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Home My WebLink AboutDSHW-2024-007128 Attachment 15 THERMAL TREATMENT UNIT GROUNDWATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-1 Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................. 15-3 2.0 THERMAL TREATMENT UNIT AND LANDFILL 5 DESCRIPTION ............................ 15-3 2.1 Site History .................................................................................................... 15-3 2.2 Site Description .............................................................................................. 15-3 3.0 REQUIRED PROGRAMS .................................................................................................... 15-5 3.1 Detection Monitoring ..................................................................................... 15-5 4.0 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS ................................................................... 15-6 5.0 HAZARDOUS CONSTITUENTS/INDICATOR PARAMETERS TO BE MONITORED 15-6 6.0 SCHEDULE ........................................................................................................................... 15-9 7.0 PROCEDURES...................................................................................................................... 15-9 7.1 Installation/Site Access .................................................................................. 15-9 7.2 Documentation ............................................................................................... 15-9 7.2.1 Field Logbooks ................................................................................... 15-10 7.2.2 Sampling Field Forms ........................................................................ 15-11 7.3 Pre-Sampling Procedures ............................................................................. 15-11 7.4 Equipment Calibration ................................................................................. 15-12 7.5 Groundwater Purging ................................................................................... 15-12 7.6 Sample Collection ........................................................................................ 15-17 7.7 Sample Handling and Transport .................................................................. 15-17 7.7.1 Sample Containers .............................................................................. 15-17 7.7.2 Numbering and Labeling .................................................................... 15-18 7.7.3 Chain-of-Custody ............................................................................... 15-19 7.7.4 Sample Preservation/Storage.............................................................. 15-19 7.7.5 Custody Seals ..................................................................................... 15-20 7.7.6 Sample Transport ............................................................................... 15-20 7.8 Equipment Decontamination ....................................................................... 15-20 8.0 DATA MANAGEMENT..................................................................................................... 15-21 9.0 DATA VALIDATION......................................................................................................... 15-21 10.0 REPORTING ..................................................................................................................... 15-22 10.1 Statistical Approach for Groundwater Analysis ........................................ 15-22 10.2 Contaminant Concentration Limits and Reporting .................................... 15-22 10.3 Cumulative Risk Analysis.......................................................................... 15-22 11.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 15-23 Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-2 List of Appendices Appendix A Sampling Field Forms List of Tables Table 1 Monitoring Program Summary and Schedule Table 2 Monitored Constituents and Methods Table 3 Method Detection Limits and Concentration Limits Table 4 TTU Monitoring Well Completion Data Table 5 Containers, Preservatives, and Holding Times for TTU Groundwater Sampling List of Figures Figure 1 Thermal Treatment Unit Sampling Locations Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-3 1.0 INTRODUCTION This Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) describes the groundwater sampling methodology for the Thermal Treatment Unit (TTU) located at the Utah Test and Training Range - North (UTTR-North). The SAP has been prepared to fulfill requirements of Module III of the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR) (EPA ID: UT0570090001) RCRA Operating Permit (hereinafter, the “Permit”) for the TTU. The SAP was developed to guide field sampling to ensure the collection of representative and defensible groundwater samples that are sufficient to draw statistical conclusions concerning potential contamination. Where applicable, the procedures and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) techniques in the current version of the UTTR Basewide Quality Assurance Project Plan (Basewide QAPP)1, which is based on United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) test methods for evaluating groundwater contamination, are used. 2.0 THERMAL TREATMENT UNIT AND LANDFILL 5 DESCRIPTION 2.1 Site History Hill Air Force Base (HAFB) has been treating solid Pyrotechnics, Energetics, and Propellants (PEP) items at the TTU for more than 30 years using both Open Burn (OB) and Open Detonation (OD) thermal treatment processes. Historically, the TTU has primarily been used to treat large rocket motors. Other materials permitted for treatment at the TTU are listed in Module III of the RCRA Permit. The frequency of treatment varies according to the quantity of munitions declared unserviceable or excess during any given time period. 2.2 Site Description Figure 1 shows the location of the TTU. The TTU occupies approximately two square miles at the north end of the Sink Valley, which slopes gently to the southwest, near Sedal Pass. Landfill 5 is located immediately southwest of the TTU. The TTU area is located approximately five miles northeast of the UTTR-North support facility (Oasis) and 20 miles north of Utah Exit 62 on Interstate 80. Access to the TTU is provided via Box Elder County Road 02230, which runs from Interstate 80 northward to the Union Pacific Railroad work site at Lakeside. The TTU contains four sites used for treating waste ordnance by OB/OD. Sites 1 and 4 are the rocket motor and scrap propellant OB pads. Site 2 consists of three pads used as staging areas for munitions treated by OB/OD in areas adjacent to those pads. Actual OB/OD operations take place on the grounds immediately to the west of each pad. Site 3 is the location of the former munitions burn pan where small arms ammunition, flares, cartridge actuated devices (CADs), and propellant-actuated devices (PADs) were demilitarized by OB. All the OB/OD operations performed at Sites 1, 2, and 4 are conducted by placing waste munitions items on ground level and initiating or detonating the materials to be treated using explosive charges. There are no engineered structures or containment facilities in place at these three sites. 1 The most current version of the UTTR Basewide Quality Assurance Project Plan can be found on the AFCEC Administrative Record Website (https://ar.afcec-cloud.af.mil/). It can be found by going to the website, choosing HAFB from the Installation List, and searching “UTTR Basewide Quality Assurance Project Plan” in the Subject or Title. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-4 Figure 1 Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-5 3.0 REQUIRED PROGRAMS Groundwater monitoring at the TTU wells is governed by a detection monitoring program as outlined in R315-264-98 and R315-264-99. Individual wells are monitored, as specified in Table 1, depending on whether or not contaminants of concern or statistical increases in concentrations of contaminants of concern have been detected at each well. 3.1 Detection Monitoring A detection monitoring program is required at the TTU (Permit Section III.G.3). Detection monitoring requires annual sampling of contaminants of concern as specified in Table 2. The TTU detection monitoring program requires statistical evaluation of data to determine if concentrations of background parameters or contaminants of concern are increasing (Permit Section III.G.3.d). Comparison of analyte concentrations to a list of concentration limits or action levels is also required (Permit Section III.G.3.a.iii). Exceedances of these action levels may trigger compliance monitoring (Permit Section III.G.3.d.ii). Table 1. Monitoring Program Summary and Schedule* Well Monitoring Program Basis Sampling Frequency TTU-1 Detection Monitoring No statistically significant increases or exceedances annual TTU-2 Detection Monitoring No statistically significant increases or exceedances annual *Modification of Table 1 will be considered a Class 1 permit modification with prior approval of the Director as outlined in R315-270-42 Appendix I (C)(2). Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-6 4.0 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS Groundwater samples will be collected from two monitoring wells (TTU-1 and TTU-2) as shown in Figures 1 and 2. The wells are screened to monitor the uppermost water-bearing zone beneath the TTU. The direction of groundwater flow is difficult to determine in this area due to a very low groundwater gradient, a low number of sampling points (two at the TTU), possible completion of the TTU wells in different hydrogeologic units, and significant depth to groundwater below the TTU (CH2M HILL, 2004), which imposes a significant amount of error into the measurement of groundwater depth due to the application of inclination correction factors (URS, 2010). Although the direction of groundwater flow is very difficult to determine in this area, historical groundwater data collected from the TTU wells suggest that local groundwater flows to the east beneath the TTU, (USGS, 2004). The Great Salt Lake and the Great Salt Lake Desert are the two major groundwater discharge basins in the region surrounding the TTU (Price and Bolke, 1970). The Great Salt Lake is located to the east and north of the TTU, while the Great Salt Lake Desert is located to the west. Price and Bolke (1970) suggest that groundwater in the Sink Valley flows from the surrounding mountains toward the axis of the valley and then flows in a north-northwest direction toward the Great Salt Lake Desert. Sedal Pass acts as a surface drainage divide between Sink Valley to the southwest and the Great Salt Lake to the east, but it does not appear that there is a similar groundwater divide at Sedal Pass. Groundwater flow beneath the TTU appears to flow toward the Great Salt Lake to the east Wells TTU-1 and TTU-2 are situated approximately up and down-gradient of the TTU, respectively. 5.0 HAZARDOUS CONSTITUENTS/INDICATOR PARAMETERS TO BE MONITORED Hazardous constituents of concern at the TTU are listed in UAC R315-261-1092, Appendix VIII (40 CFR Part 261, Appendix VIII). Table 2 provides the list of constituents that will be monitored under this SAP. The Table 2 constituents have been selected based on: ● Knowledge of past operations at the TTU; ● The types, quantities, and concentrations of constituents likely to be present in the wastes at the TTU; and ● Mobility of waste constituents during vadose zone transport with inclusion of constituents that would be likely to reach groundwater first. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-7 Table 2. Monitored Constituents and Analytical Methods. Numbers of samples to be collected for detection events are shown. Analysis (water) Primary Samples (TTU Wells: TTU-1, TTU- 2) Primary Samples Total QA/QC (field dup, MS/MSD) Explosives 8330 2 2 3 Dissolved Metals-ICP (Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb, Ni, Se, Ag, V, Zn) 6020A 2 2 3 Dissolved Metals-Hg 7470A 2 2 3 General Chemistry-alkalinity SM2320B 2 2 3 General Chemistry-anions 300.0A/SW9056A (Cl, SO4, F) 2 2 3 General Chemistry-nitrate/nitrite SM4500-NO3E 2 2 3 General Chemistry-phosphate SM4500-PE 2 2 3 Total Dissolved Solids-SM2540C 2 2 3 Perchlorate (6850) IC/MS/MS 2 2 3 Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-8 Table 3. Method Detection Limits and Concentration Limits Explosives Residues MDL Conc. Limit† units 1,3,5-Trinitrobenzene SW-846 8330A 0.30 3.38E+03 nc ug/L 1,3-Dinitrobenzene SW-846 8330A 0.10 1.09E+01 nc ug/L 2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene SW-846 8330A 0.10 5.50E+01 nc ug/L 2,4-Dinitrotoluene SW-846 8330A 0.10 9.19E+01 ca ug/L 2,6-Dinitrotoluene SW-846 8330A 0.10 1.85E+01 ca ug/L 2-Amino-4,6-Dinitrotoluene SW-846 8330A 0.10 1.05E+01nc ug/L 2-Nitrotoluene SW-846 8330A 0.10 7.95E+01 nc ug/L 3-Nitrotoluene SW-846 8330A 0.10 8.31E+00 nc ug/L 4-Amino-2,6-Dinitrotoluene SW-846 8330A 0.10 1.05E+01nc ug/L 4-Nitrotoluene SW-846 8330A 0.30 3.44E+02 nc ug/L HMX SW-846 8330A 0.10 5.81E+03 nc ug/L Nitrobenzene SW-846 8330A 0.10 5.64E+01 nc ug/L RDX SW-846 8330A 0.10 4.00E+02ca ug/L Tetryl SW-846 8330A 0.10 2.24E+02 nc ug/L Dissolved Metals MDL Conc. Limit units Aluminum SW-846 6020A 10.0 N/A†† ug/L Arsenic SW-846 6020A 0.100 N/A†† ug/L Barium SW-846 6020A 0.250 N/A†† ug/L Beryllium SW-846 6020A 0.0500 N/A†† ug/L Cadmium SW-846 6020A 0.100 N/A†† ug/L Chromium SW-846 6020A 0.100 N/A†† ug/L Iron SW-846 6020A 5.00 N/A†† ug/L Lead SW-846 6020A 0.0500 N/A†† ug/L Mercury SW-846 7470A 0.054 N/A†† ug/L Nickel SW-846 6020A 0.100 N/A†† ug/L Selenium SW-846 6020A 0.150 N/A†† ug/L Silver SW-846 6020A 0.100 N/A†† ug/L Vanadium SW-846 6020A 0.250 N/A†† ug/L Zinc SW-846 6020A 5.00 N/A†† ug/L General Chemistry MDL Conc. Limit units Total Alkalinity SM2320B 5 N/A†† mg/L Bicarbonate Alkalinity SM2320B 5 N/A†† mg/L Carbonate Alkalinity SM2320B 5 N/A†† mg/L Chloride SW9056 0.05 N/A†† mg/L Fluoride SW9056 0.025 N/A†† ug/L Nitrate+Nitrite SM4500-NO3E 0.01 N/A†† ug/L Total Phosphorus SM4500-PE 0.01 N/A†† mg/L Sulfate SW9056 0.13 N/A†† mg/L Total Dissolved Solids SM2540C 10 N/A†† mg/L Perchlorate SW-846 6850 0.050 N/A†† ug/L †Concentration limits are based on site specific industrial screening levels following the USEPA regional screening level guidance as of June 2017, “ca” indicates the screening level is based on carcinogenic risk and “nc” indicates a non-carcinogenic basis. ††As a potential background parameter (See Sections III.G.3.a.iv and V.J.2), this analyte is subject to the background/trend analysis described in section 10.1 of this attachment. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-9 6.0 SCHEDULE Groundwater sampling will be conducted annually at the TTU for wells under the detection monitoring program, as specified in Table 1. 7.0 PROCEDURES This section describes the procedures that will be used for groundwater measurement, sampling, and analysis. Sample collection and measurement with the associated field and analytical procedures are described in this section. All procedures outlined in this SAP will be performed in accordance with the Basewide QAPP. 7.1 Installation/Site Access At least one week prior to sampling activities, the field sampling contractor will submit a Visit Request Form to the 388th Range Squadron safety officer or CEIE project manager. The Visit Request Form will list all of the required information for each member of the sampling team. The CEIE Project Manager will contact Range Security, Range Control, and the appropriate regulatory agencies before sampling is conducted. All field sampling personnel will be required to sign in at the guard post upon arrival and departure. The sampling team will have a HAFB issued radio with them at all times while on the Range. One person familiar with radio procedures at the UTTR will be present with the sampling team. 7.2 Documentation Field documentation serves as the primary foundation for all field data collected that will be used to evaluate the site. All field documentation shall be accurate, legible, and written in indelible ink. Incorrect entries in the field books, logs, or on forms that need to be deleted shall be crossed out with one line, initialed, and dated. Skipped pages or blank sections at the end of a page shall be crossed out with an "X" covering the entire page or blank section. The responsible field team member shall write his/her signature, date, and time after the day's last entry. To further assist in the organization of the field books, logs, or forms, the date shall be recorded on top of each page along with the significant activity description (e.g., well location). In addition, all original field documentation shall be retained in the project files. The descriptions of field data documentation given below serve as an outline. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-10 7.2.1 Field Logbooks The field logbook shall be a bound, weatherproof book with numbered pages and shall serve primarily as a daily log of the activities carried out during the investigation. The logbook shall serve as a diary of the events of the day. The groundwater sampling team members shall be responsible for recording the following information. • Health and safety activities; • Personnel contamination prevention and decontamination procedures; • Record of daily tailgate safety meetings; • Weather; • Calibration of field equipment; • Equipment decontamination procedures; • Personnel on job site and time spent on the site; • Disposal of contaminated wastes, including personal protective equipment (PPE), paper towels, etc.; • Site name/well number; • Water levels, including time and datum that water levels are measured (i.e., top of casing); • Well purging information with the following information: ▪ Visual and olfactory observations, ▪ Measured field parameters (temperature, pH, and specific conductance), ▪ Amount of water purged, ▪ Purgewater disposal/containment (Baker tank/drums, number used, identification, etc.); and • Well sampling information: ▪ Number of samples collected and type of containers used, ▪ Date and time of sample collection, ▪ Type of analyses requested, ▪ QA/QC samples collected, including names given to blind samples, ▪ Field observations, ▪ Problems encountered and corrective actions taken, ▪ Deviations from the sampling plan, ▪ Site visitors. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-11 7.2.2 Sampling Field Forms The groundwater sampling field forms shall be used any time that a well is sampled. An example copy of the groundwater sampling field form is presented in Appendix A. The following information should be recorded on the field form. • Project name, project number, and site; • Well identification number; • Date and time of sampling; • Water level and reference elevation; • Volume of water to be purged; • Pertinent well construction information (e.g., total depth, well diameter, etc.); • Measurement of field parameters, including pH, specific conductance, and temperature, as well as the time of each of the readings; • Type of purging and sampling equipment used; • Type of samples collected; and • Name of sampler. 7.3 Pre-Sampling Procedures Upon arrival at the well and prior to groundwater measurement, purging, or sampling, the sampling personnel shall document any signs of tampering or well deterioration. A depth to groundwater measurement shall be taken using a non-dedicated electronic water level indicator. Electronic water level indicators consist of a spool of graduated tape or small-diameter cable with a weighted probe attached to the end. When the probe comes in contact with the water, an electrical circuit is closed and a meter, light, and/or buzzer attached to the spool signals the contact. A depth to water measurement is read directly off the markings on the cable or tape. To prevent potential cross- contamination between measuring points, the water level indicator will be decontaminated prior to use at each location with paper towels and a solution of AlconoxTM (or equivalent) detergent and water, followed by a triple rinse with deionized water. Field personnel will don a new pair of clean nitrile gloves prior to measuring the groundwater elevation at each location. The following method will be used to measure groundwater elevation: • Verify well identification (ID). Check and ensure proper operation of measurement equipment aboveground. Prior to opening the well, don PPE as required. • Record well number, top of casing elevation, and surface elevation if available. • Lower the probe slowly into the well. Upon contact with water, the buzzer should sound and the indicator light should glow. Raise and lower the probe slightly about the water level a few times to determine accurate point of contact. • Measure and record static water level and total depth to the nearest 0.01 foot (0.3 cm) from the surveyed reference mark on the top edge of the monitoring well. If no reference mark Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-12 is present, record in the logbook where the measurement was taken from (e.g., from the north side of the inner casing) and record the depth to groundwater. • Record the time and day of the measurement. • Raise the water level probe on the spool and decontaminate. 7.4 Equipment Calibration The accuracy, precision, and usefulness of field measurements are dependent on the proper use and care of the field instruments. The instruments shall be handled carefully at the well site and during transport to the field and between sampling sites. Field equipment shall never be left unsecured where it can be lost, stolen, or tampered with. Equipment shall not be left at the UTTR between jobs without the project or equipment manager’s approval and a secure area for storage. All meters shall be calibrated prior to use in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions and the Basewide QAPP. All information regarding meter calibration shall be described in the field logbook or field forms. An example copy of the equipment calibration log is presented in Appendix A. All meters shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s direction, and no meters shall be used unless they are functioning properly. Equipment calibration procedures are outlined in the Basewide QAPP. 7.5 Groundwater Purging All TTU groundwater monitoring wells will be purged prior to sampling to remove stagnant water in the well casing. Purging facilitates the collection of representative groundwater samples by promoting the movement of formation water into the well casing by removing stagnant water within the well. Once purging is complete, formation water will be collected for analysis. Dedicated pump discharge tubing shall be decontaminated prior to purging and sampling. Because of the potential for spreading environmental contamination, proper purge water disposal is a necessary part of well monitoring. All purge water shall be contained in aboveground portable storage tanks. Purge water collected from the TTU monitoring wells may be temporally stored in aboveground storage tanks at the site pending the results of the analytical work with a label “Hazardous Waste, Pending Analysis”, accumulation start date and indication of the potential hazards. If the analytical results indicate that the samples are contaminated, the purge water shall be disposed of off-site at a permitted hazardous waste disposal facility; otherwise, the stored water shall be discharged onto the ground. Water level measurements and water quality parameters, including pH, specific conductance, and temperature shall be collected in the field during groundwater purging and sampling. The water quality parameter measurements shall be conducted in a flow-through cell attached to the discharge line of the pump system. Table 4 summarizes well construction and equipment information for the TTU monitoring wells. Submersible pumps are commonly used in deep monitoring wells for compliance sampling, and prior to 2009, submersible pumps were used in all of the TTU wells. The submersi ble pumps were Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-13 removed from the TTU wells starting in December 2008, and were replaced with dedicated two- inch QED bladder pumps designed for low-flow sampling. In January – February 2019, the QED bladder pump and discharge piping were removed from well TTU-2 and replaced with a dedicated (3-inch, OD) Grundfos submersible sampling pump with (1.25-inch, ID) stainless-steel discharge piping. Two different groundwater purging protocols shall be followed for the two different types of pumps installed at TTU-1 monitoring wells (low-flow, bladder) and TTU-2 (Grundfos, submersible). For the well that has a QED bladder pump, purging and sampling will be conducted according to the procedures for low-flow sampling outlined in SOP-20 of the Basewide QAPP. Pertinent low-flow sampling procedures are summarized below, with more detailed information provided in SOP-20. Purging volumes for wells with dedicated bladder pumps will be calculated by adding the volume of purge water in the tubing and pump and multiplying the total volume by two. Calculations and the total purge volumes shall be entered in the field logbook or groundwater sampling log. The following equation can be used to calculate the volume of purge water for the wells with bladder pumps: Total Purge Volume: Vt = 2 × ((Lt × π×(Dt/24)2 + Vp) ×28.32 liters/ft3) Where: Vt = Total Purge Volume (mL) Lt = Length of Tubing (ft) Dt = Inner Diameter of Tubing (inches) Vp = Volume of Pump (ft3) Protocol for purging these wells is as follows: ● The static groundwater level will be measured. ● The volume of water in the pump and tubing will be calculated. The minimum volume to be purged from the well is two times the volume of the tubing and pump. See equation above. ● The criteria that must be met before sampling include stabilized water quality parameters at each monitoring point. Initial purging rates will be set and adjusted to meet the Basewide QAPP drawdown criterion of less than 0.3 foot. If these criteria are met, the monitoring point will be sampled when the water quality parameters stabilize, as discussed in following step. ● During purging, measure the following groundwater quality parameters for stabilization: pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, ORP, and dissolved oxygen. The parameters shall be considered stable when three consecutive readings, collected at intervals of at least five minutes, are within: − Conductivity ±10% − pH ±0.2 units − Temperature ±1 degree Celsius Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-14 − Dissolved Oxygen ±0.2 milligrams per liter (mg/l) − ORP ±10 millivolts − Turbidity <5 NTU ● If the monitoring point drawdown cannot be limited to 0.3 foot, the purging will be stopped long enough to allow the monitoring point to recharge, and the purge rate will be lowered, if possible. Following recharge to a level above 0.2 foot of drawdown, purging will restart. This procedure will continue as long as a minimum of 1 liter of groundwater is removed every 20 minutes (approximately 50 milliliters per minute [mL/min]). The monitoring point will then be sampled when the water quality parameters stabilize, as discussed in bullet 5. ● If one liter of groundwater cannot be removed every 20 minutes or it is apparent that one liter of groundwater will not be able to be purged from the monitoring point in 20 minutes, the monitoring point will be pumped at the lowest flow rate possible (at least 50 mL/min) and the drawdown measured and documented at the same time the water quality parameters are measured, or as often as necessary to determine drawdown stabilization. Because the flow from a bladder pump is cyclical, the drawdown will be measured just before the pump is pressurized. This is the period when the recharge is considered to be at the maximum level. These measurements will be used to determine whether the drawdown has stabilized. Drawdown will be considered stabilized when three consecutive measurements are within 0.1 foot and a stable trend is observed. Purging rates may be able to be increased once drawdown stabilizes due to an increased hydraulic gradient. Following drawdown stabilization, the monitoring point will be sampled when the water quality parameters stabilize for three consecutive readings, as discussed in bullet 5. ● The monitoring point will be considered ready for sampling when a minimum of two purge volumes (two times the volume of the pump and tubing) have been removed and the purge water measurements for temperature, pH, specific conductivity, turbidity, ORP, and dissolved oxygen are considered stable as specified above. If these conditions are not met, purging will continue until a maximum of two additional purge volumes are removed. If any of the parameters are not stabilized after removing the additional purge volumes, the contractor Project Manager will be consulted to determine whether further purging is necessary or whether sampling can be initiated. If the monitoring point is sampled without meeting the parameter stabilization criteria, the reason for not meeting the criteria will be assessed and documented in the field book in each case. In addition, a discussion of all such instances will be provided in the individual sampling data validation reports. ● The monitoring point will be sampled at the same flow rate at which the monitoring point was purged or lower. At a minimum, monitoring points will be sampled at a flow rate that generates enough volume to fill a 40-milliliter (mL) sample vial in a single cycle approximately 50 mL/min). For wells that have dedicated Grundfos submersible pumps installed, purging and sampling will be conducted according to the procedures for electric submersible pumps outlined in SOP-20 of the Basewide QAPP. Pertinent sampling procedures are summarized below, with more detailed information provided in SOP-20. Borehole volumes shall be calculated as described below. Calculations and the total purge volumes shall be entered in the field logbook or groundwater sampling log. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-15 2 ● Obtain all available information on well construction (e.g., location, casing, screen, total depth; see Table 4). ● Determine well or casing diameter. ● Measure and record static water level (depth below surveyed measuring point). ● Calculate the purge water volume using the following formula: Total Purge Volume: Vt = 3(Vc + Van) x 7.48 gal/ft3 Where: Vt = Total Purge Volume (gals) Vc = Volume of water in well casing (ft3) Va = Volume of water in well annulus (ft3) n = Estimated porosity of sand pack (usually 30%) 7.48 = conversion factor from cubic feet to gallons Casing Volume: Vc = πr12h1 Where: Vc = Casing Volume (ft3) r1 = Inside radius of monitoring well casing (ft) h1 = Height of water column (i.e., total well depth minus static water level depth) (ft) Annular Volume: Va = π(r22 – r1 ) h2 Where: Va = Annular volume (ft3) r2 = Radius of borehole (ft) r1 = Outside radius of well casing (ft) h2 = Total vertical saturated thickness of sand pack (ft) Pre-sampling purging will be considered complete for wells that have dedicated Grundfos submersible pumps when three borehole volumes have been evacuated from the well, and when three consecutive measurements (collected at least one-half a borehole volume apart) do not change by more than the following: - pH ±0.2 units - Specific conductance ±10% - Temperature ±1 degree Celsius When evacuating low yield wells (wells that pump or bail dry), the well shall be evacuated to dryness once (USEPA, 1986). Sampling shall be conducted when the well recovers to 90 percent of the pre-purge water column. If, under special circumstances, the well does not recover to 90 percent within a normal workday, the well may be allowed to recover overnight and be sampled th e following morning. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-16 Table 4 TTU Monitoring Well Completion Data Well Location ID Date Drilled Total Depth2 (feet BGS) Local NGVD 29 US Foot Elevation1 (TOC) Approx. Water Level (feet below TOC) Inclination Correction Factor3 (ft) Boring Diameter (inches) Screen Interval (feet BGS) Casing/ Screen Diameter (inches) Casing/ Screen Type Pump Type Intake Depth (feet BGS) Discharge Piping Water Level Access Piping Control Box Last Pump Replace- ment TTU-1 1990 706 4859.91 650 -1.33 10-12 680-690 6 Stainless Steel QED ST1102M 687 3/8-inch OD Teflon-lined Polyethylene None QED MP10UH July 2015 TTU-2 1990 609 4722.11 510 -0.38 10-12 574-584 6 Stainless Steel Grundfos, 3- inch, submersible 583 1.25-inch ID Stainless Steel 1-inch Flush Threaded Sch. 40 PVC Grundfos CU 300 February 2019 Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-17 7.6 Sample Collection Groundwater sampling will be conducted after the purging of the well is complete. All purging and sampling equipment shall be decontaminated prior to purging and sampling and between sampling locations (non-dedicated equipment). Temperature, pH, specific conductance, turbidity, ORP, and dissolved oxygen shall be measured immediately prior to sample collection. All groundwater sample data and information collected in the field shall be recorded in the field logbook or on a sampling log. If applicable, the pump discharge shall be reduced to minimize agitation or aeration of the sample. The sample containers shall be filled in order from the least to the most stable compounds. Sufficient volume shall be collected so that the scheduled analysis can be performed. The sample containers do not need to be filled to eliminate headspace, except for volatiles that must be sampled with no headspace. Based on USEPA guidance (USEPA, 1986), sample bottles shall be filled in the following order: • Volatiles and Explosives • Total Metals • General Chemistry (including Perchlorate) 7.7 Sample Handling and Transport 7.7.1 Sample Containers The sample containers to be used shall be dependent on the sample matrix and analyses desired. Containers to be used for various analyses are described in Table 5. Once opened, the containers shall be used immediately. When storing before and after sampling, the containers shall remain separate from solvents and other volatile organic materials. Containers shall be kept in a cool, dry place until taken to the job site. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-18 Table 5. Containers, Preservatives, and Holding Times for TTU Groundwater Sampling Site Analytical Method Container* Preservative Holding Time TTU Explosives, 8330A 2-1 L amber 4° C, dark 7 days TTU Metals-ICP (Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb, Ni, Se, Ag, V, Zn), 6020A 250 ml plastic HNO3 180 days TTU Metals (Hg), 7470A 250 ml plastic pH<2, HNO3 28 days TTU General Chemistry-alkalinity, SM2320B 1L plastic Cool, 4° C 14 days TTU General Chemistry-anions (Cl, SO4, F), 300.0/SW9056A 500 ml plastic Cool, 4° C 28 days (2 days for NO3, NO2, PO4) TTU General Chemistry- nitrate/nitrite, SM4500-NO3E 125 ml plastic Cool, 4° C, H2SO4, pH<2 28 days TTU General Chemistry Phosphate, SM4500PE 125 ml plastic Cool, 4° C, H2SO4, pH<2 28 days TTU Total Dissolved Solids, SM2540C 1L plastic Cool, 4° C 7 days TTU Perchlorate, 6850 500 ml plastic Cool, 4° C 28 days *Container volumes may vary depending on laboratory preference 7.7.2 Numbering and Labeling A unique sample identification number shall be developed for all groundwater samples submitted for analysis. A sample label shall be affixed to all sample containers. Labels provided by the laboratory or another supplier may be used, and at a minimum shall include the following information: • Sample identification number; • Date and time of sample collection; • Type of sample (grab or composite); • Initials of sampler; • Preservative used; and • Sample Analysis Method. This information shall be written in indelible ink. After labeling, each sample shall be refrigerated or placed in a cooler containing ice to chill and maintain samples at a temperature of approximately four degrees Celsius. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-19 7.7.3 Chain-of-Custody Chain-of-Custody (COC) procedures allow for the tracking of possession and handling of individual samples from the time of field collection through laboratory analysis. Documentation of custody is accomplished through a COC record that lists each sample and the individuals responsible for sample collection, transport, and receipt. A sample is considered in custody if it is: • In a person's possession; or • In view after being in physical possession; or • Locked or sealed so that no one can tamper with it after it has been in an individual's physical custody; or • In a secured area, restricted to authorized personnel. A COC record is used to record the samples taken and the analyses requested. Information recorded by field personnel on the COC record shall include the following: • Client name; • Project name; • Project location; • Sample location; • Signature of sampler(s); • Sample identification number; • Date and time of collection; • Sample designation (grab or composite); • Sample matrix; • Signature of individuals involved in custody transfer (including date and time of transfer); • Type of analysis and laboratory method number; and • Any comments regarding individual samples (e.g., organic vapor meter readings, special instructions). When the sample(s) are transferred, both the receiving and relinquishing individuals shall sign the record. The sampler shall retain copies of the COC record. If the COC records are sequentially numbered, the record number shall be cross-referenced in the field logbook. 7.7.4 Sample Preservation/Storage The requirements for sample preservation are dependent on the desired analyses and the sample matrix. Sample preservation requirements will be performed as required by the analytical method and as presented in Table 4. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-20 7.7.5 Custody Seals Custody seals shall be used on each shipping container to ensure custody. Custody seals consist of security tape placed over the lid of each cooler containing samples, with the initials of the sampler and the date written on the tape. The tape shall be affixed such that the seal must be broken to gain access to the contents. Custody seals shall be placed on coolers prior to the sampling team's release to a second or third party (e.g., delivery to the laboratory). 7.7.6 Sample Transport Groundwater samples will be shipped by overnight carrier to the analytical laboratory. The following procedures will be followed for sample transport to the analytical laboratory: • Sample labels shall be completed and attached to sample containers as described in Section 7.7.2. • The samples shall be placed upright in a waterproof plastic ice chest or cooler. • Wet ice in double Ziploc™ bags (to prevent leakage) shall be placed around, among, and on top of the sample bottles. Enough ice shall be used to chill and maintain samples at four degrees Celsius (± two degrees Celsius) during transport to the laboratory. Dry ice shall not be used. • To prevent the sample containers from shifting inside the cooler, the remaining space in the cooler shall be filled with inert cushioning material, such as shipping peanuts, additional bubble pack, or cardboard dividers. • The original copy of the completed COC record shall accompany the samples to the laboratory. • A copy of the COC record shall be retained for the project files. 7.8 Equipment Decontamination The following procedure will be used to decontaminate non-dedicated sampling equipment that may come into contact with groundwater samples. To minimize decontamination procedures in the field, dedicated equipment shall be used wherever feasible. The following procedure will be used to decontaminate non-dedicated equipment: • Wash and scrub equipment with phosphate-free laboratory-grade detergent (e.g. AlconoxTM or equivalent), steam cleaning may also be performed if possible; • Triple-rinse with distilled water; • Personnel involved in decontamination activities shall wear appropriate PPE, including nitrile gloves. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-21 8.0 DATA MANAGEMENT Data management tasks associated with this project will include the transfer of electronic data between analytical laboratories and the data manager, the data manager and the data validation staff, and the data manager and the HAFB Hazardous Waste Program Manager. To facilitate efficient data flow, the Air Force Environmental Resources Program Information Management System (ERPIMS) will be used as the basis for data management. The ERPIMS format provides a set of codes and structure for data deliverables. Data management will be performed in the following sequence: • The field sampling team will obtain samples according to the Basewide QAPP. • The samples obtained during the day will be continuously logged on a COC form. • The COCs will be delivered to the data manager who will enter the data from the COCs into the database. The data manager will then track the status of the analytical samples. Water level measurements will be corrected using correction factors determined from inclination surveys conducted in each well. These data are provided in Inclination Survey of Thermal Treatment Unit Monitoring Wells TTU1 and TTU2 (CH2M HILL, 2001). 9.0 DATA VALIDATION Data validation will follow the requirements as specified in the Basewide QAPP and the following USEPA documents: ● Contract Laboratory Program National Functional Guidelines for Organic Data Review, November 2020. ● Contract Laboratory Program National Functional Guidelines for Inorganic Data Review, November 2020. A USEPA Level III QA/QC review of all analytical data will be performed to ensure that data quality objectives are met. Validation of the laboratory reports and sample custody documentation will be performed for all of the laboratory data. The laboratory reports will be reviewed for the following: • Calibration, • Sample hold times, • Target analyte list, • Reporting limits, • Field and laboratory blanks, • Field duplicates, • Surrogate spikes (organics), • Laboratory control samples, and • Matrix spikes. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-22 A report that summarizes the quality control efforts and the results of data validation for this project will be submitted to the Director. The report will evaluate the effect of the quality control data on the project samples and the overall quality and usability of the data. In addition, validation flags will be entered directly into the ERPIMS database. 10.0 REPORTING Upon receipt of the validated data, a sampling and analysis report will be prepared that describes the activity and presents the analytical data. Comparisons will be made with previous sampling events, and conclusions and recommendations will be presented as described below. 10.1 Statistical Approach for Groundwater Analysis As a test of background exceedance, the Mann-Kendall statistical test will be applied to the analytical data to determine the occurrence of increasing concentrations over time. The Mann- Kendall test is a non-parametric test that is suitable for non-normal data sets. The test will be performed at the 95-percent confidence level and will be applied to both the control and compliance well data sets. 10.2 Contaminant Concentration Limits and Reporting Concentration limits for individual analytes are listed in Table 3. As specified in Modules III.G.3.d and V.j.2.c of the Permit, the Executive Secretary will be notified of any statistically significant increase or concentration limit exceedance of a monitored contaminant of concern. 10.3 Cumulative Risk Analysis The cumulative excess lifetime cancer risk (ELCR) and hazard index (HI) will be calculated and reported for groundwater from each well where non-background constituents are detected based on the site specific industrial risk parameters for each well under compliance monitoring. ELCR and HI will be calculated using methodologies described in Parts A, B, and F of Risk Assessment Guidelines for Superfund Volume I-Human Health Evaluation Manual (USEPA, 1989, 1991, and 2009) using toxicity values based on the most recent UTTR human health risk assessment evaluation required by Permit section II.F.2. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-23 11.0 REFERENCES CH2M HILL, 2001. Inclination Survey of Thermal Treatment Unit Monitoring Wells TTU1 and TTU2, July 2001. Price, D., and Bolke, E. L., 1970. Hydrologic Reconnaissance of the Sink Valley Area, Tooele and Box Elder Counties, Utah, State of Utah Department of Natural Resources Technical Publication No. 26. URS, 2010. Thermal Treatment Unit and Landfill 5 Groundwater Elevation Error Analysis, June 2010. USEPA, 1986. RCRA Ground-water Monitoring: Technical Enforcement Guidance Document, November 1992. USEPA 1989. Risk assessment guidance for Superfund. Volume I: Human health evaluation manual (Part A). Interim Final. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. EPA/540/1-89/002. USEPA 1991b. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part B, Development of Risk-Based Preliminary Remediation Goals). Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. EPA/540/R-92/003. December 1991. USEPA, 2020. Contract Laboratory Program National Functional Guidelines for Organic Data Review, November 2020. USEPA, 2020. Contract Laboratory Program National Functional Guidelines for Inorganic Data Review, November 2020 USGS, 2003. Semiannual Ground-Water Monitoring at Hill Air Force Base, Utah Test and Training Range, Thermal Treatment Unit, Box Elder County, Utah, April/May 2003. USEPA, 2009. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund Volume I: Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part F, Supplemental Guidance for Inhalation Risk Assessment) Final. OSWER 9285.7- 82. January 2009. USEPA, 2023. Regional Screening Levels (RSLs), EPA Risk Assessment website: (https://epa- prgs.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/chemicals/csl_search) . Accessed January 2023. RSL Calculator: (https://epa-prgs.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/chemicals/csl_search). Accessed January 2023. Utah Department of Environmental Quality, 2023, Solid and Hazardous Waste, Utah Administrative Code, Title R315-265, as in effect January 2023. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-24 Utah Department of Environmental Quality, 2023, Solid and Hazardous Waste, Utah Administrative Code, Title R315-101, as in effect April 2023. URS, 2015. Pre-Design Investigation Data Report, Landfill 5, UTTR Performance-Based Remediation, Hill Air Force Base, Utah, Draft Final, December 2015. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 15- TTU Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 15-25 Appendix A Sampling Field Form Operable Unit: Monitoring Point: Date: Sampler: Weather: Visitors: Boring Dia. Casing Dia. DTW: TD: Pump Intake Depth: Pump Top Depth: Purge/Sampling Method: Vial pH: Depth to Water @Sampling: == Tubing Leng. (ft) Tubing Diameter Factors: 3/8"= 13 ml/ft 1/2"= 20 ml/ft -= - =X +(X )= Scr. Leng. (ft) Casing Vol. Scr. Leng. (ft) Scr. Factor Screen Interval Volume Factors (Cas.Dia/Bor.Dia.)(in): 2/8"= 2.15 gal/ft; 4/10"= 2.93 gal/ft; 4/12"= 4.55 gal/ft; 5"/10"=2.54 gal/ft Site Safety: PPE Disposal: Disposition of Purge Water: 90% Recharge Level: ft Sampling Flow Rate < 100 ml/min? Ferrous Iron (Fe+2) (mg/l) (0.00) Purge Flow Rate (ml (0) or gal per min (0.0)) Turbidity (NTU) (0.0) DO (mg/l) (0.0) Sulfide (mg/l) (0.00) Sulfate (mg/l) (0.00) DO (mg/l) (0.00) Total Iron (Fe) (mg/l) (0.00) Water Colume (ft) Casing Leng. Casing Factor Standard Method: Calculated Purge Volume TD (ft) DTW (ft) Low Flow: Calculated Purge Volume X Casing Volume Above Screen Pump Volume 2 Purge Volume (ml) X Tubing Dia. Factor + Rounded Purge Volume (Rounded up to nearest 100 ml) X 3 = Purge Volume (gal) (0.0) Screen Volume ORP (mV) (0.0) Temp (C) (0.0)Time Purge Vol specify ml or gal Specific Cond. (mS/cm) (0.000)pH (0.0) Chloride (YSI) (mg/l) (0.00) Other Parameters Casing Volume Factors (gal/ft): 2"= 0.17; 4"=0.66; 5"=0.95 Comments (Color/Odor) Ammonia (YSI) (mg/l) (0.000) Nitrate (YSI) (mg/l) (0.000) GW Level (ft below MP) \\Snowbird\proj\HillAFB\Common Files\Field Books PAGE 1 OF 2 Turbidity (NTU) (0.0) DO (mg/l) (0.0) ORP (mV) (0.0) Temp (C) (0.0)Time Purge Vol specify ml or gal Specific Cond. (mS/cm) (0.000)pH (0.0) Chloride (YSI) (mg/l) (0.00) Other Parameters Comments (Color/Odor) Ammonia (YSI) (mg/l) (0.000) Nitrate (YSI) (mg/l) (0.000) GW Level (ft below MP) Time Date Analysis Bottles General Notes: Well Condition: Number of Trip Blank Equipment Blank Sample ID Duplicate Y N Y N Initial ReadingTime Meter: Y N Y N Ammonia Nitrate Chloride Normal Flow-through Cell Calibration DO pH MS/SD ORP Turbidity Spec Cond Calibration DateParameter Calibration within Specifications Field parameters stable? Final ReadingCheck Calibration Standards Y N Y N \\Snowbird\proj\HillAFB\Common Files\Field Books PAGE 2 OF 2 Monitoring Point: Date/Time: Sampler: I.D. Tag Intact: Yes No Need New Lock: Yes No Aboveground Completion: Point Locked: Yes No Point Lockable: Yes No Monitoring Point Information \\Snowbird\Groups\PUBS\_Administration\Templates\HAFB_Templates\Monitoring Point Information PAGE 1 OF 1 I.D. Tag Intact: Yes No Need New Lock: Yes No Completion Size: 4"x4" / 6"x6" / 8"x8" / 6" Round / 8" Round / Other: __________________________________________ Completion Condition: Clean / Dirty / Rusty / Leaks Needs Replacement: Yes No Bollard Size: 2" / 4" / 6" Number of Bollards: ___________Bollards Damaged: Yes No Bollard Caps Needed: Yes No Pad Condition and Size:Pad OK /Pad Damaged Yes No Point Locked: Yes No Point Lockable: Yes No Pad Needs Replacement:Pad Condition and Size:Pad OK /Pad Damaged Yes No Pad Size: 2'x2' / 3'x3' / 4'x4' / Other: __________________________________________________________________ Paint Color: Brown / Yellow Paint Condition: Fresh / Faded / Cracked / Peeling Needs Repainting:YesNo Describe Damage & Repairs Needed: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Pad Needs Replacement: Flush Mount Completion: Completion Type: Round Bolt on Lid: 6" / 8" / 10" / 12" 12" Square M. Augustyn Inc. 8" Robco I.D. Tag Intact: Yes No Point Locked: Yes No Point Lockable: Yes No Need New Lock: Yes No Completion Condition: Clean / Dirty / Rusty / Leaks Needs Replacement: Yes No Pad Condition and Size: Pad OK / Pad Damaged Pad Needs Replacement: Yes No Pad Size: 2'x2' / 3'x3' / 4'x4' Other: _____________________________________________________________ Lid Damaged: Yes No Coating Condition: Good / Fair / Poor Lid Needs Replacement: Yes No Needs Inner Security Lid: Yes No Needs Center Compression Bolt: Yes No Needs Lid Gasket: Yes No Needs Bolts: Yes Noyp Casing Diameter: 2" / 2.5" / 3" / 4" / 5" / 6" / 8" / 10" / 12"Type: PVC / S. Steel / Other: _______________________ Pump Type: Bladder / Electric / Peristaltic / Other: _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Pump Size: 1 6" / 2" / 2 5" / Barcad / Other: Well & Pump Information: Pump Size: 1.6" / 2" / 2.5" / Barcad / Other: _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe Damage & Repairs Needed on Pump or Other Sampling Equipment: _______________________________________________________________________________________ Other Comments: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ \\Snowbird\Groups\PUBS\_Administration\Templates\HAFB_Templates\Monitoring Point Information PAGE 1 OF 1 Landfill 5 and TTU Groundwater Level Measurements Monitoring Point Date Time Depth to Groundwater (North edge of casing)(mm-dd-year) (milItary) (0.01 feet) TTU-1 TTU-2 MW-E MW-F MW-G MW-H MW-I MW-J1 MW-K Please contact the project manager immediately if a monitoring point depth to groundwater cannot be taken. Location ID Comments