HomeMy WebLinkAboutDERR-2024-007695Letter 0356 Comments to Letter 0356
561 See the Response to Common Comment No. 8, indicating that the
plan has been revised to eliminated any discharge to the Jordan River.
562 The comment period was extended, as indicated in the Response to
Common Comment No. 1
561
562
Letter 0356 (cont) Comments to Letter 0356 (cont)
563 See the Response to Common Comment No. 9 regarding the
additional studies which will be conducted on water quality of the Great
Salt Lake in order to benefit the ecosystem, including waterfowl.
564 As indicated in the Revised Proposal and discussed in the Response to
Common Comment Nos. 6 and 7, JVWCD has defined options for sending
the waste concentrates to the tailings impoundment, and specific conditions
which must be met before any discharge to the Great Salt Lake can be
considered.
563
564
Letter 0357 Comments to Letter 0357
571 See the Response to Common Comment No. 3.
572 As noted in the Response to Common Comment No. 8, under the
revised Proposal, there will be no discharge of reverse osmosis (RO)
concentrates to the Jordan River. The revised Proposal identifies three
options for discharge to the tailings impoundment or the Great Salt Lake,
depending on additional studies of the Great Salt Lake. See also the
Response to Common Comment No. 6.
573 JVWCD withdrew its UPDES permit, as described in the Response to
Common Comment No. 8.
571
572
573
Letter 0357 (cont) Comments to Letter 0357 (cont)
574 See the response to Common Comment No. 7.
575 Operations under the revised Proposal and implementing agreements
will be regulated in accordance with water quality and drinking water
regulations.
576 See above comments regarding management of RO concentrates.
574
575
576
Letter 0358 Comments to Letter 0358
581 There is no discharge of reverse osmosis concentrates to the Jordan
River under the revised Proposal. For additional information, see the
Response to Common Comment No. 8. 581
Letter 0359 Comments to Letter 0359
Letter 0359 (cont) Comments to Letter 0359 (cont)
591 Under the revised Proposal, no reverse osmosis concentrates will be
discharged to the Jordan River. Options for management of the
concentrates will be considered after additional studies of the Great Salt
Lake. For additional information, see the Responses to Common Comment
Nos. 8 and 9.
591
Letter 0359 (cont) Comments to Letter 0359 (cont)
592 The work which will be conducted to set numeric standards for the
Great Salt Lake will include evaluations of brine shrimp and waterfowl.
See Response to Common Comment No. 9.
592
Letter 0359 (cont) Comments to Letter 0359 (cont)
593 See the Response to Common Comment No. 7 regarding discharges to
the tailings impoundment.
593
Letter 0359 (cont) Comments to Letter 0359 (cont)
Letter 0360 Comments to Letter 0360
601 Jordan Valley Water Conservancy District has withdrawn its
discharge permit and under the revised Proposal, there will be no discharge
of reverse osmosis concentrates to the Jordan River. For further
information, see the Response to Common Comment No.8.
602 While an EIS or EA is not required for the project, there has been
independent review through the Technical Review Committee. In response
to numerous stakeholders, the DEQ Division of Water Quality is also
initiating studies to establish numeric water quality standards for the Great
Salt Lake. See the Response to Common Comment No. 9.
603 See the Response to Common Comment Nos. 7, 8 and 9.
601
602
603
Letter 0360 (cont) Comments to Letter 0360 (cont)
603 See above comments. 603
Letter 0361 Comments to Letter 0361
611 As indicated in the Response to Common Comment No. 8, reverse
osmosis concentrates from the Zone B treatment facility will not be
discharged to the Jordan River.
611
Letter 0361 (cont) Comments to Letter 0361 (cont)
Letter 0362 Comments to Letter 0362
621 As indicated in the Response to Common Comment No. 8, Jordan
Valley Water Conservancy District has withdrawn its UPDES permit.
Reverse osmosis concentrates will not be discharged to the Jordan River.
621
Letter 0362 (cont) Comments to Letter 0362 (cont)
Letter 0362 (cont) Comments to Letter 0362 (cont)
622 The DEQ Division of Water Quality is initiating studies in
conjunction with Stakeholders to establish numeric standards for the Great
Salt Lake. As indicated in the Response to Common Comment No. 9,
selenium will be the first metal to be evaluated.
622
Letter 0362 (cont) Comments to letter 0362 (cont)
623 See the Response to Common Comment Nos. 6 and 7 regarding
options identified in the revised Proposal.
623
Letter 0362 (cont) Comments to Letter 0362 (cont)
Letter 0363 Comments to Letter 0363
631 Jordan Valley Water Conservancy District has withdrawn their permit
to discharge to the Jordan River, as indicated in the Response to Common
Comment No. 8.
631
Letter 0364 Comments to Letter 0364
641 See the Response to Common Comment No. 3 regarding support for
the aquifer cleanup.
641
Letter 0364 (cont) Comments to Letter 0364 (cont)
Letter 0365 Comments to Letter 0365
651 See the Response to Common Comment No. 3 regarding support for
aquifer cleanup.
652 Jordan Valley Water Conservancy District has withdrawn its permit
and there will be no discharge to the Jordan River, as indicated in the
Response to Common Comment No. 8.
651
652
Letter 0366 Comments to Letter 0366
In addition to the following comments, see the Responses to Common Comments.
661 The planned extraction rates for the Zone B wells are relatively low at less
than 350 gpm per well, except for one well site within the west portion of the plume
area to be pumped at approximately 1200 gpm. Modeling for the Zone B area shows
on average less than, 10 feet of draw down over 40 years of pumping within the
layer that is being pumped. The shallow and deep aquifers are one aquifer in the
western portion of Zone B so there is already communication throughout the aquifer.
For those wells pumped at less than 350 gpm, the deep aquifer should provide water
laterally and up gradient from each well and the recharge feeding the deep aquifer
will come from regional infiltration and from seepage from the canals west of the
wells. Water quality will be monitored from all pumping wells throughout the time
of pumping. Water quality measurements also can be made for deep wells located in
the confined deep aquifer for changes over time. Monitoring of the pumping wells
along with monitoring of select deep private wells in the confined deep aquifer will
be conducted as necessary to check for movement of the shallow unconfined aquifer
into the deep aquifer. Since recharge for the Zone B area generally exceeds the
volume extracted (canals lose approximately one to one and half cubic feet per
second per linear mile of canal) one would not expect the deep aquifer to take on
shallow aquifer water.
The groundwater in the southwestern Jordan Valley has been intensively studied
over the last decade and that information has been considered in developing the
groundwater cleanup program. See also the Responses to Common Comments Nos.
2 and 6.
662 Contaminants would generally be expected to move along with the
groundwater and not accumulate. In addition to State and county regulations
regarding groundwater discharges, source control measures are in place to avoid
additional loading of contaminants in the aquifer. It is plausible that as the
agricultural areas are phased out, fewer organic compounds will infiltrate to the
groundwater. However, if overwatering occurs on lawns and gardens and this water
infiltrates to groundwater, then organic contaminants will continue to show up in the
shallow unconfined aquifer. Levels of organic contaminants will be monitored in the
remedial pumping wells to assess quantities. Significant changes in organic
contaminant levels compared to 10 years ago are not expected due to placement of
storm and sewer systems and reduced agricultural influences. See also the
Responses to Common Comments Nos. 1 and 10.
661
662
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to letter 0366 (cont)
663 The comment is noted. Levels of organic contaminants might be
expected to increase through irrigation wastewater, irrigation infiltration
water, and commercial/industrial facility activities unrelated to the
groundwater remediation project. Since the system drains to the Jordan
River, it is conceivable that there will be increases in the shallow aquifer
adjacent to the river. Organic contaminants will be monitored in the
remedial pumping wells.
664 The comment is noted.
665 The joint proposal is concerned with contamination from mining
activities. The proposal does have a plan for providing a baseline of current
contamination from mining activities and a method for updating and
modeling continued migration of contaminants. Samples within the
contaminated area will be collected on a quarterly, semiannual or annual
basis as necessary. These results will be incorporated into the ongoing
modeling effort to refine predictions of future contamination migration.
666 Higher organic contaminants on the west side may be due to the fact
that more cultivated acreage existed on the west side of the river along with
a later developed storm and sewer drainage systems. It also may be a
function of poorer drainage. As previously pointed out by the commenter,
the majority of the well samples were collected north of the mining affected
area. The actual level of organic contaminants in individual water wells
(both deep and shallow) would not be expected to increase but rather to
decrease over time. The proposed project under the Joint Proposal does not
mitigate new nonmining related contaminant sources, nor is it required to
do so under the terms of the Consent Decree.
667 The deep aquifer in Zone B is targeted for pumping because it is
contaminated and the water quality does not meet JVWCD standards for
culinary supply. Because the pumping rates are relatively low for the
remedial wells, the projected draw down is small and minimal shallow
aquifer water would recharge the deep aquifer. See also prior responses.
663
664
665
666
667
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
668 The monitoring and extraction wells in the Zone B area comprise a
large database; the data provided from these wells was used to develop the
remedial plan. See the Responses to Common Comments Nos. 2, 5, and 6.
669 The comment is noted. There is considerable understanding of both
the hydrogeology of the Salt Lake Valley groundwater system and of the
contaminants in the southwestern part of the valley. It would be
irresponsible to delay action to cleanup and contain know contamination,
given the current information and the ability to implement groundwater
restoration in the Affected Area.
6610 The comment is noted. It is good practice to continue monitoring and
collecting data to continually refine the understanding of the effects of the
remediation in light of all ongoing activities.
Section 8.0 of the Salt Lake Valley Groundwater Management Plan does
not necessarily refer to the southwest portion of the valley. This area is
probably the most thoroughly monitored and most carefully modeled region
of the entire valley. New data will most likely be related to the shallow
aquifer and its relation to the rest of the hydrogeologic system.
668
669
6610
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6611 Modeling and maps were provided to the State Engineer to help him
make his decisions. Additionally, although outside the scope of the public
review process for the Joint Proposal, the public is involved in the State
Engineers decision making process. Also see the Response to Common
Comment No. 1 regarding public involvement.
6612 The need to cleanup the aquifer and limit the spread of
contamination is driving this remedial plan. The plan proposes to restore
and place groundwater to beneficial use. It should be noted that the 1995
Natural Resource Damage Consent Decree (NRD CD) does not settle third
party claims against Kennecott. In reaching the 1995 settlement, the State
settled on damages to a resource that the State holds in Trust for the citizens
of Utah. Public involvement and well owner issues are also addressed in
the Responses to Common Comments Nos. 1 and 10.
6611
6612
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6613 The comments are noted. JVWCD and Kennecott have water rights
in the Affected Area. In accordance with the Consent Decree, those water
rights will be used in make the treated water available to the public.
Further information on well owner issues is available in the Response to
Common Comment No. 10. Additional contamination will not occur in
other areas of the valley as a result of the remediation plan.
6614 The purchase of water rights is subject to the market, not dictated by
the State Engineer. JVWCD has not submitted any water right application
to move surface water rights to principal aquifer uses. Instead, JVWCD has
submitted a change application to change the point of diversion of surface
irrigation waters to shallow aquifer wells adjacent to the Jordan River.
6615 No reestablishment of priority dates is necessary as part of the
remediation project, nor is such reestablishment within the Trustee’s
authority. Water right priority dates are under the authority of the Utah State
Engineer, and will remain unchanged by the proposed project. This is in
6613
6614
6615
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
accordance with the 1995 Consent Decree, which states in Article 4 that
“allocation of the right to use surface or groundwater resources by the
public shall be by the Utah State Engineer pursuant to Utah Water Law.”
Thus, existing water rights and Utah water law will prevail in the proposed
project.
6616 As it relates to the Consent Decree and this remediation project,
“allocation of the right to use surface or groundwater resources by the
public shall be by the Utah State Engineer pursuant to Utah Water Law.”
Consent Decree, Article 4.
6617 The trends for the Zone A area have continued as they were from
1986 to 1996 while the Zone B area has less change, due to recharge from
the canals. The continued water level decline in the Zone A area has been
allowed and will continue to be allowed to contain the contaminated
groundwater.From 1996 to 2003, the water levels have dropped from 0 to
28 feet for the Zone A area, or 0 to 4 feet per year. The proposed Zone B
and Lost Use groundwater extractions have not begun. However, water
levels monitored in Zone B areas have dropped from 0 to 15 feet, or 0 to 2
feet per year, for that same period.
6618 The rates of extraction were revised for Zone B and Lost Use wells
in the Revised Joint Proposal (6/11/04, Section 5.3). The Consent Decree
requires the production of 7000 acre feet per year of water from the deep
aquifer and provides for production of 1235 acre feet of Lost Use water as
part of the natural resource damage claim. Extractions to contain the acid
plume are additional. All extractions will be completed under valid water
rights.
6619 In the western portion of the southwest region of the valley, the
aquifer is not confined. The western portion of Zone B also is not confined.
Therefore any contaminants that infiltrate these areas will indeed move into
the principal aquifer, irrespective of drawdown.
6616
6617
6618
6619
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6620 See the Response to Common Comment No. 10. Also note that
under the Consent Decree “allocation of the right to use surface or
groundwater resources by the public shall be by the Utah State Engineer
pursuant to Utah Water Law.” Consent Decree, Article 4.
6621 See the Response to Common Comment No. 2 regarding
characterization of groundwater contamination. The remediation is
designed to remove contamination from the aquifer and limit the spread of
sulfate contamination. The Consent Decree does not settle third party
claims; nor does the Trustee have that authority.
6620
6621
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6622 The 3,000 foot definition was designed to protect all parties.The
project outlined by the Joint Proposal is targeted at removal of
contaminants from the groundwater, protection of the environment
and restoration of the natural resource.
6623 These comments are better addressed to the Division of Water
Rights in a different forum.
6624 The plan focuses on reducing the spread of contamination and to
accomplish this objective, withdrawal rates are matched with containment
criteria.
6622
6623
6624
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6625 See the Responses to Common Comments Nos. 2, 5, and 10.
6626 These comments on the Salt Lake Valley Groundwater Management
Plan would more appropriately be addressed to the Division of Water
Rights in another forum.
6627 Investigations of the groundwater problems related to mining began
in the early 1980s under the direction of the DEQ. The Final Draft
Feasibility Study followed in 1998, followed by the RI/FS (remedial
investigation, feasibility study) and Record of Decision (ROD) issued by
the EPA and DEQ. All included significant technical input from multiple
public agencies and organizations. The ROD was subject to a public
comment period as well. All of these studies have culminated in the current
proposed project. Since there was damage to a natural resource, the NRD
Consent Decree provided a mechanism to “restore, replace, or acquire the
equivalent of the natural resource for the benefit of the public in the
Affected Area.”
6628 Item 8.0 of the Salt Lake Valley Groundwater Management Plan
does not necessarily refer to the contamination area in the southwestern part
of the valley. There is nothing in the management plan that exempts
anyone from the responsibilities or liabilities associated with potential
impairment of other water rights.
See the Response to Common Comments No. 10 regarding the response to
water rights and water quality concerns.
6625
6626
6627
6628
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6629 These comments on the Salt Lake Valley Groundwater Management Plan
would more appropriately be addressed to the Division of Water Rights.
6630 Treated water will be provided to the public in the affected area.Impacts to
individual well owners based on quality issues in Zone A and B or water level
impacts in Zone A that are specifically related to Kennecott will be addressed
through appropriate means to be determined on a case by case basis, and could
include such approaches as providing replacement water, deepening wells, or
installation of undersink RO treatment units.
6631 Flow modeling and solute transport modeling were conducted to assess flow
conditions. Sampling will be conducted to assess quality of groundwater over time
as compared with extractions quantities and to continually calibrate and update the
model to compare actual conditions with projected conditions. Mainly inorganic
constituents in the water are being sampled. Groundwater models have been
extensively used to predict the potential impacts of the project. The results of this
modeling are contained within the appendices of the proposal. Groundwater
modeling has also been performed independently by government agencies such as
Division of Water Rights.
6632 The plan under the Joint Proposal is to treat contaminated water for 40 years
and to provide such water to the public in the Affected Area. Potential problems
include predicted draw down in the Zone A area. This is necessary to prevent lateral
(horizontal) movement of contaminated water that might otherwise adversely affect
uncontaminated groundwater. Modeling for water quantity for Zone B shows a
small draw down.
6633 The project under consideration is designed to address the region identified
by the Consent Decree.
6634 Please refer to the groundwatermonitoring plan in the Final Remedial
Design for the sampling and monitoring information.
6635 Waste concentrates will be piped to Kennecott’s tailing impoundment. Any
decision to discharge to the Great Salt Lake from Zone B/Lost Use will be made
following studies to set a selenium standard for the Lake. Concentrates will be
contained in the tailings impoundment; at certain times of the year, water from the
tailings impoundment may discharged to the Great Salt Lake in accordance with
Kennecott’s existing UPDES permit. Any discharges to the Great Salt Lake will be
contained by the lake and must meet UPDES permit requirements. Concentrates will
not contaminate groundwater and drinking water. The project removes the
contaminants from the groundwater. The contaminants are to be deposited in
locations where they will not reenter drinking water supplies.
6629
6630
6631
6632
6633
6634
6635
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6636 Responses provided by subsection in letter:
4a. The Consent Decree requires remediation over a 40year period. It is likely that
the groundwater extraction will continue past the 40 years.The Zone A area is in
pilot stage at this time. It is scheduled to operate through 2044,assuming the project
receives approval this year. Zone B is scheduled to be online sometime between
2007 and 2009, again, assuming the project receives approval this year, and will
continue to operate for at least forty years thereafter.Mitigation will not end when
the remediation project ends.Mitigation will not end when KUCC ceases operation.
4b. Individual water rights are not taken in this process.
4c. The procedures included in the Response to Common Comment No.10, provide
a mechanism for evaluating individual well owner concerns regarding water quality
and quantity.
4d. Positive effects will be immediate upon full implementation because drinking
water will be produced from the contaminated aquifer. Monitoring over time will
show the more gradual positive effects on the groundwater quality, as the plume is
confined and reduced.
4e. The agreements described in the Joint Proposal contemplate that Zone A and
Zone B will be complete and operational no later than January 31, 2009, and January
31, 2010, respectively. Zone A will likely be operational in 2005, and Zone B will
likely be operational in 2007, assuming the project receives approval this year. Pilot
scale plants have already been completed.
6637 Responses provided by subsection in letter; also see Response to Common
Comment No. 10.
5a. The remedial work does not target negative impact for private well owners but
rather focuses on containment and treatment of contaminated groundwater.
5b. As reflected in other responses, pilot studies have been conducted and the
groundwater flow system has been studied. Additional information will be gained
once pumping commences and the monitoring results are examined. The remedial
work targets contaminants related to mining and is not designed to address other
nonmining related contaminants even though the RO plants may remove other
possible contaminants.
5c. All available data has been used to make sound decisions for the project.
5d. The quality of the existing Zone A and B groundwater supply is not acceptable
for drinking water. If the project does not proceed, additional groundwater resources
may become contaminated. The quantity and quality of groundwater have been
documented in the USGS and Kennecott modeling efforts.
5e. The project is designed to contain and treat contaminated groundwater.
5ae. The remediation project will not be implemented in a way that has potential
for negative impacts for private well owners. The continued movement and
expansion of the contamination plume poses a substantial danger to uncontaminated
groundwater resources in Salt Lake Valley. The Consent Decree contemplates an
urgent need to contain the contaminant plume from future movement and to
diminish its size through remediation. Substantial studies have been performed to
demonstrate how remediation can practically occur.
5f. This comment on the Salt Lake Valley Groundwater Management Plan would
more appropriately be addressed to the Division of Water Rights.
5g. All of the public in the Affected Area will benefit directly or indirectly from the
proposed project. Additional public water supply will be made available to the
public, and groundwater contamination that threatens other groundwater resources
and well owners will be contained, diminished, and substantially remediated.
6636
6637
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6638 Not necessarily. Please see the Response to Common Comment No.
10 regarding how impacts to individual well owners will be resolved.
6639 At this time,the private well owner has not been asked to reduce
pumping. If the aquifer cannot sustain the pumping rates for all involved,
the first priority will be to contain or reduce the spreading of contaminated
water. It is possible that priority dates will be considered. If this is required,
then all affected parties, including Kennecott and JVWCD, could be asked
to reduce their pumping.
6640 The expense should be borne by the party or parties that caused the
need for the deepening of the well. Questions of liability are dependent on
the facts, circumstances and law applicable to the matter. The Trustee
cannot determine the consequences of legal liability in the hypothetical
context in which this comment is raised.
6641 The number of wells in the Affected Area that are used for culinary
supply are limited, but the importance of those wells is recognized. The
private well owner could likely continue to use the well for secondary use.
If the municipalities develop secondary water systems, then it may be
possible to work out a water dedication policy with the municipality.
6642 This requires additional evaluation, based on the circumstances of
the particular situation.
6643 The aquifer cleanup is designed to be a permanent remedy. It is not
possible to predict water uses through time.
6644 See the proposed procedures included in Response to Common
Comment No.10 regarding the processes for addressing well owner
concerns.
6645 The well owner would also be included in the decision making
process; much of the information and data used to make the decision would
likely be gathered by the entities listed.
6638
6639
6640
6641
6642
6643
6644
6645
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6646 Several items could trigger the process. For example, monitoring
data gathered and analyzed, which may depict trends, may trigger the
process. If the trend suggests that water levels or water quality will be
significantly affected, then mitigation would be planned. Another trigger
would be an individual well owner raising an issue regarding well
performance either due to quantity or quality problems.
6647 Well inventory information coupled with actual water level and
water quality information could be used. The inventory information has
already been assembled and is updated when new wells are placed. The
monitoring information includes water levels and water quality information
for a representative area throughout Zone A and Zone B. Static levels are
derived from several locations including the initial driller’s report and from
the regional grid of monitoring wells. Certain private wells will also be used
in the assessment of static levels. All sources will be considered. Private
water wells have been drilled before and after various droughts. Time series
information for the general area will be critical for all areas to assess
regional trends. In addition, land use information and historical use will also
be important to assess, i.e. lands that were previously used as gravity
irrigation agricultural lands, may have had more infiltration of water to the
groundwater. Any reliable, available data may be used.
6648 Kennecott, JVWCD, and agencies will use knowledge and data to
understand the hydrology and solve problems.
6649 Yes. Metals and sulfate are contaminants in the acid plume. Sulfate
is the focus of the groundwater cleanup throughout Zones A and B. Mining
and nonmining related activities have contributed to the contamination.
Contamination in Zones A and B resulted from mining sources including
the Kennecott’s former evaporation ponds, Bingham Creek Reservoir and
the area adjacent to the waste rock piles on the southwest side of the Salt
Lake Valley. The Consent Decree established sulfate concentrations greater
than 500 mg/L in groundwater as unreasonable.
6650 See the Response to Common Comment No. 10 and the Kennecott
and JVWCD water quality and quantity review diagrams regarding the roles
of the well owner and the well owners options. Impacts to individual well
owners will be determined on a casebycase basis.
6646
6647
6648
6649
6650
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6651 See the Responses to Common Comments Nos. 2 and 10.
6652 The chart entitled “Zone B/Lost Use Groundwater Interference
Mitigation Plan” was not submitted by JVWCD as an official part of the
Joint Proposal. It constitutes the procedures provided under Utah water
rights law for potential groundwater interference. JVWCD does not intend
to create new obligations, programs or a mitigation plan. Instead, existing
water rights law will prevail, as stated by the 1995 Consent Decree.
6651
6652
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6653 The potential remedies are not listed by preferred priority. See the
Response to Common Comment No. 10. Details of any remedy would be
determined on a casebycase basis.
6654 An event that would trigger the start of this process would be the
receipt of a complaint by JVWCD from a well owner. JVWCD would
evaluate existing data, and would consider and discuss with the well owner
draw down measurements between the potentially affected well and the
operation of the project well or wells of JVWCD.
6655 It is likely that “baseline data” would not be necessary. This is
because the regional groundwater levels respond to various influences, such
as multiple year wet and dry cycles, as well as the regional influence of
dozens to hundreds of existing wells pumping in the area. Instead, the
specific draw down impact upon any single potentially affected well would
be measured, if necessary.
6653
6654
6655
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6656 Knowledge and data will be used to understand the hydrology and
solve problems. Details of any remedy would be determined on a caseby
case basis.
6657 “Unreasonable interference” is defined by the State Engineer in the
Salt Lake Valley Groundwater Management Plan to be 12 feet. The details
of methods of measuring potential interference on a well would be
discussed between JVWCD and the potentially affected well owner, and
selected for any specified case. Decisions on remedies will be made in
accordance with the law and on a casebycase basis. Also see the
Response to Common Comment No.10.
6656
6657
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6658 The mitigation plan acknowledges the current process provided by
law for dealing with potential unreasonable interference.
6659 For the Zone A area, containment and removal of the poor quality
groundwater becomes critical to prevent spread of contamination.
Containment of Zone B sulfate contamination is also necessary to reduce
the impact to the aquifer. Kennecott, JVWCD, and the TRC will monitor
the aquifer cleanup and make changes as needed during the 40year period
to maximize removal of contaminants while sustaining the aquifer.
The Consent Decree was entered by the District Court and does not need to
be revised. The Consent Decree appropriately contemplates proceeding with
the priority task of containing and remediating the contaminant plume.
6658
6659
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6660 The Trustee acknowledges that members of the public could disagree over
whether westward land development is in the public interest, and that this is not a
criterion for a decision under the Consent Decree.
6661 The Consent Decree provides that the quantity of the injured ground water
resource was 8,235 acrefeet per year. The damages in the Consent Decree were
calculated based upon this amount of water. An 85% net output from the treatment
plant was assumed, for a total of 7,000 acrefeet of water from Zones A and B as
provided in the Consent Decree. The amount of the irrevocable letter of credit was
calculated based on 7,000 acrefeet. The remaining 1,235 acrefeet represents the
15% estimated to be lost in the waste stream during the treatment process. A portion
of the cash settlement placed in the Trust Fund represents compensation to the State
for the water lost in the waste stream. Under the project outlined by the Joint
Proposal, JVWCD seeks to utilize a portion of the cash in the Trust Fund in order to
deliver the 1,235 acrefeet of water that was estimated to be lost in the waste stream
under the provisions of the Consent Decree Sections V.D.1 and 4.
6662 Comment Noted.
6663 Actual extraction rates, on average, are less than for the period of 1990
1996 due to the import of JVWCD water from the Wasatch and Uintah Mountain
areas.
6664 In the Zone A area, the rate of decline has been 0 to 4 feet per year and in
Zone B the rate of decline monitored has been 0 to 2 feet per year.
The recent declines in groundwater levels of the principal aquifer are part of
a longerterm pattern of rising and falling levels in response to wetter and
drier periods. For example, longterm water level monitoring records
maintained by the US Geological Survey and the Utah Divisions of Water
Rights and Water Resources show these cycles of higher and lower
groundwater levels with wet and dry periods of years for 19652002
(GroundWater Conditions in Utah, Spring of 2002, Cooperative
Investigations Report No. 43). Groundwater levels in most of Zone A and
B areas are higher now than they were in 1963 (GroundWater Conditions
in Utah, Spring of 1993, Cooperative Investigations Report No. 33).
Recent declines in groundwater levels in Zones A and B do not necessarily indicate
that water is being withdrawn faster than it is being naturally recharged.
Groundwater studies and modeling indicate that there is more natural recharge than
well withdrawals in the Affected Area (Revised Flow and Transport Model,
Southwestern Jordan Valley, Utah, Addendum to the Joint Proposal). Groundwater
modeling also indicates that this would still be true after implementation of the
proposed project. Zone A withdrawals would not be new withdrawals on the
aquifer, but have been made by Kennecott over the last 3040 years.
The State Engineer has issued the Final Salt Lake Valley Groundwater Management
Plan. This plan places limits on groundwater withdrawals within specified
management areas of Salt Lake Valley. These limits are for safe yield quantities
that the State Engineer has determined. His authority to administer and limit water
withdrawals based on water right priority dates, together with the Salt Lake Valley
Groundwater Management Plan, provides safeguards against groundwater mining.
6660
6661
6662
6663
6664
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6665 The most recent transient calibration included using calibration
target data as recent as 2001. Upgrades to the current model are ongoing
and variables to the aerial recharge component are being reevaluated. Water
level declines post 1996 were part of these new targets and will continue to
be assessed as new data becomes available.
Upgrades to the current model are ongoing and variables to the aerial
recharge component are being reevaluated. As part of Kennecott’s ongoing
effort, the model is continually undergoing upgrades consistent with
changing regional data. This will allow for simulation results based on
ranges of possible values (as in the case of uncertainty in future aerial
recharge possibilities) and being able to assess multiple scenarios based on
these ranges.
6666 Best available knowledge and estimates from Lambert (1995) and
Hely, Mower and Harr (1971) were used as reference by Kennecott in its
determinations and assumptions for this endeavor. Kennecott pump tests
and other exercises as per the Remedial Investigation provided some
additional knowledge beyond that previously available via USGS and other
resources. However, the scope of work was such that deference to the
aforementioned sources and knowledge base was necessar y. As to the
quantification of the level of uncertainty in the model calibration that can be
attributed to the shortage of data on the steady state of the aquifer, such a
determination would be quite difficult to quantify.
Kennecott used 1965 for its steadystate condition as it was determined to
be the best available condition based on results of the best previous works
by Lambert, from which he derived his conceptual model approach, and
assumptions from previous work done by Hely, Mower and Harr and
publications of the United States Geological Survey. In essence, by around
1968, it was viewed that there was finally enough data gathered to make an
estimate at a potentiometric surface and it was determined that the greater
Salt Lake basin as a whole was as close to a steady state condition as would
be possible given the circumstances with respect to historical and available
data.
6667 The unconfined aquifer was modeled as per best available field data
tests conducted by Kennecott and others. As such, the model was
constructed to simulate upward hydraulic gradients for the greater
unconfined aquifer. Hydrogeologically speaking, it is believed that impact
due to contamination from the unconfined to the confined aquifer would be
an exception, and not the rule, which is why these gradients were modeled
accordingly with regard to the unconfined region.
6665
6666
6667
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6668 Again, upgrades to the current model are ongoing and variables such
as aerial recharge are continually reevaluated. The most recent transient
calibration included using target data as recent as 2001 and water level
declines were included as part of this process. As part of Kennecott’s
continued effort, the model is continually undergoing upgrades consistent
with changing regional data. Future simulation results with regard to
recharge will be investigated via ranges of possible values resulting in being
able to assess multiple scenarios.
6669 It appears that the question is in regards to the Salt Lake Valley
GroundWater Management PlanFinal Draft, April 9, 2001.Because no
Item 3.0#4c could be found in that plan, it is assumed the commenter is
referring to 2.3 #4c of the plan. Item 2.3#4c states: "Additional ground
water withdrawals will not significantly reduce water levels, degrade the
water quality, or otherwise negatively impact the aquifer". The project
outlined by the Joint Proposal will reduce water levels in some areas.
Under Item 2.2.4 of the Final Draft of the management plan, Kennecott is
allowed to remove contamination associated with mining. Kennecott has
committed to assist affected water users. Based upon Item 2.2.4, the Salt
Lake Valley GroundWater Management Plan does allow Kennecott to
remove the affected water and assist in the mitigation of those well owners
that may be affected.
6670 The unconfined aquifer was modeled as per best available field data
tests conducted by Kennecott and best available data as per previously cited
works. Again, as such, the model was constructed to simulate upward
hydraulic gradients for the greater unconfined aquifer. Hydrogeologically
speaking, it is believed that impact due to contamination from the
unconfined to the confined aquifer would be an exception and not the rule.
6671 Although the primary goal of the modeling effort is focused around
the Bingham Creek remedial effort, attention was paid to a great many
aspects of the regional model, and effort was taken to assess and incorporate
as accurate a representation of the hydrogeology into the Kennecott model,
particularly with regard to USGS and other accepted data, as possible. The
effects of the remedial plan and impacts to the surrounding environment
will continue to be of interest with respect to the modeling process, and will
continue to be a part of the evolving evaluation process.
6672 Additional research will not necessarily provide a better model but
additional data inputs, as the data become available, will assure best results
and the most accurate representation. This is common practice with models
and based upon sound science.
6668
6669
6670
6671
6672
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6673 Drought and wet cycles have occurred and will occur in the future.
The Salt Lake Valley Groundwater Management Plan provides a means for
the State Engineer to deal with these issues.
6674 the Salt Lake Valley Groundwater Management Planthe balance of
supply and demand. Implementation of the proposed project is not
necessary for land development by KUCC or Rio Tinto.
6675 In approving a treatment approach, the State Trustee for Natural
Resource Damages has to be assured that the method will be effective and
efficient at treating the sulfate contaminated water and providing a
sustainable source of municipal quality water. The use of reverse osmosis
technology to treat the sulfatecontaminated water has been well
documented and demonstrated to be a reliable method of water treatment.
As the project moves forward, the process of extraction, treatment and
provision of municipal quality water from the contaminant plumes will be
optimized at times to assure that the contaminants in the aquifer are being
removed in the shortest time frame possible. Kennecott and JVWCD may
evaluate future technologies and make revisions as appropriate.
6673
6674
6675
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6676 During the remedial investigation under CERCLA, Kennecott, with oversight
from the Technical Review Committee (TRC), develop a numerical simulation of
ground water flow in the Southwestern Jordan Valley, Utah (Appendix G of the
Remedial Investigation Report, March 1998). As stated in Section 0.0 Executive
Summary, the ground water model allowed Kennecott to analyze flow paths and
ground water velocities and evaluate remedial options for the Remedial
Investigation/Feasibility Study (RI/FS). The study further investigated the migration
of storm and mine waste waters which leaked from the former Bingham Creek
Reservoir, by coupling the ground water flow solution with a contaminate transport
code (MT3D). The results of this study were presented to the TRC during 1997
1998, culminating in a final report accepted by EPA and the Utah Department of
Environmental Quality (DEQ).
It is noted generally that ground water flows west to east, from the Oquirrh
Mountain front to the Jordan River. Localized deviations of this flow pattern
generally are caused by extraction programs (i.e., municipal well fields), which can
change the direction of flow by creating localized elevation changes, which effect
the hydraulic gradient of the localized aquifer. It is reported that the average
horizontal ground water velocity is about 550 feet per year.
Since this initial report, Kennecott has revised this numerical simulation as part of
additional studies related to the RI/FS. As reported in Appendix D of the NRD
Proposal, the optimization of the model has included continuous updates of the
model parameters and data in order to allow Kennecott to more accurately analyze
ground water flow and contaminant migration. Some of the improvements
represented in the current model presented in Appendix D include the incorporation
of a headdependent boundary along the western edge of the model that replaced the
constant flux boundary used in the original model. The eastern model boundary was
expanded from the Jordan River east to the base of the Wasatch Mountains. The
current modeling predictions are presented in Section 3.0 Current Modeling Results,
Appendix D of the NRD Proposal. Results of the modeling are also discussed
briefly in Appendix A of the NRD Proposal.
The TRC is comprised of Federal, State and local regulators and policy makers,
academic specialists, and community representatives. As part of reviewing and
approving the model and the modeling runs, the United States Geologic Survey,
Utah State Engineer’s office, Division of Water Quality – Ground Water Protection
Program, and other specialists reviewed the parameters and results and generally
agreed with the findings. The coupling of the model with a contaminate migration
code has allowed Kennecott to predict its ability to provide containment and prevent
the migration of the plume, through reduction of the mass of contaminates (this
information is discussed in the NRD Proposal Section 6.3 and in Appendix D).
It is noted that models are only as good as the information that is input to the model.
Kennecott has agreed to present modeling information each year during the annual
review of project activities and will continue to collect modeling information
throughout the year to best optimize the extraction, containment and reduction of
contaminated water in the Affected Area. The annual reports will be posted on the
DEQ website for public review.
6676
6677
6678
6679
6680
6681
6682
Letter 0366 (cont) Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6677 The project outlined by the Joint Proposal is designed to provide the affected
public with drinking water through treatment of contaminated water consistent with
the terms of the Consent Decree. The project is based on extensive studies of the
water resources under the direction of the State, EPA and Technical Review
Committee. A primary objective of the remedial action and the design of the
proposed treatment system is to contain the contamination and keep it from
spreading to other areas. The pumping required to contain the plume may result in
draw down of some other wells. Private well owner impacts by water levels in Zone
A that are specifically related to Kennecott will be evaluated using the procedure
identified in meetings with well owners. Further action will be based on the
evaluation on a case by case basis, and could include replacement water, deepening
of wells, or undersink RO treatment units.
See the Response to Common Comment 10 regarding individual well owner
concerns.
The commenter is concerned that in some manner this project will take away the
rights of the individual water right holder in the Affected Area. Individual water
rights are not being taken by any entity involved in this project. As required by the
Consent Decree, Kennecott and the JVWCD are using their own water rights as part
of their commitment to provide treated municipal quality water to the public in the
Affected.
The Groundwater Management Plan goals are stated in the plan document.
6678 Potential remedies available to a well owner will be addressed on a caseby
case basis.
6679 All of the water extracted for treatment within Zones A and B will be
extracted through valid water rights that Kennecott and JVWCD currently hold for
Zone A and Zone B respectively. Third party water rights are not involved.
One of the provisions for a full reduction of the Letter of Credit requires that
municipal quality water come from the treatment of contaminated water located in
Zone A and B, in conjunction with the delivery of the treated water via a purveyor
with the water rights to bring used the water in the affected area. Both Kennecott
and the District worked with the Utah Division of Water Rights to reassign water
rights both entities have owned historically and used in the past for the development
of either production water or drinking water (respectively). Except for the District’s
shallow ground water development project (of which this proposal utilizes five wells
to make up lost water, i.e., “Lost Use project”), no new well applications were filed
to facilitate the proposed extraction activities. Only change applications (for
existing water rights) were necessary to provide the amount of water from the two
contaminated zones, necessary to meet the requirements of the Consent Decree.
6683
6684
6685
Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
Suspected impacts to the quantity of water available and provided under an assigned
water rights are proposed for evaluation and remediation by Kennecott or the
District, as discussed in the response to comments 121 in this section.
One of the provisions for a full reduction of the Letter of Credit requires that
municipal quality water come from the treatment of contaminated water located in
Zone A and B, in conjunction with the delivery of the treated water via a purveyor
with the water rights to bring used the water in the affected area. Both Kennecott
and the District worked with the Utah Division of Water Rights to reassign water
rights both entities have owned historically and used in the past for the development
of either production water or drinking water (respectively). Except for the District’s
shallow ground water development project (of which this proposal utilizes five wells
to make up lost water, i.e., “Lost Use project”), no new well applications were filed
to facilitate the proposed extraction activities. Only change applications (for
existing water rights) were necessary to provide the amount of water from the two
contaminated zones, necessary to meet the requirements of the Consent Decree.
Suspected impacts to the quantity of water available and provided under an assigned
water rights are proposed for evaluation and remediation by Kennecott or the
District, as discussed in the response to comments 121 in this section.
6680 As noted before, the ground water system in the Southwestern Jordan
Valley has been and will continue to be study to assess the potential for
contaminant migration. To perform this review, Kennecott has and will
continue to gather information pertaining to ground water flow, velocity,
hydraulic gradient, elevation changes, etc. It is not the intent of Kennecott,
or the District to have this project adversely affect other private well
owners, but it is recognized that there may be impacts. Both Kennecott and
the District have developed a method to address quantity and quality
impacts suspected to be caused by this treatment project. Please review the
response to Comment No.’s 120 of Section IX for further detail.
6681 The Consent Decree and the supporting document explain how the damages
were calculated. After extensive negotiations and public comment, the Consent
Decree was approved by the Federal District Court. The Joint Proposal is based on
reverse osmosis technology because the technology is available and proven. The
Trustee could not approve a proposal based on a technology that had not been
proven through testing and fullscale, ongoing operation. The Trustee agrees that it
would be unwise to utilize technology from 2004 for the next forty years, if a better,
more cost effective technology becomes available. However, it is impossible to
predict how changes in water treatment technology may affect the costs or impacts
of the project. Is it fair to assume that as the water treatment plants operate in the
future, Kennecott and JVWCD will incorporate new technologies because of
changing economics and changing regulatory requirements.
6682 As new information becomes available, and is pertinent to the modeling of
plume characteristics, Kennecott, DEQ and EPA will appropriately adjust the
modeling parameters to include the new information
Comments to Letter 0366 (cont)
6683 Water rights in the southwest portion of the valley are restricted from
impairing other water rights without just compensation in accordance with state
statute.
6684 The restrictions placed on the Vitro Tailings and Sharon Steel areas are
designed to prevent shallow aquifer contamination from being drawn down into the
principal aquifer. Similarly, the southwest remediation area also prohibits new wells
that would cause the contamination to spread. Wells located in the remediation area,
but screened at certain depths or restricted to certain pumping rates, could provide
adequate water without causing the plume to spread. This provision of the
management plan attempts to balance the stated purpose of preventing
contamination from spreading with the objective of allowing for maximum use of
the groundwater resource.
6685 Several waterlevel data collection programs are underway in areas of the
groundwater plume area. A tremendous amount of baseline data has already been
collected. Data collected as part of these programs will be used to evaluate
hydraulic changes in and around the contaminant plume as remediation progresses.
Over 300 wells are proposed for water level monitoring, and over 100 wells have
been selected for longterm water quality sampling.
Letter 0367 Comments for Letter 0367
671 See the Response to Common Comment No. 3.
672 See the Response to Common Comment No.8. Note that JVWCD has
withdrawn its UPDES.
671
672
Letter 0367 (cont) Comments for letter 0367 (cont)
673 As indicated in the Responses to Common Comments Nos. 6 and 7, the
tailings impoundment is the proposed disposal site for Zone A concentrates and two
of the disposal options for Zone B concentrates.
674 The Farmington Bay study and the recentlyestablished Great Salt Lake Water
Quality Steering Committee are two important stakeholder efforts for understanding
and longrange management of the Great Salt Lake ecosystem.
675 See the response to Common Comment No. 9.
673
674
675
Letter 0367 (cont) Comments to Letter 0367 (cont)
676 See the Response to Common Comment No. 8.
677 The work that JVWCD did, including recommendations from the Stakeholder
Forum, represents a situation where new and arguably better options were
developed. See the Response to Common Comment No. 8 for further information.
678 Evaluation of selenium concentrations and wildlife will likely be a component
of the GSL standards work.
679 The permit has been withdrawn.
676
677
678
679
Letter 0367 (cont) Comments for Letter 0367 (cont)
6710 The information in this letter will be provided to the Great Salt Lake Water
Quality Steering Committee as part of their work on a selenium standard for the
Great Salt Lake. See also the Response to Common Comment No. 9.
6911 Comment is noted. See response to Common Comment No. 8.
6910
6911
Letter 0367 (cont) Comments to Letter 0367 (cont)
6712 See Response to Common Comment No. 8.
6713 See the Response to common Comment No. 8.
6712
6713
Letter 0367 (cont) Comments to Letter 0367 (cont)
Letter 0368 Comments for Letter 0368
Letter 0368(cont) Comments to Letter 0368 (cont)
681 As indicated in the Response to Common Comment No. 8, Jordan Valley
Water conservancy District has withdrawn its discharge permit for the Jordan River.
Response to Common Comment No. 9 describes additional studies of the Great Salt
Lake.
681
Letter 0369 Comments to Letter 0369
691 The discharge permit to the Jordan River has been withdrawn. See the
Response to Common Comment No. 8 for additional information.
691
Letter 0370 Comments to letter 0370
701 As noted in the Response to Common Comment No. 8, Jordan River Water
Conservancy District has withdrawn the discharge permit.
701
Letter 0370 (cont) Comments to letter 0370 (cont)
702 Other alternatives are being considered and work has been initiated to evaluate
a selenium standard for the Great Salt Lake. See Responses to Common Comments
Nos. 9, 7, and 6.
702
Letter 0371 Comments to Letter 0371
711 See the response to Common Comment No. 1. Note that public
outreach and review have been increased through the Stakeholder Forum
and the Joint Proposal has been revised. See also the Response to Common
Comment No.9 regarding the work to establish a selenium standard for the
Great Salt Lake.
711
Letter 0371 (cont) Comments to Letter 0371 (cont)
Letter 0371 (cont) Comments to Letter 0371 (cont)
Letter 0371 (cont) Comments to Letter 0371 (cont)
Letter 0371 (cont) Comments to Letter 0371 (cont)
712 See the Response to Common Comment No.8 regarding changes to
the proposed project.
712
Letter 0371 (cont) Comments to Letter 0371 (cont)
713 See the Response to Common Comment No. 9. 713
Letter 0371 (cont) Comments to Letter 0371 (cont)
714 See the Response to Common Comment No. 7 regarding use of the
tailings impoundment for concentrate disposal. The tailings would be
deposited in the North Expansion Impoundment which has been engineered
to maintain stability. The impoundment is also managed to minimize
erosion.
715 There will be no discharge of concentrates to the Jordan River.
716 See the Response to Common Comment No. 3
714
715
716
Letter 0371 (cont) Comments to Letter 0371 (cont)
716 See the Response to Common Comment No. 1 regarding improved
public outreach.
717 See the Response to Common Comment No.8.
718 The Joint Proposal has been revised to provide options for disposal
and eliminate discharge to the Jordan River.
719 This Natural Resource Damage cleanup proposal does not require and
Environmental Impact Statement, but there has been extensive review of the
plan, including reviews by the Stakeholderbased Technical Advisor y
Committee, and the Department of Environmental Quality will oversee the
cleanup.
716
717
718
719
Letter 0371 (cont) Comments to Letter 0371 (cont)
7110 The ongoing work of the Technical Review Committee, the recently
established Great Salt Lake Water Quality Steering Committee studies, and
the Southwest Jordan Valley Stakeholder Forum provide opportunities for
technical studies, evaluations and public involvement.
7110
Letter 0371 (cont) Comments to Letter 0371 (cont)
7111 The concern is noted.
7112 Response Comments regarding this letter are provided as part of this
Comment Response Summary.
7113 See the Response to Common Comment No. 1.
7111
7112
7113
Letter 0371 (cont) Comments to Letter 0371 (cont)
7114 See the Responses to Common Comments No. 2 and 9 regarding the
evaluations and options which have been and will be evaluated as the
cleanup proceeds. The cleanup needs to proceed in order to remove
contamination and limit migration of the plume.
7114
Letter 0371 (cont) Comments to Letter 0371 (cont)
Letter 0371 (cont) Comments to Letter 0371 (cont)
Letter 0372 Comments to Letter 0372
721 There will be no discharge of concentrates to the Jordan River; see the
Response to Common comment No. 8.
722 Jordan Valley Water Conservancy District and Kennecott have taken
additional time to identify options for disposal of RO concentrates, as
discussed in the Response to Common Comment No. 6.
721
722
Letter 0373 Comments to Letter 0373
Letter 0373 (cont) Comments to Letter 0373 (cont)
731 A copy of the proposal has been provided to Jordan Valley Water
Conservancy District and Kennecott for their consideration. Also see
Response to Common Comment No. 4 regarding use of other technologies
for water treatment.
731
Letter 0373 (cont) Comments to Letter 0373 (cont)
Letter 0373 (cont) Comments to Letter 0373 (cont)
Letter 0373 (cont) Comments to Letter 0373 (cont)
Letter 0373 (cont) Comments to Letter 0373 (cont)
Letter 0374 Comments to Letter 0374
741 See Response to Common Comment No. 8. Jordan Valley Water
Conservancy District has withdrawn its discharge permit.
742 See Responses to Common Comments Nos. 6 and 9 regarding options
for managing reverse osmosis concentrates.
741
742
Letter 0374 (cont) Comments to Letter 0374 (cont)
743 See Response to Common Comment No. 3
743