DSHW-2016-009085 - 0901a06880625e91

Orbital ATK
April 18, 2016
8200-FY16-059
Div of Waste Management
and Radiation Control
Scott T. Anderson, Director
APR 2 0 2016
DSHW-20U,- 00^005
Department of Environmental Quality
Division of Waste Management and Radiation Control
ATTN: Jeff Vandel
P.O. Box 144880
195 North 1950 West
Salt Lake City, Utah 84114-4880
RE: ATK Launch Systems Inc. - Promontory Facility, EPA ID# UTD009081357, Well H-4 Colloidal
Borescope Investigation Report
Dear Mr. Anderson,
ATK Launch Systems Inc. Promontory facility conducted a colloidal borescope investigation of well H-
4. In discussions with Jeff Vandal and Helge Gabert it was determined that this investigation may help
determine the flow direction in the area around well H-4. The water and well conditions for conducting
the borescope test were not ideal, and additional post processing of the borescope data was necessary to
obtain likely flow directions. Overall, the investigation indicates a zone with a westerly component and
a zone with a southern component. The report also includes particle tracking generated from the
Promontory facility groundwater model and a potentiometric surface map for the area around well H-4;
both of which show a southern flow direction. The colloidal borescope investigation report is included
as an attachment to this letter.
If you have questions, or need additional information, please contact Paul Hancock at [phone].
Sincerely,
George E. Gooch, Manager,
Environmental Services
Orbital ATK, Inc. • P.O. Box 707 Brigham City, Utah 84321 • [phone]
SUMMARY OF COLLOIDAL BORESCOPE
WORK AT MONITORING WELL H-4
ATK LAUNCH SYSTEMS, INC. PROMONTORY, UT
On December 21, 2015, a colloidal borescope and operator from Geotech Environmental
Equipment of Denver, Colorado mobilized to the ATK Promontory, UT facility. The intent of
this field investigation was to determine whether a preferential flow direction exists at
monitoring well H-4.
INSTRUMENT DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION
The colloidal borescope consists of a CCD (charged-couple device) camera, a flux-gate compass,
an optical magnification lens, an illumination source, and stainless steel housing. The device is
approximately 89 cm long and has a diameter of 44 mm, thus facilitating insertion into a 5-cm-
diameter monitoring well. Upon insertion into a well, an electronic image magnified 140X is
transmitted to the surface, where it is viewed and analyzed. The flux-gate compass is used to
align the borescope in the well. As particles in the groundwater pass beneath the lens, the back
lighting source illuminates the particles similar to a conventional microscope with a lighted
stage. A video frame grabber digitizes individual video frames at intervals selected by the
operator. A software package developed by Aqua VISION compares the two digitized video
frames, matches particles from the two images, and assigns pixel addresses to the particles.
Using this information, the software program computes and records the average particle size,
number of particles, speed, and direction. A computer is capable of analyzing flow
measurements every four seconds resulting in a large database after only a few minutes of
observations. Since standard VHS video uses 30 frames per second, a particle that moves 1 mm
across the field of view could be captured in subsequent frames 1130 of a second apart. This
would result in an upper measurement velocity range of 3cm/sec. For low flow conditions, the
delay between frames can be set for large time periods resulting in a lower velocity range for
stagnant flow conditions.
Flow velocities measured by the colloidal borescope were verified using a laminar flow chamber
developed at the Desert Research Institute in Boulder City, Nevada. At a flow velocity in the
laminar flow chamber of 0.10 cm/s, and verified by a tracer test, the colloidal borescope
measured a comparable velocity value of 0.11 cm/s (Kearl, 1997).
Only zones that display consistent horizontal laminar flow in a steady direction over a substantial
time period (greater than 1 hr.) should be considered. Swirling flow zones may be the result of
adjacent low-permeable sediments, positive skin effects, vertical flow gradients, or nearby
preferential flow zones that dominate flow in the observed zone. Measurements in swirling flow
zones should be disregarded. However, if steady non-directional flow is observed, typical of a
preferential flow zone, then reliable measurements are possible.
At field sites, observed well bore flow velocities (flow velocities measured in the well bore)
exceed predicted groundwater seepage velocities (average linear velocity in a porous media),
even values that are adjusted based on a (conversion factor for predicting groundwater seepage
velocity from well bore velocity) values. If theoretical work and laboratory results indicate that
1
the borescope provides reliable flow measurements within a specified range, then this evidence
would suggest that velocities in the well bore represent the maximum flow velocities in an
aquifer. It would further suggest that the maximum velocity and not the average linear velocity
over the entire screen length dominates flow in the well bore under ambient flow conditions. In
no instances have velocity measurements using the colloidal borescope been less than values
predicted by independent hydraulic information. Swirling, non-directional flow zones may be
representative of lower-permeable material within the permeable section of the aquifer or
positive skin affects due to poor well construction practices, but the transfer of momentum from
adjacent higher-flow zones magnified the flow velocity.
Based on the work presented in Kearl (Journal of Hydrology, 200,1997), colloidal borescope
measurements in the field should be reduced by a factor of 1 to 4 to calculate seepage velocity in
the adjacent porous medium. For field comparison measurements presented in this paper, the
borescope measurements represent the flow velocities in the preferential flow zones compared
with average flow velocity measurement obtained by conventional methods. Consequently, the
velocity values given in these figures presented in the data appendix should be reduced by a
maximum factor of 4 to obtain the groundwater seepage velocity in the adjacent porous medium.
This adjusted value is referred to as the corrected groundwater seepage velocity or flow rate and
is presented throughout the report. It should be re-emphasized that the colloidal borescope is
measuring the maximum velocity values in preferential flow zones in a heterogeneous aquifer.
The colloidal borescope was used to develop the micropurge sampling methodology (Kearl et al.,
1994) and to characterize flow in heterogeneous aquifer (Kearl and Roemer, 1998). In addition,
the instrument has been used at numerous sites across the United States to evaluate groundwater
flow conditions and the effectiveness of remediation treatment systems.
RESUL TS OF FIELD MEASUREMENTS
Well H-4 was tested at five zones below the water table beginning at 93 feet below ground
surface and again at each additional 2 feet of depth.
H4-93-I:
Test depth was 93 feet below grade in a 4-inch monitoring well, screened from 92 feet
below grade to 102 feet below grade. The Monitoring Well was labeled H4.
This test was conducted 12/21/15 from 0914 to 0951 and recorded 1460 data points.
At 0925 changed tracking parameters to enhance focus on the colloids.
At 0940 changed tracking parameters again to enhance focus on the colloids.
Two solid red lines appear on the graph, which represent colloid flow direction. These
flow directions are, 94.4 degrees and 274.4 degrees.
The average direction of colloid flow was 179.84 degrees. When colloid speed was
factored in, the Aquavision Software calculated groundwater flowing at 164.30 degrees.
The flow rate of the colloids ranged from 0.20 feet per day to 282.65 feet per day, with an
average flow rate of 37.61 feet per day.
The “actual velocity”, which was calculated through the same Aquavision Software,
reported the groundwater flow rate of 2.51 feet per day. See Figure 1.
2
H4-95-III:
Test depth was 95 feet below grade in Monitoring Well H4, as previously described
above.
This test was run on 12/22/15 from 1146 to 1247 and recorded 3233 data points.
A spike in the colloid flow rate was observed during the first 15 minutes of the test.
The average direction of colloid flow was 180.57 degrees. When colloid speed was
factored in, the Aquavision software calculated groundwater flowing at 196.63 degrees.
The flow rate of the colloids ranged from 7.35 feet per day to 1403.49 feet per day, with
an average flow rate of 126.43 feet per day.
The “actual velocity” calculated with the Aquavision Software, reported the groundwater
flow rate of 5.66 feet per day. See Figure 2.
H4-97-III:
Test depth was 97 feet below grade in Monitoring Well H4.
This test was run on 12/22/15 from 1255 to 1356 and recorded 3601 data points.
Maximum velocity tracking parameter was adjusted throughout test. This parameter was
changed as higher velocities were observed, in real time.
The average direction of colloid flow was 184.27 degrees. When colloid speed was
factored in, the Aquavision Software calculated groundwater flowing at 277.14 degrees.
The flow rate of the colloids ranged from 7.29 feet per day to 105.32 feet per day, with an
average flow rate of 67.78 feet per day.
The “actual velocity” calculated with the Aquavision Software, reported the groundwater
flow rate of 9.17 feet per day. See Figure 3.
H4-99-II:
Test depth was 99 feet below grade in Monitoring Well H4.
This test was run on 12/22/15 from 1412 to 1517 and recorded 3546 data points.
The average direction of colloid flow was 183.78 degrees. When colloid speed was
factored in, the Aquavision Software calculated groundwater flowing at 277.35 degrees.
The flow rate of the colloids ranged from 5.69 feet per day to 1535.71 feet per day, with
an average flow rate of 60.11 feet per day.
The “actual velocity” calculated with the Aquavision Software, reported the groundwater
flow rate of 8.79 feet per day. See Figure 4.
H4-101-I
Test depth was 101 feet below grade in Monitoring Well H4.
This test was run on 12/22/15 from 1518 to 1618 and recorded 3631 data points.
The average direction of colloid flow was 184.57 degrees. When colloid speed was
factored in, the Aquavision Software calculated groundwater flowing at 290.55 degrees.
The flow rate of the colloids ranged from 7.34 feet per day to 1494.20 feet per day, with
an average flow rate of 66.29 feet per day.
The “actual velocity” calculated with the Aquavision Software, reported the groundwater
flow rate of 6.94 feet per day. See Figure 5.
3
CONCLUSIONS
The colloidal borescope test conducted on Monitoring Well H4 did not identify a preferential
pathway in which groundwater was flowing; After reviewing the graphs and data from each test
interval, swirling conditions were exhibited.
Monitoring Well H4 was screened from 92 feet below grade to 102 feet below grade. Test depth
intervals started at 93 feet below grade and continued every 2 feet. There were multiple reasons
for swirling conditions, including proximity to the top and bottom of the screened section, as
well as groundwater chemistry, and turbidity. The water was turbid and had a high electrical
conductivity value. These two factors obscured the focus of the borescope on the colloids. The
borescope was able to detect and track colloids, but adjusting the tracking parameters in the
Aquavision Software did not help to enhance the focus of the borescope. This can be seen in the
graphs generated from each borescope test. Each graph contains thousands of data points
indicating flow direction ranging the entire 360 degrees.
Even though a dominating flow direction was not visible through the graphs, the recorded data
indicates important trends. The first two Tests, H4-93-I and H4-95-III, report groundwater was
flowing approximately South. The other three Tests, H4-97-III H4-99-II and H4-101-I, reported
that groundwater was flowing approximately West. It is important to note that these velocity
vectors were calculated through the Aquavision Software from data recorded during each test.
According to onsite bore logs, Monitoring Well H4 was screened in a fractured limestone
bedrock. When comparing the calculated flow rates from each of the five tests, they were typical
of flow rates in other fractured limestones.
The results indicate a non-preferential flow in H4, but report a South and West component of
flow, which changes with depth. The flow rates also indicate that H-4 is completed in a fractured
limestone, confirmed through the bore logs.
As indicated initially, swirling conditions were observed in monitoring well H-4. A single flow
direction was not shown by the tests. South, southeast, southwest, west, and northwest were all
flow vectors observed during the testing. Figure 6 is a representation of the flow directions
recorded at each depth tested.
If flow is to the south, monitoring well H-3 is located almost due south 1400 feet and would
serve as downgradient monitoring point for that component of flow. Well BC-3 is located
southwest of H-4 at a distance of 6400 feet between the two wells and will serve as a monitoring
point for flow to the southwest. Perchlorate has not been detected in either of these downgradient
wells.
Groundwater flow direction from the 2015 piezometric surface map (Figure 7) generated from
water levels collected during 2015 shows a flow direction south and east at monitoring well H-4.
Additionally, particle tracking (see Figure 8) generated from the groundwater flow model for the
Promontory Facility show that a particle traveling in groundwater would move south and east
from well H-4. It is assumed from these lines of evidence, along with the colloidal borescope
showing south, and west (or swirling) conditions, that groundwater would follow a direction to
the south.
4
FIGURE 1
H4-93-I
Date: Dec 21, 2015 - Depth 93
- Direction a Velocity
1000
300 -■ -
4
240 -■
180 -- a -
_ 4
4.^ A
- ' ■ 4 ^ A“
A A A “ A’ A A
A . A.A. A. .A
A Am " • A■ — A--------A.----------4 - — j
4 “
-- 900
, V - 700
120 - i
60 -■*
A 4 a
4 4 1 a1 A£ a . aa a “ V
---7T“2nl------AA-
A , A A ^A 4
A '* 4
* A A A-
A
—- —at -
A A
' A -.7...A A
4 A A A - 4 * 4,4
- m A A _
- * __ . ~ _4_ t '^■-V 1 ~
AA4 ^ 4 ■ &A A A "
iA i* - *‘ 4 ‘ 1 - 4 \\ -
44 1 4 4 4. - ‘ - 4.«4* 4* - u“ 4 * 4
•- 4 4^ . 4 A
* - ■ ‘ *- 4. ‘ '
S-4 4 4 - 4 4 - 4-
.. -i— >4- - --4----------r-----t- t-r-
_A AJ, A -A A A -
4**\
44"
A A
aA a
■ - 600
•- 500
u
400 m
/
3..300 ®
.. 200
■ - 100
09:14:46 09:21:03 09:32:51
Time (1460 Data Points 09:14:46 - 09:51:33)
09:41:07
Vel. Vector: 164.30 - Actual Vel iun/sec): 8.84
C:\Users\geotechuser\Desktcp\Sarthfax\H4.aqv
Wefl Anatyss Summary
Well Name: H4-93-1
Depth: 93
Mag. Dec: +5.60
Date: Dec21, 2015
Time: 09:14:46 - 09:51:33
Data Points: 1460
Avg Dr Med Dr Min Dir Max Dir StdDev
179.84 180.15 022 35984 95.61
utn/sec:
ft/day:
ft/day/2.
ft/day/3:
ft/day/4:
Avg Vel MedVe!Min Vel Max Vei StdDev
133.09
37.81
18.90
12.60
9.45
32.22
9.15
4.58
3.05
2.29
0.72
0.20
0.10
0.07
0.05
994.91
28265
141.32
9422
70.66
19329
54.91
27.46
18.30
13.73
Velocity Vector.
Azimuth: 164.30
Actual Velocity_____________
u m/sec 8.84
It/day: 2.51
t/day/2 126
ft/day/3: 0.84
ft/day/4: 0.63
FIGURE 2
H4-95-III
Date: Dec 22, 2015 - Depth 95 FEET
- Direction a Velocity
360
300 -* ‘
A A "
. **
: - "
V-‘
5000
-- 4500
4000
240 -■
c 130 -■>
t «
- aU4 - it a:4 A-£ £
• ' W"* N
A4 .
: 'Aa“"_ -
- t .... * _ _ - s -* X--- : f*v/
3500
;'7V ^
-- 3000 ®
t
2500 y_
120 >\* I4* 1
- A ■ - 2000 m
1500 e
- ■-- - -i -A A - - At.VA s - A A _ A -4 /. _ » - " A - - - A
-w." r-y
A - A VA A_ Ar t-flr 4 -A. -- -!► - A i:oo
500- A
m
11:46:25 12:06:52 12:20:20
Time (3233 Data Points 11:46:25 - 12:47:17)
12:33:49 12:47:17
Vel. Vector: 196.83 - Actual Vel (um/sec): 19.94
C:\Users\gectechuser\Desktop\Sarthfax\H4-95-III.aqv
Well Analysis Summary
Wett Name: H4-95-HI
Depth: 95 FEET
Mag. Dec: +5.60
Date: Dec 22,2015
Time: 11:46:25-12:47:17
Data Points: 3233
umfeec:
ft/day:
ft/day/ 2
fl/day/3
ft/day/4
Avg Dir Med Dir Min Dir Max Dr StdDev
180.57
Ayg Vei
177.36
Med Ve!
0.05
Min Vei
360.00
Max Vei
97.07
StdDev
445.02
126.43
63.21
42.14
31.61
100.33
28.50
14.25
9.50
7.13
25.88
7.35
3.68
245
1.84
4940.30
1403.49
701.75
467.83
350.87
777.39
22085
11042
73.62
55.21
Velocity Vector.
Azimuth: 196.83
Actual Velocity_____________
u m/sec 19.94
t/day: 5.66
ft/day/2: 2.83
t/day/3: 1.89
ft/day/4: 1.42
FIGURE 3
H4-97-III
Date: Dec 22, 2015 - Depth 97 FEET
- Direction a Velocity
360
300 —- - tr '1 2^^ = ^T-‘ V- ^ Vi"- - 5000 e— •oa- ■%- ~ j-iT—*~ *■ - z~__—■ ?i -c:- ->■ ^v1- » ■ ■* — — -w ^ =; i”a - _ - - - - Jr~-
n ^"5. -*-— ” J^k -Sr --•» ■ _ - _.- ■m.S’ ~~ ~——~V.--c’-C.'?_='r_Z ~—-mr lS-- - “ t»" 'vTr"-,V p“ 240 ^7.- ;>>.4^<7=t^±f.4000 ±
E
e
c 180 --.
€000
4 .. _4
- — *r i
-■4 t
-a:: 4-
■A4 - 4-
* ’ ** -4 3000 J_
o 1 _. f— -=r——--- ^r-=— -Zz. - ■*>!- -7=*^" _ -%vv_v-_= --_ _-^1 - 1 ^ • - r^_ ._ ~
* — - -_ — _ - - a - ■- - - “ % --*• — -r^ - “ - a/ - ^ v •<
n V - •- C -- ^ - * =• *■ ' - 4 *--* w. * - ’ . “-W-:-> -V'^
’ ■#L- -“ /r-- "^V*>.“«iu!r _■• = •—• -_-— ^ ^" -A -_ -j|£. ■£& -“■»- ~ - •s.jjfe? - -vt
, 4,,,. 4. .a: ***
u
000 m
/
3
nnn ®
tit?
12:55:58 13:10:58 13:25:58 13:40:59
Time {3€01 Data Points 12:55:58 - 13:56:05)
13:56:05
Vel. Vector: 277.14 - Actual Vel (um/sec): 32.27
C:\User3\geotechuser\De3ktop\Earthfax\H4-97-III.aqy
WedAnafrete Strnmay
W*f NUIC H4-97-B
OepRt 97 FEET
Mag DK +5uB0
Dale Dee 22.2015
litre: 1255:58-1336:05
Data POME 3501
umftec
way:
way; 2
way; 3:
way; 4:
AvgOr MedOtr MW CH M»ot MOW
184.27
AvgVfl
18694
Med Vet
1.05
MBVH
359.77
MixVfel
97.15
SdOw
23890
67.78
3189
2239
1695
9581
2792
1391
9.07
6 80
25.S
7.29
164
243
1.82
5650.71
1606.32
80266
535.11
401.33
451.B
12&32
64.16
4277
3208
Vtaoety vector_____________
Aatoistfi: 277.14
Actm vaociy__________
BBflAec. 3227
nay: ».i7
nay; 2 isa
nay; 3 xae
nay / 4: 229
FIGURE 4
H4-99-II
Date: Dec 22, 2015 - Depth 99 FEET
- Direction a Velocity
360
300 -•
240 -■
120 --
60
--
.? .-.f
• ' . 4r .-c- T-- - f V\ f r
: •?.* V' V ' V.'
6000
j- 5000
• -
.T* 'T ; . _ *. *- -V
r - . : v >
. 1 ~s* -v __C.^ -v - -?V- 4000
- _ A 4 A
' :
* **l‘*A*
: -a.
-A-r* ^.. _ -a -
- *a-
\ a -«•"a- -. -Tl
-A
- 'A- V
„ . * m _*.V/CA* * -- I" -A--,
— - . ;*: •'* ’ >4- -- .-.i a- i»*. --? > ;.v:-
^ “ A ^ . . • “ « a a • ^ ^ • • •
<i>' * . ac-«5. • •; ^ **»■.*:£*■*. >- v-r*'.;
<? * * a ^ /i.A, ^ 4/4*4 \i.4 1 ,* 1 ' ‘/4i‘i “A ^4 ' 44
44 4 ^ .4.4 i4l i 4i4* 4 A.4 444 444 44
14 <8 *4 . .4
A .
A A *- .44 ■»44 .4i 4*. #4 4 44444i n*4 44 _A AAA 4
y
3000 y>
/
2000 s
1000
14:12:55 14:30:16 14:45:02
Time <0 Data Points - )
14:59:48 15:17:24
Vel. Vector: 0.00 - Actual Vel (um/sec): 0.00
C:\Users\geotechuser\Desktop\H4-99-II.aqv
WeJi Analysis Summary
Well Name: H 4-99-11
Depth: 99 FEET
Mag. Dec: +5.60
Date: Dee 22,2015
Time: 14:12:55-15:17:25
Date Points:3546
um/sec:
ft/day:
ft/day/2
ft/day/3
ft/day/4
Avg Dir Med Dir Min Dir Max Dir StdDev
183.78
AvgVei
185.15
MedVe!
1.57
Min Vei
359.69
MaxVei
96.79
StdDev
211.58
60.11
30.05
20 04
1503
95.69
27.19
13.59
9.06
6.80
20.04
5.69
2.85
1.90
1.42
5405.70
1535.71
767.86
511.90
383.93
369j62
105.00
52.50
35.00
26.25
Vetodty Vector:___________
Azimuth. 277.35
Actual Vetocfty____________
urn/sec 30.93
8 Way: 8.79
ft/day / 2: 4.39
ft/day/3: 293
ft/day/4. 220
FIGURES
H4-1Q1-I
Date: Dec 22, 2015 - Depth 101 FEET
- Direction a Velocity
3€Q
300 --. - -r-: - ---•* '-\r. • -f V XV»*. ^ ••v'.'V y Z -
240 - - * -*
- • *-4 '
180 -
€000
x.; : ■ - 5000
4000
-- 3000
a -
a
- * ’ • : " ' 'A *’120 - •_ -“=*
_ A -. - ' *:________* a-.
a - a - - aA A- a
. a a.■ ■a .r" 4VaT ‘ . -a'
a-_.
M
i
&mm mm
2 000 s
15:18:04 15:33:17 15:43:24
Time <3631 Data Points 15:18:04 - 1€:18:42>
16:03:31
1000
16:18:40
Vel. Vector: 290.55 - Actual Vel {um/sec): 24.43
C:\Users\gectechuser\Desktop\Earthfax\H4-101-I.aqy
•h p >»
WeH Anatyss Summary
Wefl Name: H4-101-1
Depth: 101 FEET
Mag. Dec: +5.60
Date: Dec 22, 2015
Time: 15:18:04-16:18:42
Data Points:3631
um/sec:
fl/day:
fl/day/2
fl/day/3
ft/day/4
Avg Dr Med Dir Min Dir Max Dir StdDev
184.57
Aarg Vel
188.30
Med Vel
0.59
M in Vel
359.80
MaxVei
97.77
StdDev
233.32
66.29
3314
22.10
16.57
96.85
27.51
13.76
9.17
6.88
25.85
7.34
3.67
2.45
1.84
5259.60
1494.20
747.10
498.07
373.55
410.38
116.59
5829
38.86
29.15
Velocity Vector.
Azimuth: 290.55
Actual Vetocfty
um/secc 24.43
ft/day: 6.94
ft/day/2: 3.47
ft/day/3: 2.31
ft/day/4: 1.74
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FIGURE 6. ZONE VELOCITY VECTORS
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FLOW DIRECTION
• GROUNDWATER ELEVATION CONTOUR
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