example,
the Gamma ray slgnatures, when uslng the Gamma-Gamma
logglng, must overlap one another. Bld should be a Iump
sum for the four borings totallng 1,200 feet, lf
appltcable. The establtshed quanttty of I,200 feet ts
provtded for bld purposes only. If the actual quantlty
ls less than or greater than 11200 feet, the contract
prlce shall be nodlfled by the owner based on the unlt
prlces provlded by the contractor. The contractor shall
provlde a unlt prlce for the geophysical logging on a per
foot basls lf appllcable.
The contractor shall be responslble for retrievlng any
geophyalcal logglng equiprnent frou the borlnge prlor to
periranently closlng, unless speclfled ln wrlting from the
Morton Thlokol, Inc., ProJect Engineer.
Sumnary reports as Bpeclf led ln Sectlon
Quallflcatlons
Each btdder shall submtt
lncludes the f ollowlng:
a Statement of Quallflcatlons that
Two coptee of the Statement of Quallflcattons.
2. In-house capabllltles tncludlng ava1lab1e equlpment and
nroleet oersonnel"
3.
1.4
3, Speclallzed experlence and technlcal competence of the
contractor, and subcontractors (1f any) especially as
related to drlIllng, geophyslcal surveys, plezometer and
well constructlon, and weLl closures at hazardous waste
sites
4. Representatlve proJects - lnclude a proJect descrlptlon,
a cl.ient reference with a telephone number, the contract
amount, and the perlod of performance.
5. Qual.lflcations of aeslgned personnel and thelr asslgned
proj ect responsibllttle6.
6. Locatlons where your firm can legalIy and loglstlcally
provlde servtces on a timely basls.
7. A llst of all subcontractors to be employed and a summary
of the servlces they w111 provlde.
8. Proof that a currently-llcenced Utah water well drlller
wl11 drtll and constratct the plezometers or we1ls.
1.5 Bld Evaluatlon
The blds w111 be evaluated on the basls of the quoted prlces'
the contractorts and subcontractorrs qualtftcatlons, and the
estlmated tlne to comEenceEent and conpletlon of work.
1.6 Project Schedule
A project schedule shall be submltted by each bldder. The
schedule w111 be taken into conslderatlon by the owner durtng
the evaluatlon of btds. It w111 be necessary for the
successful bldder to eatlsfy the lftl proJect englneer of the
contractorrs ablllty to achleve substantlal conpletlon and
f1nal conpletlon \rlthln the tLues deslgnated ln the bld.
Drll1lng and geophyelcaL survey ts to be coupleted wlthln 60
days of notlce to proceed, wlth flnal report due wlthln 90
days of notlce to proceed.
2.0 GENERAL REQUIRET{ENTS
The work ls to be perforued wlthin a RCRA designated hazardoue
rraste management facll1ty located wlthln the Morton ThLokol,
Inc., t{asatch Operattons. Accordlngly, the contractor must
adhere with alL general and Job-speclflc regulatlons
regardlng, but not ltulted to, safety, slte-access,
construction procedures, subcont,ractors, contractor-company
J.tatson, company lnspectlons, dellverlea, and
sltematntenance. Ttrls lncludes requlred two hour lndustrlal
tralnlng coursea glven by Waeatch Operatlons to each of the
contractor t s employees.
A11 hrork 1s to be
the satlsfactton
UPPERMOST AQUIFER
Gene ra 1
to
The contractor shal1 drlll the borlngs at the locatlon
deelgnated by the MTI proJect englnger. Each borlng shalL be
drllLed tn accordance wlth these epeclflcatlons. The borlngs
shaI1 be ldentlfled as l{-39-B1, M-l14-81, M-508-Bl' and
M-636-8t. Upon conpletlon of the geophyslcal logglng, borlngs
w111 be developed lnto four-fnch ground water uronltorlng
we11s.
The contractor w111 be requlred to provlde all tools,
derrlcks, and other machlnery and appllances of whatever
descrlptlon necessary and adequate for the constructlon and
completlon of the borlngs in a work-man-Ilke manner.
The borlngs shall be protected frour contamlnatton and hraste
materials from drl1l1ng operatlons lncludlng drlll blt
cuttlngs. They shall be removed and dlsposed of at a locatton
deterurtned by the Morton Thlokol Project Englneer.
If, ln the oplnlon of the tffI proJect englneer, lt ls
necessary to dlscontlnue work on a borlng when partlally
completed, by reaeon of the borlngs belng out of llne more
than the llurlted amount descrlbed ln the paragraphs on
allgnnent or on account of Janued too1s, cavlng ground, or by
reaaon or negllgence on the part of the contractor, then the
contractor shall lmedlately start drllllng another borLng at
a nearby locatlon deslgnated by the MTI proJect engtneer. The
contlactor shalL eeal off or plug the abandoned borlng wtth
concrete 8t the depths prescrlbed by the },ftl proJect englneer
to prevent water fron one zone enterlng another zone. The
area between pluge shall be flIled wlth bentonlte as directed
by the ltTI proJect englneer. The contractor w111 be entltled
to no pa]tEent for any work done or uaterlals furnlshed for
such abandoned borlngs.
A11 ueasureuents for depth ehall be taken from an eetabllshed
polnt on the surface of the ground 8t the well slte to the
loweet polnt of the drl1l hole.
DrlLllng Methodologv
The borlng shaIl be drllIed by the A1r Rotary urethod. No
flulds shall be lnJected lnto the borlng durlng drllllng
except alr unleas lrrltten perulsston is glven by the l{TI
proJect englneer. In unstirble unconsolldated foroat,lone,
the hole nay be advanced by drlvlng the caslng. Steel
caslnc used for drivlne casinq ln unconsolldated
perforued ln a professlonal manner and
of llorton Thlokol r s proj ect englneer.
DETERMINATION BORINGS3.0
3.1
3.2
2.
Flve feet of the drlvlng case w111 remaln tn place and
act as I protectlve coverlng for the well caslng. A
reasonable effort must be applled to remove the caslng.
The effort must be to the satlsfactlon of the MTI proJect
englneer.
A central area w111 be set up to clean and decontamlnate
the drllltng rlg, drl1l tools, blts and subs, and the
sanpllng equlpment. The equlprnent wlll be steam cleaned
to remove the dlrt, waahed with Alconox soap, and then
rlnsed wlth DI nater. All washlng w111 be done over a
llned wash plt wlth washlngs dlsposed of ln a manner
approved by Morton Thtokol Environmental Englneerlng.
The plt w111 be aupplled by Morton Thlokol, Inc., and
approprlate llnlng uaterlal by the contractor. The plt
w111 have an approxlnate capaclty of 2,000 gallons.
Morton Thtokol, Inc. w111 dlspose of all wash waters from
the wash plt. Tool Jolnts w111 be made up dry or wlth
graphlte to mlnlmize sample contaminatlon. Samples of
the steam cleanlng fluld and DI wash water w111 be
collected and retalned for future analysls. Cleaned
sanpllng and downhole drllllng equipnent w111 be stored
under plastlc untll lt 1s transported to another waste
slte. At the drlIl s1te, cleaned equlpnent w111 be kept
off the ground by storlng lt on cleaned racks or pallete.
Any tools, drllllng equlpuent, or sampllng equlpment
laylng on the ground w111 be consldered contamlnated and
w111 be cleaned prlor to re{rse.
Borlngs w111 be advanced ten feet below the water table
or to a depth approved by the lfll englneer.
A1r frosr the cmpreasor on the hydraullc alr rotary rlg
shall be flltered to ensure that o11 from the compreaaor
ls not lntroduced lnto the hole. Thie fllter ehaLl be
periodlcally tnspected and repLaced as neceasary to keep
o11 frou the coupreesor out of the hole.
Ttre borlng w111 be advanced at least ten feet lnto the
rrater table. l.Iater table must have a mlnlmum yleld of I
gallon per hour.
Four borlngs (approxluately 300 feet deep) w111 be
drlIIed to ten feet below the top of the water table wlth
a I gallon per hour olnlmuu yle1d. Then wlth the
drtIllng caslng etllI lnstalled, perforu the geophyelcal
logglng (Gauuna-Gama, Natural Gauua, and Neutron
Poroelty). After conpletlon of the geophyslcal logglng,
the borlngs w111 be cornpleted wlth I0-feet of 4-1nch PVC
wlre wound acreen. The reualnder wtll be conpleted wtth
PVC (see Sectlon ) to three feet above the ground
eurface. Ttre 4-lnch PVC wlre would screen shall rneet ae
a mtnluum the followlng epeclflcatlons: 4.62-1nch
outslde dlaneter, 4-1nch lnslde dlaneter, a welghC of 1.7
3.
4.
5.
6.
Lb/tt, 79 PSI collapse strength, 2.250 lb tenslle
strength, 150 Lb column strength and a 6050 lb jolnt
tensl-Ie strength. The well caslng w111 be capped wlth a
PVC well seal.
The bottom 25 feet of the annular space between the well
screen/caslng and hoLe wlLl be sand-filled with 0.01 to
0.03 lnch or equlvalent sand. Two palls of bentonlte
pellets w111 be placed above the sand pack and granular
bentonLte w111 be placed ln the well-bore/caslng annulus
to a depth of 18 feet below grqde. The rernatnlng 18 feet
of annular Bpace w111 then be sealed wlth a
cenent/bentonlte mlxture. The sand and betonlte pellets
shall be placed by gravlty through a 2-1nch OD tremle
ptpe. The plpe shall termlnate flve feet above the
botton of the hole and shall be llfted gradually and
sectlons renoved a6 the level of the sand and bentontte
pellets rlses. The top of the tremle plpe shall be
fltted with funnel flttlngs to facllltate the shovellng
or dumpLng of the sand and bentonite pellets. The
granular bentonite shall also be placed by trenle ptpe lf
the statlc water leve1 at the time of placement ls above
the leve1 of the bentonLte pellets. 0nce above the
statlc water level the granular bentonlte can be placed
wlthout the tremle plpe. Calculatlons w111 be made to
lnsure the proper anount of sand and bentonlte was placed
ln the monltorlng wel-l.
Before the addltlon of the filter pack, bentonlte, or
cement, an attempt to reEove the castng must be made. If
the caslng i-s reurovable, the fllter pack and bentonlte
shall be added, as descrtbed ln Paragraph G, as the
caslng ls being removed. If after a reasonable atteupt,
as approved by the tlTI proJect englneer, the caslng falIs
to be removed, the sand and bentonlte w111 be added, ae
deecrlbed by Paragraph G, to one foot below the bottom of
the drlve caslng. A cement/bentonlte slurry shall be
placed by tremle ptpe to the level one foot above the
bottou of the drlve caslng. Granular bentonlte w111 then
be added to the dept of 18 feet below grade.
Penetratlon Rate Log
During the drllllng of the hole, a tlme 1og sha1l be kept by
the contractor showlng the actual penetratlon tlue requlred to
drtll each foot of hole. The types of blts used tn eachportlon of the hole shall be noted ln thls log: drag, roIler,
button or percusslon type and whether deslgned for soft,
medlum, or hard fonnatlon, together wlth approxlmate welght on
the blts durlng the drllllng of the varloue types of
fomatlona tn the varlous eectlons of the hole.
7.
8.
3.3
3. 3. I Drll1ers LoE
Durlng the drllllng of the holes, the contractor shalL prepare
a courplete log by a quallfled geologlst settlng forth the
following:
I. Name of person(s) logglng the borlng
2. The reference polnt for all depth measurements
3. Date borlng accompllshed
4. Weather lncludlng average temperature for each day of
drllltng
5. Borlng number
6. Contractor performlng drilllng
7. Type of nachlne performlng borlng
8. Drllllng medtun used
9. Sanple, sLze, type, locatlon and present recovery
10. The depth at whl-ch each change of formatlon occurs
1I. The depth at whlch the flrst water rras encountered
L2. The depth at whlch each stratum was encountered
13. The thlckness of each stratum
14. The ldentificatlon of the materlal of whlch each stratum
ls composed, such ae:
a. Clay
b. Sand or SlIt
c. Sand and Gravel - lndlcate whether gravel Ls loose,
tlght, angular or smooth; color
d. Cemented Foruratlon - lndlcate whether grains have
natural cementlng'raterlal between them; e.8.,
slllca, calclte, etc.
e. Hard Rock - lndlcate whether eedLnentary bedrock or
lgneous (granlte-Ilke, basalt-llke, etc.)
15. The depth lnterval fron whlch each erater and formatlon
sample was taken.
15. The depth at whlch hole dlaneters (blt slzes) change
17. The depth to the statlc water level (SWL) and changes tn
SWL lrlth weJ-l depth and rechange rate (gallons/hr)
18. Total depth of completed bore hol-e
19. Any and all other pertinent lnformatlon for a complete
and accurate logi e.9., temperature, pH, and appearance
(color) of any water samples taken
20. Depth or locatlon of any lost drllllng fiufd, drlIllng
materials or tools
2L. The depth of the surface seal. (Must be l-n excess of 18
feet).
22. The nomlnal hole dlatreter of the well bore above and
below caslng seal.
23. The amount of cement (number of sacks) lnstalled for the
seaL as dtecussed ln Paragraph 3.12.
24. The depth and descrtptlon of the well caslng, lncludlng
the steel caslng used to drlve caslngs ln unconsolldated
f ormatlons.
25. The descrlptlon (to lnclude length, dlameter, slow slzes,
materiaL, and manufacturer) and locatlon of well screens
or nurnber, slze, and locatlon of perforatlons.
26. The seallng off of water-bearlng strata, lf any, and the
exact locatlon thereof lncludlng depth and borlng
locatlons.
3 .3 .2 DaLl-v Drl1ler I s Report
Durlng the drllIlng of the bortngsr a dally, detalled
drlllerrs report shall be nalntalned and I copy dellvered to
the MTI proJect englneer at the borlng elte each day. The
report ehalI glve a complete deacrlptlon of all formatlons
encountered, nuuber of feet drtlled, number of hours on the
Job, shutdown due to breakdown, the water 1evel ln the bortng
at the beglnnlng and end of each shlft, lrater LeveL at each
change of fomatlon tf readlly measureable wlth the drllIlng
method used, feet of castng eet, and euch other pertlnent data
as requested by the lfTI proJect englneer.
3.4 Sanltarv Protectlon of Borlng
At all tlmes durlng the progress of the work the contractor
shall use reasonable precautlons to prevent elther Eanperlng
wlth the borlng or the entrance of foretgn uaterlal lnto 1t.
3.5 Method of l.Iater Level ]'leasurements
Method of water level ueaaurement shall be by use of a statlc
water level detector (M-Scope). A clearly marked and readlly
accesslbLe reference polnt at the top shaIl be establlshed.
3.6 Method of l.rater Recharge Rate Measurenents
Method of water recharge rate measuremente etrait be performed
by uslng a batler. Three Deasurements per hole requlre to
deterulnlng recharge rate
3.7 Dlscharge Water
Dlecharged water shall be collected from the baller lnto a
55-gaIlon drurn(s) supplled by the Morton Thlokol ProJect
Englneer. The dlscharge water wlll- be placed ln the llquld
thermaL treatment unlts at the M-136 Burnlng Grounds.
3.8 Borlng Plunbness and Allgnnent
The contractor shal1 drll-1 the hole sufflclently stralght,
plurnb, and clrcular to perult the use of a baller for
deterurinl.ng ground rrater recharge rate and use of geophyslcal
survey equipurent (Probes).
3.9 Slte Resroratlon
Contractor ts responslble for slte restoratlon lncludlng
removal of excess Eatertals from constnrctton clean up of
lltter, waates, and other debrls.
3.10 Coll.cll=g C.lth€e
The contractor eha1l determtne a method to coll-ect cuttlngs
frou drllIlng operations. Ttre nethod of collectlon w111 allow
the owner to perlodlcally sanple the cuttlngs Bo that a
deterulnat,lon as to whether the cuttlngs are hazardous wastes
or contaln hazardous conetltuenta. The collectton process
must ulnlulze the dLsperslon of the cuttlnga.
3. II Drl1ltng Contlngenclee
The followlng lteme ehalI be prtced ln addltlon to the base
bld called out tn Sectlon 1.3. The bldder w111 provlde aprlce for the followlug coutr.ngencles:
o If unable to keep bore hole open
Cementlng and redrllIlng bore hole
InJ ectlng water tn the bore hole to keep
open for further dr11llng
Reduc lng the sLze o f the bore hole wlth a
dlaneter drlve caslng ln order to bypass
area.
C.
the ho le
Brna 11e r
the problem
3.12
3.12.1
3. 12.2
3. 12.3
Inab 11lty to retrleve the drtve cas lng
a. Cost for leavlng drlve caslng ln place
WeIl Caslng
Well Caslng Selection
The contractor shall bld for PVC welL caslng materlals.
Contractor shall supply all well caslng speclfled herl-n. A11
well caslng shall be new. The caslng shall be made of PVC for
alL areas. All caslng shall bear urlll narkLngs that wllI
ldentlfy the materlal as that whlch is spectfied. The
contractor shaII select and use a tlZ lnch SDR 17 PVC neetlng
the standards of ASflIF-480.
Methods of Joinlng
Caslng lengchs shall be Joined watertlght by a uethod
approprlate to the Eaterlal used, as selected by the
Contractor and approved by the Owner, so that the resultlng
Jolnt shaIl have the aame atructural lntegrlty as the caslng
ltself. Threaded and coupled Jolnts coupllngs shall be API or
equLvalently nade up.so that when tlght all threads w111 be
burled ln the llp of the coupling.
Caslng and Screen Storage and Preparatlon
Caslng and ecreen sha1I be etored at the alte 1n a locatlon
deelgnated by the englneer and shaLl be protected by
contaulnatlon through the uee of a ground cover euch as
plastlc. Prlor to Lnstallatlon, aI-I caslng and screen shall
be steaued cleaned, washed wlth alconox Eoap and then rlnsed
wlth DI water, (both lnelde and outslde). Care shall be taken
durlng lnatallatlon of the screen and caelng to prevent
contaulnatLon of the materlale followlng cleanlng.
3. 13
3. 14
3.14.1
3. 14 .2
Protectlve Cap and Posts
Upon completlon of the well, the Contractor shall 1n6tal1 a
sultable threaded, flanged, or welded cap over the protectlve
steel caslng so as to prevent any pollutants from enterlng the
welL. The ground lmmedlately surroundlng the well casing
shall be sloped away from the well. And a 2' x 2r x 10" pad
w111 be constructed around the protectlve caslng. The pad
w111 extend stx tnches below the land eurface-and four lnches
above. There shaLl be no openlngs ln the caslng wall below
lts top
A11 nonltorlng wells w111 be completed with three eteel
barrler posts. The posts ehalI be 6 lnches tn dlameter and
slx feet Iong. The post will be placed to prevent any vehlcle
trafflc frou damaglng the monltorlng wells and be embedded ln
concrete approxl.mately three feet below the ground level. The
concrete anchor shall be approxlmately 18 lnches ln dlameter.
t{elI Groutlng and Fllter Pack
Surface Foruratlon Seal
The annular space ln the conatruct,ed weLl w111 be grouted wtth
a portland ceuent/bentonlte slurry ulxture. The bentonlte
content shaLL conslst of a maxlmun of 52 by welght. The
length of the grout seal shaIl be whatever ls necessary to
prevent the entrance of surface rrater or undestrabLe
subsurface water lnto the weIl. In any clrcumstances, the
length of seal ehall not be less than the nlnimum speclfled by
State regulatlone whlch ls not less than 18 feet.
The entlre space to be grouted must be open and avallabIe to
recelve the grout at the tlue the groutlng operatlon ls
perfotmed. If a sectlon of larger plpe (teuporary caslng) ls
lnstalled to keep the entire space open (1n cavlng materlals),
thls larger plpe must be removed fron the zone where the seaL
le requlred ae the grout le lnstelled.
Granular BentonLte Grout
The annular space of the well ehall be fllled wlth granular
bentonlte to wlthtn elghteen feet of the surface. The grout
shaIl only conslst of bentonlte materlal not exceedJrrrg l12
lnch ln dlameter.
Bentonlte Pellets
Two 5 gallon patls shall
pack. The pellets shallpellets shalI conslst of
be placed on top of the sand fllter
not exceed L I 4 lnch dlameter. The
only bentonlte materlals.
3.14.3
3.14.4 ftlter Pack I'latertal
3.15
3. 15 . I
The fllter pack shall conslst of clean well rounded gratne
that are smooth and unlforur. The uraterlal shoul.d be mostly
slllceous wlth not more than 5 percent calcareous msterlal by
welght. The speciflc gravlty of the fllter pack rnaterLal-
should be 2.5 or greater. The fllter pack sand shall be 0.0I
to 0.03 lnch or equlvalent sand. The contractor w111 supply
certlflcatlon on the slze of the fllter pack Baterlal.
WeLl Screen and Appurtenances
Screen Placement
3. 15 .2
Four-lnch noulnal dlameter. wlre wound PVC well screen
uanufactured ln accordance wlth speclflcatlons called out ln
Section w111 be placed adJacent to the apparent better
water-productlng foruatlon, as deslgnated by the Englneer.
The screen should be posltloned l0 feet lnto the saturated
zone.
Jotnlng Screen to Screen
Screen sectlons for a slngl-e lnterval shall be Jolned by
threaded Jol-nts. Resultlng jolnt(s) urust be stralght, sand
tlght and retaln 100 percent of the screen strength.
3.15.3 Bottou Seal of Screen
3.15.4
The botton of the deepeet acreen shalI have a PVC "CAP" to
seaL lt.
CentralLzers
CentralLzers shaI1 be placed at
and three f eet above the screen.
completely constructed of PVC.
Screen Selectton
the bottom of the well screen
Centrallzers should be
All well 8creen shall be of the contlnuoua-slot, wtre-wound
deelgn, relnforced wlth longltudlnal bars. Each adJacent coll
of wlre ehalI be ehaped ln euch a manner aB to lncrease tn
slze lnward. The well screen ahall be completely fabrlcated
of four-lnch lnslde dlameter, PVC materlals. The aperture of
the ecreen openlng shaIl be 0.010 lnchee. the contractor
shaLl select a acreen wlth an approprlate schedule for the
depth of the well and recelve wrltten approval for the
selectlon before lnatalIlng the screen.
3. 15 .5
o 3.16 Well Cleaning
The Contractor shaIl provlde for dlslnfectlon as soon as
constructlon of the wel-1 and cleanlng procedures have been
completed. The Contractor shall carry out adequate cleanlng
procedures lmmedlately where evldence lndLcates that normal
well constructlon and development work have not adequateLy
cleaned the weI1. A11 o11, grease, soi1, and other materlale,
whlch could harbor and protect bacterla from dlslnfectants,
shall be removed fron the weIl. Unless prlor approval ls
obtalned for employlng chemlcals or unusual- cleantng nethods,
the cleanlng operatlon ls to be carrted out by pumptng and
swabblng only. I,lhere test puurping equipment ls to be
utlllzed, such equlpment shall- be lnstal-Ied prlor to
dlsinfectlon and be thoroughly hosed, scrubbed or otherwlse
cleaned of forelgn uaterlal.
REPORTING RESIILTS
Scope Upon Conpletlon of the Borlng Program
The contractor should prepare a report on the hydrogeology and
geophyslcal survey results of each borlng.
Hvdrogeologtcal Portlon of the Report
The Hydrogeologlc Report should lnclude the following
lnfomatlon and ls to be dellvered to the englneer 30 days
after completlon of the Geophyslcal Survey.
4.0
4.L
4.2
1)Results of fteld program lncludlng the following
lnf onnatlon:
Drlll hole logs
Drtllers logs
Descrlptlons of fleld tests lncludlng all data
and calculatlons
Flnal technlcal speclflcatlons and any
devlatlons from lncludtng explanatton for
devlatlon
Copy of all fleld notes
2) Courplete descrlptlon of courpl,eted borlng lncludlng
the followlng:
Total depth of borlng
Elevatlon
- Locatlon of and types of materlals used for
bore hole abandonment for each bore hole
E Dlameter of holes
- Aqutfer recharge rates
- Statlc water level measured ln each well
4.3 Geophvslcal Survev Portlon of the Report
The Geologlc Report should tnclude the followlng lnformatlon
and ls to be dellvered to the Morton Thlokol ProJect Englneer
wlthln 30 days after courpletlon of the flnaL Geophyetcal
Survey.
1) Geologlc descrlptlon lncludlng statlgraphlc unlts
and geologlc structure from surface to uppermost
aqulfer. Descrlptlons based on results of Ganna-
Ga"toa, Natural-Gauma, and Neutron Poroslty Logs, and
revLew of borlng cuttlngs.
2) Results of fleld prograu tncludlng the followlng
lnformatlon:
Gamnra-Gannna LOgS
Natural-Gauma Logs
Neutron Poroslty Logs
Boring Cuttlngs Revlew Log
Deacrlptlon of Fleld Teete lncluding all data
and calculatlone
Flna1 technlcal speclflcatlons and any
devlatlons frou, lncluding explanatlons for
devlatlone
Depth or locatlon of any loet geophyslcal
survey equlpuent
Borlng Cuttlnga Inspectlon Loge
Copy of all fleId note6
Depth to upper nost aqulfer
3) Couplete deacrlptlon of coupleted geophyslcal
logglng lncludlng:
- Total depth of loggtngs
All assumptlons uade ln the lnterpretatlon of
the Geophyslcal Survey tncludlng bore cuttlngs
revtew
Frequency of Gamma Ray slgnature for each
borlng
Perureabtltty of unconsolldated and consolldated
lncludlng prlnary (Rock Matrlx) and secondary
(Rock Fracturlng) uaterlals, molsture content,
and 8ny other phystcal characterlstlcs of alL
sotl horlzons tntercepted ln the bore hole.
IEH
etra?
3,e
B8
HfiF3
}.l t<\
Norrnan H. Sangener
G '.t r?i7,' el--'rw.t".vJ-,bcn O0
Sr,zanne D€lncEry, M!.. M.P.H.
Er"(u:nl'Crenc
..O BsHt{-364g-5
'
April 20, 1987
Oarryl Lee
l{orton Thiokol, Inc.
l,lasatch 0perati ons
P.0. Bor 524 , IUS A70
Bri gham City, UT 84302
Re : Sti pul atl on and Consent 0r{er
llorton Thi oko I
[)ear Si r:
Enclosed please iinA your copy of the signed
l{orton Thiokol stipulation and Consent 0rder.
date of thts document is April J4, 1987.
and ful ly executed
fhe effective
Brent C.
Executive Secretary'
Utah SoI id and Hazar{ous tlaste
Conmi ttee
STA: dt
r\trrttrt L Arene otecrg o Ouron o, Enuortmaf ltrttn
C
!r.:11;rfl o lrrf ;-..C:r. l,?..' Fiil."gr9(r . f8otrl.ihtl..r'
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?8S tt- :.3(/l V.t-e. . c. '
SOLID AND TIAZARDOUS
STATE OF
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T{ASTE CO},TMITTE3 .
UTAII
rrr
STIPULT,TION AND
CONSETT ORDER
'Case Nos. 8502162, 85054 A2
*rt
In the natter of :
a
MORTON fiIIOKOL, INC.
urD009081357
ardoEs tlaste Act
(1953, as ane?ded)
"lt issue of fact
' This Stipulation and, Consent order (the 'torr""na or:.
der') is issued-on consent by the Utah So1id and Hazardous Eastc
Coarnittee -(the 'Connittee') pursuant to the-Utah Solid and itaz-
tr.
o (the iAct'), Utah. iode l,nn. S'26-1{-1 et .Ed.
. The parties hereto, vithout adjudieation of
or lav, hereby STIPUI"ATE Al{D AG3,5E as follovs:
JURISDICTION
1... fhe Coruaittee has jurisdict ion over the subject
mati,er of this Consent Order pursuant to Utah Code Ann.
S 25-14-11 (1953, BS amended), and jurisi,iction over the parties..
!'I!.[DINGS OF FACT
2. Morton Thiokol, Inc., is a Delauare Corporation
gualified to do.business in the State of Utah.
' 3. Morton thiokol nanuf actures and tesi,s rocket
notors, propCllants, flares and other sirnilar neterials at a
facility in Box Elder County, Utah coranonly knovn as the t{asatch
,F,e:aEions of its Aerospace Group ("!.lasarch Operations'). -
-a
{. Morton Thiokol generates, treats, stores and
disposes of }azardous trastes as defined in Part II, Utah Hazard-
ous waste Management Rejulations ('[rHH],tR'] at wasatch O,perations.
5. Prior to 1980, Morton Thiokol began discharging
vaste vater into one or. nore r-ray pbotograpb process discharge
areas, knoua as units M-39, M-11{, M-508 and M-535, (the 'l-r8y
discharge areas') it wasatcl Operations. Each r-ray dischargc
' area is outside and adjacent to an x-ray building, and is furthcr
identified by location in Exhibil 'Ar' attacbed bereto and, by
. this reference incorporated berein. X-ray discbarge area l,{-508
is a sr:bsurface drainfield. X-"ay discharge areas tt-39, M-11{t
and M-535 are shallov ditches. The a-ray d,iseharge areas re-
! ei"ea vaste vater fron x-ray photographii procesies used' to
detect possiblc flavs in rocket motbr casings and cast proge!.- ' '
lant
6. At various tinres prior to Septenber, L982, t,he .
t,reated vaste vater contained silver concentrations in excess of
5.0 parts pe: nillion (ppn). thc'treated-vaste !,.-iar uas-hazarC-
ou.:s raste under applicable regulations of the U.S. Environrnent,al
Protection Agency ('EPA') and the UHitMR. t5 Fed. Reo. 33119',
33122 (1980)' (codif i.ed,- at {O C.F.R. S 26L.24 (1985 ) ; tttIId'{R
S 2.J.?(l) (1933!.
o -2-
o 7 . During Septerober 1982, Morton Thiokol installed
and.began operating an irnproved silver recov.lry process vhich
collects and treats the effluent fron the four x-ray filrn pro-
cessing facilities. Since that dat,e, these uaste vaters have not
exceeded 5.0 p1ln silver or othervise constituted 'a hazardous
vaste'under EPA regulations or the UH!{!.{R.
8. Tbe l,l-508 and t{-636 r-ray discharge areas do not
PresentLy receive any waste vater. Mort,on Thiokol continues. to
discharge non-haratdor:s vaste vater to x-ray discharge areas M-39
and H-114. .
9. Absent detailed analyses of -soils underlying the
.:-ray diseharge areas and based .or. relionaI data, the r:ppi-nost
agrrifer is generally 200-4OO feet' belov ground iurface in. the
areas underlying the x-ray discharge areas. The soils betveen
ground, surface and the uppemost agrlifer ap-pear, base{ on general
geological. surveys and soils testing in the areas underlyinj the
areas, to constitute heterogeneous layers of sand and gravels,
gravel-clay mixtures and, clays. Metals and metal leachates tend
to nigrate through sand and gravel 1a1zers, but tend to be
chenically and physically trapped by clays and gravel-clay raix-
tures. Clays and gravel-clay mixeures are found vithin approri-
ma::1i':le -:cp live fEet of soii -.i,e:l:.'i:g -L:.e x-:ai llsc!:a:ge
areas
-?--
-t-
o
.4.
. 10. t{orton Thiokol ulies tvelve pits to thermally
destroy sastc propellants and other explosive contaminated ligr:id
uastes (the 'pits'). ' The pits are in an area knovn as the
'Burning Area,' M-136, identified by location in exhibit 'A.'
Morton Thiokol has used the pits since the early 1960s and nid
1970s. The pits are d€signated as iollovs:
o
1. II}o( i23. '
2. HMX i213. HMX t25 '
4. Sodium Azide (east)
5. Sodir:m Azide (vest)
5. Truck t{ashout #227. Arnmonir:m Perch.lorate i2],_8. Sodir:ru 'Ni trate f 209: Prbpellant ContErrtrinated (nort!)
10. nrolelIant Conta,minated (soutE)
11 . Solvent f1l12. Solvent t]',z
' 11. The propellants vbich. Morton Thiokol ninuf,actures
and instatls into rocket notor casings.contain high erplosi.ves.
Morton fhiokol nust at all tirnes use extreme caution in handling
these. naterials, f rom manuf acture t,hrough L'as-{,e disposal, to
avoid accidental detonation of propellant. ingredients, propeilant,
mixtures and propellant vastes.
L2. Morton. Thiokol manufactures propellants .by mixi,ng
the. necessary ingredients in large nixing bouls. The propellant
is then cast into rocket motor casings and.
cured, propellanr is finished, by various
These nixing, 'castirg,
.f
inishing and related
alloued to cure. The
cutting operat ions.
oPerat io.ns generate
o -{-
a
snal1 anounts of proPellens dust or fines. These ProPellant
fines accunulate throughout buildings in vhicli -ttrese oper.ations
occur, settling on floors, girders a4d other building comPonents.
If allor.red to accumulate, these propetlint f ines could burn. or
'detonate, and, thuli present an extrenely serious ,.i"ay hazard.
In some of .these buildings, Morton Thiokol presently uses sol-
vents ( including 1, 1, l-trichloroLthane, acetone and nrethyl
ethyl ketone) to clean rnachine parts to remove propellant ingre-
d,ients and, other contarninants. Sone solvents accunulate on
nachine parts. and'other wiped surfaces..
13. To avoid accumulation of prog"itant.f ines, !'torton
Tbiokol ernployees vash . dovn the building interiors . f reguentlll
'ith vater. The vater, vhieh collects propellant fines and any
solvent resid,ries, is uashed into a concrete sulp outside each
build,ing. Tank. trucks pulnp the propellant contaninated vater
-f ron these concrete slrmps into the truck tanks, transport it -,,o
the Burning Area and discharge it into the pits. Propellant
contanrinated $aters from designated buildings go to ten desig- -
nated, pi:s (nurnbers 1-10 ds identified in paragraph 10) at tbe
Burglqg Area. .
. .._ 14. The general treatment method of these uaste pro-
peila;:s' a: ::*.e' -ren pl:s is :o .aLLcr; :::e r;=,:er ccn:ai::iag r!:e
propellant f ines to evaporate and./or percolate f rom the pi ts .
o -5-
4
After a pit dries out, Morton Thiokol enployees place scrap vood
and propellant in the pits and burn res'idual propell?nt fines and,
solvents.
15. At Solvent Pit No. 11;-M6rton Thiokol enployees
presently place propellant contarainated solvents in an open steel
tank. Additional propelJ.ant is added to thc tank and burned.
This practice is nsed to avciid percolation ot propellant-solvent
rnirtures into the grorurdr. vhicb nay have occurred in the past.
16. The tvelfth burnihg pit at the Burning Area,
Solvent Pit No. 12, is. nos used to burn enpty solvcnt and propel-
lant contaminated cont,ainels.
17.. t{9rton Tbiokol filed 'ril} tbe EPA,.pursuant to its
regulati?*, a tinely Notif ication. of Hazardor:s . llaste ectivity
and a Part A Pe::uit Application (coflectively the 'Part A Appli-
cation") on November 13, 1980 covering, inte; alia, the four
x-ray discharge areas and the tvelve pits. Morton Thiokol desi!-
nated rhe x-ray aislnai-Gr""= as ' 'clbss Iv injection devices'
(D79) and designated the pits as open iurning units for vaste
explosives (TO{).
18. On March f9, 1985, the Executive Secretary of tlie
Cornrnittee (ttie 'Execut,ive Secretary'l issued a Notice of Viola-
tisn ani Ccnpilae=: 3:ier No. 852162 ro t{c:Bcn ?}iokoI, lollouiag
an inspcction' at ltasatch Qrerations by representatives of the
:
''r' --E-
o'"r".ut ive 5.":r."ry. on Januuy 28 , 29 and 3 0 , 1985; On .June 15 ,
1986, tle Executive Secre-,.ary issued a further Notice of viola-
tion No. 8606102 to Morton Thiokol. These are hereinafter col-
lectively. referred to as the 'Notices." The Notices allege,
inter g![g,. that the x-ray discharge areas and the pits vere and, .
-are inproperly designated in Morton Thiokol's Part A Application
and verc and, are being operated in violation of the Act and the
uiilrMR.
.19. Morton Thiokol disputed the alleged- facts and
regulatory interpretations in the Notices. !,torton Thiokol. filed
tinely ansvers and requests f or hearing und-er Section 25-111-11,
Utah Code 'Ann. (1953, as anended)..concerning tbe Notices.'...The
onmittee heard testimony on Augtrst'27 and Septepher 80 1985, but
deferred issuihg a final decision, .pending settl,eaent discussions
betveen Morton Thiokol and the Executive Secretary.
20. Since issuance ofithe Notices, Morton Thiokol tras
installeilsix ground uater nonitoring vells around the Burning
Area, and has conducted initial sanpling and analyses of'soi1s
and ground vater under the Burning Area, uastr streatus being
discharged at the pits, and soils in and around the M-39, M-11{
and l.{-536 x-ray discharge areEtsi.
21 . --?rel im!-ar:, resul:s of e.':alyses ar thc 3u=ning
Area ind,icate sonc soil and ground vater contanination.
o a- l-
22. Thc Cornnittes and Morton Thiokol have nov agreed
u_Don substantive and procedural terms for appropriate regulation
of the M-635, M-39, l,{-!i4 and M-508 x-ray discharge areas and the
pits as set fo;th in the Order below. Therefore, the. parties nov
vish to resolve this matter vithout further adninistrative or
judicial proceedings concerning the regulatory status of the
resPective hazardous vaste nanagement areas.
CONSENT ORDER
Based on the foregoing,' the parties
the COMMITTEE !=NE8Y ORDER,S:
hereby agr€Er
l'
and
cLostiRE oF x-RAy prscsl.ilRcE AREAS M-636, q-39,
M-114, M-508 .
o'
23. within ten days after entry of .this Cohsent Order,
Morton Thiokol sha1l sr:brait to lh. Cornaittee for apprdval a plan
t,o analyze the r-ray discharge areas (the 'SoiLs Study Pl,an"),
for the purpose'of determining vhether any of the metals silve.r,
cadnium, chroniun or lead, previously contained in the vaste
vater discharge, is likely to migrate to the uppermosr a$rifer.
24'.' within tvelve months after ah: Comrnittee's deci-
sion on thESoils Study Plan Mort,on Thiokol shall submit to the
Executive Secrerary a report,i based on i,tre Soil,s Stuoy Plan,
indicating vhether silver, cadmir:m, chromium or lead'is likgly to
. nigrate frbn any of the-discharge aEeas. to the. uppermost aguifer.
The report stiall evaluate the concentrat ions 'and raobil i ty of
o
-8-
o
,
t,hese constituents in soils in and unde:Iying the areas, thc
Cistance fron the areas to the upperlaost aguifer, "ia "n{ other
techaical factors affecting the migratioa pqtential of these
cons'.ituents in existing soiLs.' lf, aft,er reviev of the report,
Morton Thiokol and the Executive Secretary stipulate on the U"sit
of the evidence.and agree that these constituents are not like1y
to rnigrate from the x-ray dlseharge 'areas to the uppernost agui-
fer, the Eiecutive Secretary vi1l reconunend that the Conruittee
issue an order approving the stipulation and vaiving ground vater
nonitoring for those specif ic discharle'areas on1y.
25. tf, and to the extent that Horton Thiokol and the
E:cecutive Secretary do not stipulate as deseribed in pardEraph
'a
o'
!a'a
a.
,O: Horton Tbiokol may request a bbaring before the Gornmittee on
the likelih.ood'of silver, cadroiun, chromiun and lead nigration as
iescribed in that paragraph. At any such hearing, Mort,on Thiokol
shaLl bear the burden of proof, by'a preponderance of evidlnce,
that these constituents are not likeiy to raigrate as described in
that paragraph. FoIloving the hearing, the Connittee shall issue
1$g€.trdjnSs and conelusions.
26. Ilithin thirty days af ter the Commit-.ee's issuance
of an order under paragraph 24 or a fina1 decision under para-
gra;::'3::cncir.ing any x-ray Clscha:;e area, Mcr:on ?hiokol
shall begin closure activities for such area as follovs:
-Q-J
3
O (a) If the Conmitiee f inCs that the conStituen:s
identified in paragraph 24 are not fikely to nigrate fron an
x-ray discharge area into the uppernost aguifer, Morton Thiokol
shatl proceed as follows for each such area
(i) if the soils in any r-ray discharge area
do not exceed three standard deviations. above nean background
values for the constituents' sil,ver, cadmiurn, chromir.rn or 1ead,
that area shall be deened closed under the Act and thc LrHt+{Rt -
. (ii) if the soils in any x-ray discharge area
exceed three standard deviations above nean Ucfgiound values for
the constituents silver, cadmiun, chrornigra or . !.ead, Morton
Thiokol sball sEE'it a closurllf"r, .o tbi Comittee .for approval
bich proposes to elose any such a.rea, Bt Morton tliiokol's op-
tion, by either (e) rernoving sueh soils, folloving vhieh the area
shall be deeraed closed under the Act and the Utii{l.{R, or (B) in-
stalling and, maintaining a final cover.
(b) If the Conraittee f inds that one or more o!
..ry.tituentsidentifiedinParagraph2€is1ike1ytoruigrate
f,rom an x-ray i,ischarge irea into the uppermost aguifer, Morton
Thiokol shall, sii,hin ninety days af ter the Conunittee's f inal
decision, sriEait to the Coramittee for approval a ground uater
.
noiitcri::9. prcg:at ('Dls=ha:ge A:ea Xcnitori:lg P:cg;a=.') ?o
nonitor the constituents silveri cadraiura, ehronirro, and lead,.-rin
e't:
- 10-
o
o accordance uiilr UHIO,IR S 7.13, (1985), for any x-ray discharge area
for vhich the Cornmittee has nade such a f inding. Any Discharge
Area l.tonitorinE Prograrn shall include subniss ion of a report
after statistically significant results have been obtained for
each sucb urit.
(c) t{ithin. ninety days af ter the Counitteei s
decision on any. Discharge At'ea Monitbring Progranr reguired under
paragraph 26(b), Morton Thiokol shall proceed to install grgund
vater nonitoring vells and, conduct a ground r"a"r- moni.toring
program in accordance vith each approved Discharge Area Monitor.-
ing ProgrEur.
a
1-
(d) f f th3 .results ,of a. Discharge Area. uonidoring . : :
.?rogran reguired under paragraph 26(b) indicate no statisticatly
significant. cohtanination of silver, cadnir:m, chromiun or lead in
the uppermost agtrifer underlying any of the x-ray discharge
areas, Morton Thiokol shall proceed as follovs for each'sueh
area:
(i) if the soils in any r-Jy discharge area
do not exceed three standard deviations above mean background
values lor the constituents silver, cadmium, chromiun or lead,
the area shall be deemed closed under the Act and the U!!H!,iR, and,.
li:::on'?Ilakcl :aey disccntinue ground va:e: ncai:c=in; i
-1 1---
O (ii) if .the soils in any discharge area
exceed three standard deviations above nean background, values for
the const j,tuents silvir, cadniun, chronir:n or lead, Morton
Thiokol shall subnrit a closure plan to the Conuuittee for approval
rhicb proposes to close any such area, 8t Morton rliokot's op-
tion,. by either (A) removing such soils, folloving rhich the area
shall be deeraed closed.undei the Act and thc Ufm,n, or (B) in-
stalling and maintaining a final cover.
(e). If the results of a Discbargc Area l,tonitoring
Program reguired - under paragraph 25(b) inaicatl statistically
significant, contanination of sifrer, cadnir:m, cbromir:m or lead in
'the upperaost aguif er rinderlying any of tbe r-rqy riiicharge
rreas, Morton Thiokol shall, at .its option, uitbin 'ninety days
after reporting. such results as provided in thc approved, Dis- ' '
charge Area Monitoring Program, either:
( i ) remove soi ls contaruinated vith silvei r'
cadrnium, chronium or lead in excess of 'tbree standard deviations
above mean background, levels of such constituents and monitor the
ground vater tvice annualLy for a period of five years, folloving
vhich the area shall be deemed closed under the act and ihe
IIHIO{R; or
aa
a
-1 ?---
ta
o ( i i l sutnit a closure plan to the Conuni ttee
for .approval for installing and naintaining .i f inal cover and
-- continuing .ground vater raonitoring as aPPropriate.
(f) If the'results of a Dischargc Area Monitoring
Prograrn confira that statistieally significant contanination of
silvcr, cadmir:n, chromiun .or- lead has occurred in the uppermost
aquif er r:nderlying an x-ray dischaige area, the Committee tnay
require Morton Thiokol to propose a corrective ?ction plan.for
any such x-ray discharge area. Such a plan ruay take into a.ccount
such site Sp.ecif-ic factors as natural attenuationr. degradation
and dispersion. The Corunittee sha11 evatuate any proposed coE-
arective aition plan undFr the .standards and requirenenti ..setreqlu
aiforth in UHlo{R S 8.5.11, including consideration of attenuation,
degradation, d,ispersion and, other site specif!,c factors.The
Comraittee shalI also consider any other relevant guidanee by EPA
Pert,a i n i ng to correct ive act i on.Folloving Comrni ttee act ion,
tt-otton Thiokol shall inplernent each plan as affirrneC, nodif ied or
re issued.
OPERATION AND CLOSURE OF PITS AND BI'R$ING ARSA
27. t{ithin ten days after entry of rhis Consent Order,
Mor-.on Thiokol sha1l sr:bnit -r.o the Connrittee for approval a plan
for ar.Liy:ing the uas:es 5eing discha:gei inio:he pi:s (:h,c
o
"tlaste Analys is plan" i .-
-'l ?---
Qa
./.F>ttD.
28. t{ithin sixty -days af ter the Cornnittee r s decis ion
on --he waste Analysis Plan, Morton Thiokol shall begin analyzing
the vastes being dischirged int,o the pits in the Burning Area,
pursuant to the llaste AnaLysis Plan aPProved by the comnittee.
29. Hithin sirty days after entry of this Consent
Order, Morton fhiokol shall submit for Comnittee approval a
ground L'ater nonitoring progran and Schedule coniistent vith the
standards of tim.{R S 8.5.1 et.g3g. for all trastc nanagement units
sithin the Burning Area (t!re "Burning Area Monitoring Prograru').
\f , hovever, E?A subsegr:ently adopts pernritting standard,s f or
open burning units for vast,e e*pfo=ives unqei the Resourcc Con-
servation and Recovery Act, 42 U.S.C. S 5091 E SSI.., vhich also
O apply to. the pirc in che Burning. Area, then such.seandard,s shaii
supplant qnd apply in lieu of the iurning erea t'tonitorirrg frogr*
"ld the regr:irements of this paragraph. If Morton Thiokol is
reguired, under'the Burning Ground Monitoring Program, to propose
a corrective action plan based upon confirmation of contanination
of the ground, vatir, such glan may take into account such site
specific ;""torc as natural attenuation, degradaiion and disper-
s i,on. The Coramittee shalI evaluate an.y proposed torrective
action plan 'under the standard,s "rr9 regrirenents set forth in
. L?-^'!€{ S g.5.1L, in=l'.:i,i:rg =onsideration ef ' at:enua:ion, Cegrada-
tion dispersibn'a-nd ottrer.site specif ic factors'. The C.ormaittee
o
o-.
o -1{ -
shall also coni ider any oths relevant
correct'ive act ion.
e its best ef.forts ao cease
its. current practices 'of explosive and solvent contaminated
ligrrids disposal at the pits vithin tuo years afterentry of afri=
Consent Order. lf, hovever, Morton Thiokol denonstrates to the
Comruittee that elinination'of these disposal practices at the
pits by that date is either technically infeasible or presents a
hazard, to the safety of its personnel or facilities, .Morton
Thiokol ma1l.-continue these disposal lractices at the pit= fo, ,ri
to one additional year. Morton Thio.kol sha!1 submit a guarterly
status relort to the Executive. Secretary on ia; progreis.. in
O
eliminating these current disposal'practices. .
E.FFECT OF EONSENT ORDEN,,/RESSRVATION O? RIGTTTS
31. During the tertn of this Consent Order and provid-
ing that Morton Thiokol is in cornpliance vith the Consent, Oider,
neither the Committee nor its Executive Secretary shall issue any
ord,er to Morton Thiokol regtriring it to take corrective acrion or
other response measures for releases of hazardous vaste or haz-
a;dous uaS'.€'cons-..ituenis fron any of the burning pits or x-ray
discharge areasr Dor shall the Committee or the Executive Secre-
::1=y :eqi:3st EPi' to iss::e any such orierr. unl,ess the :eLease
EPA guidance perti in i ng to
-1q-.J
O poses an irarninent or substantial endangermeni to pubiic health or
the environment. '
32. The Statb shall not be deemed to have uaived, any
rights vhich any of its other conmittees, agencies or departnents
niay otheruise exercise under applicable laus including, but not
linited to, such action as these conmittees, ageneies or depart-
ments nay deera necessary tci prevent pollution oi ground uater,
protect the public health and environment,'protect and raaintain
its natural resources, abate an 'inruinent hdzard or public nui-
sance, recover costs. for State expenditures , and./or recover
d,arnages f or loss, destruction or replacegrent of natural re-
sources.
LII.{ITATION OF. LIABILITIES
'33. Nothing in this Orde'r shall be constnred to re-
lieve Morton Thiokol of any obligations or liabilities, including
pernitting r"iirenen-es, under the Act or the tHI.rMR except 'as
follovs 3
(a) Mort,on Thiokol shall not be subject 'r,o lia-
bility, including penalties, for any of the violations alleged in
rhe Notices;
..(b) Morton Thiokol shall not be subject to lia-
:ncluClng penalties', for co:lti.uei,' use a:rd opera:ioa of
the pits vhile this Consent Order is in effect.
h: 1 i --; J,: sJZ,
' any of
-16-
a'3{. ttorton Thiokol shall, uithin 10 days of .entry of
this Consent Order, voluntarily contribute th.e.3un of One Hundred
Thousand Dollars (S10O,O0O) to the State of Utah,'Departnent of
liealth, for investigation and cleanup of solid or hazardous vaste
in full settlenent of the Conmittee's claims under the Notices.
Morton Thiokol shal1 make .such contribution by causing a certi-
f ied check to 'be tir;re1y delivered 'to the Executive SecretarJ?,
payable to the State of Utah, Departnent of Health.
CoNFTDENTTAL INF'9RMATION
35.. Any data or informatioir. provided by Morton Thiokol
und,er tbis Cbnsent Order vhich discloses a pgoprietary process or
ltrad.e secrlt shalli rrp?T reguest. by. Mor,ton Thioko], be. treated as
-.: confidential by the Connittee and the Erecutive Sccretary to the
extent and,. uridei the procedures set forth in Utah Codc 'lnn:
S 25-14-9.5 (1953, ES amended).
PROJECT COORDINATORS
3 5 . l'Iorton
oesigna:e in vriting
comrnun i cat i on betveen
part,ies ui11 provide
in the des ignat ion of
qarl 3.lA.a- ' .
(i, tnoa
-
t:r-
--)-
a
ThioEol and the Execut ive Secretary shall
respective coordinators of act ivities
. and
the parties under this Consent Order. The
t ime Iy vr i tten not i f i cat ion of any changes
coordinators during the term of this Con-
.-.-
-
-1?--t
a'a
R I G}TTS AI.ID PR,IVI LEGESR,gSERVATION Og
37. The parties expressly reserve any ?nd all privi,-
1eges, including vithout linitation the attorney vork product a:rd
the a-,-torney-client privileges, to vhich they are entitled under
the Utah and Federal Rules of, Civil Procedure and Rules. of Evi-
dencer BS araended,. Nothing in this Consent Order shal1 b. coh-
strued as a vaiver by.either party of any of ttrese privileges.
All provisions of this Consent Order regarding information shar-
ing are subject to these privileies, provided that, the parties
agree t,hat sanpling ?nd analysis resulti developed pursuant to
the SoiLs Study Plan, aDy Discharge Area Monitoring Program, the
^ Ifa<te Analysis Plan or dne Burning Area Monitorlng Plan are not
!EXCIIANGE OE DATA
!
-
38. The Execut,ive Secretary and l,lorton Thiokol's
rePresentatives vi11 cooperate to t,he fullest extent possible in
the reporting and exehange of data developed ptrrsuant to this
Consent Order. Results of atl sarnpling 'and analyses, and other
relevant, data generated by lh" parties or their agents or con-
trac--ors, vil.1 be exchanged as soon as practicable.' If rd-
quested, the rart_data, field notes, and laboratory bench sheets
a::l :epcr:s !€i3ia--ed ri11 5e provided.
{-a.f
'a
aa
-1 Q-Ag
-
o a
--
nesoluTl oN or o t spLITes
39. This Consent Order expressly conternplates submis-
sion of certain reports, plans, and proposals by Morton Thiokol
to the Executive Secretary and, the Coranittee for. reviev and
connent or.approval. The parties will use their best efforts to
resolve infornrally any. disagreenent concerning activities under
this Consent Order. Ercept as set forth in paragraphs 31 and 33.,
the parties reserye all rights to connence- a&rinistrative. or
judicial acti.on to resolve any disagreenent or to .assert any
cause or clain vhich cannot be resolved, informally.. Any. finai
decision by the Conutittee approving, denying o4 nrod,ifying a
subrnission' by l,torton Thiokol under this Consent Order. !fra:,.f
constitute final agency--,action. 'Judicial reviev of any !inal
agenc:z action shall be in accordance vith appli-able'lav. Sched:
oliance by Morton Thiokol as set fortb herein shallulis for corapliance by Morton Thiokol
be extended pending -any judicial reviev of issues affecting'such
schedules.
SITE ACeESt ANp ENFORCEMEMT
40. -A11 activities eonducted by Morton Thiokol under
this Consent Orcier shall be.subject to inspection and enforcement
by the Executive Secretary and the Corumittee in accordance vit,h
t!.e p:bc:d:rres ia ihe Ac: and the UHh:!8.. Hor'.on Thiokol r;ill
provide reasonable access to its facili:ies upon request from the
-'l Q-
-J
n
a
o Executivc SecretarT for the. Pur?ose of monitoringr-
'sarnpling
and
observing activities carried out underthis Consent Order.
tbr
FORC= }'{A.'SURE
{1. Morton Thiokol's failure to neet or ""ar"r, any
requirernents set out in this Consent Order sha1l be exeused for a
reasonable tine to the extent the failure is caused by events
beyond Morton Thiohol:s eohtrol, including vithout' liruit,ation
acts of God, pr:blic enemy, unf oreseen strikcs or vork stoppages,
-third party delays in providing'eguiprnent or ""tlri=c=; fire,
, lightnitg, tiot, sabotage
or rar. '
O
ouAl,rrr issrrRAlrcE/ouALrrY qoNTRoL .i
-12-. Effectivcies.s*.o$trg prograi contain'el in tbis
Consent Order is specif ically dependent on propu:r sappl ing ,
analyt,ical rnethods, and techniques. Morton Thiokol vi11'sulrnit
proposed sarnplirg, guality assurance, gr:ality control, and chain
of cr:stody procedures to the Executive Secretary f or comtrent
..-.prior to proc"ftn, vith f ield or laboiatory attivities under
this order. The Executive Secretary shall sutmit any connents
uithin fourteen (1{) days after receipt. Failure by the Execu:
tive Seeretary to subnit tinely coranents shall be deemed Comrait-
:ee a3a=oval .la r-H=rton Thiokol shall noEi iF-Fzec:rt ive Secre-
tary vithin firurteen (1{} days after receipt of any corunents of
-20-
a
o
--..J
its intent to'inplenent the conments, or provide justili=ation
for not doing sct.
.a
RELATTON rq_ ITHER
. {3. The parties acknowledge that, }lor:on Thiokol timely
subnitted on July 8, 1985 a Part B operation plan to the Cornni-t-
tee under UHm'tR Part I.II (1983), and a Part B pernit application
to EPA under 40 C.F.B. Part.270 (1985). Inforuation to be devel-
oped pursuant to this Consent Order. is'relevant t6 this pending
plan approval'and peruit applieatioa. The parties.inlend that
information developed pursuant to tlris Consent Order aodior tlti
Pa:rt B ogeratiou plan shall be accepted and uired by the Executive
O secretary'and the couairtee 1 r!.e'i:, =".rr"r" ipi-a1rio:=?1:"."
concerning either docr:mentr is .ipiapriate; rhat neither the
Counittee nor. the Executive Secretary slrall leguest duplicate
information previously submitted under tbe Consent Order or the
Part B operation plan; and thit the Courrnittee and ihe Exeeutive
Secre-.ary will use their best efforts to avoid overlappin$ or
dupl!.cate inforuration reguests by EPA. During the pendency of
this Consent Order, ihe Conrnittee shall not inpose reguirenents
in a permit, otr otherwise chat are inconsistent with tlris Consent
Order.Any plans or activities approved by the Comnittee
Pursuaat to this Consent Order shall be inco=porated herein by
refeEence.
O1
-.4tllrtb-
a
ara'r>
a'. NOTICE OF ACTIVITIES
tl{. Morton Thiokol shall provide ten (10) days notice
to the Executive Secretary, through the designated contact(s), of
any construction, sampling and/or drilling activities to be
conducted under this Consent Order.
PUELICITY
45. The par.ties lrill inform each other at least 24
hours in advance of any fonaal press release nade relating to
this Coasent Ordcr and the uork conducted pursuant hereto.
Either party Bay' respond to nedia ingrriiies about'tbe Order or
requirea actifities uithout consulting the olUer vh.en'sucb ingui-
'ries are nade in a nanntr tiat precludes prior'.notice. Either
O party loay pronptly releasc technica| data ali necessarlr.to prodect
public treltttr or the environnent, provided, .hovcvcrr'that, vhere
Possible, the other party viIl be given an opportunity prior to
release to revies such inforaat,ion and provide conments on the
;infonaation's technical accuracy. Any party responsible for
releasing such information shalI, prior io such release, attempt
to assure that the infomation is accurate and reliable so that
the public is inforzred in a responsible nanner. The Execu;ive
Secretary shall publish ad,vance-notic€ of availability for pr:bIic,.-
..:evi,ev cf .any suSmittal by Horton fhiokol thich regrsircs Connit,-
tee approval under this Consent Order.
o a
'- a-o 1! 1!o
o aI- -
--
LIABILITY
-
' 46. Neither the State ngr any of it" employees, nor
any nenber. of the Cornrait,tee shall be liab1e for any injurics or
yhich resultdamages to persons, propeFty, or natural resources
fron acts or onissions by l.{orton Thiokol or its agents or. Gorl-
tractors in carrying. out activities pursuant to this Consent
Order. Thc Cornnittee and its repreS.entatives shall conply vith
all rules and regulations established by Morton Thiokol for.the
protcction of Lealth, safety, and, security vhile on lts property
or ProPert!, under'its control. '
REIMBITRSEMEI\rT FOR. SERVICES
47. l.{orton Thiokol shall reinburse . the. Exeiutivc
;.jecretary for the cost of personal scnrices of enployees of, lhc
Executive Secietary actually incurred in overseeing conpliance
vith tbis Consent Order and in reviering Morton Thiokol's Part B
.t:-g plan, filed July 8, 1985, ES anrended, vith respeit to
solid, and, hazardous saste nanagenent units identified in the pian
as of the date of entry of this Consent Order, plus 7t of such'
costs. Reimbursement under this paragraph shall be in lieu of>
any fees for plan reviev under Utah Code Ann. 5.26-11-23 (1953,
as amended,) vith respect to-all , su€b- units identif ied in the .
pla-. '?he Exec=:ive sec:et,arfialr suSmit periodic iavcices :;
Morton Thi6kol identifying these personal senrice costs. Morton
a
a
.a
a
Og
-.ro / {rtb-
O
aThiokol's liabifitY
s25,000.
EURATION OP CONSENT ORDER
€g. This Consent Order shall terninate uPon vritten
notification by the conmittee to t{orton Thiokol tbat conpliance
uith all terns and conditions of thc Order has been achieved.
. },IODIFICATION
4g.thisConsentorderrnaybenodifiedin
Dutual agreenent of thc parties and approval by the
PARTIES BOI'}ID
't-
.
under - this paragraph shall not exceed
vriting upon '.
.ta'
Comnitt€€.
a
.a
so. This conient oraer shall be -binding on thc par-
' tivc see-etiry is a ,.r"or,. sr:bord,inateties, including .thc Erccu
to tbc coumittee and subject to'it.s direction aad iontrol, 'and
nIGiAnD M; MeQUIVEYVice President
Facil it i es and Test Operatiotts'
their rcsPective iuccc3so-rs and assigns' '
' DATED this Eu^, ot 4^"'( , 1987
I'{ORTON IIIIOKOL, INC. :
Utah Solid and Hazardous tlaste
CoI*ittee.
-24-
FOR THE E](ECIITIVE .SECRETAN.Y . OF Ti{E
SOLID AI.ID IiAZARDOUS WASTE
COM}'TITTEE:
.BRE!{IT C. BR.ADFORD
Executive Secretarlz
3
g
E'a
TFF
F
EI
5FFl
U2
MorffoxTHpKoL. INc
L4 June 1988
5063-FY88-L06 1
Mr. I{lke IIoImes - 8HI{M-ER
Regton VIII
U. S. Euvironnental Protectlon Agency
999 18th Street
Denver, Colorado 80202
Dear !lr. Ilolmes
SubJ ect:Release of Hazardous Waste from M-590 East Suup
On 6 Noveuber 1987, Morton Ttrlokol, Inc. notlfled U. S. EPA Reglon VIII
of a potentlal release la the Alr Force Plaat 78 area. Ttre potentlal
release orlgluated fron a sump (taa51 east of Bulldlng M-590. A report
dated 4 Deceuber 1987 was also subulrted whlch lndtcated Morton
Ttrlokolfs latended actloas to luvestlgate thc poteatlal release.
WasEe was lmedlately reuoved frou the task and actton taken to prevent
eDy waste waters frou eatcrlng the sulp. Attached ls the followtrp
report coupletlug the reportlng requtreueats of 40CFR265.196. Thls
report dncludes the data fron the soll saupllag and an aaalysls of the
aol1 saoplc resulta.
If you have any questlonsr please coutact Mr. John Slaughter of uy staffat [phone].
R. J. Taylor, Supenlsor
Envtronmental Engtneertng and Control
Enclosures:
cc: Breut Bradford
&ITl.fnS lpfb
9lnccrely
o
n{vEsrrcArroN REsrrlrs g;rtrffi;us wAsrE RELEASE
27 UAY 1988 i
o
Prepared r*
Johh A. SlaughteEr Jr.
Envlronnental Englneertng & Control
1. BACKGROIND
0n 6 Noveuber 1987, l{r. Ronald J. Taylor representing Morton
Ttrlokolrs Aerospacers Utah-based Operatlons reported a release
frou a hazardous waste suup (tank) at Alr Force Plant 78 to
the Reglon VIII Reglonal Adolnlstratlou. Mortou Thlokol
operates the plant under coutract for the U.S. Alr Force andls respoaelble for lts operatloas.
As requtred by 40 Cl?, 255 Subpart J, a report .dated 4 Deceuber
1987 was sent to Reglon VIII outllnlag the actlons to be taken
by Mortoa Thlokol. Thls report tncluded a saupll.ng pIan, but
oot the results or analysls of sotl sanples. This report
addresecs the resulte aad analysis of the soll sauples and
Morton Thlokolrs future actlons.
2. RESIILTS OF SOIL SAMPLING
So11 sanples were collected aad taken accordlng to the
saqllng pIaa. Ttrls plau ls tn Attachmeat 1. Results of
theee saoples are shorr ln Tables I and 2 and the laboratory
reports lu Attachnent 2. Ttre sarryle results lncluded
backgrouad saoples, soll aarnplee of the affected or
poteotlelly affected area' ead of a fleld bIank. Ttre fleld
blaak cousl.sted of ualforu waehed and dryed sand. Tests
lucluded analysls for total uetals ead E.P. toxtclty tests
3. ANALYSIS OF SOIL SA}TPLES
3. I Volatl,le OrFaalcs
No sotl saoples contalaed any volatlle orgaalc co,upounds ln
either the backgrouod sauples or the sol1 sauples frmr the
poteatlally affected area.
3.2 l{etals
A11 sotl sarples were aaalyzed for slIver, cadnluu, chroml.ua,
and lead. Both total uetals and E.P. toxtctty tests were
pcrforued on thc eoll saoples aad thcse results are listed tn
Table I aod 2 respectlvely. Ttrc soll eauples talcea 1o the
affected eres were coopared stac16tl.ca1ly to background uslng
Analysls of Varlance (AI{OVA) technlques and t-tests
couparlsone. Thc statlstlcal technl.qucs are dlscussed ln
Preparatloa of So11 Sauplln8,Protocol; Technlques and
Scrateglgg, EPA-60014-83-20.' Test results in the ANOVA
frffi-for the total Eetals constltuents deuonstrated that
the solls tn the affected areas have statlstlcallv the saue
3.3
concentrattous of Pb and Ag. The conceatrattons of Cr and Cd
were not the saue as background; however, the values were less
than backgrouud values as demonstrated by t-tests that shor
both the Cr aud Cd Ievels ln the affected sol.I saoples below
the 0.9 couftdeace lntenral for these uetals 1a the background
sauples. Ttre statlstlcal calculattous are found ln Attachuent
3.
Ttre values for total uetals ta both the background sotls and
affected sotls can be cmpared to Table 3 whlch llsts typlcal
coBceatratlons of uetals ln solls. The conceaEratlons tn the
solIs at !I-5908 are tn the rauge of co"'-on soll tlpes, except
for caduluu whlch appeers to be eltghtly hlgher than the
values ltsted in the Tables.
ftre EP toxlclty tests oa all the solIs saoples showed no so1l
fal11ng the concentratloa llults of 40 CFl,262 for hazardous
waste. These results are llsted ta Table 2.
Frm these two data sets, there does not appeer to be
releese of Betal constltuents f rou the U-590E sruBp.
Emloslve and Other Coaetltuentg
Sme perehlorate was fonad ln.thc sol1e at the affected area.
E:sploelve coustttucats wrre fornd 1n uost of the sol1 sanp.les.
Table I Ilsts the conceatratl.oas fotrad ta the solls. The
rcportcd quaatltl.es for altroglyecrln (NG) and
tctreDcthylene tetraoltraul.ae (mA) are oaly eettuates based
oo a 30 ug sauples. Ttre rcgults on both HMX and NG are not
coaclualve, becsugc theee coastlEueats appear ln the
background sauples fleld blaak, as well as, ln sol1s ln the
affeeted ere8. After coaanltatton wlth laboratoty cheulst who
perforued the analyals the follmtng concluslons were nade:
Ttre values for HUX and NG were detected tn the
ssuples; howev€E r the source of the HMX and NG is
questtonable. '
Because the H!,tX was fouad the f1eld blank, which sras
sand washed wlth wat€E r rlnsed wtth dlsttlled water
and dryed tn an oven and because HMX wes found tn
all the background sauples at hlgher concentratLons
than 1n the sotl sauples tn the effected area, the
sauples tr8y have been contamtnated durlng laboratorT
extractton procedures .
Ttrere dld Bot seeu to be a hlgh probabillty that any
lnterference could have occurred frou the sor.l
ruatrtx or f rou other compounds.
A record of this conversatl,on aad coacluslons ls found ln
Attachneot #5.
Evea Lf these concentratlous dld exl.st ln the soll they would
aot preseBt any danger to the publlc health or the
envlronoeat. 0n1y one saople detccted altroglycertn and lt
was la a background sauple. The concentrattons of HMX found
to not appear to be a probleu. No curEeut'staadards on
toxlclty are avallable oa EME, but studles perfo:med by the
U.S. Armyrlgad Morton Thlokol to belleve IIMX hae llulted
toxlctty. \2' Ttre E!fi affected sanples pose a ilotentlalreactlvlty probleu. Ttre Amy has used art\reshold of 1000
uglg fot HMX ln studles of opea buratng. \3/ Sol1s containlng
less thaa 1000 ug/g of H!!t are not reactlve aceordlng to the
Aruy threshold. None of the sol1 sauples 8t U590E approach.thls threshold.
Baeed on aaalysls of the analytlcal deta, Morton Ttrlokol does
not bell.eve auy HMX or NG has beea released; however, lf any
has been released lt 1s ln concentratlons that are not
teactlve and poae no threet to huuaa health or the
eavtroameat,.
Table I shons that the ftrst sarnple S-1 coatatned 99.8 ppu
perchloratee, lndlcatlag sme watcr waa releaeed tnto the
surrosadtng sotl; howcver, on rcvtcwlng the data, only sotl
sauple S-1 ghowed thls perchlorate cooceatratlon. Aaalysls on
thc backgrouud so1l sanples aod so.ll saoples frou'affected
areas had conceatratloas of perchloraGes. A statistLcal
couparlson ustag analysls of varlance wes performed cmparlng
the background sotl saqles wtth sotl sauples frou the
affected areaa wlth aad withouc soll sauple S-1. Wlth sotl
aauple S-1 tacluded ln the populaclon, the baekgrornd
coDcentrattons of perchlorates ls dlffereDt that those la the
affected soll. Wtren the solI sauples rere tested usl.ng
aaalyels of varlaace wtthout sarrple S-1 thea there are no
stattstlcal dlffereace bettreea the soll saryles la the affected solls
and the background sanrples. Ttre statlstlcal celculatlons are ln
Attachneat 3.
Frou these data, only a
at the surface near the
CONSLUSIONS
The oaly coaetttueat concluslvely found to be released frou
the leak tn the suup at U-590 1s a'n'noniul perchlorate..
Aunonluu perchlorate ls not a hazardous constltuenG as defined
by 40 CFR 261 Appendlx VIII. Amontuu perchlorate as a rat
uaterial 1s classlfled as an oxidlzer. At the concentratlons
found la the soll, lt rould no longer ueet the deftnltlon of
aa oxldlzer or an lgnltable waste. In fact, studies have
shown that at concentratlons less than .1 percent,
perchlorates are subJect to ulcroblal degradatlon (see
Attachment 4). Uorton Thlokol does not belleve this
concentratlon poses a threat to human health or the
envlronuent and does not requlre reuoval.
small auount of oxldlzet was released
crack ln th6 It[-590E suEp.
a 5. FTITIIRE ACTIONS
Imedtately after the leak was found the suup at M-590E ras
takea out of serrrlce. llortoo Ttrlokol had scheduled thls suup
aa oae to be replaeed durlng thls codng calendar year. The
replaceraeut srrop 1111 be deslgaed accordlag to 40 CfR 264
Subpart J Staadard for secoadary coucalnaent aad w111 be
tnspected by au lndependent eaglaeer prlor'to and durtng
tnstallattoa aad reuoval of the old snup. IIls report w111 be
on record at l{ortoa Ttrlokol, Iac.
Ttre old snup w111 be reuoved frou the grouud and taken to the
U-136 Bu::ulng Grounds. At the bunLug grounds the suup wtll
be flash burned to reoove any reacclve uaterlals. The burnlng
grounds curretrtly hae lnterlo stetus for open burnlng of waste
e:rplostves aad propcllants. After flashlng the suap w111 be
dl.sposed of at a per:rnltted saaltary 1aadfl1l at Morton
Thloko1.
REFERENCES
1. lleson, BeaJaoln J. r :
Technlques aud Strategles, EPA-60014-83-020, !{ay 1983
PP. "r-t,
2. Grouad Warer Monl.torlng Study No. 38-26-0457-86, AIIC open
Burnlng/Opea Detonatlon Facllltles, Unlted States Army
Envlroomeutal Hyglene Agency, Febnrary 1984 - March 1985 pg 10
3. Eazardous l{aste Study No. 37-26-0593-86 Suuary of A}lC Open
Buratng/Opea Detoaat,lon Grouad Evaluatlon tlarch 1981 - March
1985. Unlted States Aruy Eavtroooeatal Hyglene Agency, pp 5-6
4. Naqul SU.2. aod Latlf A., .NASA Coatract Rep, NASA-CR-148323,
L975
5. Slus, Roaald, et a1., Contautaeted Surface Solls In-Place
treatueat Technlques,' Jers€Y,' 1986 pp 243 Table 3-27
TABLE 1
SAMPLE ANALYSIS REST'LTS
. (ngPoRTED rN PP!{'S)
SAI{PLE Hlfx NG
Vo1at 1le
OrganlcsAPAgcdCrPb
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
B-6
B-7
B-8
FB
S-l
S-2
S-3
S-4
s-5
S-5
S-7
S-8
s-9
ND.
}ID
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
D
I\fD
I{D
ND
![D
D
ND
NI)
IID
I{D
lrD
ND
NI)
I{D
NI)
I{D
NI)
IVD
ND
4.2
0.4
0.1
1.1
1.0
1.9
.4
1.0
99.8
2.0
2.6
5.7
2.8
1.0
L.7
1.8
.2
.6
o.J
L.2
1.8
L.2
1.4
I
2.3
2.8
.9
z.'z
2.L
3.2
1.6
4.5
2.7
3.9
L.7
2.L
2.3
2.3
2.0
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.5
1.1
2.0
1,6
L.7
1.6
L.7
1.8
L.7
1.5
45
53
55
50
42
32
30
39
28
13
8
14
I3
15
14
11
L7
24
26
31
30
31
25
31
28
I{D
32
29
27
28
30
28
27
26
25
ND
ND
ND
ND
I{D
ND
I{D
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
ND
I\TD
T{D
NDNI)I{D .24 .?2
D - Detected, but not'quaatlfled, because sample not weighed. See
results ln Attachneat ll2
ND - Not Detected
SA}fPLE
TABLE II2
SA!{PLE ANALYTI CAL RESIILTS
E. P. TOXICITY TESTS (pprn)
Ag
B-1
B-2
B-3
B-4
B-5
B-6
B-7
B-8
.002
.018
.017
.013
.050
.042
.039
.032
.00 I
.029
.034
.022
.073
.071
.07 2
.056
}[D
ND
I\tD
.060
ND
ND
ND
.037
IVD
.057
.045
.055
.157
.206
. 184
. 134
S-1
s-2
S-3
S-4
s-5
S-6
S-7
S-8
S-9
FB
ND
.040
.051
.042
.039
.036
.038
.039
.018
IIID
Not Detected
Pleld Blank (sand washed
wat€E r and oven dryed) .
.027
.07 2
.084
.065
.064
.063
.059
.062
.035
ND
I{D
ND
IIID
ND
ND
ND
. 120
.244
.203
. 135
. 201
. 117
. I58
. 150
.111
.057
ND
ND
IVD
ND
ND
FB
1
wtth tap wat€Er rlnsed with dlstilled
ELEME!{T
TABLE 3
COlntENT OF VARIOUS ELEMENTS IN SOTT,S5
COMMON RANGE
FoR SOILS (ppr)
AVERAGE FOR
SOILS (ppm)
As
Ba
cd
Cr
Pb
Itg
Se
Ag
I -50
100-3 ,000
0 . 01-0 .7a
1-1 1000
2-200
i
0 .01-0 . 3
0. 1-2
0 . 01-5
5
430
0 .06
100
10
0 .03
0..3
0.05
ATTACHMEM IIL
SAMPLING PLANS
'o SOIL SAMPLING PROCEDURES FOR }T-590 EAST SU{P
Prepared
o
D. L. Covtngton
Environnental Englneering
and Control
L2 Nov. 1987
o
o SOIL SA}IPLING PROCEDTIRES FOR M-590 EAST ST'MP
SITE LOCATION
Ttre East Surnp at M-590 ls to be sanpled.
SA}(PLE OBJECTIVE
Ttre obJectlve of these sanpllng procedures is to prgvlde an
estlnatlon of the extent of contaulnatlon fron Bulldlng M-590. The
extent ls ueasured only ln the vertical extent and liulted in the
horlzontal extent.
03. SAMPLING EQUIPMENT
01.
02.
t.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Scatnless Sceel Scoop
Fleld Book
Eighc Pint Bott les Ltith Tef lon Liners
Tape Measure
Squeezable Wash Bortle with Dlstilled Water
Water for Detergent Wash and Rinse
I{ipes f or Cleanlng Sanples
Wash Bucket or Basin
Tractor wtth Backhoe
Rubber Gloves
TooI Boxo
04. SAMPLING TECHNIQUES
Ttre saurpllng w111 be done by aaklng a trench wtth a backhoe and
taklng grab sanples at dlscreet depths. Thls uethod Ls known as
horlzootal punch saqllng ln a trench. Flgure I provldes the
locatloa of che trenchs. The trench w111 be uade ln a nanner that
allows the srnpler to safely obtaln sauples frou lnslde the trench.
An additlonal trench rlll be oade approxlaately 100 yds to Ehe east
of M-590. Ttrts treach wtll be a background saurpll.ng trench. Four
sanples w111 be taken froo thls- area. See Flgure 2.
The locatlons of each sanple are deplcted ln Flgure lL Saupllng
should be preformed ln accordance wlth che procedures outllned ln
Attachuent 1. Wheu taklng the sauples, carefully renove the outer
portlon of the soll rhlch sas disturbed durlng the constructlon of
the trench. Using the stainless steel scoop, reuove a soll core
wlth a uLnluuo of dlsturbance. The core should coue from the "up
h111" slde of the Erench.
Be sure the saraple Jar, uhlch has been cleaned by the Jar Cleanlng
Procedure ln the l{aste Analysls PIan, is properly labeled using
TC4793 (Rev 5-84). Shlp che sauples to the laboratory with the
proper L.W.R. uslng the analytlcal pareneters co be oeasured.
'o -2-
SOIL SAMPLING PROCEDURES FOR M-590 EAST STJMP
05. SAUPLING DOCIJMANTATION
The followlng information must be recorded in the Field Book:
05
Dace and Eime of sampltng
Sarnpler t s nane and si.gnature
Locatlon of samples tncludlng
and cores
Type, nunb€Er sauple nuuber,
Weather
Texture and color of sauples
Any oEher perti.nenc lnformatton
AT.IALYTICAL PARAMETERS
decailed dimenstons of trenches
and seals used on sample bottles
GClltS for vollt1Ie organlcs (headspace technique)
Atomic absortion for Ag, Pb, Cd, & Cr (EP Toxicicy and rotals)
Annonlum Perchlorate concentratlons
HIO( concentratlons
Nltroglycerlne concentratlons
o
-tr
l&--)(,H9L
FO
-
a=
tr
,

A
J182
ut
G,

]-
,e
=-
-
-
)o
-Ef
i
SN
Al+I
J.
-
'L
,
zlr
JG,F
Prelrrnrnory Sor I Somplrng lvl-Sgo
TRENCH tl CROSS SECTICI'I
o
3.C
6.C
8. C
Soi I sornple locotion
Topso I (r,Jois/scncJ )
El ock Ground Somp Ie Trench
5.O
6.O
s i r t /son d/gro/e I
NOT TO SCALE
o ATTACHI{EI,IT I
SOIL SAHPLING HETHODS
SOIL SAHPLING WITH A SPADE AND SCOOP
Carefully rcuove thc top layer of soll to the deslred sanple
depch wlth a spade.
Uslng a stainless steel scoop or Erosel collect the deslred
quanclty of soll.
Transfer saople lnto an approprlate saaple bottle slch a
stalnlcss steel Iab spoon or'cqulvalent.
Chcck chat a Tcflon llncr ts present tn thc -cup tf requtred.
Sccure che cap tlght1y. Ttrc chenlcal preservaclon of sollds
ls generally not recooended. Refrlgeratlon 1s usually the
best.approach supplcucnted by a alnlaal holdlng tlue.
Label che sauple botcle slth che approprlare sauple tag. Be
sure to labcl the cag carefully and clearly, addresslng all
chc catcgorles or paraacters. Courplctc all chaln-of-custody
docuacncs and record ln the fleld log book.
Place the properly labelcd saaple bottle tn an appropriate
carrylng concalner natntalned at 4"C throughout the saupllng
and transportaCton Jrt rtorl .
The slupIest, no6t dlrect oethod of collectlng soll sauples for
subscquent analysls 1s slth the use of a spade and scoop. A notual lasn
or gardcn spade can be uc1l1zcd to reEovc che top covcr of soll to the
requlrcd depth and then a sualler stalnless steel scoop can be used to
collect the sauple.
Uses
Thls rnethod can be used in nost soil types but is lirnited soneshat co
sanpllng the near surface. Sanples frou depths greater than 50 ca
becoues excreoely labor lntenslve in aost soll t1'pes. Very accurate,
represcntaclve sauples can. be collected uith this procedure dependlng on
che care and preclslon deuonstraced by the techniclan. The use of a
flat, polnted n-son trosel co cuE a blotk of the deslred soil u111 be of
ald when undlscurbed proflles are requlred. A stalnless steel scoop or
lab spoon utll sufflce 1n Dost ocher applications. Care should be
exerclsed to avold the.use of devlccs plated uith chrone or other
uatertals; platlng in parclcularly counon uich garden'implenents such as
pottlng tronels.
Proccdures
!'te chod 4- I :
Dlscuss 1on
t,
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
o
Clean samp I lng
f o I loslng orde r
re saBp I 1ng.
EooI, .bet.uegn each sampl tng potnt. tlash tn Che
utE{t'6?'ffr, dlscl lled tlac€r,
Be sure equtpoenc drtes before
,O ATTACHMEM II2
I.ABORATORY REPORT FOR}TS
Q\\)
LAEORATORY WORK REOUEST ,!' ;>.(--
[\H. 527 '' 4?
EX?Er$Or
--t)'// /
COST CEilTET
'^>rnr 1
,roJEg? xo.?AST SUTTASX
mlll sto?
',-\
wom oro€t ro.
/-. I
usEl ,cx
AM PLE INFORMATION
SAUPLE O€SCRIPYIO'{
i
FftT rro.rsrocl xo.
I BAw MATERTAL
,- INPROCESS
i Posr PnocEss
TES" nCOutcD or ocscilTTror oF wofi rEour@. rilcLuoc rc^lsox for rEoucs?
5.
\...
I
nEPOTT nE$rus To
\ '' . \' i:'-
t.\
*rc corv ro
\'.
rc$rrTs ocsnED lv tsptcrFtc olTcr
luTHoilttD 8roilArurc oe frg?tgtlor sTlr?
FOR LABORATORY USE ONLY
sPECLlt ttsTmrcTtofts
o
OATE AiO TITC COTRETEO
DISPOSITION
tr AccEPT tr nE rEcr I REsAMPLE
/
FOrm TC
'16 sto ttcv r.tst
54099
o
a
L7191
wOffi REOUES? NO.
tzl'7 q"
worK olocr
, {,,i -)
SArr rLE I C
3r, l /3 -,3.f,?
s"Oc,x/uOT NO.?E Cr{Nt Ct Ai.a4/ r'2 L( fl",l procEDurr
E?till tL fil,?
,ata,
I t4 64 q)?,r,tr
T I I r i
I
t
I
I rRlr
I
1
I
I F.c I'
I I
I
f'-ae '.
jJ i i
l-O J Li ,l-I ,l i!'
I
I ?t
l,(l:/'-A.,F'
O t-ll,,?,7 I
,lr ,Li ?.
! (2'tl:.?r V,I.o Z d4 ?,
C''\,,,
(a,l'i /It
tO
o 7-
f- ),
tt,
a ltj ,4 I
r(C lAt a fr 7
-,,l ..
,.L
l-/?,t --f' rlr (e;ri
-r \l', -J b'-t'J
.r,t.i oa I ? ,.11.:t)
o l),)\-C,(a t(,/i1 r
I tt
c-,74 i;i
f.n. e.
.'.'i -,1
r- ,rl q q)
I
I
4:*g
.),
-1' ''?t
O I, )J eit
el L
Ll
el
-tr Fv
J t N I Hc /
tl {!\
?i I
,
L\./
.)ta 'itt !i tp;
'|.."t r\/itt -t,/_
a
e4 a,'/
ii-'/.ld.l ,
?
2
l.rt
d*l
a
o
,e
o?-t o o-t
O
t-
at
r{a
lrto b\/
I
*-o
I J
4t
l-lI t:e
<t ?t o + -:J (
\
I
FOtu 7c No. ttaa
L7190
L7178
o
L7OLz
FOiH ?C N(). rtaa
L7 173
LA
--flO: t'
OHATORY WORK REOUEST 1'-?-t-'L -:L
[!u. 5z7s4l
Fior:EXTEXSIOi
,2
COST CEXTCT/2
;rorccT io.TASI SUTTAST
r lt srot woil orocr io.
I
uSEt FCX
M PLE INFORMATION
sAi,rPtE OESCRtPTtOff
.J
o/r?E
lssEmBtY sERtAr f,o.
:
I
Il-r
RAW MAIERIAL
INPROCESS
POST PROCESS
rEs? REOUIICD Or OCSCrtr"rOr OF WOil TCOt.rE, |ICUTDC ICASOT FOr TEOTTCST
REFoiT nESULTS n0 scrc corv ro
) l' ' t'
./IESI.ILTS DC$TCD !V IS'ECIF|G OATEI
FOR LABORATORY USE ONLY
sPECtAr trsTnuc?tors
NESULTS OF LAIORATOIY Af,ATVSIS DISPOSITION
D ACCEPT T REJECT T RESAMPLE
OATE ATO ?ITC COryI'IETEO
L7L72
o
o
.O
.1.*q
worx REouES? NO.
5lFbt t
worx orocr
t37 7"t C
SA;a TLE r oGN ? xo. |OLt: TEt tZ
. Th,-?r I ln-llpr 212
OA?E
oBtA rz
;IOC*/LO? itO.?ECHNI CIArl I 1 ii '
/ o,-(-ta //l*,L ,
PTOCEOUTC
P.r -l-u,.st
-.j
7tit l}
O...t
t.
I II n I{{,
I
I
I
I
I
-a2
aIr L"C -I l;: ,Lr t Ir/t"I,L,L^l ti .,1
1
r!
L. l o, {i t lwf
Dnr +r..'1 k .l-d +[-,L+?t t ,4 lu-.1 l,A IJ )". lJr
,t,cl 7.;,Itr n"t p I /5 lrt l5t t,,,I
(t
"i .vl t,V.I -.(UY h.r -..Ef [.C,A t?tq:rlLt
\
r
I I
Vr i: -'j I
t_
,l
-5.lr.l V .-'r ii
\,,1 6.?;)'"ti k:,;l 7C biL, I 3q
1/t r.J
.ar/ii
i
.-\bL -\5lt ta
o.1i b -)ta
I
-.tl axI qq/,q
Ri Os Di .tti
^/n3
.J
I
I-n."=Jr
()a-;<n I .l a-]t;.t 3f,J
t)t..l
tt.,rl :J :J ,--]
Tsr il
oA0 t\[e 'i D )
t 14.?o 3n )b /,-
\\V,)a M
:i
$rnt )/
(I
I
f?
U s \\-ffi-.|-/1 bv1
\I --,0 .J LL-hi rrf
,ra I ?
LT
t I 3 (tlQ la.
q (\--
o.
?-'l-,lj ?ot I \^,I
a
I
o.l
L ?ol l*ft,)
(-' -utl )l ,\(^t5 l:L e Irl t6 'COri
J,l,C,I t(tlt -tk t;tq
1:)q 17 !
L F.11 -{\L ': (-.s7 A v1 o.a\st F.,/_,
FOIM ?c No. ttaa
L7 L77
FC,iH TC NO. t0aa
o
L7179
a
L7180
worx rceuEs? xo./i71q\l
worK oRocr
i L'r$1
SAMTLE IOCNT N9.
5^, /
OATC
i ].'L! -*7
stoexr/Lo? ,r.o.
..S- "O.?.?t\*- :'
?E Cr{i. r Cr Ar iaztl iL;I ,roccourE
44:nltr.- Ab,
.,i-a'.
*':'i!#iriltr
t
4 'n*
U t-tf,i"'F v
^
C ,I I
-I ?-.lf
I
t7 l'-1 r-lrrl
,,e ,0 I J
a6
ei e ,,{t{0 'y l,c >?l 1A ,ic.\c (1,4 rd4 o e o ^-\i?l
-,I
.J
?r v\1 \
1 ft r\
f\.,,[il 8,,/1 L 1L u t.e 1./-rJ i, t )C7 I ltt'l I
r"1 n t . ,j'l aj )il''l,L a-I 5 {? rhta,' st,tr .l )
-1 I
I
I
iV ol
qo )I i4 l,Yl ftct a,
A
A
e
tl
'-i'.1 t z li,.l a\
O ,81
n ,r7 ?{\
\/ ?,, ,'\-,t Atrr'A
IarlC::PA )
\_j
I
:
4 'iTC\,t 8 at-\r'I ,d t,1j l
I (1 )
o 7r.,-
l, I C \v , i,'l l,{}{
L
-
, i-.
?
12
Ot7'I -t:4
,
,a ?
t..
10
a
.J ?
at
2F -1
I
_l
t't:!,
ti ;1 \
I -
\-
;
/
t\'-t drt.,.1-lq
u.I -a-
I
O.
d -I-t
.lr.l e
I [.(l:.d
?*1 l,ut t3 I
I
-/rt C
,-F
I
tlI
a
a,?v
?,-a
a
b
-I T d ^4 I ts
\
rl1.rl Flt a1.rr y'\,t\
Fc)irll ?c, NO. t0aa
ATTACHMEM II3
STATISTICAT ANALYSIS
o
M-590 SI'}IP STATISTICAL TESTS
5 April 1988
AI.IOVA POR CHROUIU}T
SOTIRCE OF DEGREE OF
VARIATION FREEDOM ss US
Strata I 3,463.63 3,463.63 59.35
Error 15 875.43 58.36
Total 16 4,339.06
89nrL7, 2 L ;490
nr1 E-l
. c-
(480)2-l3rs5z.g4
L7
O F. 99, t, t5 r 16.6
f ) f.SSS, 1, 15 so Cr concentratlon are dlffereat ln the solle
T{-5 9OE SI'MP STATISTICAL TESTS
ANOVA FOR CADUIUU
5 April 1988
SOURCE OF
VARIATION
DEGREE OF
rREmou SS l-ts
Strata
Error
Total
89nrLti Z En-l m-l
(Ca)n rm ' 33 .30
2.03
0 .05
(33.30)2
Cr - 65.23
L7
are dtfferent tn the sotls
1
15
16
2 .03
0. 73
2.7 6
4L.7L
F.999, 1, 15 r 16.6
concentratlons
o
SOURCE OF DEGREE OF
VARIATION FREEDOI.T
M-590E STATISTICAT TESTS
ANovA FOR Ag
ss
5 Aprll t988
!rs
S trata
Error
Total
I
15
16
4.31
14.51
18.82
4.31 4.46
4.97
(35.00)2 r 72.06
89nrLT; Z L (ag)no r35.oo
n-I u-I
C-
L7
F.999, 1, 15 - 16.5
F ( F.999, 1, 15 so strate are the eaue for Ag coaceatratloas
o
SOURCE OF DEGREE OF
VARIATTON EREEDOU
U-590E SIMP STATISTICAL TESTS
ANOVA FOR Pb
SS
5 Aprll 1988
us
S trata
Error
Total
I
15
16
89nrLTi L I (PU)nn-478i
rpr uEi
0.25
95 .50
95.76
.26
6.37
0.04
(478) 2
C - r 131440.24
o
L7
F.999, 1, 15 - 16.6
r ( F.999, l, 15 so the straGa are the sanc ta Pb eoaceatratlon
I{-5908 SIHP STATISTICAL TESTS
5 Aprll 1988
ANOVA AUMONIIIM PERCELORATE (NOT INCLI'DING SAMPTE S-I)
SOURCE OF DEGREE OF
VARIATION FREEDO}T ss t{s
Strata I 10.08 10.08 6.54
Error L4 2L.59 1.54
Total 15 3L.67
89nr16; Z L (aP)nur22.90
nrl E-l
16
f.999r 1, 14 - 17
I' ( F.999, l, 14 The coaccntratLoa of AP Ls the saue la both
strata lf eanple S-1 ls not lncluded
(22.90) 2
Cr r 32.78
CONSTITUENT Y
l,[-590E SII!(P
8OZ CONFIDENCE INTERVALS
v(Y)df L+
9o
v(Y)
Pb
Ag
cd
Cr
AP
28.50
I.53
2.33
43. 38
.73
8.53
0.53
0.04
89.68
0.41
2.92
0.73
0. 19
9 .47
0.64
1.415
1 .415
1.415
1.415
1.415
32.63
2.56
?.60
56.78
1.31
7
7
7
7
7
A11 sauples are below the 9OZ eonf ldence tntenral
ATTACHMEM II4
o
I'Iaqylr Dr. syed and Latlf , Dr. Abdur, NASA Grant NSG
Final
I
8005, "Biodegradation of
Renopt, June
1r,
LglS, pp.
I
i
Rocket Propellartt WasEE r Ar'-onitm Perchlorat,ett,
(:HFJri i uAt. I'RCPI.:RTI l.:S OF .S( rrl, :!3
.-ID1--
l-.
A field exper.ment ls itr profiress at N.SIT.L NAIiA Test
'Site, liay St. Loulsi, MlsslsstpDl. A 5O meter X 50 neter
plct of land was clearded on Jnne 1?, Lt7,4i lts sol1
'sas broken aechanically and. grass etc. ,ai allowed to
dry for 1 week. Sfu<ty-forrr plots ( 12 t"t"rl trere de-
.earcated by wooden pegs, and a buffer zone of l aeter
a-
.-t
23-32.
:betreeu the adJacent plots was Ieft. Thesc plots uere
'nr*,t"r dlvlded lnto I larger bloeks each €ne conslstlng
of 16 one aquare Eeter plots.. Forty-g1ght gf these plots
u€rc treatcd randoarlly rlth 0.J, 5.5, 8d 55.O ga a.uonLun-
lnrchlorate (t6 ptots per trcatagntl. Thc lest 16 plots
ucrc control', rhlch dta not rcccl1c atry treattrcnt (Flg. ?1.
Iro pounds sur{acc so1l froq cach plot rlas El:ced Ean- .
.ually by shakfng ln a glass rldc uouth l-gallon Jar,
and spread evenly. So11 saagles f.rr tbc analysCa of
total tlltrogcn aad Chlorldes uGle tekea aftcr l, 2 and
4 aonths lnterrals. The_nes sanpllng rtl1 bc rsguaed
efter 12 .ooaths for those plots rhlch rers ln'lhfly senpled
after I nonth, folloned by 16 end 2O aonths for the other
tro.
So11 sanples usre drled ln an oYGn at LLOoC fot 2|.hourst
grorad thorougbly and sleved through a
'l.01-Ecsh/1nch
s1€vc'
ALL sanples rere taken by aa augei' (It dlane',er) froq thc
upp€r 6-1ncb stsf.ace sol1. Analyses cf soil saaplea r€re
_l l
rl,f
3fo3f,trr'-ff ' T---.r.r(r . ?. ?.t. i--
Ftg. ?
2\
LAI-OUT OF EXTFFF{E|'IAI pLOTS AT NASA TEST.SITE
. A: 55' g amordun perchlorate/ aqnarc n€terB:5.58 i -
C: O.O g Controi plbts
D: O.55 E ..a611isa perchlorate/ sqnare tleter:o
I
I
I
B
5
c
9
A
T3
D
17
D
2l
B
ZS
A
I,9
c
z
r. ..' D
5
A
l0
I
Itl
c
lt
.4..
2?
c
25
P.?
30
D
? r I lto'.
3
at,
7
B
ll
0
15
B
te
B
2I
A
2t
B
3T
c
tl
0
t
c
l2
B
I5
A
?r.F
A
2lr
(E
L'D
3a
c
3:T
D
3,
c
ll
d
+5
D
ts
D
.53
7
37
B
6l
c
3a
c
38
B
12
A
{t,
A
3,r-a
c
5+
q
5r
c
fiL
B
s
B
s0
D
t3
B
1t
D
sl
A
5'
A
s
A D
$
B
r0
c
4+
c
{3
A
trf
A
ft
B
60
B B
ittrll
o t -.,tG+(a"-t'---t--...1-------.1 -.. ,-
25
perfomed by the lt{lssisslppi State Chenlcal Laboratory
personnel at }lississipnl State Unlverslty. These samples
uere extracted (100.0 gn dry weight) rtth weier, and
eoluble chlorl.des uere deterrlned by Bolhard ltlethod of
Tltratton. Thc totel ltrogen uEs deteralned accordlng
tri: llhc Mcthod of Analysls for the Asgoclatlon or'Analytical
ChealstrT, A0/[C Pnocedrrre 2.O52n (pers. cotuuntcatlon
rdth Dr. E. Balley, Chlef Cheulst, I.A.S. D:.v. lt[lsstsslppi
State Chealcal laboratorT).The pH of each sanple was
elso deterulned.
Results
Decldely, there ras
between the control
for. 2. p:n9h Ttrp1e"..
of 5,33, rb1Ie the 3
no statistlcally stgntflcant dlfference
and traated plot, pH readlngs, treasured
Tbe cqlt:ol plots brd ea avcra,ge pH.
dtfferont treated plots had ,27;
5..29 and 5.25 for O.55 g, 5.5 g, afi 55.O g trcataents,
rcspcctlvcl.y.
The altrogea of sot!. sanpleg d1d not d!.ffer stgnlflcatrt-
i7. la sarplea takcn after 4 nonths, bnt thc chlo-
rldcs lscrcascd slgn!fi.ca^atly after 1 noth (glgnlftcart
at O.CIF Level), lecs slgnlflcantly after 2 aonths (O.O5*
lcvel) and was lnsigdflcant after 0 uonths. (Tables 5 and
6). Ttrls suggests that 1f thr G@po:ll6! 1s released i.n a
terestrlal'.envlrolEent, 1t uould ncrt ctrenge the chlortde
levels for a longer perlod of ttae.
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ft ls clearly evldent :'ron t.re data avallabIe on nltrogen
that it d1d not cirange due to treatment xlth aEaoni.un D€r-
chiorate.. There was a sllght lncrease 1n nltidg'en'plrcentagi'"..
ovor a perlod of Ir nonths, ln ger.eral. As stated earller,
there wes no slgnlflcant change 1n the pH of soll, but the
chlorLde colrtents dld lncrease Dostly tn the flrs'., aonth
aad subslded thercaftcr. ,, t... .\t _ t.,!, , r
Tbls paft, of our uorY ts being contlnued for alother yeer
to record changes 1u sotl cheuistrT after 12 aonths of
lnlttal ecposure. Vlsual oLserrrattoa of the treated plots
lndlcates cllearly the to:dclty of thls c@ound at 1ts
hlghest lc'nel. of coaccntratlon, rhcre thc natnral vGgetatlon
has not returned bacL as yet c1aco tfre frr1llal. treataent
datc (Jnne L?, l97Li.
Increase ln the anount of chlortdcs 1s exDllcable on thc
basls of the chentcal coposltlon of -"h1s copound rhtch
has the hlghest anouat of calorlne. Horevcr, lt ls aot
bom hor exactly thc chlertdcs c@blne rrlth othcr chernlcel
constttuents end affect the blochealca1 nachlnerT of 11v1ng
ce].ls.
lit
28
Tab1e ?---fuurlyses of verlancc for chiorlde contents of soll
takrrn as dlfferent latervals.
Sonrce of Degrees of Sun of Mean F value
_ OIIE'MC/NTH SAIIPLES _
TreatBents 3 . 3,'2?l+8 I.O9l, 10.8833**
Elror It O.8O2? 0.1003
Toral LL 4.W5
Tablc valus F 0.95(3.8) - l+.V\. ? 0,9913,6) - ?.5g
TTIO UONTHS S*UPLES . . .
Trratloants 3 1.1201 0.373 6.2063*
Erre I 0.4812 0.0601
fotal IL 1.6016
Iablc yfnc F O.95 (?.8) - [.O7 F O.aq (?.61 - ?.(a
FOI'B I&NTIIS SA}TPI.EX'
tablc valuc f O.95 (3.8) --\.O? F O.99 (3,8t - ?.59
Table $-1ygr:age total nltrogcn (f) of sarPlcs tdcen at dljferentlrtenrals of ti.EC.'
Coqc. tlH4ClO6 OtE ltONTH lYg l,t0NTtrt FOIrB UOTIIIS
gBlEctcr sguanc
Cotrol 0.049 O.Or2 0.069
o.55 0.018 0.062 0.074
5.5O o.o55 o.o5o o.o55
55.O O.O52 0.066 0.078
o
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TCnAL BrCn{A:'ii
Quantttatlve analysls of netural vegetatlon was dDne on May
?J, \g?5. A total of 16 plots ( 4 fron eich trcataent and-coitroli
uere harvested. All vegetatton was reaoved above the sol1
strface, cleared of attached debrls and drled at 102oC for
2& hours. .
'.t. rl
Results
I-
'fhe relght of drled plalts ls gtvea 1n Tib1e'8r and shorn
graphlcally la Flgute 7. lhe pla.ut grorth rag retarded 1n
cach treataent, horever, there ras no dlffereace 1n O.55
aad 5r5O g amonlun perchlorate treatiaeats. Tho blooass ras
rcduccd Etre thad 5 tincs ln thc traato€Dt rhelc amol'ua
pcrchlorate ralt nbced ulth sol.L A 55.O g pcr squarc Ecter.
Ia tbe other tuo treEtucnts thc rc uctlon 1a bloass rctght
Es Eore than Ll fola. Morc data shalt bc acgulred for bto-"' -'
Eass to substaatlate sur flndluis Eore couclustvcly.
Tab1c.!-1ej61 bloaass (gsl of control and treated plots'(averagc of & plots), haneeted on lfiey 21, L9?5.
ttelght (s)
I
NH4C1-Ol,
eB/sg.E
Coatrol
o.55
5.50
55.4
268.o
L72.O
L72.O
,1.O
Fold d!ff.rlth control
L.56
L.56
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3L
RESEARCH TN PRq}RESS A!{ID J'I'TURE PRO'ECTTONS
.1. We contlnuLng to see the effects of anaoni.ua perchlorate .,-
on plant grorth anri ger:alnatloa. Coaerclally Laportant
plant speci.es shall be tncluded ln later uotrk.
2. hrre cultures of !!fegf!@t and $!gg shall 'be'used
to Eeasure grose plant netabollsa by cmprtlng o,rygen
ga1n due to syntheels lnd loss duc to rccplrat1on.. Groth - .
rat€ of these org:rnlsas 1n varlons conccntratlong of
amqriun perchleate ts bclng Bea$rred by Spectronlc 21.
3. Btoassay rork 1s tD Fogress; .ruosgultoflsh, Ganhusla
af4lnfs are bclnt trscd to det€s.Bbe thc to:dclty of thts
L.
copound . fr;;O values rtLL bc calsr:lstcd by a eoputcr
Fogran of problt analysls (Daun aad f,:tlcrcas, 19651.
Long-ggtt studles o blodegadab{,Uty of thls ccpoud
are. ln Drogress. In the Dext 12 uoths, coll satples frm
treated plots riLL be :ualyzed for detet'alnlni ttre change
la chlclne aad nltrogea-of goll.
Wck o btodegradatlo of anaonlua perchlcatc 1l belng
cufeced by stndleg 6 c@Iroct derlved fro plent naterlal,
rhtcb rLLL bo l^e1d rurderground at IIASA tctt Fac1ltty, Bay
St. Louls, tdl'satsslppt. PerlodlceXlr, aanplea rltil bc
r-alyzed to note chaages la nltrogeo and chleldc coBtents,
ac reLL as f€arlbtllty of uslag thtc cupott, tn 1lcu of
arttflclal f€rttl;lzer. Data aae er(pceted to exhlbtt cffect
of aoonlua perchlorate oa btodcetadablllty of go11 qlcro-
cgaalsus.
5.
'32
6. Studles on blo-gas productton by net.hanogealc bacterla
are 1n protresi. Effcts are belng nade to gee 1f aanonlu,ro-
perchlorate affects aneeroblc dlgestlon of sludge or the
gfoilth of nethanogenic bacterla.
REFERENCES
Danrn, R. J., and E. Kllcreag: ![Lueo. Es. on Problt Ana1ys1s,
USDA-Ent@oI. Res. Dlv., It{1s9. State Un1v.,
Itllsglsslppl State, !ls. (1966)
Dc Ia Cnrz, A.A. and S.U.Z. Naqrrl. lllrex lncor-poratlon 1nthe envirqrnent: upt"ake ln aquatlc organlsros
and effects on the rates of photosynthesls andresptratlon. Arch. Enlnron. CoAte.u & To:dcol.1(r) : 255-26t+ (19?3 ).
lfaqvl, S.!I.7..r and A. A. De Ia Cruz. ltllrex lncorr.po,tratton 1n- the envlrqrae.'rt: Tod.clty l,n Selected Freshra'-er
Ge8n1sns. 8u11. Envtron. Cqrtan. & To:dcol.1oI5lz 3o54as (19?3).
N.B.
11slf-yoerly repont of Grant I{SG-6OO, uas rer.t to the foLlortE
Persons:
1. Ilb. WILLlan Wolvertonr !{.S.T.L. NASA Test Fac111ty,
Bay St. Iouls, l{l.sstss1ppi.
2. I{r. ltlarto l(ent, Asslstant Dlrector, Unlverslty lrffalrs,Gccga C. l{arshel..l Space FHght Center, HuntwlJ-le, Alabana.
,. ttF. Thoas A. Bryarrt, ONR RGpresentlve, Or'flcc of Naval Research,Ualverstty of Huntsrll.le Alabana Research Iastltute,
o
Huntsvtlle, Abb8E4.
-
Naqvl, Dr. Syed ar5 Latif , Dr. Abdul, i{4sA G/.a.nt. Rocket propeilant Waste, amoai'o Perehlorg/er"
NSG 8005,- "Btodegradatton of
Ftnal Bepoit. JulY 3, L97 6 , PP . L9-22
(r
in
r rrr lt lUllltlF f,T. FY
}g
Conclusions: (Tab1e p, !'igures 12, ff )
L. In all the concentrations of anmoniun perchlcrate pPb
atbo
to 100 ppm rar.ge ) gr owth of Azotobaclsr lncreased
direct proportion to tine of lncubutlon.
Grourth of these bacteria reached.the highest ln 10 ppb,
and was also better th:m conr,rol tn 1 ppb.
In 10 Fpm concentratLon, bacterial growth was very sinrllar uo
control during the entire period of gro'arth (I92 lrrss l.
Grorrrtir inhibt-"ion decidedly took place in 100 ppn, since
there was a urarked decline in the curve.
).
4.
Loiic-TERn EFFEcrs oF AMMoNruu pERct{LoRATE oN sorl. cnei..tlstnY
A field e:<perinent xas set-up at N.ST.L., Bay St,. Louls,
!',ississippi, nhere e 50 2 meter plot of land uas cleared
r*iLh the help of a tractor. Sixr,yfo:.rr J2 meter plots were
urrked with wocden pefisr and a truffer ,.one between each plot
(1/2 neter I l ineter) was'nrintained...'he 64 plots were further
divided into 4 groups, each one consisttng of 15 or€-n€ter2
p1ots. Fortyeight of these plols t{ere trea-r,ed with 0.J,
5.5 and -55.0'g amrncnium perchlorete horaogeneously mixed
rrith surface soif. The-rest 16 plots were kcpt ars control.
ihe plocs were based on CompLcte3y Randonized Block-Design.
SoiI samples were renoved with an auger arrd sent fcr anal;rses
to l.:ississlppi State (ihemicul Labor:rtory, Mississi,r;:i
St:rte, I.lississippi. Total :ritro6u.n and chloride cor.--rrnrs
20
r.rf soil nere detr.rmittcd. So.lublr. chlcridcs ucre determlned
lry llollrurd Methotl of 'l'itr:rLion und t,ot:rI nit.rof.(:n u:,: rt::::-
cribed ln: "The llethod of Alral;r-.is for the Associatiotr oI'
Anilytical ChemlstrT, AOAC lrrocedure 2.0521'.
Jn the final report of L9ii, we have g.i.ven results of pH
analyscs of soLl taken after ? sronbhs, nhich di,d not differ
from each other stati*lcaIly. SinLLarly, there was no
significant difference ln nitrogen and chloride contents of
soil ufter 4 months. llorever, only chloride contents of soil
were significantly hlrlher tn the first and seeond monih
samples. fn Tab1e 10 results of soi.l analyses perfcrrreo
afLer 4 months are gi'ren and Table 1O ls a su@3ry of resul',s
obtained by Analysls of Variance for the conparison of aeans.
Table I(L-16i31 nltro6en (6) and Chloride contents of sori(ppm) ln sampies taken after 4 r:ronths of initial
treatinent.
NH4Ctou
e/^2
16 ;.:ollTHs
{: .-TKI{ (ppn) CI
12 r.roNTllg
*
TKN ( ppr ! cI- ( pp, )
22 t'10i:TI{s
(pp*T*r*,, (pp*i cJ- (p;l'
0.00
0.00
o.55
o.55
630
630
030
530
12. O
1,2.0
3U.0
2/..0
t00
300
&c0
300
40. o
55.O
i5.o
95.O
)oo
2io
L00
30c
L).0
,ceaLr a\,
L6.?
e6.0
ad..r ltt*:'.tt- lI t-+l'
a
::i
5.5 700 r8.0 i00 80.0. loo t 3.c
5.5 700 20.0 3OO 50.0 . r+00 50.0
5' .O 560 16.0 L00 )5.O 25O 59.t,
55.O 665 16.0 j00 r.0.0 l+00 33 .o
*Calcu1ated from chloride determlnation
+{'TKNdlouaI kjeldahl nitrogen
. Tab1e Ll---Results.of Analyses of vartance obtal.ned for chioriie
contnents of sol} neasured at different lntervals.
llo. of months Souree of Degrees Sun of Mean F !varlation of freeCom squeres square val::=l
L2
16
?:€atments 3 9 ., 3.L? 0. ]2Error l. 110.0 2?.54Total 7 1.19.5
T::bIe value F 0.95 (3,4) - LJ9
Treatilents 3 L7L2.5 570.€3 l.aeError L !3?5.O )45.?5Total ? )Ce?.5T:rble value F 0.95 (3r1.) - 9112
22 Treatnenss 3 380.5 L?6.e) 3.i2Error L 6L?.o 16I.?,Total ? LO2?.5
Tirblc value F O.95 (3,&) - 9.J2_
';L'.L
^n
concLu:;ions: (trrbles L0 cn,l lI)
1. No statist,ica,Ily si6nil'ic:rnt di.ffercnce rrus obt:rinr'rl
5 chloride :ontents ol' soiI, which vras un:rlyzid ;rt'tcr
!2, 16 and 22 nonths oi the tnitial treatnent.
2. StatLstical analysis for nitrogen data was not done,
honever, the resrJts are e:cp1icltly clear. I'lo changc
1n nLtrogen contents of soll occn:red any ttme aftcr the
lni.tl,al -,reatnent with a:roolrium perchlorate.
J. Soil gll rras Cet,erzrri.ned for ali samples i.ncluding the
last taken (a!"ter 22 raonths), which reveal.ed ro signl-
flcant qiffercnce.
.4. Supportlng data conflrm our statement that the soil
chenistry ls not affected by the treatnent of a:rnoniun
perch).orate.
5. Plant germination and growth e:geri.raents have shown that
the toxLclty of a^runonlun perchlorate ls stlll persistent
only tn the hi8hest treatnent leve1 155 g acttve lngredlent
per squ3re neter of soll). However, there 1s lnslgelflcant
cffect of thls coarporrrd 5 ]ower treatnent levels, 1.e.,
5.5 and O.55 eJa?o
6. Contrary to plant grchrth, mtcroorganis;ns were unaffected
even in the highest concentration of ammonium perchlorate.
fn most cases, their gro'.rrth tncreased in treated cultures,
presunably because ammoniur perchlorate provided additional
gro'rfh factors.
o
i
a
!
t
ATTACHMEM II5
TELEPTIONE CALL RECORD
o
T EL EPHON E CALL RECORD
5063-FY88-!{2 48
Laboratory Analysls LIIR 527 941 and 527 942
Morton Thlokol, Inc. Support Senrices, Speccrochenlcal Analysls
o'}= fi;il. re88
'?TC C "
,cttox cox?ac"co
Carl Lundahl
Y CL E'}.O}r €
863- 2645
a3r^tit $?tr3t t?c
On 7 Aprll 1988, I spoke wlrh Scoct Glede and Carl Lundahl on the HIO( and nitroglycerin
results on sol1 saoples. Ttre purpoge of che dlscueslon was centered ou posslble explanation
regardlng the presence of HMX and NG 1n che background soll saoples, fleld blank, and the
solls ln the affecced areas. Ttre followlng lteus were coacluded frou the discussion.
The HMX and tIG values appear Eo be valld aualytlcal results and although
lnterference was posslble lc would not be verlfled, because sanples were destroyed.
The laboratory neglected Eo record the acEua1 welght of sauples, but esti.mated
che sample to be beEween 30 g and 50 g.
Possible source of contarinatlon occurred durlng the laboracory exEraction
procedure of the soll sanples.
Fleld contaulsatlon does noc look likely, because of the cleanlng procedures
betneen sg'npltn! and the presence of EIIX 1n the fleld blank. The field blank
was ualfom saod washed, .rlased rlth dtstllled water and oven drled.
A. K. Leuon
C. A. Lundahl
R. J. (Ron) TayJ,or
o
cc3
,o a
"cur
srcxl"utc
tr coxFrr,].c ouo"E ?o FoLLo;
tr ?ArArLE
tr co*s?r?rvs !!o3
E t,.cLE or loLE iourcE
fl orrEr rHAx Lor lrooEr
FOFil ?C t.o. tt
John A. S hcer, Jr.Englneer
E3E
p3H
aa
w
PRiLII.: iIIA.qY ASSESSi.iENT AND SIIE IiiSPEC'TION
OF
Ti..i I OKOL
BRIGIIAJ4 CITY, UTAH
TDD R8-830 4 -L2
Submi tted to:
Al Yor k€, F IT RPO
John tlarde'l 'l , REI'I RP0
Submi tted by:
Stephen Childs, FIT Project Officer
June 9, 1983
1
\
PRELII': IiiA.qY ASSISSi.'Iii\IT AIiD SITE IIiSPiCTION
THIO|(OL, BRIGIIAI4 CITY, UTAH
I. IiiTRODUCTiON
This report has been prepared to satisfy the r^equire,ic:nts of
Technical Direction Docunent (TDD) R3-8304-12 issued to.ihe Ec,,.1ogy
;nd Envjronment, Inc., Fie'ld Investiga'uion Tearn (FIT) by ReEion VIiI,
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (efA1.
fhe Pre'lf minary Assess:rent (PA) of the Th joko'l f ac'i'l'ity r,ras de-
veloped based on information obtained fron the EPA Region VIII CERCI-A
files, Utah Departrnent of Health inspectors and'their siie inspection
f i'les, and Thickol's Environn:enta'l Coord'ina'uor, Ron Taylor. The PA
n,as perforned during 'uhe week of 2 i4ay 1983. (See Appendix 2. )
The Site inspection (Si) of the Thiokol faci'lity was conducted by
Pat Ianni and Stephen Chi1ds on 3 i.iay 1983. Also participating in the
SI from EPA Region VIII r.ras iiartha Rosenber^g; no state or'loca'l agency
representatives were present. Permiss'ion to conduct the SI rvas grant-
ed by Ron Taylor, Environrnenta'l Coordinator for Thioko'l/Llasatch
Division. The site inspection report is inc'luded as Appendix 3 of
this report. I'lames of Thiokol representatives contacted during the
Site Inspection are found in Appendix 4.
II. SITE DESCRIPTION
The Ihiokol facility outside of Brigham City, Utah, is responsi-
ble for 'uhe research, developnent and rnanuf acture of solid rocket pro-
pellants. The faci'lity enconpasses nearly 20,000 acres'loca'ued 25
mi'les northr*est of Brigham City (Figures l and 2). Tire pr'operty'is
primari1y bounded by range Iands.
Ihiokol opened this facility in 1957 after purcitasing the land
f rom two ranchers. In 1962, ihe Uni ted Sttstr.s Air Force (US$) estab-
'lished Plant 78, near'ly 500 acres of USAF property, at the north end
1
of ',.he Thio<o'l prcperty. The entire s'ite is oper:ated by Thiokol and
'uhey are respcns'ib'le f or the managehent and di sposal of was'.es gen-
erated by Pl ant 78. In 1982, Thiokol Corporation merged w'i'uh iicr'uon
Sal t i.o becone iior'uon Thioko'1, Inc. Thiokol /i,Jasatch Divi sion curren',-
1y enplcys 4700 pecple and is designed as a se'lf -coritained faci 1ity.
Tiriokol's l;asi,e scurces ste;r f rorn cons^uruction activities, ni.jrricipal
t3'pe v;:stes end v;;st,es fro'n pl ant uap€r3t j,tns re'lati ng io prcpel'l :nt
produc'uion. ihioko'l rnanuf ac'uured tire prcpe'l'lant f or the i.iinu'ue::'ran
inissi les and current'ly suppl ies propt-'l I ants for the Trident rnissi'les
and Space Shuttle booster rockets.
iianagement and safety officia'ls at Th't'oko'l notified EPA, as re-
qu'ired under Section 103(C) of CERCLA, in June 1981, of inactive po-
tenti a1'ly hazardous waste sites 'loca'ued on faci'lity property. Their
noti fication d'id not identify any specific sites. At a preinspection
d'iscussion rvith Thiokc'l representatives, they specifically ident'ified
14 s'ites which might be of concern to EPA under CERCLA. Interviews
conducted by Thiokol personnel with veteran managers and opera^uors
fami'l'iar w'ith past disposal practices of the company led to the dispo-
sa1 site'list presented t,o EPA and FIT teirn representatives. tlo for-
mal waste records or manifests were kept prior to the enacir,ent of
RCRA. 0n-site rvastes of greatest concern inc'tude: propellants,
acids, solvents, oxidizers, d riot contro'l agent and prope'l'lant con-
taninated non-hazardous materi als. The fo'l lowing sections detai I
those inactive disposa'l sites identified by Thiokol. (Refer to Figure
2 f or s'ite 'locations.)
A. Evaporation Pond. This pond r.ras used from 1962 until 1954
for the sporadic disposal of small quantities of hydrofluoric acid
(HF). Ihis ac'id was used to dissolve arroniun perchlorate and h;,,tJra-
zine, producing hydrazinium perchloraie (H??, an oxidizer ut'i'lized
in 'uhe produc'uion of propell ants) and spent HF. This process is no
'longer used due to the unstab'le nature of HP2. The spent HF was
placed into an unlined pond, estima'ued by Thiokol officia'ls to have
been 10'x10'x4'. This site has since been built upon (19S2):
bui lding 14-174 and the .adjacent parking lot now tota'l'ly cover t,he
site. See Appendix 1, Photo 1.
B. Landf i'l'1. A'lthough Thiokol considered
"iris
a nci-!razardous
'land'i'i 11, they notif ied EPA under CE?CLA because uaste dispcsel acti,;-
ivities csnducted there are not completely knonn. l(nor.rn,,,:s',es in-
c'lude construct'ion debris, two 14inutenan cases ccntain'ing iriert maier-
i a'l and chunks of aspltalt. Two empty f ive gal lon cans of f 'loor f inish
r,,ere f ound on-site. The site is sti ll used f or non-hazardLlus !,,aste
d i spcs a'l purposes.. See Append i x 1 , 2hoto 2.
C. Burning Grounds. Oue to the dangerous nature of propell ants,
test and off-specification propellants, solvants, rags and other ;;ra-
'ueria'ls contaminated with propel'lants wer'e burned. This r.ethod of
di sposal is st'i 'll considered the most ef fecti ve means of handl'ing pro-
pe11ants. Ihe burn jng grounds cons'isted of un'l'ined, V-shaped tr^enches
into which the v'isccus, mud-'like prope'l'lant itas spread, ignited and
a'l'lowed to compleiely burn. Any residue was reburned and the area
Tashed. Thioko'l officials indicrLed',hat burning at th'is 'location r.;es
sporadic and only 'lasted a short tirne, i959 through 1961, ai v;hich
time the site was c'losed. The site has since been graded and covered
with gravel. See Appendix 1, Photo 3.
D. Perch'loric Acid Sump. The perchloric acid sunp, adjacent to
bui lding H-34, was used on I one-time basis
"o
ho'ld neutral'ized acid.
Perchloric acid was used in the HP2 production process in bujlding
i,'l-34. In 1967, d 4,000 gallon spi Il occurred next to the bui 1ding.
The acid was neutral i zed with I ime and pl aced into the sump area. i\io
vegetation was'grorving in the runoff area while only sparse vegetation
nas growing in the sump area at the tirne of 'uhis sit,e inspect'ion.
See Appendix 1, Photo 4.
E. HPz Storage Area. H?2, hydrazinium perchlorate, an oxi-
dizer, was orginia1ly used by Thioko'l in the production of propel-
lants. The unstable nature of HP2 required Thiokol to abendon the
use of this compound. HP2 was stored in smal'l metal canisters each
of which was placed within a second, heavily construc'ued meta'l con-
tainer and buried f'lush nith the ground surface. For safety reasons,
storage areas were srnall rvith contairiers wel'l spaced.
1
This particu'lar storege site was c'losed in i967 and cc':.p'lete'ly
c'leantd in i980. The storage area vras cleaned by rerno,ring the inner
canis"er:s ccrtta'ining ii?2 and burning them; ihe canis"ers 'uhE',iselves
of tcn burri:d i n the process . Res i dues r';ere burned and the area
v;ashed. Th i s s i te, ncw a srnal 'l arms target range, has been graded
and trenches pl aceC around 'uhree sides f or runoff coniro'1. i;o signs
of ihe forner storage area a''e visib1e. See Appendix 1,. Pho'uo 5.
F. Dun'rp Site. This area was uti I i zed in the i960s f or the
disposal of construction-type debris, but no records exist to iden'uify
specific constituents of the dump site. The area has been gr'aded and
sagcbrush and other range'regetation now cover'uhe si'ue. A runoff
d'ivergence irench is upgradient f rom the I andf i l'l . An emoty drum
laSe'lled aluriinuin pov;der nas found rust'ing in the miCd'le of the site.
See Lppendix 1, Photo 6.
G. -[p:-!Efgg-e Area. (See E for a general account.) As i;ith
Sit,e E, this storage area was c'losed in 1967 and c'leaned in i980.
Approximately 20 outer containers sti'l'l rE;rain buried in an area
rneasuring 50' x 25'. Sagebrush and other vegetation grow bei,xeen the
containers. The site is bounded on two sides by soi'l which shor*s
si-ons of erosion. The other two sides are bounded by a road. Inside
the road, downgradient from the site,'lies a water-fi'l'led trench which
flons under 'uhe road and discharges on the opposite side. See
Lppendix 1, Photos 7 and 8.
H. Burning Grounds, (See C for a general account.) This area
r,,as used unt'i 'l 1954 to burn propel I ants and propel I ant-contarni na'ued
so'lvents and rags. These ite;ns were burned dai'ly but tota'l quanti ties
renained sma'|1. The specif ic burning ground was di f f icult to 'locate.
because the area had been graded and revegetated. See Appendix 1,
Photo 9.
I. Landfill. (See B for a general account.) This landfill v.'as
c'losed in 1973; no visible signs of it currently exist. See Append'ix
1, Photos 10 and 11.
J. Landf i1'l f or burned out po'llr,er and oxidi zer drur,,s.
containing po1;mers and oxid'izers were burned and port'ions of
u.:ccnsuned dru:ns v;ere buried at this 'iandf i'l'l . Thioko'l also
"i':iEh risk" prope'llant canis'uers (propellant packed canisters
ccnforming or performing as expec'ued) by p'lant'ing'uhern in the
and ignit'ing them. The site r.;as c'losed in 1973 and the a;'ea
grzCed and revegetated. The larrdfi'll area is generally
undis'uinguishab'le except for sone scaiter'eC and deco:r,posed trash on
ihe surface and a conica] trash pit. The pii is 3 feet deep and 12
feet lvide at the surface. An active propellant burning area is
aC jacent to the 'landf i'll . See Appendi x 1, Photos 12 and 13.
K. Burn i ng Grounds . ( Se
oper at,ed for a sh ort per i od be
of test and off-speci fi c ati on
has been graded and reclaimed
Fhoto 14.
L. HP^ Storage Area. (See E for" a cenera'l account . ) The sl te
was utilized unti'l L977 at which time 'uhe area was c'leaned and the
'tli-224 premix facility was constructed on top of the site. See
Lppendix 1, Photo 15.
M. CS Contai ner l,lash Si'ue. The wash si'ue was uti'li zed for the
purpcse of containing rinse so'lutions from 30 "Econ-0-Bins" contani-
nated wf th residua'l CS (ortho-chlorobenzy]nalononi'uri'le) in 1977. The
ni f itary characteri zes CS as being a highly irri tatin-0, non-toxic
agent ( i.ii I i tary Cherni stry and Chemical Compounds , Departrnent of the
Lrmy,October 1975, AFR 355-7). CS is used by the military in the'ir
training and riot con'urol programs. The physiological effect,s of CS
include extreme burning of the eyes acconpanied by copious f'low of
tears, couglting, difficu'lty in breaihir'ig, stinging sensation of rnoist
skin and dizziness.
Dr uiiS
but't',ed
not
gr0und
l'"aS
e C for general account.) This site
tvreen I95? and 1964. Small quaniities
propellants vrere burned here. Tirjs area
by naiive vegetaion. See Appendix 1,
1
.Tlre "Econ-0-3i ns" , 74 cubic feet each, v;ere rinsed jn
peroxide so'lu'u'ion. Thiokol officials esiimated tha'u rinse
l-,cun'ued to 10-20 gal lons per bin. Approxirnately 300 - 500
con'ua;iniied rinse 'r;a'uer vras s'lit-'urencheC and covered with
nr'€d i s f enced and posted to r,;arn of a potenti al hazard.
dix 1, Fhoto 15.
a i'i a'r er /
solu'Lions
g al I cns cf
d i rt. Tr,e
See li:p€o-
N. HF Evaportion Fohd. (See A for a general account.) Site N
iras on a HP2 production sca'le f ac'i'li'uy active betrreen i953 ana ig65
and finaf iy c'losed in 1.967. Spent HF f 'lovred frc:ir the piant via a con-
crete trough, lined with "lime-rock", (used in ihe'initia'l neutra'liza-
tion treainent process) to a 'ur^eatrnent pit a'lso containing 'lime-rock.
This p'it, 15 feet square and 5 feet deep is un'lined and the lower part
is stained orange. Frorn this p'it the so1uiion was then transported t-o
a larger, 100' x 100' x 4 feet deep limes+"one and bentonite-'lined
pond, adjacent to the pit, to cornplete ihe neu'.ra'liza'uion process.
The pond has been used spcra,Jica11y and infrequently since 'uhe
c'losure of ihe facility for d'isposal of industrial H2504 and boi'l-
er wash-down so1utions. One foot of water s'ucod in the pond at the
time of the si'ue inspection. One enpty drum labelled 1,1,1,-trich'lor-
oethane was found in the pond. Thiokol officia'ls indicated that the
drum had not been there the previous day. See Appendix l,.Photos 17,
18 and 19.
I I I. RECOi.iI'iENDATIONS
A. General Considerations
In eva'luating Thiokol's CERCLA sites, several general factors are
found in cornnon. These factors inc1ude-: security, period and dura-
'uion of operation, contaminant pathvlays--air, soi 1, surf ace and
grounduaters.
Due to the nature of their research, testing and raanufacturing
pr'ocesses, Thiokol purcirased a I arge tract of I and '.rel'l re;:oved f ron
large population centers. 3ecause Thiokol is a1so involved in the
production of mi litary rnaterials, 'uhey installed and uti lize an eIa5c-
ra'ue securi'uy systen. Several separate security areas exist, each
bcunded by high fences with t,hree s'urand barbed n,ire and each a,'ea
naintains con'urolled entry atd
contro I I ed and s i tes secure and
pcpul at i on , h az ards encountered
exit oai,es . ',iiih access r'igidly
located from tlre ncn-r,,,il'ller
direct cciiact Br'€ ;nini;nal .
iiost of the CERCLA sites at Thioko'l i';ere c'losed in the rn'id i950s.
Although difficult to quantify the anounts of materia1 disposed of at
any part'icu'lar site, records indicate that a si ie i;ou'ld be used f or
severa'l years, then be c'iosed. This sugges'us that 'lirniied qua:i'ui',ies
of naste would be present at a site especially v;hen consid:ring the
lower leve'ls of activity at Ihiokol during the 1950s cori,pared io to-
day. A majority of sites have now been inactive for 15 io 20 years.
The short duration of disposal activities and the lengt,hy period of
inactivity at most of the disposal si'ues suggests that the impact from
contaminants has been reduced through disperse:::ent and ciren'ica'1, phy-
sica'l and biological degradation.
Conta,rinaijon of 'uhe CERCLA sites may affect one or al'l of the
rnedia pathways: air, soil, surface and ground wa'uers. 1) Air has
been variously affected at some time by disposal activi'uies at
ihioko'l . Air po1'lution prirnari ly resul ted f rom the burni ng gf propel -
'lants. Thioko'l has obtained a vari ance from State air pol lut'ion con-
tro't regul ations which permits the burning of prope'l'lants. This
rnethod is currently considered the most effective means for handling
test and off-specif ication propel'lants. Air po'l'lution probiems re'lat-
ed to CERCLA activities is small. Ninety-five percent of al1 burning
activities have been conducted since 1980. 2) Soi'l at sone sites is
considered contaminated by one of a number of compounds, ie., HF,
H?2, CS, so'lvents and residua'l propel'lant. The hazards and'impact
of these various suLstances differ and reconniendations concern'ing such
problems have been discussed according to i,he site. (See Site Reccm-
menda'uions, iIIB, be'low.) 3) Blue Creek, an in'uermittent strean run-
ning along the western edge of the Thiokol property, r:epresents tire
on'ly major, perrnanent surface water drainage in the area. Topurgraphi-
cal ly, the Thi oko'l property is gently ro1 1 ing in t,he nest and south-
east and becomes rni 1d1y mouniai nous f urtlrer to the north. ';hi le con-
sidered se;ni-arid, Thiokol receives an average of 14 inches of rain
annually; a potentially high runoff factor exists during severe s'uorms
remote'l y
through
\
i n sieeper are as . Hor';ever , the CERCLA si 'ues are 'loc ated at l e ast
2,5C0 feet from'uhe creek and some sites are protec',ed by'*ater diver-
gence 'urencires . Ir,p act f rorn si tes now 15 to 20 years ol d i s 'i i'ii ted.
4) The ground'*;ater situation at Thiokol is ir:ore co'rip'l'icaied. Stud'ies
conducted on Thiokol property have resul'ued in the drilling of nuner-
ous soil test bore ho'les. To date, a1'l test ho'les reaching grc';nd-
ita'uer have fcund ihe water to be sa'line and unfit for human consufip-
t,'ion. Depth to groundwater varies acccrd'ing to the locat'ion of 'uhe
test holes. A'stuCy by Rol'lins, Bror,,n and Gunnell, Inc. (iiazarCous
iiaste Disposal Siudy, Septenber i982) of ihe I'il36 area 'located on the
west-central side of the Thiokol property,1500 feet from E'lue Creek,
encountered groundiiater ai 55 feet. A.nother Thioko'l siudy conducted
in 1962 indicates that the upper, sa'l'ine groundvrater is consi derably
deeper, ranging from 150'uo 400 feet deep. tsased on these studies and
the conclusion that a fresh water aquifer wou'ld be considerab'ly deep-
€r, Thioko'l decided to import theilrrater fron two ranches 8 to 10
mi'les frorn the f ac'i1ity. Sma'l'l quanti ties of water are a'lso avai'lab'le
from several springs'located in the upper reaches of so,ne canj/ons on
Thiokol property. -
Any hazardous substance reaching the groundwater cou'ld potential-
1y move towards Blue Creek, a source of irriga'uion water. The grounC-
r.rater i'uself is not used as a water supply source. It is expec'"ed,
however, that due to the smal'l quantities of wastes disposed and the
high evaporation to precipitation ratio experienced in ihe are'a, that
^uhe impact to the groundwater from the CERLA sites vrould be smal1 and
hence the danger to B'lue Creek minimal.
B. Si te Reconmend ati ons
f ..r l ir.a. t,ffisions concerning t,heTo
Thiokol, s'i tes have been grouped by their cornnon
landfills, burning grounds, nPZ storage areds, CS
t,re at,ment are as .
14 disposal sit,es at
disposal activity:
vrash site and acid 1
Landfil'l s.
landfills (See
ous: FIT found
Thiokol l'epresentatives corriend that all tneir
Site Descriptions B, F, I and J.) are non-hazet'd-
no evidence to the contr'dry. Tlro of t,he three
s'i tes have been gratjed and reveget at€d, 'uhe other si te i s
us ed for the d i s pos al of non-hazardous vJaste. ilo furtirer 0n
is yrarranted at these sites.
Burning Grounds. Three burning grounds (See Site Oescrip-
i'ions C, H and K. ) h,ere variously used in the early 1960s. A11
'uhree si'ues have been c'losed since 1964. The visqous consistency
of propel'lant minimi zed the abi'l'ity of the substance to rapidly
penetrate surf ace soi'ls. In cornb'ina'uion vrith the high burning
efficiency of propel'lants, only small anounts of prcpellant resi-
due would be left behind. These three sites received only a
fraction of the total quantities of propel'lant burned io date.
Other than prope'l'lant, contamination may have resu'lied from the
solvents burned along with the propel'lant. Un'like the propellant,
these cou'ld have been readily absorbed into the soi'1. ['lo Cata or
records conf irm cl a'ims by Thioko'l representa'uives 'uhat only snal'!
quantities of so'lvents were disposed. Ho*ever, based on
discussions present,ed in III A,General Considerations, it is
reconmended at this time that only v,prning si-ons be posted to
i nf orm employees and constructi on personnel of 'uhe potent'i al
hazards exisiting in the burning ground areas. Current
information and observations do not warrant ihe need for any
further investi gations.
HPz Storage Areas. Sites E, G and L (See Site Descrip-
tions.) represent Thioko'l 's HP2 storage areas. A'll three sites
have been c'leaned, i€., the HP2 has been removed, burned and
the inner canister disposed. Tvro of the areas have been graded
and further developed. The FIT questions thd method selec'ued to
dispose of the HP2, but current information and observatiorrs do
not suggest obvious pathway contamination. For safety purposes,
the FIT rJoes recornrnend that the outer containers stil'l in place
at Site G be removed and disposed of in the proper rnerlner.
1st i I
acii
CS '}{ ash S i te. CS
Site Descriptions M.)
by the mi I i t ary. It
7. -'. -'.tl c3oer
( o.iho-ch I orobe nzyl m a I onort i
is a highly irritating riot
is not consider'€d toxic, nor
tri Ie) , ( See
ag ent emp'l oyed
is it found on
the RCRA hazai'dous chernica'ls'list. A1'uhough the rnilitary recom-
n:ends inactjva'uing ihe compound by using v;aier with 5% sodium bi-
su'l.fi'ue fo'l'lor;ed by a rr'ater rinse, the procedure used by Th'ior.o'l ,
a peroxide/v;ater so'lution fol'lovred by a vrai,er rinse, vrculd seem
to irave effect,ive'ly hydrolyzed and inact'ivated the CS. The small
quantit'ies vrhich required'ureatment, the uiilizaion of an appro-
pri ate decontaininat'ion ^,echnique and l:he area a'lreaCy fenced and
pcsteC'leads the FIT to conc'lude t,hat no fur'uher investiga'uive
actions are necessary concerning ihis site. The FIT does suggest
'uhat tiie area rernain well posted and be enl arged to keep person-
ne I f .,r r',lier e'rlay f ro:n 'uhe s i te.
Ac'id Trea'ument Area. The acid treatment areas inc]ude two HF
evaporat'ion/treatment ponds (See Site Descript'ions A and N. ) and
the per'chloric acid sump area. (See Site Description E).
The evaporation pond described as Site A was used for a short
peri od of time and for 'l'imited quanti ties of spent i{F. Because
this area has already been graded and built upon and no problems
were encountered during the construction period, the FIT recom-
mends that no further action be undertaken at the site.
At the production scale evaporation pond, Site N, three
struciures v{ere iq contact with spent HF; the concrete 'urough,
the initia'l treairnent pit and the evaporation pond. After 15
years of weathering, the concrete trough represents a 'limited
hazard; however, certain precautions shou'ld be taken if Thiokol
decides to handle. ordisturb the trough. The initial irea'urr,ent
pit raises the most concern when considering the HF treatrnent
area. Tiris pit '..ras unl ined except f or I ime-rock. Line-rock prc-
vided the initial neutra'lization treatment of the spent HF. Con-
siderable quantities of HF uere'urea'ued at this site and it;nay
have arounted to signif icant acid'if ica'r.ion of 'uhe soi I and the
potential'leaching of soil meta'ls. A sa:rple v{as taken by
Thi oko'l i n August 1981 to i denti fy the reactivi ty arrd sal t
1
10
composition of 'uhe soi I residues in the suf;-,p (pond?).
report (353625) does no'u specify ihe exact'locat'ion of
The 5s;rp1e
t,he s arp'i e
( i e. the pi t ) or from vrhat depth the sa,np 1€ riES taken . See
Appendi x 5 f or 'uest resu'lts . F IT recomnends ihe pcs'ui ng of
luarrring signs around the p'it unti'l further inforrnaticn can be
provided documenting that such a hazard is non-exjstent.
Sampling may be l.rarranted to determine the extent, 'if Efly, of 'uhe
acid problem. The evaporation pond seened intact End the jnner
lirnestone lining appears to have prov'ided e'rjeouate neu'uralizaiion
of the acid. The outer bentonite lay?r 'rrJu'ld prevent any eppre-
ci ab1e seepage from the pond. iio f ur'uher acti on i s recornnended
concerning the evaporaiion pond.
Based on observations of the general safety protocols insti-
tuted by Thiokol, the FIT believes that the empty drum of tri-
ch'loroethane found in the pond v;as not a resu'lt of durping.
Thioko'l should investigate their storage faci'lit'ies and proced-
ures to account ior
"his
event and to undertake measures io pre-
vent its reoccurrence. Also, Thiokol officia'ls indicated that
other was'ues have been disposed of iri
"he
pcnd. Future Cisposal
activi ties must be strict'ly non-hazardous in na'uure or Thiokol
should apply for a RCRA permit.
The perch'loric acid sump site (See Si'.e Description D. ) rep-
resents a one-tim€, 4r000 gallon acid spi 1l which was neu'ura'lized
with Iime. Perchloric acid is a very strong acid and oxidiz'ing
agent. Both the acids and its salts tend to be unreac'u'ive at
room tenpera'uure but react vigorously and even violently vrhen hot
and concentrated. Perchloric acid may react explos'ively with or-
ganic matter. Neutralization, time and weathering have attribut-
ed to the reduction of potential hazards associated with the
spiII. No problems have been reported concerning the ac'id sunp.
Oue to the nature of perchloric acid hov;ever, the FIT recomrr,ends
further investigation of the sunp area to identify hazards which
may stil1 exist from perchloric acid conta:nination. For now, the
FIT suggest that the surnp area be fenced and urarning signs
posted.
o
11
i'. A H U F A C T U 3 I !'T G
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ADFJ. IIIISTEA''J
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DEVELOPI.,IEt T A 3 EA
TEST AREA
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F IGURE ?
TH IOKOL BLLJEPR I NT
S ITE LOCAT IOIIS
LiCtI,iD
EYAPO?,ITT ] ON POI,ID
LAIIDF ILL
C -U R;I I IiG G.?OU I:D
D F'IiCi..iLORIC ACID SUIiP
E n? t STORAGE S ITEF DU|TIP SITE
G V,PO STCP'AGE SITE
H eu5.:t i iiG GRCUi'ID
I LiiiIDFILL
J LTiiiDFILL (?ut'ited eut F,olyilier
K 3uRii ri'.G G?Eiliroxi
dizer 'drurns
)
L i-iP,, SToP.AGE AREAI,1 CSlCOI(TAIITER I,IASH SITEN EVAPORAT i CN POND
t
APP ET'iD I X 1
PHOTO LOG
Sites and bui'ldings referenced to in the Photo Log can be found
on the Thiokol B'lueprint (Figure 2).
o
Photog ra ph 1
EVAPORAT ION POIID
Y'ieyr of the parking 1ot coverjng the HF evaporation pond.
Bui'lding 1.1-174 casts a shador.t visib'le on the right cen'ura'l
edge of the photo.
EPA S I TDD P.8-C3O 4-!2
Thiokol Si ie A
Thiokol ID - 7a799-!7
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Photograph 2
EPA S I TDD R8-8304 -T?
Thi okol Si te B
Thiokol ID - 75799-15
LAI;DF I LL
Landfill (Site B) looking northwest over the site. Asphalt
pi'le vras a recent addition to the landfill.
\
o
o Photog ra ph 3
BURi,iIIIG GROUI{D
Graded suface of Site C, the burning grourids, as vier+ed fromits sc,utlrern side.
1
EPA S I TDD P.8.8304 -L2
Thi okol Si te C
Thi okol ID - 75799-I?
ro Phoiograph 4
PERCHLORIC ACID SUI4P
Vie'l of the perch'loric acid sump (center of photograph) and
bui'lding l'l-34. Runoff area leading to the surnp is in the
foreground.
EPA S I TDD N8-830 4.L2
Thiokol Sit,e D
Thiokol ID - 75799-5
III
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HP 2 STORAGE AREA
Graded surface of the HP^ storaoe/.-
used as a Srrrdll arms target range.
border the range on three sides.
Phctog ra ph 5
area. Si te i s currenily
i{ater di vet'cence irenches
EPA SI TDD R8-8304-L?
Thiokol Site E
Thiokol ID - 75799-6
Photograph 5
DUI4P S ITE
The dunp site has been partiall,v graded (left side ) and
a portion has been naturally reclaimed by range vegetation.
The barrel found at the site was empty and'labeled aluminum
por.lder.
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EPA S I TDD R8-8301 -T?
Thiokol Site F
Thio[<ol ID - 75799-7
\
Photograph 7
HP2 SToRAGE AREA
llorih facing vierv of the only HP, s'uorage area s'u'i'l'l having containers
in the ground. A srna'll r.rater-fil'!ed ditch borders the rrest and south
sides of the site, just inside the road. A FIT nner:ber is testing the
air above a container (indicated by the lid) with an Hl'lU.
o
1
EPA S I TDD RA-8304 -L2
Thi okol Si te G
Thiokol ID - 75799-8
(
O Pho'.0 g ra ph I
r,P2 SToRAGE eoNTAINER
0uter storege containers for HP, are shorm. This phctograph
also iilus'urates the spacing of the containers.. (Con'uainers
are visib'le in each of the upper corners of the picture).
EPA S I TDD R8-8304 -L2
Thi okol Si te G
ThiokoJ ID r 75799-9
t - ri-.' ..!
o Photoera ph 9
BURN II'IG GROUI{DS
This eastvrard view of the burning -orounds shovrs that the
area has been rec'lain:ed by range vegetatio!. Building M-141
is shor.rn at left. -
1
EPA S I TDD R8-8304 -T2
Thi okol Si te H
Thiokol ID - 75799-14o
LAi,iDF iLL AP.EA
This southeast facing vievr of Site I, the
a fi rebreak in the foreground and a gravel
the 'l eft central po rti on of the photog raph
tl'ash, are visible at the site. Sites l{,
N, the HF evaporation pond, are visible in
Photcg raoh i0
'l ar,dfill area, shous
'l and -use area f n
a-. l{o -sigfis, such as
the CS vra sh s i t,e , and
the background.
E PA S I TDD R8-8304 -L?
Thiokol Si te I
Thi okol ID - 757 39- 19
Phct,oc ra oh 1 l,
LAIIDFILL AREA
Shcr,;n is the gravei iand use area visib'le in Photograph 10, as
facing east';rard. Signs of errosion are evicient.
-
n-
EPA SI TDD R8-6304-L2
Thiokol Site I
Thiokol ID - 75799-2I
i
Th i s photoEraph
cover' over the 'l
d rums .
LAiiDFILL
shovrs the existing
andfi'l 1 for burned
Pho toc rRDh l?
st.atus of the ground-
out po1 yr.er and oxi di zer
.J-
EPA S I TDD P.8-830 4-I?
Thiokol Si'ue J
Thiokol ID - 75799-??
o Phc,'-ograph 13
LAI{DF I LL
A burned out prope'l'lant container is shcr'rn in the foreground
r.;hi'le a conica'l pit r.rith debris is visib'le in the rniddle of
this photograph depicting ihe 'landfi'll for Hrndd out polymer
and oxidizer drums. An active burning ground, the fenced area,
is seen in the backoround.
EPA SI TED Rg-83C4-10
Thiokol Site J
Thiokol ID - 757?9-?3
This vi
burning
burning
evJ, facing
grounds.
ground as
Photograoh L4
BURN I IiG GROUND
northeaSt, shorvs the at'ea of 'uhe Site K
The dotted 'l ines sfgnify tlre bcundaries of the ;
indicat,ed by Thiokol offl cia'l s.
EPA S I
Th'i okol
Thi okol
TDD Rg-9304 -I2
Sit,e K
ID - 75793-2
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as an HPZ
HP^ STOP.AGE AREAt
prerni x faci 1 i 'uy novl covers
storage area.
the sit,e once
--
Cesi gnated
EPA S I TDD Rg-830 4-L2
Thi okol S i te L
Thfokol ID O 75799-1
Phor.ograrh 15
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Photcgraph 16
CS CCNTAIIIER I.IASH SITE
This photograph, facing eastward, shoi.rs the CS r.rash site and jts-
O fenced perimeter. The si-on sta'ues, "Buried CS Agent, Do liot
Dig Here. Septernber 1977 Contact Safet.v.-r Cait1e are
excluded from the area by a second fence seen running diagonally
across the picture.
1
EPA S I TDD R8-8304 -L?
Thiokol Site M
Thiokol ID - 75799-15
, -J .? --,-? - ..''r'.'.
-; i',r.jt ::i1 f:.....;1 t:i?:; jrl-it'
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Photograph 17
HF EVAPORATION POND
CONCRETE TRENCH
This concre'ue trench carried spent HF frorn bui'lding l'1-227
(foreground) to the treatrnent pit 'located rt the end of the
trench. Thiokol's Don Taylor, Tom Christensen and .lohn Coffin,
along with FiT members Pat Ianni and Stephen Childs, are seen at
ri ght.
EPA S I TDD R8-E3C 4-I2
Thiokol Site N
Tlri okol ID - 757 99- 10
1
o Plrotograph i8
HF EVAPORATIOI,I POND
TREATIiENT PIT
Shor+n is the treatrent pit for the spent HF. The pit is1ined
yri'uh "Lime-rock. " An arrcw indicates t.;here the 'r.rench (see
previous photcgraph) enters the pit.
EPA S I iOO P.g-9304- 10
Thioko'l Si'ue N
Th i ohol ID - 757 99- 13
1
PhO"ggt'cih 19
HF EYAPORA.TION POIID
This nor"heast facing photograph shor+s the HF evaporation
pcnd. The treaiment oit is located in:rediately off to ihe right.
i.n er:pty 1,1,1 trich'loroethane drurn vras found in'.iie southern
corner of 'uhe pond (tne to'wer right hand corner of ihe pond as
seen in this picture).
1
EPA S I TDD RE-8304- 10
Thiakol Site N
Thickol ID - 75799-!?
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APPEiiDIX 2
PRE L ii'i i |{AR,Y ASSESS:,iIi{T
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APPEIiD I X 2
9,:E \Uv=:i tto Eo roo.::"cC !). ltq)
l;:) - )i! -c??
G.CT
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PCT E}iTiAL :.I/.ZAR DCUS TiASTE SITE
ID;li t'fFiC,,.TiOi{ /.1'D PR =l-li,t!iiARY ASSESS;*E}iT
G.
i r- iie i::qf?jc:;cns.
a =O a ltisr:.Jcr.i;-l s: C'-::;'.c'.eS:- i:io::s I e.n,J ill fL::':;h x
-!. .:1...: i'--:,!). i-ile il'.is f;=: ii '.hr-' i.:Uiin.l ii;.:tgtdcus "";.'sl,e !-,':g
SITE i)E,i:TIFICATIOH
for s:ie ins-,:3i-lsa. The !nfc=itjon
a s a ;esult cf a i:::i cnal i:::...:::i es
'.:.'ai're si:e to i:e!p Sc.! 7:ic:iti':gbe uida'.ed en gubsc.c.ur--ii !c:-.s
Lef::e S,:c:ic,: l\ (Prs!i--i-:ry
U. S. Enr' : z-,=.e:.: al P:':tr: c'.i sn
S'*';'*'asl-.=5on, f,C ::.io0.
a s c.::'.;.1r,.!r..!y a s :' :s sible
F!ie and:u!-=it a e:?i'to:
Fcr,:e (,:.'t'.-i 35); {Iil :,: St.,1..:14.: C C ::: t'l'. tt.
It-
i.
?,4302
'uch "-i
2. TELEPI. C\ E }JUIJ3 EFt
8C1-t63-e1e5S ] CN
,lr. F::EiAL [:z.srATE []1. couNrY f]c. ].iu?;rc;FAL fs. FRtvATE Is. Ut.'{t'.ofiN
s := l=g.cetFTlcN
i D)'cnellant research Cet'e'l ci'iTent and rianufacturi no
i PA
K. gATE i3=!l"lFi=O
(;,o., Cay,, lt )'t,)
3 ,-lan i 3E1
:.'.r:.r',s Dalg Pal-1.€F -
Jin, Sali;'cn -
==COv.v.=TJDATION
- l. ric' i C?toN riegDE,D (no l.azard)
7 :. gr?E rlrstrEcrrcN N EEcEo
.. ?E}i7A? i,ELY SCHESULED FOFI:
I l':v 1e83
b. n,LL bE PENFCFTT.ED BY:
7 ? =-F A : =F IN FOF.qATION
t. l.ll4E
Ciri I Cs
Uiah
t-rtaii
Depai'ttert'r of
Dei:3r'i;'iient of
i'ieal th
l',ea I th
Z. T ELErrxO?.i E \ UVeEFt
01-5-13 -4i15
[-] z. ruvEDtATE strE txspEcrtoH NEEgED
.. TEN?AT'vELY 3Cl-EOULEO FOr:
b. i,ILL IE FETFgFMED IY:
[--'f r. strE tNspEcrtoN NEEDED (to*- griority)
II. F eELli/,ltiAp.y ASSESST/ EXT fc o=?Iefe i.1rs .sec tion last)
.i.rT sgi:iusri:ss 3F F=.c=Lel,l
rcH fz. lr=iruu [:. Low fa iroxE [-'is. uNK]{oYJti?
Fcn'l oov arid Ertvircnnent.Inc.
2. TELEPHCNE NUMIER
303 -757 -1984
3. CA?E (tno., day, & yr,)
10 i.iay 198 3
III. SITE INFOR.v.ATION
rirvE
[] cjer
-tcl::.-!rt--. - - i i eZ
g:7E S?A"US
: I . i C?lv Z (Those ir,s'u sttial ot
-::: i;ai citcr x l;ic.l .:re ba ini ue ed
:i :. a g: e t:e6!g?"nr, s !c;c,J G, ot di spoS!I
:. . ic.t::inuln5i Le6.is, c v?!r it infre-
'-'e-:ly,)
!S 5=iieFATCS,3N SITE?
Ir. No
i==l CF SITE (in cctoe)-e3':3::;',
A=.- ,rERE S-tl:-eltiGS CN
fl f. No I z. '/trs
,T'J z. TNACTTvE (Thoet
il:ce r;'frich no lctnger teceiuc
t'.ateer).
0'ulrer areas
acti ve
f]1. oTHgR (c2ccity):-
-.t(Thosc rircs t.ia, inclrude ruch
do tc:,ulor ot eoniinuinS ue e ot
iacidentc lihe ":i:, deiCht dr.=:p lnC" shGre
ihc e ilc lot rr'.rrc dia7oct I .let occu-ed,)
\
fI Z. YES (spc cily icactotot'E lout-CiSir SIC Codo):
D. I F APPARENT SERTOUSNESS CF StTE rS HtGH.
t . LA T ITUOe GeS.-tttifl.-tGGr)
11 40' 00"
SPECIFY COORDITJATES
i. LC x cl T u a e (dc Sro!l?in.-s€c.)
LL? ?s', 00'
THE SITE!
l.p.ciry,Adiiri n i strati on bui 1 di ngs
P r+ :+iJ+*t-,-eSexh -r<.re+elC;r= S-qe++@
Continue On.Reverse
C onl inued F ro:n F rcnl
-J:'.^':_e:
1..?F'-,cK
C. TREATER
l:. rldc:.jERA;roH
s. ./cL,_\,.E t Foue TtcH CFg'i cuL4P
it. tr E €YCLt:iClnECCVERY
3. CHE..r./P HYS. ?eEA",,rEfiT
Y.lJ. S ;F. FA c E rv= :Jl;=rr=r{T
e, 8'eLactc ^L TREA7.S/SNT r.lr. ir.c,..r EcATrc.. l:ul'tr t ng ;
A. TiA}{SFORTER
[V. CHERACTERIZATION OF SITE ACTIVITY
B. STORER
f l. FtL:EaTrox
itJ,i=OUr..C).rEXT
L., vreY.\--a
I. LI'.JDFILL
Lr{3Frcu
t-'j? E i cFou.j? tri;E c ?tcx
C - - E;i (r pcci!y):
s rc s.
burni ne !i'cunCs ( fcr',-eSi
, eYailol'aticn F,c,1ds (nr
!r FrLE
!:.:.-.rFACE
,
!r. 3iL..rg
_ l:. e'eErr?iE
l.e. o Tp e-; (si.,.c ily):
-)
l:. =r',r.. eE!-c/i Gl::a'-t
ii I,-. C = rrER (epcci{y):
Si,al1 cgtta'i ners
?criial ly but'jed
7. ?:A3"E OIL FEPROCE:gI\C
t. !DL"'.!-:t.lT *ESO./ERY _
?. QTr-.ER (cpeclly):
:. sFeclFy oErArLs cF slrE acrivi?!ES ^s NEEDED Th jOtlOl pfOdUCeS and tgst
CEPCLA site ra,v be ca'uegcrized as: la.ndfi'lis (non hazardcus),
ar cff-site i:ropeilants), oxjdizer storage areas (HP, stcrage)
'ieut,ral ization) & CS deccntanination area.
V. WASTE RELATED INFOFI{ATIOX
A. T'AS7E TYPE
[-lr. ur{KNoh'N fl2. Lreulo
ffieAc;eersrrcs
[] r. uriKxowN f,2. coP=cstvE
[7ll. SoLIO [r. sLUoGE lJs. GAs
[]s. HTGHLY voLArrgE
'Y'€. TOxIC fz. REAc?!vE
ffi:- lGr.lrAeLE
f s. rx ERT
f] c. R A oro AC?:vE
f]s. FLAHT.(ABLE
I ro. OT!{ER fspc c!ty):
C. hASTE CATEGCRIESl. /j! r"eord3 of $&rte3 eveilsblc? S;rsily ilcFa tuch aa h.ni!ctta, iavcato'lcr, alc. bGlo?.loeffir ot serrer avrrrsEraT :ir;rrY rrcrr rusn rr nru:crrrr rnvrnrcncrr erc. pcrcrr
2. Esi:=etc thc ar-ount(.<pecitr'unit of mcasurc)of wastG by category; metk 'X' tb-iedicetc which Eart.r
r. SLUDGE
IUOUN?
UNIT OF TTEASURE
prc s eet.
rile
(t, CTHER(rPcc!!7):
Prc.pel I ant
(ZI METALS
sLUOGEs
Jrgl orHEn(cPecity):
(zroTHEF.(sPecil;,):
t!l OTHE a(ogoclty):
Propel'l ant
contami nated
SoJ VCn tS
1
l
Pefi,e 3
d. cHEHICALS e . SCLIOS
'.
O?HERc. SOLVENTS
A MOUN T
Unknc\.,n
ArloU,{?
U n k noiin
Afi.e'tNT
UnknciJn
A hr€lUN ?
J n k i'r ct'J l'l
A MOUN T
UNIT CF UEASUE.EuNr? oF reerguaE uNlr gr vEasuRE UNIT CF }IEA!UREt rNr r. -oF iE a -Gui E
iTI FLY SH ... LagSta?ctYrrlFH e\r^cEu?.tD OILYWASTEI
(TIHTLOCENA?ED
SOLYENTT (t, A ctct(T' PAINT.
FIGMEN?S
(2TNON.HALOGH?D
gOLVENTS
(2' PTCKLINC
L tc uo fi3 12l AsrErTOt f2)HoSpt?aL
(tls.eetoacTtYEt!, cAUSTtC3 tltrrtLLtxcl
MIN E TEILI\ g3(t, PO"w
(.t PEsTrcroES .^. FETROUsi''gMLTG. wAt?Es I.I|.UN'CIFAL'l, l sLUvtNUUgLU06E
(3rov=sltHK3 r.r NQtJ.f ERFCUSL{L T G. }I'A3 ? ES
I6' CYANIDI
(c, oTHE e(e?Ge!ty):
Consti'ucti on
re I ated
)en zylna I OrrC 11 i
17t ? HENOL'
ItI HALOgEN'
(01 Pcl
(to;rr€TaLt
(rtrorHEe(ogtclly
CS o rthochl or
: PA Fo'nr 72070-2 (l C.79)PAGE 2 OF
'
7ffi;
C cn:inueC F:'c.= Pcge 2
V. t{ASTE REI_ATED tNFCRu.ATICN (conrr;ueC)
C3r.C3 =r li lH lrAY == cH 7HE siTE tpilrcc tn cer:er.€:r:3
tri'l g
Pa'chlor^Ate)
cxidizer (XP")
l'obenzyI i-'aI cficrri
l.:=
ant-Ll9
(
?.,
l'l a,llrJ
SSii
Pr'oFel I
Qill:l!
-.--a a F - A a. , I.a. i-- ': -r-r-L
3ecause
EI
POTEN.
A.TYPEOFPAZAFIO I TIIUHA=EED(mark 'X'
l.'Jo HAzAFo
c.ALLEGEOl'ictoENT
(etark'X')
Z. pr.e")/aN HEALTH
i l.CN.vrCFxER-' rxJUat/ExFCsuaE
4. Y'ERKER INJUFIY not rel ated to di scosal acti vi t,i es
. CgN?A},:NATlON-. CF fiA7 ER SUFILY
. ecNTA14'!r.iAT'cNv' oF Foco cxe:x
- ccNTAlrr{A?loN I .,7';Ft'jC'"Nolra;EFt I X I'learest groundt.;ater zone 'i s ori rry
lo. Fisl{ KILL
UU|-lllng OT prOpellanIS anO COI'i-Larl"ln-
a ted soJ ventsr r coxTaMrNlTloNI r' cF AtR
12. rlO?ICEAILE CDOFIg
uy acr o
An:o u n ts
, L! ano so i vents
linited.t t. ccNTAMtNATteN OF 30tL
t.. FTOPEFITY DAMAGE
t 3. FIFIE OR EXPLOSION
4,000 gal'l ons pet'choric acid spi11ed,.. SPILLS/LEAKING qONTAi!':ENS/rB. RUN OF FlSTAtrrgrxG LteUrgg
r' sEwEFl. S"OFlL... OEAIN PFIOELEMS
TT. ENQSION PFCILE},S
t 9. tr\j3 0EcuA TE sEcuRt?Y
io. tricoMPATteLE nas?E3
3NTAMINA 7'ON
SURFACE WT?EFT
I.TGE TO
r L9f,AI FAUN
tr?ilGt{T DU}'1PlN C
clUr!a\Ts oe \AeRA?lvE c:sci:Pitolr cF srYUATlcri |<lioh{ cR REF3aTeS T3:r:rsT A7 ThE sl?E.
of i:azarCous nature of propel l ant, r.;as'ue nropei'lant-s are bur'ned.
\ry. HAZA?D DESCRIPTION
O. OATE O FtNCTDEXT
(aor rdaT'ryt.)5. REUA.EKS
G, areas nc\..,
Foteniial for runcff ccntani natjcn
reveoetated
r. PA F onn T2 C70.2 (l 0-79)PAGE 3 OF C ontinue On Rererse
lonlinued Froa Front
\'!1. PERr{tT tNi=CRpATiox
. :\l;:AyE ALL ApPLt3A 9LE ?Z?r.{!TS HgLD 6Y THg SrTE.
t. !rPOC_S ? =Ft'{lT
il:^:;.'l:"
:l r. yES
D z. sPcc PLex
E s. Loc rL PEFvrr
t] e. Frc=e ? iEATER
PE=HlT(^pec!ly):
TPAi.',SPORTER
CISFOSgR
Var''i enc€, ai t' ccriser?
6.
9.
S"ATE
F.Cne
E,-tr A
reeulaiiorrs
Ez.xo
PEI?EC7 TC ? e i;,-ti *: ! ca d n'.::nL.r):
UliKrrCrH
1.
=
A. ricrrE t] e. YEs L elow)
PECTIOH A.CTIYITY (=sst or ci-t oinQ
=
A. iioN E
I.TYPE OF ACT'YI?Y
l!
oJ2PCP,.A
tarcn Iy
14, 2! D
REIT.EDIAL ACTIVITY (p"st or on- ! oiat)
E e. YES (co=plcrc Itc=to 1,2,3, & l bclcv)
-
-
I. TYFE OF ^CTIVITY
rOTE: Based on the ir,fom,ation- in Sec'.ions trl through X, Iill out 'Jre Preliminary Assessraent (Section II)
infor:r,ation on the first page of this form.
E PA Fcrrn T2A7 0.2 (I 0-7?l PAGE 4 OF. 4
2 9rTE OFTAsT AC?ION(r-o., dav, L yt.)
t P EE FOTTEEC
tY:
( EP Al Sra ro)
.. cE3CRtPTTON
c. 1981
t. of Healt,
2. DATE OFFA3T ACTION
(e:o., day, & yt,)
!. PENFORMEO
tY:(EPA/St.t.)r. DE'CRIP?ION
ttt-
APPEI,IDIX 3
S ITE II'ISPECTICN
A.l,!D
SUPPLEI4ENTAL REPCRTS
.aD-
!L
' .3- EFf ;1 PoTEh . rAL H^zeRDoUs wAsTE strE\.-'r-,f i*t slrEiltspEcTlctinEpoRT
;
:."::l:i.AL l{STF.tlCTlOt{S: Cc:.;1..re Ses:r:::s t;,:..i ilt:}.::..:;h X!'of rhis fc:- as c.:i.:c:3iy
.!g. Se sr:e io i:.'!::,{r: sil :,?i -.1:!nte Su;;.lr: -lir! it;::t3 in :hc file. S.:L:.lt c cc;1' c{ ti.e
:.,ilLi;c:;cy; S.tc ?:-ci:i:'.g, S;.:.:<--; !i.:rr:C':r.. Er!ir F-:..iirc<-.qnt Tact Fo:cc (8.';.jj.5), .irt,_I-
l-_-__ I. slrE leE.,:riFlcArlc{
lFeG'3h
'8
801:.8,6ia?
UTI
lSl:E )iUv==R (lo 5J ...,3
I
.c tr Hq)'
| :--,C-fi31 -iJi,?
6t, 11 -'g
n il-.e ie
f.-.-s t
I !.'. St.,
c'1'r - .1 '.:qc '.!'e i-.!..!?E-a ' . s .,
i:'-i.ei ii^.':ti:,rS \i'a:te L:8
o: U.S. E:.,i.?'--r.\':'.:i: P;3-
S r; l.'.':, -.i:i: :':: n, DC ?ir! tr7,
i A. :!'ii r;el.g I L SIEEEi (o, otlte,ttl-I:r:,:lo'l _ lP.0.3ox__!_?4
Ei-dcr--
l-
l-. =
i =-=1 t-' \-- r -- '-"
- - l .Iil: vlrI I BrichamCjtv
fr__?..::F CC=E
el s02
I
' ''-' ";
l. c.''
2. "ELEF-3'aE
iJU'rESR
- -.. s?A?E - -s. zrF €33E
, ! t. FE=:iAL n 2. srArE In s. P=.iYATEE 3. cctri?Y E 4. MUNrctP AL
II. T ENTATIv E DISPOSITION (ccnplc'te r.lis -.eclion irsl):.ffi;;F;ffi]
::sFcsi;ioN (r'o,. ta!',t,ir.). I =
r. prGH l--'l z ueorun !! r. r-ow f] r. r.=xet-
F.'==;;'.;;m I z. teueero*=*-,.,==. I r. s^:e :=c..d.y,&,y,.)
III. INSPECTIOH INFORHATION
A. F--i\C:PAL l'.'SFECTge :ri FC ?vA?lCN
i r.r..,r= la.rrTLEi-sterjrer:--chr-Lds- L Pfoiegt Orfi.."
-I a. ercA\r:riroN I l. telS=+C\e ? O.(c... coCc
i Ecotoqy and Environrnent, Inc. | 303-757-1984
no.)
3. tliSFEC"!ON PA F.?tCIPANTS
l. Ni lrE 2. CPCANTZ ?lON t TgLEFhCTtE NO.
Pat Ianni Eco'l ogy and Envi t'onrneot, Inc.303 -7 57 -4984
S'uephen Chi I ds Ecology and Environmert, Inc.303 -7 57 -1984
i.ia rtha P,,os enberq Envi ronr.nental Protecti on A.gency 303-837 -2?2r
C. S i? E i
=
F =. =:Elj T A Tl V ES t N ? g qVi Ewg D (co.lototc otli cicll, :r'os&Grt, tc siCcnt c)
t. 'javE 2. TITLE 0 TELEPHOI.iE NO.3. a33FESs
Ron Tayl or
Sr. Engineer 801-853-Ea
Envi ronrnental Coqrdi nat r P .0. Box 524, Bri glrarn Ci ti/ , UT
Tcm Ch ri s tensen
Supervi sor, Process Eng,
8C1-863-8677 P.0. Box 524, Briqham City, UT
Lchn t.oosle
i.larrager, Safety Di v.
801 -A63- 8515 P .0. Box 524, Bri Sham C i iy , UT
G'o iicouivey
1i
iso 1- go 3- E469 P.0. Eox 5?4, Brigilan Ciiy, UT
I ;ohn Coffi n
i'lanager, Safety & Envi r
3r?- 621 - 5 27 5 110 N. l'lacker Dr., Chic=go, IL 6f506
[,*PhotooraE'her
pagE r oF ro On Be'.'itsc
C: n: tnued Frc;z Frcel
ul. IXSF ECTIeN INFORHATIOx fc cntinuedl
f_a,_j.=...::. Til tc =.': ".3{
/rl.-,..pr of ,. artc)
t. }jA\re I :. "ELEorrerS
\O.t. L --2 E Eg3 l. ,.as?E :'!/trE -5.-r-:'-r.trL-
Box 5?4. Br'icham Cit Irrcnrl I ant
=. a7 r.!;sPoeTEQ,HAUL Er lllFC=t,rA?tON
t. NAr.1E a... t S"E ?YPE ? t?.ir.S=C= - i:
l'lan i fested llaza )'c:,-,;
-j-&-s I-e--t.C,?A
lrl AOi i''l nl',in
F. IF frAS7E IS P3?C:SSED O.i SIiE AHO ALSC SHIPPED TO O?ilER SITES, I!:}iTIFY OEF.SITE FACILIT!ES USEO iOR EI:-POgAL.
E0 1-,3 5 3- t88 5io[:o'l
t.l,lAir.E 3. A D3F ESS
all c&ses,)
Z. TtrLEFHONE :JO.3. t--? F ESS
Z, "ELEPH9NE
NO.
3. R ESUL T32. LEC A 7IC N O F MEA SUE EME N T3
i 1d qr'I-An r rief ra'in anC ha'i l cual I. iV. SA,\TPLI.\G INFORMATION
T.3A}'FLE ?YFE
2. SA',fPLE
TA(EN(ntrk 'X'
G=EUNS ., TTER
SUTFACE WETEN
E. iYAS?E
C. atR
c. . UItOFF
1,. sPtLL
s. -3o:L
I:. VEGEiA?ION
l. oTHgf,(ep;erty)
e. Ft=LJ )a=ASU=gt,lEli?S TAKEIi l'e. t,, taciiorcrivlry, crplosit,ity, PH, cic.).
t. TYFE
t. SATEFLE S EN T 7O:
t.)lrE
=ESULTSAVA'!-A=LE
1
-J{u, oro. inorg vi A I .I
CERCL s ( see l'1:o ) I Ilo readi no above backorcund
x a d - nni n i i_(J:a-dj_afi all CERCLA sites see l'iao No readi nos above ba cko round
.---
-----
-.
-.
..-GG5-----r-ID-
I \'. S,r ., F L !,JrJ llr F 3R ;rAT;?l{l_ ______ -____i c. F-]"CS
'. T\tE aF V-? ?Og
G=C!\C b. tE='aL
:. "a9"3S tti CU3"33Y
Ecolcly and Snvi i-c nir,e n t,., E PA __
j.-:.'..iil.- s eC t)
ll
.T1T.;E
:,:UAE';T
40' c0
:.i:
LA
4T
Z. L3r.! 6 r T U 3 e- ( C e i.-:..rin.. rec.)
Ln 25', 00'
171:se si:*s i!,,at inclr:,'e !ugJl
rr'.f:r!c no tc itiar ot cc.nt jnuinS;
h;r-" ,rccuitcd, 1
'€?: c=renret
t'i es
no and stcrac
tf s. D=EP wELL
[l to. R=aYcL cei REcLr.ti/.=Ft
inc i dcnts
use o { :he
alroicctl o... . -. . . G a . a
!cr l'. as te
i:.:g i rr j"
d! :7o s al
E. 'S GI:.EF.ATC= C'; SITE?
:] l. No E 2. YgS(t?errl3'Seno;i;,,or's
ffiF-,..iffi,
total
20.,C30 acl^es
i.=tFaLrxE
_J 6. c r H EF (sFe c:!y'):
3. ;.FE THEEE SUIUSITJGS DX THE SITE?
P r-oDel I ant res earch . devel orir:ent . nanuf acturi
\:I. CHARACTERIZATION OF SITE ACTiVITY
the e??:opriate bsxes.
t. PtLE t. FIL?P ?ION
I a. t L:3. F a C E'r.qi gUtr3!.tEN?
3.;ii-i,ts 3. oFSx Dvtr.?
a. TA ?\iK. A EOvE GTCUNO .. = E C Y C L':1,' / F.ZC OvEFIY
IE^f--
I 3. STCq=R
E. SV7" L Ev,= )iT A:- i
=F r,- F.TS: 'l
shich S+;l e=ea3.l Fr:'re:'. s i'o'.:
m t. s?c,,-i,AGE E
s. crxEn(specity):
small, part'i a1ly
buri ed contai ners
r'ite laiis si'.!'jn rny of thc cet Giorics t:t:cd bcloB',
iillcC eut ead r:trched to th:s !ot..
EJ
i
I
-1 - CriErl'=aO!I I G'F:-:Ys ;F=AT!.1ElrT
2. t\crx;RATtON
f z. i-r{cFARM
E 3. LANtrFrLL
tf B. oPEN DUMP
r;1 . SURFACE
-5-J '' tupOUNfMENT
f] s. ?RANsPoRTER
}C,] z. soLto
VU. WASTE RELATED INFORP.ATION
E 3. sLuDGE E 4. 6As
EEED3I a.
X'] e.
IGNIT A tsLE
F EACTIVE
3. FiADICACTIVE
7. INERT
6. HIGHLY VOLATIL E
8. FLAU,V.ABLE
c. -,.F.3ATEFt D. !ISPOS=R
t.':-Ari3.FlLL
2. LA..JFAeM2. l..cll{EFATfON
3. YOLUT2.E =€Dr/CTION
X la.=u=.FAcE ,?t?Q,L';3r-rf NT
2.,t:3srGHT =u:..F'\G!. T Ar.K. eELe[i SROUNO l=. aHEM..'pi<V s.l'i REA rrrENT
c. tnig:xEFATTCN aalurn'l noC. eIOLOGIC AL TF.EATTJtEN T
7. f.^S"E OtL tE=FrOCggSrxG 7 .'-:i= E t G='2UND ;rrJE C T ION
g.soLv=ii" FEc0vEtY !.9"-EF(.cFectllt):
9. e ?H E A', rP:ciIy):
eyef,rblel Spcclly itcrar ruch .a nten:fcttl, int'entosics, Gtc. t'elor.
I i':o - availab'l e data ft'cm ersonal knovrl ed
PAGE 3 OF TO oniinue C;r e L'erse
I or;', nue d F roa F roat
\Jr. rASTE RELATED txFORyATICX rccnttnved)
2. Esli:-,. .ie .:.? :.=3'.::.:.. .! i..c:lv c:t:! ol *c}tute) ol a'is:e b!' ce'eEor!.. =rrl 'X' to i;Crca:e r.L.t:h u..s:?s
c.c-evl:ALs I .. s3_r3S
toe?-..? i/.r.tCJ..T
'l i mi ted
&s-rE Or t.lL SUEE urJrT €)F MS^SUPE CF vQ,tSU-E TJ?iI? CR }..EAsU=E
,AV3-r.'
I
I
I
-a
r'l crLY
l " z.'3s"Eg
:;g?xE,=(s?ccily):
F:-YASX
AS=trST03
,3IPC?W
r:,eTHge(specl!;;):
'3t OTxEF/sP"eilY):
Ircpel I ant
con tarni na t,ed
s o'l vents
.'' ;':ilil-:-]-J' :' ='::
.., r- =^i=G'-.! _?1.,S,- Tj i..,,.,t..G v, A!,T ES I X I
'-' r:ic v, Agr E's _ i X lr_
,s,,.gri-F' Ea=cus,XJ :3r c--E=
S..tLTC. r.aS"aS
i
',-*'-.ffiiropel I ani
Cons truct'i on
re I a t,ed
CS ( 300- 500 rl:al 'l ons )
orthochorobenzilnna'l on'ci tri I e
iUESTA|.CES OF C=EAi:S? CONCERT|rHICH AFIE ON TliE SITE (ir.c. ia desEcnCiaa crdc, t! htz.rd)
:?? 7i r-'., t'nt.
I t-"
.t, -ALOGE'ie?El- soLvr:x?3 ieittri cra're
(4-, QC? ..ga
2' L !e ti c ,. s
_. vClj.HAUO3!Yt3.t'soLYExTs
t7i p r-E?rOLS
til PC B
n3rME7AL3
t.suSs"AltcE
P r'O el I ant
Acid
Sol vents
Oxidizer
0 rthoch lo t:g!gr13Jl:ffioJTr:TTe
V[U. HAZAP.D O ESCRIP TION
S. AI".CUNT
2. FOFIM
(metk 'X')
3. TOxtCtTY
(:natk 'X')
6. CAS r{Ur.,.=EFl
C. V A
P Ofit H lGh I rriE O.
U n k nor,Jn
Unkncl{n
Limited
300- 500 I ga I
I.r.r!r?A N F, EaLTH XeZ ARCS
De ssribeFTELC =VALUATION HAZAFTO OESeRTPTTON: Placc en'x'ia thc bor to iecicate:hrt the l!stod hazerd
hztard ilr the s;acc pror.idcd.
IA.o
Con'tr rtued Fro=t PaEe I
VII!. t{AiaR D D ESC RtP TrCN /cc.,rrj nued)
: a. iicri..!irl i= :ri-: uiy'ixpc-RuiE
ilc r: e '^,eC . Area rei:o'ue and secured f rom rrcn-uorller i nvo'l '.'ement.
l:rrc',;n ph;,s i ca1 i n;{ ury ceses , nor'le re'l ated io chen j ca'l ex! 3sure
CC.X TAI.III,I ATrC}i O F t\ A;=E SUPPLY
Drirrk'i rig i',iater supPly
a\.Jay from opel'ati on.
Plant opel'atjcns el'e
30 gF,n i'rater suPPly
deep in this area. Con:pany p.ipes uater from 8-10 nliles
Several springs exist in the canyons above the piant.
not knc:.rn to i;pact ihe j r qua'liiy. These springs prcvide
'uo Tn i c!:o'l .
CONTA}.'I\ ATION OF FC?D ChAIN
-l F. coN?Av!i.'ATror.:t-
Nea res t
t.Ja te r i
i n the
OF GqCUI.JD hATER
gl'oundlrat,er varies from 55
s sal ine and is deemed unfit for
canyons above the pl ant. Pl ant
to 4 C0 f eet be]
con s untDt i on .
opera ti ons a re
or,, the surface. This
Several s pri ngs exi st
not knc;*n to impact
the'i r qua'l ity.
\C..aN TA r{::'l A ;i C fl Or- SU R F ACE h'AT E Ft
Blue Creek is anintermj t'uent sti'eam runn'i ng
of CERCLA acti vi ti es
on the vJest side
indicates rninimal
of t,he Th:okol
i li,pact to thefac'i I i ty. Eval uati on
c reek .
l_
33r!rA F crm 7:070-3 (l 0.7 9)PAG€ 5 OF IO
.----IIE-
H.
Frr= Fronl
I !.,.rA68 TC F L'fEA./ FAU\A
l'iinii'::a'l , n:ost sit,es
\1II. HAZARD D ESCRIPTION rc onlinued)
support t"vpica'l flora'l hab'i tat for the al'ea.
r. F!3x KILL
J. CCN?At.'IINATICTT OF AIR
Bul'ining of propel
a neans and source
CptiCnS, l'rCi'Jever.
of Utah.
I ants andfor air
Thiokol
so'l vents contami nated vri th prope1 I ant provi Ced
oollutjon. The nature of the products leaves few
has received an air '.,ariance for burn'ino fron
"he
sta^"e
K. NOTICEA ALE O DORS
llone, no HfiU readings greater than background.
-
E L. coN TA. r.qr N AT ls N o F sotL
Con tarni n a ti on of so i 'l
so'l vents but'ned r,lith
(an oxi dizer)
propel'l ant burning, HF disposal activities,
CS riot acent and notentially fr-om HP?
exists from
propel I ants;
E PFOFEFTY OArr4eCE
aa-.= tr a.c !a
Cs..:iinrr- C Frcn Pate 6
Unl. IiAZARD DSSCRIPTION /c on!inued)
2SION
cul't'ent l.azard
o. sFrgLs/Lf,i:".rx5 ca:.rTllr'i EF.s/F.ur;3F F/si t \;:raG Ltquro
A. one 'ui.r:ie spiil of 4,000 gailons of perchloric Acid irasTIie ac'id r.ras neu.r.ral ized vith I irne.
rep;rtec.
o_
,i rQ.
L-j ?. Sgt=F, STCFIJ, Ciitt{ ;'FOgLEMS
E RCSiON PROeLEI.tS
F. ::iA=:ZQUA?E SECUFITTY
s. ti,!cc!.1PA TtsL s wAST ES
PAC.E 7 OF TO
\.III. HI.ZAiD DESCRiPTION ,:
.IGHT 3l,tlF.f 6
ll" rt e
:l u. orHER f"pecttyl:
o -
qL
IX. POPULATION DIRECTLY AFFECTED BY SITE
A. LOCATTON OF FOPULATION 3. ePPFIOX. NO.
OF PgCPLE AFFECTEO
c. APPFiOx. NO. C F P
=OPL E
AFFECTED wtTHtH
i.rlilT AeEA
D. aPPROx. rlO.
oF SUrLD!\GS
AFFECT=D
E. =IS;;lvCETO SI?E
( -.pcci11' unils,l
I. t}i FgSIOENTI L AFEAS 2 fam'i lies 2 farnilies ? Fdnches ? rni I es
- fN 3c;t\!EFClr,Lt' ctt rr.';es rFrr l- r FEe3
4,700,a.lI
Th i o kol emD] ovee
4,700 Thiokol
e;TlDl ovees
numer0us.,'150. on-sitg 2 miles
. 'N CL,ELICLY.. ?FIAVELLE= AEEAS
Lor.r, predqrninatly
Itrmn] nvpp< lao] i vo'"; J. vi qi t PiI-
i li;r,"*!]1#?E,i,Ti.i I [- orv Non rni I
. , X. WATER AND HYoRoLoGICAL DATA ffi
Ilh;ieslS 36 aoo ft (.sa]in+) Lle<tr.rard I None. sa'line
D. pcigriTlAL ytELO oF AeutF=R lE. olsrANcE 7g cFrNxrNG ha.gF suFpLy lF. griEcrioN To:irH(t{6 ,rAiEc SUFPLY- I |tpccitt" lait ol aa.rurc) I
ItvLle.-agJ;i fcr veEy =d?Ep=, I lrnf.rorted. 8-10 mi'les I
G. TYFE Oi CilN(lNG wATE.-r SUF"LY
1
I
\eN.CC}/rruNtTY
< l5 ccxr{EC?toxs'
SURF^CE WATER
2. COvNUNIfY (specily torl.d):
a. h-ELL
tf 3 sources 1)I rni I es no rth_2 \ _10 mi 'l el-sguin-
3) local sprirrgs in canycns (limite
E PA F crm 7207O3 (l 0.79)
E
PA.GE 8 OF IO
ouantitips)
Continue On Pa3e 9
X. HATER Al-iD HYDROLOGICAL DATA (.-ontinuec)
qlTt l)i A l, ( YILE eLS|US CF Sl?E
!. LCCA?rOX
t V : =riai t t. to T opul a:lon,' b:t l !!i i.)
l a.I liCN.t--OM.
! teul,it? Y
l:* i; "ki )
El z. sE^EFr3 E r. s?FEa."s /arvERs Bl ue Crgek
E 3. orHE a(tPoct(y):r-t
E
- - -
6. SPECIFY USE EXD
BJ ue Creek
F.eservoi r -
i ',_xj .. LexES/rESEf,YOrRg
c l?ss, ilE^ r'iEi o r-Fe -- eF',
^,
c:il^ r eE
- irrterilittent stream
peri odic r.rlreat irri gation
Lccs:i?N cF st T=:s,tN: _+ i:..=.-r,'?.o4 rtioSt".Fu u I ttl\ ?? ri s k zone
}J. SOIL A}iD V EGITATIOH DATA
! s. reast zoxE f] c. roo vEAF FLooo PLATN [-'] ,. wEt'-rxo
l-'l r. cii,trcAL HAEIr^T I-"1 c. eece3pcE zcNE eR soLE sotJFcg ao!rFEn
:TII. TYPE OF GEOLOGICAL }/.ATEP.IAL Q:SERVED
[i"r* ' =alct:st observcd .:ta s
A. T-V=F?Ui3EN
1. grND
Es"rr.rrTE ?. CF sLcPE
AL DATA
Th i n to medi um bedded I i mest
b6i..,'n"'EJ 6fe='{6"t8's i'??fd 'fdfit'}i:N oF 'L'FE'
Gerrtl v rol J i no to rni I dl V mounta i nous i
E?C.
C. O?HER, (cTcctty bclov)B. BEDFIOCK (ePccitr bclovl
Z, CLAY
3. GREVEL
EII. SO IL P E R,}T EA BIL ITY
l-''i e. u,ixsovrx l-l e. venv etGH (too,ooo ro tooo ca/r.c., l-''l c. xrcn (tooo to to c*;t.c.)
a-f o. r,l3s EEA? e (to :o .i ca,t scc,) G E-. .L.ovt' (.1 to .ool.s=,/sce.)i o. vacenAie(ro to.i ca,rlcc.) E ?..toj (.j^r2:o!7:!i.q . ! r. VERY Lcw (.got to.oaoot ca/tcc,)
--
G. RECxieSE Ai,=
] r. ves !] z. xo 3. ccuvENrs
t{. ;ISCHAFGE AFEA
=
t. YEs - z. xo 3. cotrt.q3NTS:
E PA Form T:C7C-3 (i 0.i9)PAGE 9 OF IO
&
C cntinue On Re vers a
t-
'l 0
r
&
L;
f-
i
o
e
ntl
v
tt
I
I
L
h
-;
'l
r6
NS
mtnCc
P=RY. IT I}iFOiY.ATISN
1 l,ia rc h \97
PAST REGULATORY OR ENFORCE.v.ENT ACTICNS
c. PEqutT
r.;gr.r==R
EPA
=
".-oNE [] YES
nD
III throu gh fill out the Tentatii'e /S.:c t ion
pecE ro OF r0
1
.APPEiiDIX -,d T!{ I 1,, lL 3 l:r.Y 1933
txs;RucTtox
i.-s-r er a=: Er?i e:s
as .'ie::ss:'-/.
'lr--/--aF!,( =ru( I
rLL 3;=Sir|tC35 AP=i.:'lSl 3Y :=:ULA::.iY .r.i3hCY
TCRS SiTE i}iSF
=CTIOI.{(Sup.=le=: ::! z I R, : po:t)
^gD
!o
iiA:tg{
-rla I---
!t. t\::
U ^,-t !ua!iricg! lxc:\Eea?=9. t\3lca:!ig nrE?iEl 3l io? ^i
Ti,icl:ol , cli;e ^,-c tile .-a:',gercus na^uure of propel'lants, -\urns tes'us anC off -spe:'if i::'-',c:l
irr',:'p31la;rts.. 3unls tehe place in cesigna'ued areas. lrciel'lan'cs are si:':ac :ir a
ri'cricir E,rid'igr;'i :ed.
Sui:staiices
1. Procel'lant
2. Solven'us ar-rd o'uliei' n'a'ueria'ls conianine"eci vrith prooel'lant.
h t.r j xo 1=gztt,a1
Jre io ciangerous nature, aiiy resiciue is reburned.
:.;a
I I YC' I \4 IO
l.s3r{l?cEtx 6 ecu:Pv Ex? Fu.\c?ict{t}rG FieP:RLY
E YEr E x€ fiA
g. AcaQu^ie HAINTeXANCS cF =Xrssicx c3x?eoL EcUlpr{EXT
i-.I ves Exe i,lo cotl..rols
ba rrCNITCFIxG FCA?S :.\ lxCtNe.aATCR (iacictto Peuuoal
- -{ a YE.3 I I rO- -i!a
7. r-AS?E FL.-rir iA?= vOxt"C.FiED
EvEt l-.'!xo ;;A
t.CU ". OF 7 j-c.'tlC g FUNC?lCXt x 6 FPCPgRLY
E=vEt Ef xo All Or:19ne burn
9. S?iCr i=s?
-I i YEg I i-xO iiA I
t.. 8.3^ HE?Hoo
9b. ACaXCY C3xCUC?lriG ?ES"jt.. oA"E
rl Art r{
?C. ^C=:UA?E vE7''iCg FCa :lSFaSlL CF gCFU-gEt LTCUOR YAS?ErrATEt (D..c.ib.)
f-l ycr E "o I,iA
rr. AC,EQUA?E v€tHoc Fce :lsPcs^L cF asH cu:xc:{trrG wAS?Eha?ES on A3ir (E..eiE.)
E'cr l-l ro iiA
r L ?YPg CF SC.a.U ==Ei uE=rUH
b. llA
?YPE CF .<CSUEEEi
(
- .. HIS? 3L;xtXe?Ol
I =YEr Ero r.n
E ir Fcra ?:S0.!3 (l G-r9)Ccg:.::eC c3 =vtrte
; A<gH
V^LUg:
rrC
o
o
,Y.
\
-AC
\ra ,
EI
)=
E3 \
rr=r
I
--x
-I
-E
-:Yti5
=F.lSgtc,r Ll}-t ?t
-
-
3t. ?YPE CF ==urPr{gxr
2tr. xrxE
2tb. acE
2!c. CexEt ?rex
F P^ Forrr T:370-38 (l C-i9) (Ro'enr)
TH I O I(OL I on
C F Lir{ =P. S YS?Et{ CF =C( ED-si r\! rao--
l!.JS:RUC?'Cx
.i=::l'e:'asd 3:;:e=
a s li e: ?sE&--.
,lt-o l --rrlr'brl-
:Lr r\r .-\--;].' FCUX Drr.5}i TS SIT= iHSP ECTICN
(Sr.=p,te:'. . i:ei .? " ?c?! )
REPCRT
a. g';i3=\c= a? )i:?::AL eF
-r i YF-S v€
!. 2 sLY C'J.''.r';.?:aLi o A5;::S AHg '::3;f =!
- -:r.,' ': ES r xC---.----5. iEC?F35 C.'<:,CK=:-rt l,
- -I : YE5 l_) xO
tt ?2'J rr :!.,' :.'i ?'r AS
- -,/, Y=5 ./1:NCl
- -
- gl'eCeC! rlllCi built
- ei:L'' ili !in'et''! ts s ia b I
ctCc)
cl, F=rc?!'/E rAs?E
------Jln yrSr''-'53iJ g.-?Ha :Y.F3b'5:t4gXT
'v?Cu\orr=xi
upctl
at-
iGNIT.(3L3
OF Scclr S:,,.-.FrC=,
or to !.CRA
LvL.1
I
'!^G Sr--
nn
I
CJt
;
r'l
C
l:
0
i,i'' O l'l
rxTS3etTY
-J I YE3
-
Frocucticn pcnci seenrs sound anc,i adeouate for current Purpcses
:3. -i:.G?!{, tlo?H. A}.D =8.3?HL=Ns?r.r i00 ft. iltc?ri 100 ft sEP?r.r 4 ft
CALC:.J LA"=f VCLUHETPIC CAF ACI?Y
3.000 cubic ft.
FC=!r? CF CAFACT?Y REYAiNIi.G
,(1 nnn r"hic f r F',n re
| 3-. O?:{ =R ECUtFHgXT
e. sclL sTFUg?u?e ^h3 su=s;iuc;uf,E
S. lrC.\l:CR:rrS trELLs
- -I i YEs I \.1 xO
- --
r 3. 35?:MA?: FiE=5CAaO
i faof
'i 3. s=Llc5 ca:csiTion
E Ys E ro (sal t)
l:. :F=13;.rG ;!SFcSAL .Yg?hcc
Li:-, k !'l ol{n
(: e.79)
!DD3l'1Tt' ^r
STCRAGE 7 ACILITI
=S
SIT= II.ISP=CTIC}{ R EPCP.T
(S upplete:::al .R e pan )
,] --.. it'. r-:- S r!{/ii'rrJU
Irir-iel'& outer cesings (no other 1
!{ I 0 i:cL ?. rr!v ioP?
-) ri.-rr JJ9t
:I{5:RU:?ICH
.t = s=.e? rcl 3-l::.g
ag lie=333.'-?.
----
t. Sils sii reii p.r.3
,? rE! f- ro iler or reta i n3 t')-,----.9e AF:A lrA5-
(i,o bui'l dirrg ol'o'uher Struct,ure)
=
'=s
=
sc
n?, (o;r 'i riiler) r;as
?,-':l l;ct s bu t't'icc j n
stored in
l CQnly(JWr
the ces'i nos Dug'uo ut'i St:cle rrB',-ul'e, all HPZ
3 ::2^ stcr',.ine areas - cach sral'l r'; h 20-]0 .tsi'rn *h
?tc s
xO.
E. =5i:ui?E'.\,rv=8.=l AliO C.iPrC:?Y CF STOeAOe TexKS
cF LEiXi6E C:iF.CSiON eR =ULSrrG CF 3Aef,.rrrar ol dt=;ee.. ?tio P::OiO6.RIF.YS)
-I i xct3
c3.r ?A l!{
=.=.
a-rrLa:: -r.-r -
-| , vEt I:r
.is usEoAI
_a
x?
?
lr:
lslr
9:,.r!
-
l-.1
t-lr
aY
a-
icc---rnt 3aceacJo
7. \C?= LA=g'-;!{G CN CCX?ttXEFiS
iioi'i e
D-t. AC=.:UA?E PcA€?:c=s i'cR SrsPcsAL oF =.YPTY S?eRAGe C3x?AtxEt
5vE' E{oSeeL2.2of 3sitescor::plete'l y
EVttr 3-XC=
Iccrs:en rrrC
f-j v gr
-t
See 3
2. ACaCUAiE CCX?Arr{Ep. reSHrNG AHO iEUSa PRACTICgS
F v Er i-.t xo I nne r Cgnta i ne rS COn S Ui:ed
-p
I.;hen burneCHP^
-rsb
cl ean€d , ne i ther i ni:e r or outer containc:
9. CsSEC? vEX?i!rG CF STCaAGE ?AN(S
- -lri vE,t I :xg
- -tO. CCri?AisE=S rOLS!NO lxCA!.rFAilSLE SUES?AXCSS (il "loe", Cocts6t .ae.ae..,...o. .7 i. ? rt A fr C
"-<P
lr S.)
I I YB TJ : IO
9ore.qDe ioetcica e.4 ilcat,Jt7 o( htreu=aso
I l. ;nC?MFAilgLE SUaS?Ar{€Es S"CREg lX CLCSE FggXlXl?Y (ll "to1,', gscsdt .ad.ac.. 9..4!..'ss.!.'ia tlC !t.rta.7 .l
.!.:t-f*. tt e n o,itko ? rl O 7O AeA ? rt9.t
i , Y3l I .J xo
E Pr Fen i:C;0.:9 (l 0.;9)renain. Cther site, or:'l.y outer containel's l'etria I n
o
I'I.I iCKOL S I IE
4
REPRi:SEiJ TATIVES
,,'.iPi:iDiX
II,SF'ECTICIi
t-
!p-
APPEi{DIX 4
The follc,t'ing 'list identif ies those ihic<o'l cf f icia'ls itho
par'uicipated in ihe site inspections or ihe pre- or;--.ost-inspec'uion
discussions ccncerning the sites:
Ron Tayl or* ; Env i r'or'l;i'!ental Coord i n aior,ec1-35 3-33t5
Tom Chr:i stensen*; Superv'isor, Process Engi neerino, 801-863-8677
Ernje Srovrn; l4anager, Product and iiethoCs De,,,e'lopr;ent
Jchn Locsle; i'lanaEer, Safety Division, 301-463-8515
Richard i4cQuivey; i'lanager, l,lorks Engineering, 80i-863-8459
Jim iiuffaker*; Photo-orapher
iohn Coffin*; i''ianager, Safe'uy and Environrinenia'l
Protection (Corporate) 312-521-5275
-
-
1
*Present dur i ng on-s i te i nspecti ons .
APi'iIiDIX 5
TEST DATA - SITE N
.tD
T-
o
A??iliDix 5
l=sidus fr'iil it,-2?7 Su;;pr'
Qu a'l i t at j i'e Tests
1. lio ii2i{4
2. lio cc;;bus'ui b'le rnateri al s
3. iio reaction nith liaOH
4. Reacts nith HCL
5. Positive'uest for F, C03, Cd, Fe
Ccnc'l us i ons
The residues frorn the 't',-227 suir,p is prinari 1y CaCQ and CaO
lrith sorre CaFZ present.
* The aSove information vlas provided by Thiokol and reflects data
from an analysis work sheet, page 133, for a sa:nple taken at Site N.
3-?6-81
L.l.l .R. 353525
a-
-?
o
LrX)FILLS 5.
( S-,
- lliSP ECT tor., ?.a?cR T
.:.i-n!i! .Q,.;'ufl)
t : r t r i:l :re
.. : 1-CI o7,-r-J':-,,-f f ^,..:r:;--1^-f'or ?,JL/.L
[\
,lur31 l-',-vt
CLiSSIFY
.l
I
I
:l;. Fi l-t-r,-: -x-f ' . I ,.-;
LLS AS }lAZ:?]OU
.T=g-^i5 si-.
E ] P. L;.:;D F iI rl
I ll
ILL
: ?. i1l-o 'iiiiCii0t_ ilIS;i0T
c ;-,.;:-.:1z'.c.il..r.-..c,jii'i*-^;:.;;-;1r;:;;;..=-7|,,fi.-,.-_
tl 'eo 'ri F,- ii i,-.,,L rIC,.,i.iDS Fn I,lR T0 p.c,D.A..\rJ I vl
!i":.. _ 'Il_:::. L.:ir--l!ED-.:- sE_E- _2.,j_!I_',iisf.Es .lQ.L_rp
:..rt2',.Jr 3:ii,.a'tLiIg rrC Ll, f-C:rv€LY CCr.S'ieuc'?LC L,,C iJtLrt tLll e^rxr^r.rEO
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FOR CO|JSIRUCTIOI.I DISRIS.
( I !.79'
a
aaD
RESOLUTION OP DISPU?ES
. 39. This Consent Order expressly contenplates subrnis-
sion of certain reports, p1ans, and proposals by Morton Thiokol
to .the Executive Secretary and, the Comroit,tee for . reviev and
corunent or.approvaf. The parties vill use their best efforts to
't:resolve informally any. disagreenent .concerning activities r:nder
this Consent Order. Ercept as set fcirth in paragraphs 31 and 33.,
the parties reserve all rights to coramence' adninistrative. or
judicial acti.on to resolve any disagreement or to .a<sert any
cause or claira vhich cannot be resolved informally.. A"y. f inai
decision by the Conrnittee approving, denying 04 nod,ifying a
subrnission' by !.torton Thiokol under thi: Consent Ofder. itralf
constitute final agency--action'. 'Judicial reviev'bf any final
agency action shall be in accordance vith applic-cable'lav. Sched:
ulis for corapliance by Morton Thiokol as set forth herein shall
be extended pending -any judicial reviev of issues affecting'such
schedules.
SITE ACCESS ANp ENFORCEMENT
40. -411 activities conduct,ed by l.{orton Thiokol under
this Consent Order shall be.snbject to inspection and enforcement
by t,he Exe-cutive Secretary and the Cornmittee in accordance vith
tle p=bc:iures ia :he Ac: aad ?he UlIh'!8.. ltor:on Thiokol r-i 11
provide reasonable access t,o its facili:ies upon request, frora the
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