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Home My WebLink AboutDSHW-2024-007131 Attachment 18 LANDFILL 5 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING AND ANALYSIS PLAN Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-1 Table of Contents 1.0 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 3 2.0 LANDFILL 5 DESCRIPTION ............................................................................................ 3 2.1 Landfill 5 Site History ...................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Site Description ................................................................................................................ 4 3.0 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND FREQUENCY ......................... 4 4.0 CONSTITUENTS TO BE MONITORED .......................................................................... 7 5.0 SCHEDULE ......................................................................................................................... 8 6.0 PROCEDURES.................................................................................................................... 8 6.1 Installation/Site Access .................................................................................................... 8 6.2 Documentation ................................................................................................................. 8 6.2.1 Field Logbooks ......................................................................................................... 8 6.2.2 Sampling Field Forms ............................................................................................... 9 6.3 Pre-Sampling Procedures ............................................................................................... 10 6.4 Equipment Calibration ................................................................................................... 10 6.5 Groundwater Purging ..................................................................................................... 13 6.6 Sample Collection .......................................................................................................... 15 6.7 Sample Handling and Transport ..................................................................................... 15 6.7.1 Sample Containers .................................................................................................. 15 6.7.2 Numbering and Labeling ........................................................................................ 16 6.7.3 Chain-of-Custody .................................................................................................... 17 6.7.4 Sample Preservation/Storage .................................................................................. 17 6.7.5 Custody Seals .......................................................................................................... 17 6.7.6 Sample Transport .................................................................................................... 18 6.8 Equipment Decontamination .......................................................................................... 18 7.0 DATA MANAGEMENT................................................................................................... 18 8.0 DATA VALIDATION....................................................................................................... 19 9.0 REPORTING ..................................................................................................................... 20 9.1 Statistical Approach for Groundwater Analysis............................................................. 20 9.2 Reporting ........................................................................................................................ 21 10.0 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................. 22 Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-2 List of Appendices Appendix A Sampling Field Forms List of Tables Table 1 Monitored Constituents and Methods……………………………………… 18-6 Table 2 Landfill 5 Monitoring Well Completion Data……………………………. .18-11 Table 3 Containers, Preservatives, and Holding Times for Landfill 5 Groundwater Sampling………………………………………………………………….. 18-16 List of Figures Figure 1 Landfill 5 Sampling Locations………………………………………………. 18-5 Figure 2 Groundwater Monitoring Well Locations Landfill 5…………………………18-6 Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-3 1.0 INTRODUCTION This Sampling and Analysis Plan (SAP) describes the groundwater sampling methodology for Landfill 5 sites located at the Utah Test and Training Range-North (UTTR-North). The SAP has been prepared to fulfill requirements of Module V of the Utah Test and Training Range (UTTR) (EPA ID: UT0570090001) Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Operating Permit (hereinafter, the “Permit”) for Landfill 5. The SAP was developed to guide field sampling to ensure the collection of representative and defensible groundwater samples that are sufficient to draw statistical conclusions concerning potential contamination. Where applicable, the procedures and quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) techniques in the current version of the UTTR Basewide Quality Assurance Project Plan (Basewide QAPP)1, which is based on United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) test methods for evaluating groundwater contamination, are used. 2.0 LANDFILL 5 DESCRIPTION 2.1 Landfill 5 Site History Landfill 5 was a hazardous waste disposal facility that was operated under interim status guidelines in compliance with Chapter 7 of the Utah Hazardous Waste Management Rules [now Rule R315, Utah Administrative Code (UAC)]. A wide variety of wastes generated at Hill Air Force Base (AFB), including chlorinated and non- chlorinated solvents, heavy metals, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), paints and paint strippers, Industrial Wastewater Treatment Plant (IWTP) sludge, cadmium-contaminated blast media, mercury, asbestos, and many other wastes, were deposited in the landfill between 1976 and 1983. Landfill 5 was operated prior to land disposal restrictions (LDR), which now prohibit the disposal of liquid hazardous waste in landfills. The official closure permit for Landfill 5 was issued to Hill AFB by the Utah Department of Environmental Quality (UDEQ) on July 15, 1988. The landfill remained in post-closure until underlying groundwater was found to have been impacted by the landfill. The Air Force made the decision to begin excavating the landfill in 2017. At present, the individual disposal cells within Landfill 5 have been removed and backfilled with clean soil. The waste materials were disposed of at a commercially permitted treatment storage and disposal facility (TSDF). Grading efforts to facilitate runon and runoff and to prevent ponding water were completed in 2023. A passive soil venting well system to remediate the vadose zone of volatile contaminants became operational in 2020. Currently, the post closure objective does not include remediation of groundwater but rather the long-term monitoring of contaminated groundwater associated with Landfill 5. Module V of the Permit contains land use restriction on the use of the groundwater. 1 The most current version of the UTTR Basewide Quality Assurance Project Plan can be found on the AFCEC Administrative Record Website (https://ar.afcec-cloud.af.mil/). It can be found by going to the website, choosing Hill AFB from the Installation List, and searching “UTTR Basewide Quality Assurance Project Plan” in the Subject or Title. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-4 2.2 Site Description Figure 1 shows the location of Landfill 5. The landfill is located in the north end of the Sink Valley, which slopes gently to the southwest, near Sedal Pass. This area is located approximately five miles northeast of the UTTR-North support facility (Oasis) and 20 miles north of Utah Exit 62 on Interstate 80. Access is provided via Box Elder County Road 02230, which runs from Interstate 80 northward to the Union Pacific Railroad work site at Lakeside. The Great Salt Lake and the Great Salt Lake Desert are the two major groundwater discharge basins in the region surrounding Landfill 5 (Price and Bolke, 1970). The Great Salt Lake is located to the east and north of Landfill 5, while the Great Salt Lake Desert is located to the west. Groundwater in the Sink Valley flows from the surrounding mountains toward the axis of the valley and then flows in a north-northwest direction toward the Great Salt Lake Desert. (Price and Bolke, 1970) Sedal Pass acts as a surface drainage divide between Sink Valley to the southwest and the Great Salt Lake to the east, but it does not appear that there is a similar groundwater divide at Sedal Pass. Groundwater flow beneath Landfill 5 appears to flow northeast toward Sedal Pass. 3.0 GROUNDWATER SAMPLING LOCATIONS AND FREQUENCY Groundwater samples will be collected from the eleven monitoring wells (MW-E, MW-F, MW- G, MW-H, MW-I, MW-J1, MW-K, MW-La, MW-Lb, MW-M, and MW-N) associated with Landfill 5, as shown in Figure 1. The groundwater flow direction has been difficult to determine because of the close proximity of the wells to each other and the small gradient between the wells. Historical groundwater data collected from area wells suggest that local groundwater flows to the east and north beneath Landfill 5 (USGS, 2004). Groundwater sampling shall occur annually, or as requested by the Director, and coincide with the highest groundwater levels, typically in spring. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-5 Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-6 Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-7 4.0 CONSTITUENTS TO BE MONITORED Table 1 provides the list of constituents that will be monitored under this SAP. The Table 1 constituents have been selected based on: • The types, quantities, and concentrations of constituents likely to be present, based on waste characterization data from removal of the contents of the landfill, nature and extent determinations, and confirmation sampling post removal of the landfill contents; and • Mobility of waste constituents and potential for vadose zone transport, with inclusion of constituents that would be likely to reach groundwater first. Table 1. Monitored Constituents and Analytical Methods Analysis Analytical Methoda Volatile Organic Compounds 8260B Ethylene dibromide (EDB) 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) 1,2,3-Trichloropropane (123TCP) 8260B SIM Metals-ICP (Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb, Ni, Se, Ag, V, Zn) 6020A Metals-Hg 7470A General Chemistry-alkalinity SM2320B General Chemistry-anions (Cl, SO4, F) SW9056A General Chemistry-nitrate/nitrite SM4500-NO3E General Chemistry-phosphate SM4500-PE Total Dissolved Solids SM2540C Perchlorate IC/MS/MS 6850 aAlternative equivalent analytical methods may be substituted by the laboratory, if approved by the Director. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-8 5.0 SCHEDULE Groundwater sampling will be conducted annually, or as directed by the Director. Sampling will be conducted when groundwater levels are highest, typically in spring. 6.0 PROCEDURES This section describes the procedures that will be used for groundwater measurement, sampling, and analysis. All procedures outlined in this SAP will be performed in conjunction with the current Basewide QAPP. 6.1 Installation/Site Access At least one week prior to sampling activities, the field sampling contractor will submit a Visit Request Form to the 388th Range Squadron safety officer or Civil, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineer (CEIE) Project Manager. The CEIE Project Manager will contact Range Security, Range Control, and the appropriate regulatory agency or agencies before sampling is conducted. All field sampling personnel will be required to sign in at the guard post upon arrival and departure. The sampling team will have a Hill AFB issued radio with them at all times while on the Range. One person familiar with radio procedures at the UTTR will be present with the sampling team. 6.2 Documentation Field documentation serves as the primary foundation for all field data collected that will be used to evaluate the site. All field documentation shall be accurate, legible, and written in indelible ink. Incorrect entries in the field books, logs, or on forms that need to be deleted shall be crossed out with one line, initialed, and dated. Skipped pages or blank sections at the end of a page shall be crossed out with an "X" covering the entire page or blank section. The responsible field team member shall write his/her signature, date, and time after the day's last entry. To further assist in the organization of the field books, logs, or forms, the date shall be recorded on top of each page along with the significant activity description (e.g., well location). In addition, all original field documentation shall be retained in the project files. The descriptions of field data documentation given below serve as an outline. 6.2.1 Field Logbooks The field logbook shall be a bound, weatherproof book with numbered pages and shall serve primarily as a daily log of the activities carried out during the investigation. The logbook shall serve as a diary of the events of the day. The groundwater sampling team members shall be responsible for recording the following information: ● Health and safety activities; ● Personnel contamination prevention and decontamination procedures; Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-9 ● Record of daily tailgate safety meetings; ● Weather; ● Calibration of field equipment; ● Equipment decontamination procedures; ● Personnel on job site and time spent on the site; ● Disposal of contaminated wastes, including personal protective equipment (PPE), paper towels, etc.; ● Site name/well number; ● Water levels, including time and datum that water levels are measured (i.e., top of casing); ● Well purging information with the following information: o Visual and olfactory observations, o Measured field parameters (temperature, pH, and specific conductance), o Amount of water purged, o Purge water disposal/containment (Baker tank/drums, number used, identification, etc.); and ● Well sampling information: o Number of samples collected and type of containers used, o Date and time of sample collection, o Type of analyses requested, o QA/QC samples collected, including names given to blind samples, o Field observations, o Problems encountered and corrective actions taken, o Deviations from the sampling plan, o Site visitors, o Type of preservation of samples. 6.2.2 Sampling Field Forms The groundwater sampling field forms shall be used any time that a well is sampled. An example copy of the groundwater sampling field form is presented in Appendix A. The following information should be recorded on the field form. ● Project name, project number, and site; ● Well identification number; ● Sample identification number; ● Date and time of sampling; ● Water level and reference elevation; ● Volume of water to be purged; ● Pertinent well construction information (e.g., total depth, well diameter, etc.); ● Measurement of field parameters, including pH, specific conductance, temperature, turbidity, ORP, and dissolved oxygen as well as the time of each of the readings; ● Type of preservation of samples (i.e., chemical, ice, both or none); ● Type of purging and sampling equipment used; ● Type of samples collected; and ● Name of sampler. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-10 6.3 Pre-Sampling Procedures Upon arrival at the well and prior to groundwater measurement, purging, or sampling, the sampling personnel shall document any signs of tampering or well deterioration. A depth to groundwater measurement shall be taken using a non-dedicated electronic water level indicator. Electronic water level indicators consist of a spool of graduated tape or small-diameter cable with a weighted probe attached to the end. When the probe comes in contact with the water, an electrical circuit is closed and a meter, light, and/or buzzer attached to the spool signals the contact. A depth to water measurement is read directly off the markings on the cable or tape. To prevent potential cross- contamination between measuring points, the water level indicator will be decontaminated prior to use at each location with paper towels and a solution of phosphate-free laboratory-grade detergent (e.g. AlconoxTM or equivalent) and water, followed by a triple rinse with deionized water. Field personnel will don a new pair of clean nitrile gloves prior to measuring the groundwater elevation at each location. The following methods will be used to measure groundwater elevation: ● Verify well identification (ID). Check and ensure proper operation of measurement equipment aboveground. Prior to opening the well, don PPE as required. ● Record well number, top of casing elevation, and surface elevation if available. ● Lower the probe slowly into the well. Upon contact with water, the buzzer should sound and the indicator light should glow. Raise and lower the probe slightly about the water level a few times to determine accurate point of contact. ● Measure and record static water level and total depth to the nearest 0.01 foot (0.3 cm) from the surveyed reference mark on the top edge of the monitoring well. If no reference mark is present, record in the logbook where the measurement was taken from (e.g., from the north side of the inner casing) and record the depth to groundwater. ● Record the time and day of the measurement. ● Raise the water level probe on the spool and decontaminate. 6.4 Equipment Calibration The accuracy, precision, and usefulness of field measurements are dependent on the proper use and care of the field instruments. The instruments shall be handled carefully at the well site and during transport to the field and between sampling sites. Field equipment shall never be left unsecured where it can be lost, stolen, or tampered with. Equipment shall not be left at the UTTR between jobs without the project or equipment manager’s approval and a secure area for storage. All meters shall be calibrated prior to use in accordance with the manufacturer’s directions and the Basewide QAPP. All information regarding meter calibration shall be described in the field logbook or field forms. An example copy of the equipment calibration log is presented in Appendix A. All meters shall be used in accordance with the manufacturer’s direction, and no meters shall be used unless they are functioning properly. Equipment calibration procedures are outlined in the Basewide QAPP. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-11 Table 2 Landfill 5 Monitoring Well Completion Data Well Location ID Date Drilled Total Depth 2 (feet BGS) Local NGVD 29 US Foot Elevation1 (TOC) Approx. Water Level (feet below TOC) Inclination Correction Factor3 (ft) Boring Diameter (inches) Screen Interval (feet BGS) Casing/ Screen Diameter (inches) Casing/ Screen Type Pump Type Intake Depth (feet BGS) Discharge Piping Water Level Access Piping Control Box Last Pump Replace- ment MW-E October 1986 454 4616.19 395 -2.32 8-5/8 425-445 4 Sch. 40 PVC QED P1101HM 438 3/8-inch OD Teflon-lined Polyethylene None QED MP10H October 2011 MW-F October 1986 514 4673.48 455 -2.15 8-5/8 485-505 4 Sch. 40 PVC QED P1101HM 495 3/8-inch OD Teflon-lined Polyethylene None QED MP10H December 2009 MW-G January 1988 466 4632.41 415 -4.78 8-5/8 435-455 4 Sch. 40 PVC QED P1101HM 448 3/8-inch OD Teflon-lined Polyethylene None QED MP10H October 2011 MW-H January 1988 444 4609.95 390 -0.89 8-5/8 414-434 4 Sch. 40 PVC QED P1101HM 424 3/8-inch OD Teflon-lined Polyethylene 1-inch Flush Threaded Sch. 80 PVC QED MP10H December 2009 MW-I February 1988 454 4604.9 385 -2.01 8-5/8 425-445 4 Sch. 40 PVC QED P1101HM 435 3/8-inch OD Teflon-lined Polyethylene 1-inch Flush Threaded Sch. 80 PVC QED MP10H December 2009 MW-J1 September 1996 443 4607.44 385 -0.45 7-7/8 420-440 4 Sch. 40 PVC QED P1101HM 425 3/8-inch OD Teflon-lined Polyethylene None QED MP10H October 2011 MW-K December 2010 502 4617.011 395 -0.07 10 450-470 5 Sch. 80 PVC QED P1101HM 460 3/8-inch OD Teflon-lined Polyethylene None QED MP10H December 2010 MW-La March 2015 459.5/ 495 4617.18 396 -0.21 12 439-459 4 Sch. 80 PVC QED P1101HM 449 3/8-inch OD 1/4-inch ID Teflon-lined Polyethylene None QED MP10H May 2020§ Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-12 Table 2 Landfill 5 Monitoring Well Completion Data Continued MW-Lb March 2015 490.5/ 495 4617.18 396 -0.21 12 480-490 2 Sch. 80 PVC GeoTech (1.66SS18) high pressure ** 485 3/8-inch OD 1/4-inch ID Teflon-lined Polyethylene None Geo control Pro May 2020§ MW-M March 2015 463.5/ 465 4619.37 398 -0.12 12 443-463 5 Sch. 80 PVC QED P1101HM 453 3/8-inch OD 1/4-inch ID Teflon-lined Polyethylene None QED MP10H November 2019 MW-N March 2015 456.5/ 458 4612.70 391 -0.13 12 436-456 5 Sch. 80 PVC QED P1101HM 446 3/8-inch OD 1/4-inch ID Teflon-lined Polyethylene None QED MP10H April 2015 1 Surveyed by Robinson, Biehn & Biehn, Inc. on December 16, 2009, Jan 7, 2011 (MW -K), Oct 2011 (MW-E, MW-F, MW-G, MW-J1), and May 13, 2015 (MW-La, MW-Lb, MW-M, MW-N). Elevation marked as "X" on North side top of monument casing. 2 Total depth listed for MW-La, MW-Lb, MW-M, MW-N: bottom of casing/depth to bottom of boring BGS = below ground surface (depth in feet) TOC = top of casing 3 The inclination correction factor (ft) is subtracted from the (field) measured depth to water to calculate the corrected dept h to groundwater. § Projected date of pump installation (at monitoring wells MW-La and MW-Lb). ** Well MW-Lb requires a specialized sample pump system installed due to the small casing diameter and depth. (Geo-tech High Pressure 1.66” by 18”, 10-500 psi, Model 1.66SS18 sample pump, 3/8-inch OD/ 1/4-inch ID Teflon-lined Polyethylene sample line, and Geo-control Pro control box). Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-13 6.5 Groundwater Purging All Landfill 5 groundwater monitoring wells will be purged prior to sampling to remove stagnant water in the well casing. Purging facilitates the collection of representative groundwater samples by promoting the movement of formation water into the well casing by removing stagnant water within the well. Once purging is complete, formation water will be collected for analysis. Dedicated pump discharge tubing shall be decontaminated prior to purging and sampling. Because of the potential for spreading environmental contamination, proper purge water disposal is a necessary part of well monitoring. Purge water collected from the Landfill 5 monitoring wells may be temporally stored in drums at the site pending the results of the analytical work with a label “Hazardous Waste, Pending Analysis”, accumulation start date and indication of the potential hazards. If the analytical results indicate that the samples are contaminated, the purge water shall be disposed of off-site at a permitted hazardous waste disposal facility; otherwise, the stored water shall be discharged onto the ground. Water level measurements and water quality parameters, including pH, specific conductance, temperature, turbidity, ORP, and dissolved oxygen shall be collected in the field during groundwater purging and sampling. The water quality parameter measurements shall be conducted in a flow-through cell attached to the discharge line of the pump system. Table 2 summarizes well construction and equipment information for the Landfill 5 monitoring wells. Submersible pumps are commonly used in deep monitoring wells for compliance sampling, and, prior to 2009, submersible pumps were used in all of the Landfill 5 wells. The submersible pumps were removed from Landfill 5 starting in December 2008 and were replaced with dedicated two-inch QED bladder pumps designed for low-flow sampling. For wells that have QED bladder pumps (or other low-flow bladder pumps, such as MW-Lb), purging and sampling will be conducted according to the procedures for low-flow sampling outlined in SOP-20 of the Basewide QAPP (Pertinent low-flow sampling procedures are summarized below, with more detailed information provided in SOP-20. Purging volumes for wells with dedicated bladder pumps will be calculated by adding the volume of purge water in the tubing and pump and multiplying the total volume by two. Calculations and the total purge volumes shall be entered in the field logbook or groundwater sampling log. The following equation can be used to calculate the volume of purge water for the wells with bladder pumps: Total Purge Volume: Vt = 2 × ((Lt × ×(Dt/24)2 + Vp) ×28.32 liters/ft3) Where: Vt = Total Purge Volume (mL) Lt = Length of Tubing (ft) Dt = Inner Diameter of Tubing (inches) Vp = Volume of Pump (ft3) Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-14 Protocol for purging these wells is as follows: ● The static groundwater level will be measured. ● The volume of water in the pump and tubing will be calculated. The minimum volume to be purged from the well is two times the volume of the tubing and pump. See equation above. ● The criteria that must be met before sampling include stabilized water quality parameters at each monitoring point. Initial purging rates will be set and adjusted to meet the Basewide QAPP drawdown criterion of less than 0.3 foot. If these criteria are met, the monitoring point will be sampled when the water quality parameters stabilize, as discussed in following step. ● During purging, measure the following groundwater quality parameters for stabilization: pH, temperature, electrical conductivity, turbidity, ORP, and dissolved oxygen. The parameters shall be considered stable when three consecutive readings, collected at intervals of at least five minutes, are within: − Conductivity ±10% − pH ±0.2 units − Temperature ±1 degree Celsius − Dissolved Oxygen ±0.2 milligrams per liter (mg/l) − ORP ±10 millivolts − Turbidity <5 NTU ● If the monitoring point drawdown cannot be limited to 0.3 foot, the purging will be stopped long enough to allow the monitoring point to recharge, and the purge rate will be lowered, if possible. Following recharge to a level above 0.2 foot of drawdown, purging will restart. This procedure will continue as long as a minimum of 1 liter of groundwater is removed every 20 minutes (approximately 50 milliliters per minute [mL/min]). The monitoring point will then be sampled when the water quality parameters stabilize, as discussed above. ● If one liter of groundwater cannot be removed every 20 minutes or it is apparent that one liter of groundwater will not be able to be purged from the monitoring point in 20 minutes, the monitoring point will be pumped at the lowest flow rate possible (at l east 50 mL/min) and the drawdown measured and documented at the same time the water quality parameters are measured, or as often as necessary to determine drawdown stabilization. Because the flow from a bladder pump is cyclical, the drawdown will be measured just before the pump is pressurized. This is the period when the recharge is considered to be at the maximum level. These measurements will be used to determine whether the drawdown has stabilized. Drawdown will be considered stabilized when three consecutive measurements are within 0.1 foot and a stable trend is observed. Purging rates may be able to be increased once drawdown stabilizes due to an increased hydraulic gradient. Following drawdown stabilization, the monitoring point will be sampled when the water quality parameters stabilize for three consecutive readings, as discussed above. ● The monitoring point will be considered ready for sampling when a minimum of two purge volumes (two times the volume of the pump and tubing) have been removed and the purge water measurements for temperature, pH, specific conductivity, turbidity, ORP, and dissolved oxygen are considered stable as specified above. If these conditions are not met, purging will continue until a maximum of two additional purge volumes are removed. If Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-15 any of the parameters are not stabilized after removing the additional purge volumes, the contractor Project Manager will be consulted to determine whether further purging is necessary or whether sampling can be initiated. If the monitoring point is sampled without meeting the parameter stabilization criteria, the reason for not meeting the criteria will be assessed and documented in the field book in each case. In addition, a discussion of all such instances will be provided in the individual sampling data validation reports. ● The monitoring point will be sampled at the same flow rate at which the monitoring point was purged or lower. At a minimum, monitoring points will be sampled at a flow rate that generates enough volume to fill a 40-milliliter (mL) sample vial in a single cycle (approximately 50 mL/min). 6.6 Sample Collection Groundwater sampling will be conducted after the purging of the well is complete. All purging and sampling equipment shall be decontaminated prior to purging and sampling and between sampling locations (non-dedicated equipment). Temperature, pH, specific conductance, turbidity, ORP, and dissolved oxygen shall be measured immediately prior to sample collection. All groundwater sample data and information collected in the field shall be recorded in the field logbook or on a sampling log. If applicable, the pump discharge shall be reduced to minimize agitation or aeration of the sample. The sample containers shall be filled in order from the least to the most stable compounds. Sufficient volume shall be collected so that the scheduled analysis can be performed. The sample containers do not need to be filled to eliminate headspace, except for VOCs, that must be sampled with no headspace. VOC samples shall be tipped upside down to check for air, ensuring there is no headspace, immediately after collection. Based on USEPA guidance (USEPA, 1986), sample bottles shall be filled in the following order: ● VOCs ● Total Metals ● General Chemistry (including Perchlorate) 6.7 Sample Handling and Transport 6.7.1 Sample Containers The sample containers to be used shall be dependent on the sample matrix and analyses desired. Containers to be used for various analyses are described in Table 3. Once opened, the containers shall be used immediately. When storing before and after sampling, the containers shall remain separate from solvents and other volatile organic materials. Containers shall be kept in a cool, dry place until taken to the job site. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-16 Table 3. Containers, Preservatives, and Holding Times for LF5 Groundwater Sampling Analytical Method Container* Preservative Holding Time Volatiles, 8260B 2-40 ml VOAs Cool, 4° C, HCl, pH<2, No headspace 14 days Volatiles (EDB, DBCP, 123TCP), 8260B SIM 2-40 ml VOAs Cool, 4° C, HCl, pH<2, No headspace 14 days Metals-ICP (Al, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Fe, Pb, Ni, Se, Ag, V, Zn), 6020A 250 ml plastic HNO3 180 days Metals (Hg), 7470A 250 ml plastic pH<2, HNO3 28 days General Chemistry-alkalinity, SM2320B 1L plastic Cool, 4° C 14 days General Chemistry-anions (Cl, SO4, F), 300.0/SW9056A 500 ml plastic Cool, 4° C 28 days (2 days for NO3, NO2, PO4) General Chemistry- nitrate/nitrite, SM4500-NO3E 125 ml plastic Cool, 4° C, H2SO4, pH<2 28 days General Chemistry Phosphate, SM4500PE 125 ml plastic Cool, 4° C, H2SO4, pH<2 28 days Total Dissolved Solids, SM2540C 1L plastic Cool, 4° C 7 days Perchlorate, 6850 500 ml plastic Cool, 4° C 28 days *Container volumes may vary depending on laboratory preference 6.7.2 Numbering and Labeling A unique sample identification number shall be developed for all groundwater samples submitted for analysis. A sample label shall be affixed to all sample containers. Labels provided by the laboratory, or another supplier may be used, and at a minimum shall include the following information: ● Sample identification number; ● Date and time of sample collection; ● Type of sample (grab or composite); ● Initials of sampler; ● Preservative used; and ● Sample Analysis Method. This information shall be written in indelible ink. After labeling, each sample shall be refrigerated or placed in a cooler containing ice to chill and maintain samples at a temperature of 4 to 6° C. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-17 6.7.3 Chain-of-Custody Chain-of-Custody (COC) procedures allow for the tracking of possession and handling of individual samples from the time of field collection through to laboratory analysis. Documentation of custody is accomplished through a COC record that lists each sample and the individuals responsible for sample collection, transport, and receipt. A sample is considered in custody if it is: ● In a person's possession; or ● In view after being in physical possession; or ● Locked or sealed so that no one can tamper with it after it has been in an individual's physical custody; or ● In a secured area, restricted to authorized personnel. A COC record is used to record the samples taken and the analyses requested. Information recorded by field personnel on the COC record shall include the following: ● Client name; ● Project name; ● Project location; ● Sample location; ● Signature of sampler(s); ● Sample identification number; ● Date and time of collection; ● Sample designation (grab or composite); ● Sample matrix; ● Signature of individuals involved in custody transfer (including date and time of transfer); ● Type of analysis and laboratory method number; and ● Any comments regarding individual samples (e.g., organic vapor meter readings, special instructions). When the sample(s) are transferred, both the receiving and relinquishing individuals shall sign the record. The sampler shall retain copies of the COC record. If the COC records are sequentially numbered, the record number shall be cross-referenced in the field logbook. 6.7.4 Sample Preservation/Storage The requirements for sample preservation are dependent on the desired analyses and the sample matrix. Sample preservation requirements will be performed as required by the analytical method and as presented in Table 3. 6.7.5 Custody Seals Custody seals shall be used on each shipping container to ensure custody. Custody seals consist of security tape placed over the lid of each cooler containing samples, with the initials of the Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-18 sampler and the date written on the tape. The tape shall be affixed such that the seal must be broken to gain access to the contents. Custody seals shall be placed on coolers prior to the sampling team's release to a second or third party (e.g., delivery to the laboratory). 6.7.6 Sample Transport Groundwater samples will be shipped by overnight carrier to the analytical laboratory. The following procedures will be followed for sample transport to the analytical laboratory: ● Sample labels shall be completed and attached to sample containers as described in Section 6.7.2. ● The samples shall be placed upright in a waterproof plastic ice chest or cooler. ● Wet ice in double Ziploc™ bags (to prevent leakage) shall be placed around, among, and on top of the sample bottles. Enough ice shall be used to chill and maintain samples at 4 to 6°C during transport to the laboratory. Dry ice shall not be used. ● To prevent the sample containers from shifting inside the cooler, the remaining space in the cooler shall be filled with inert cushioning material, such as shipping peanuts, additional bubble pack, or cardboard dividers. ● The original copy of the completed COC record shall accompany the samples to the laboratory. ● A copy of the COC record shall be retained for the project files. 6.8 Equipment Decontamination The following procedure will be used to decontaminate non-dedicated sampling equipment that may come into contact with groundwater samples. To minimize decontamination procedures in the field, dedicated equipment shall be used wherever feasible. The following procedure will be used to decontaminate non-dedicated equipment: ● Wash and scrub equipment with phosphate-free laboratory-grade detergent (e.g. AlconoxTM or equivalent), steam cleaning may also be performed if possible; ● Triple-rinse with distilled water; ● Personnel involved in decontamination activities shall wear appropriate PPE, including nitrile gloves. 7.0 DATA MANAGEMENT Data management tasks associated with this project will include the transfer of electronic data between analytical laboratories and the data manager, the data manager and the data validation staff, and the data manager and the Hill AFB Hazardous Waste Program Manager. To facilitate efficient data flow, the Air Force Environmental Resources Program Information Management System (ERPIMS) will be used as the basis for data management. The ERPIMS format provides Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-19 a set of codes and structure for data deliverables. Data management will be performed in the following sequence: ● The field sampling team will obtain samples according to the Basewide QAPP. ● The samples obtained during the day will be continuously logged on a COC form. ● The COCs will be delivered to the data manager who will enter the data from the COCs to the database. The data manager will then track the status of the analytical samples. Water level measurements will be corrected using correction factors determined from inclination surveys conducted in each well. These data are provided in Inclination Survey of Landfill 5 Monitoring Wells and Cap Maintenance Report (CH2M HILL, 1999), Summary of New Groundwater Monitoring Well MW-K at Landfill 5, Utah Test and Training Range Technical Memorandum (CH2M HILL, 2011), and Pre-Design Investigation Data Report, Landfill 5, UTTR Performance-Based Remediation, Hill Air Force Base, Utah, Draft Final (URS, 2015). 8.0 DATA VALIDATION Data validation will follow the requirements as specified in the current Basewide QAPP and the following USEPA documents: ● Contract Laboratory Program National Functional Guidelines for Organic Data Review, November 2020. ● Contract Laboratory Program National Functional Guidelines for Inorganic Data Review, November 2020. The Permittee shall provide at least one field, one set of replicates representing 10% of the total number of samples, three laboratory blanks, one set of matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate, and one trip blank for analysis at each annual sampling interval under the detection monitoring program. Any field, trip, or laboratory blanks exceeding the method detection limit for any organic parameter may result in rejection of the data for that parameter. This may require re -sampling of all wells sampled during that particular sampling event, for the specified compounds. Qualifiers shall be indicated on all organic laboratory reports when blanks indicate contamination above the method detection level. A USEPA Level III QA/QC review of all analytical data will be performed to ensure that data quality objectives are met. Validation of the laboratory reports and sample custody documentation will be performed for all of the laboratory data. The laboratory reports will be reviewed for the following: ● Calibration; ● Sample hold times; ● Target analyte list; ● Reporting limits; ● Field and laboratory blanks; Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-20 ● Field duplicates; ● Surrogate spikes (organics); ● Laboratory control samples; and ● Matrix spikes/Matrix spike duplicates. A report that summarizes the quality control efforts and the results of data validation for this project will be submitted to the Director. The report will evaluate the effect of the quality control data on the project samples and the overall quality and usability of the data. In addition, validation flags will be entered directly into the ERPIMS database. A tentative result is defined as any measured concentration for an analyte less than the method detection limit (MDL), but otherwise meeting criteria for identification using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) techniques. These values shall be reported to the Director as values identified by the data qualifier letter J. A reportable result is defined as any measured concentration for an analyte in Attachment 18 – Landfill 5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan which equals or exceeds the method detection limit identified in 40 CFR Appendix B to Part 136 - Definition and Procedure for the Determination of the Method Detection Limit-Revision 1.11. 9.0 REPORTING Upon receipt of the validated data, a sampling and analysis report will be prepared that describes the activity and presents the analytical data. Comparisons will be made with previous sampling events, and conclusions and recommendations will be presented as described below. 9.1 Statistical Approach for Groundwater Analysis Post-remediation long-term monitoring of contaminated groundwater will be conducted at the Landfill 5 monitoring wells. Due to the close proximity of the wells to each other and the flat hydraulic gradient between the wells, groundwater does not follow a definable pathway. There is also some uncertainty that all the monitoring wells are screened within the same hydrostratigraphic unit. Due to the complex hydrogeological setting, potential for screening of different groundwater lenses, an intra-well approach will be conducted with baseline conditions established for each individual well. Intra-well upper prediction limits will be established for each well using a minimum of eight independent observations and following the methodology outlined in the USEPA Unified Guidance (USEPA, 2009). Prediction limits will be determined using distribution-based tests. For parametric prediction limits, a confidence level of 95% (0.05) will be applied. The compliance data for each well will be compared to the upper prediction limit to assess statistically significant changes in groundwater concentrations and chemistry. Trend graphs will be provided. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-21 9.2 Reporting An annual groundwater report will be submitted within 180 days of the groundwater sampling event. The Director will be notified of any statistically significant increase of a monitored contaminant of concern. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-22 10.0 REFERENCES CH2M HILL, 1999. Inclination Survey of Landfill 5 Monitoring Wells and Cap Maintenance Report, May 1999. CH2M HILL, 2001. Inclination Survey of Thermal Treatment Unit Monitoring Wells TTU1 and TTU2, July 2001. CH2M HILL, 2004. Landfill 5 Conceptual Site Model, October 2004. CH2M HILL, 2011. Summary of New Groundwater Monitoring Well MW-K at Landfill 5, Utah Test and Training Range Technical Memorandum, February 2011. Price, D., and Bolke, E. L., 1970. Hydrologic Reconnaissance of the Sink Valley Area, Tooele and Box Elder Counties, Utah, State of Utah Department of Natural Resources Technical Publication No. 26. URS, 2010. Thermal Treatment Unit and Landfill 5 Groundwater Elevation Error Analysis, June 2010. USEPA, 1986. RCRA Ground-water Monitoring: Technical Enforcement Guidance Document, November 1992. USEPA, 2009. Statistical Analysis of Groundwater Monitoring Data at RCRA Facilities Unified Guidance. March 2009. USEPA, 2020. Contract Laboratory Program National Functional Guidelines for Organic Data Review, November 2020. USEPA, 2020. Contract Laboratory Program National Functional Guidelines for Inorganic Data Review, November 2020. USGS, 2003. Semiannual Ground-Water Monitoring at Hill Air Force Base, Utah Test and Training Range, Thermal Treatment Unit, Box Elder County, Utah, April/May 2003. USGS, 2004. Semiannual Ground-Water Monitoring at Hill Air Force Base, Utah Test and Training Range Landfill No. 5, Box Elder County, Utah, April 2004. USEPA, 2023. Regional Screening Levels (RSLs), EPA Risk Assessment website: (https://epa- prgs.ornl.gov/cgi-bin/chemicals/csl_search) . Accessed January 2023. Utah Department of Environmental Quality, 2023, Solid and Hazardous Waste, Utah Administrative Code, Title R315-265, as in effect January 2023. Utah Department of Environmental Quality, 2023, Solid and Hazardous Waste, Utah Administrative Code, Title R315-101, as in effect April 2023. URS, 2015. Pre-Design Investigation Data Report, Landfill 5, UTTR Performance-Based Remediation, Hill Air Force Base, Utah, Draft Final, December 2015. Utah Test and Training Range Attachment 18- LF5 Groundwater Sampling and Analysis Plan Issued DRAFT 18-23 Appendix A Sampling Field Forms Operable Unit: Monitoring Point: Date: Sampler: Weather: Visitors: Boring Dia. Casing Dia. DTW: TD: Pump Intake Depth: Pump Top Depth: Purge/Sampling Method: Vial pH: Depth to Water @Sampling: == Tubing Leng. (ft) Tubing Diameter Factors: 3/8"= 13 ml/ft 1/2"= 20 ml/ft -= - =X +(X )= Scr. Leng. (ft) Casing Vol. Scr. Leng. (ft) Scr. Factor Screen Interval Volume Factors (Cas.Dia/Bor.Dia.)(in): 2/8"= 2.15 gal/ft; 4/10"= 2.93 gal/ft; 4/12"= 4.55 gal/ft; 5"/10"=2.54 gal/ft Site Safety: PPE Disposal: Disposition of Purge Water: 90% Recharge Level: ft Sampling Flow Rate < 100 ml/min? Ferrous Iron (Fe+2) (mg/l) (0.00) Purge Flow Rate (ml (0) or gal per min (0.0)) Turbidity (NTU) (0.0) DO (mg/l) (0.0) Sulfide (mg/l) (0.00) Sulfate (mg/l) (0.00) DO (mg/l) (0.00) Total Iron (Fe) (mg/l) (0.00) Water Colume (ft) Casing Leng. Casing Factor Standard Method: Calculated Purge Volume TD (ft) DTW (ft) Low Flow: Calculated Purge Volume X Casing Volume Above Screen Pump Volume 2 Purge Volume (ml) X Tubing Dia. Factor + Rounded Purge Volume (Rounded up to nearest 100 ml) X 3 = Purge Volume (gal) (0.0) Screen Volume ORP (mV) (0.0) Temp (C) (0.0)Time Purge Vol specify ml or gal Specific Cond. (mS/cm) (0.000)pH (0.0) Chloride (YSI) (mg/l) (0.00) Other Parameters Casing Volume Factors (gal/ft): 2"= 0.17; 4"=0.66; 5"=0.95 Comments (Color/Odor) Ammonia (YSI) (mg/l) (0.000) Nitrate (YSI) (mg/l) (0.000) GW Level (ft below MP) \\Snowbird\proj\HillAFB\Common Files\Field Books PAGE 1 OF 2 Turbidity (NTU) (0.0) DO (mg/l) (0.0) ORP (mV) (0.0) Temp (C) (0.0)Time Purge Vol specify ml or gal Specific Cond. (mS/cm) (0.000)pH (0.0) Chloride (YSI) (mg/l) (0.00) Other Parameters Comments (Color/Odor) Ammonia (YSI) (mg/l) (0.000) Nitrate (YSI) (mg/l) (0.000) GW Level (ft below MP) Time Date Analysis Bottles General Notes: Well Condition: Number of Trip Blank Equipment Blank Sample ID Duplicate Y N Y N Initial ReadingTime Meter: Y N Y N Ammonia Nitrate Chloride Normal Flow-through Cell Calibration DO pH MS/SD ORP Turbidity Spec Cond Calibration DateParameter Calibration within Specifications Field parameters stable? Final ReadingCheck Calibration Standards Y N Y N \\Snowbird\proj\HillAFB\Common Files\Field Books PAGE 2 OF 2 Monitoring Point: Date/Time: Sampler: I.D. Tag Intact: Yes No Need New Lock: Yes No Aboveground Completion: Point Locked: Yes No Point Lockable: Yes No Monitoring Point Information \\Snowbird\Groups\PUBS\_Administration\Templates\HAFB_Templates\Monitoring Point Information PAGE 1 OF 1 I.D. Tag Intact: Yes No Need New Lock: Yes No Completion Size: 4"x4" / 6"x6" / 8"x8" / 6" Round / 8" Round / Other: __________________________________________ Completion Condition: Clean / Dirty / Rusty / Leaks Needs Replacement: Yes No Bollard Size: 2" / 4" / 6" Number of Bollards: ___________Bollards Damaged: Yes No Bollard Caps Needed: Yes No Pad Condition and Size:Pad OK /Pad Damaged Yes No Point Locked: Yes No Point Lockable: Yes No Pad Needs Replacement:Pad Condition and Size:Pad OK /Pad Damaged Yes No Pad Size: 2'x2' / 3'x3' / 4'x4' / Other: __________________________________________________________________ Paint Color: Brown / Yellow Paint Condition: Fresh / Faded / Cracked / Peeling Needs Repainting:YesNo Describe Damage & Repairs Needed: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Pad Needs Replacement: Flush Mount Completion: Completion Type: Round Bolt on Lid: 6" / 8" / 10" / 12" 12" Square M. Augustyn Inc. 8" Robco I.D. Tag Intact: Yes No Point Locked: Yes No Point Lockable: Yes No Need New Lock: Yes No Completion Condition: Clean / Dirty / Rusty / Leaks Needs Replacement: Yes No Pad Condition and Size: Pad OK / Pad Damaged Pad Needs Replacement: Yes No Pad Size: 2'x2' / 3'x3' / 4'x4' Other: _____________________________________________________________ Lid Damaged: Yes No Coating Condition: Good / Fair / Poor Lid Needs Replacement: Yes No Needs Inner Security Lid: Yes No Needs Center Compression Bolt: Yes No Needs Lid Gasket: Yes No Needs Bolts: Yes Noyp Casing Diameter: 2" / 2.5" / 3" / 4" / 5" / 6" / 8" / 10" / 12"Type: PVC / S. Steel / Other: _______________________ Pump Type: Bladder / Electric / Peristaltic / Other: _______________________________________________________________________________________________ Pump Size: 1 6" / 2" / 2 5" / Barcad / Other: Well & Pump Information: Pump Size: 1.6" / 2" / 2.5" / Barcad / Other: _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Describe Damage & Repairs Needed on Pump or Other Sampling Equipment: _______________________________________________________________________________________ Other Comments: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ \\Snowbird\Groups\PUBS\_Administration\Templates\HAFB_Templates\Monitoring Point Information PAGE 1 OF 1 Landfill 5 and TTU Groundwater Level Measurements Monitoring Point Date Time Depth to Groundwater (North edge of casing)(mm-dd-year) (milItary) (0.01 feet) TTU-1 TTU-2 MW-E MW-F MW-G MW-H MW-I MW-J1 MW-K Please contact the project manager immediately if a monitoring point depth to groundwater cannot be taken. Location ID Comments