DSHW-2005-001706 - 0901a0688013a463

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PILOT TEST WORK PLAN
FOR PERCHLORATE REMEDIATION
PROMONTORY FACILITY
PROMONTORY, UTAH
Prepared for:
June 22,2005
AT1C'51278.001/SLC5R031
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc.
Page i of V June 22, 2005
KLEINFELDER
Prepared For:
Alliant Techsystems
P.O. Box 707
Brigham City, UT 84302-0707
File No.: 51278.001
PILOT TEST WORK PLAN
FOR PERCHLORATE REMEDIATION
PROMONTORY FACILITY
PROMONTORY, UTAH
Prepared By:
David Jenkins, P.E.
Senior Environmental Engineer
^-grk^-^^v^J
Project Manager
Reviewed By:
David L.C6hank, Jr., P.G. ' 0
Project Quality Control Manager
Prepared By:
KLEINFELDER, INC.
849 West Levoy Drive, Suite 200
SaU Lake City, UT 84123
[phone]
June 22, 2005
ATK/51278.001/SLC5R031
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc.
Page ii of v June 22, 2005
KLEINFELDER
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION PAGE
1. INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Pilot Test Objective 1
1.2 Purpose 1
1.3 Scope 1
1.4 Project Staffing and Point of Contact 2
1.4.1 Project StafT 2
1.4.2 Regulatory Point of Contact 2
1.5 Work Plan Organization 3
2. PROJECT BACKGROUND AND SITE CONDITIONS 4
2.1 Overview of Perchlorate Remediation 4
2.1.1 In Situ versus Ex Situ Treatment 4
2.1.2 In Situ Methods 5
2.1.3 Electron Donor Amendment 5
2.2 Results of Bench-Scale Studies 6
2.2.1 Envirogen Study 6
2.2.2 GeoSyntec/SiREM Study 6
2.3 ATK Promontory Facility Site Conditions 7
2.3.1 Geology 7
2.3.2 Hydrogeology 7
3. ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS 9
3.1 Pre-Field Activity Plans 9
3.1.1 Schedule 9
3.1.2 Permitting 9
3.1.3 Abbreviated Safety and Health Plan 10
3.1.4 Site Training 11
3.1.5 Field Records 11
3.1.6 Abbreviated Sampling and Analysis Plan 12
3.2 Pilot Test Completion Report 12
4. TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS 14
4.1 Overview 14
4.2 Mobilization Activities 14
4.3 Groundwater Monitoring 15
4.4 Sparge Well Installation 15
4.4.1 Location 15
4.4.2 Drilling and Soil Logging 16
4.4.3 Construction Requirements 16
4.5 Pilot Test Vapor Sparging 18
4.5.1 System Configuration 18
4.5.2 Groundwater Monitoring Program 20
4.6 Pilot Test Completion Report 21
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KLEINFELDER
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
SECTION
5. REFERENCES.
PAGE
22
TABLE
FIGURES
Durations for System Operation
1 Site and Hospital Location Map
2 Pilot Test Vicinity Map
3 Extended Geologic Cross Section
4 Pilot Test Project Schedule
5 Pilot Test Equipment Configuration Schematic
APPENDICES
A Reference Paper: /« 5/7M Bioremediation of Perchlorate
B Abbreviated Safety and Health Plan
C Abbreviated Sampling and Analysis Plan
ATK/51278.001/SLC5R031
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc.
Page iv of v June 22, 2005
KLEINFELDER
ACRONYMS
M-g/L micrograms per liter
ATK Alliant Techsystems Thiokol Propulsion
ASAP Abbreviated Sampling and Analysis Plan
ASHP Abbreviated Safety and Health Plan
bgs below ground surface
CIH certified industrial hygienist
DO dissolved oxygen
DSHW Division ofSolid and Hazardous Waste
fl/day feet per day
ft/ft feet per foot
mg/L milligram per liter
MSDS material safety data sheet
ORP oxidation-reduction potential
PID photoionization detector
psi pounds per square inch
PTCR Pilot Test Completion Report
Q/D quantity/distance
scfm standard cubic feet per minute
TDS total dissolved solids
UIC Underground Injection Control
VOA volatile organic analysis
VOC volatile organic compound
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KLEINFELDER
INTRODUCTION
1.1 PILOT TEST OBJECTIVE
The objective of this pilot test application is to investigate a method for in situ remediation of
perchlorate-impacted groundwater. This method involves applying a vapor amendment of mixed
ethyl acetate and nitrogen into the subsurface via sparging. The pilot test application will be
performed at the Alliant Techsystems Thiokol Propulsion (ATK) - Promontory Facility (the
Site), located in Promontory, Utah, as shown on Figure 1. If successful, this application could be
applied to remediate perchlorate-impacted groundwater at this Site and the Bacchus Facility.
This approach to groundwater remediation requires significantly less cost and maintenance than
traditional pump-and-treat methods.
1.2 PURPOSE
The purpose ofthe pilot test is to assess if direct injection (sparging) with a vapor amendment of
ethyl acetate and nitrogen is efFective at degrading perchlorate-impacted groundwater at the Site.
Sparging, as a means of introducing a vapor amendment in situ, is a familiar technology shown to
be an effective method of dispersing amendments into the subsurface.
1.3 SCOPE
The scope of the pilot test involves drilling a sparge well upgradient of groundwater monitoring
well B-6 to approximately 130 feet below ground surface (bgs) as shown on Figure 2. A difhiser
will be installed in the well to deliver a gaseous (vapor) form of ethyl acetate and nitrogen
amendment for a period of approximately 30 days. Amendment injection rates are estimated to
be 5 standard cubic feet per minute (scfm). The vapor amendment will be supplied by a simple
system where nitrogen is diffused into liquid ethyl acetate and the resulting vapor is injected into
the subsurface via the pressure from the nitrogen supply tank (see Section 4.4.3 for details). A
nutrient amendment may also be applied to enhance degradation rates. Groundwater samples
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KLEINFELDER
will be taken before, during, and after the pilot test to evaluate the effectiveness of this
technology for degrading perchlorate and to monitor changes in groundwater chemistry at well
B-6.
1.4 PROJECT STAFFING AND POINT OF CONTACT
1.4.1 Project Staff
Technical design personnel for the work plan include:
David Shank Kleinfelder, Project Quality Control Manager (801) 261 -3336
David Jenkins Kleinfelder, Technical Design [phone]
Jen Cowan Kleinfelder, Project Manager [phone]
Technical reviewers and on-site persoimel from ATK include:
Chris Busch Project Manager (801) 251 -3562
Paul Hancock Environmental Director [phone]
Jonathan Hermance Geologist (Bacchus) [phone]
John Holladay Geologist (Promontory) [phone]
ATK will provide groundwater sampling and analytical services, as they are located near the site
and are familiar with groundwater monitoring protocols.
1.4.2 Regulatory Point of Contact
The primary regulatory contact for this project is:
Mr. Jeff Vandel
State of Utah
Department of Environmental Quality
Division ofSolid and Hazardous Waste (DSHW)
P.O. Box 144880
Sah Lake City, UT 84114-4880
[phone]
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1.5 WORK PLAN ORGANIZATION
This work plan is organized to provide guidance on completing a pilot test for perchlorate
remediation at the ATK - Promontory Facility. The sections ofthe work plan are as follows:
• Section 1 provides the introduction to the project;
• Section 2 describes the technology and site background;
• Section 3 discusses administrative requirements;
• Section 4 lists the technical requirements;
• Section 5 provides references related to the project;
• Appendix A provides a case study for bench top-scale studies involving perchlorate
degradation;
• Appendix B outlines safety and health considerations for the pilot test; and
• Appendix C details the groundwater sample collection procedures.
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PROJECT BACKGROUND AND SITE CONDITIONS
2.1 OVERVIEW OF PERCHLORATE REMEDIATION
An increasing number of studies and field tests indicate that perchlorate can be remediated by in
situ biodegradation with the addition of an electron donor directly into the subsurface. The
objective of in situ remediation is to amend subsurface conditions to stimulate the biodegradation
of perchlorate by bringing it into contact with an electron donor such as hydrogen, ethyl acetate,
or ethanol. The perchlorate-reducing bacteria then use the combination of oxidant, electron
donor, and carbon (either from the donor or, in the case of hydrogen addition, the soil) to
chemically transform the perchlorate into organic matter (biomass), carbon dioxide, water, and
harmless chloride ions (Cl). The reaction products are shown below:
Perchlorate (CIO;) Chlorate (CIO;) Chlorite (CIO;) Chloride (Ct)
2.1.1 In Situ versus Ex Situ Treatment
Groundwater remediation in situ offers advantages over ex situ, which requires extracting
groundwater. The primary disadvantage of treating extracted groundwater with ex situ
remediation through biodegradation is that, in addition to the high initial capitol investment, it
requires continuous maintenance of equipment and costly separation and disposal of excess
biomass. In contrast, in situ remediation of perchlorate is gaining popularity because, unlike ex
situ approaches, it facilitates indigenous microbes in their natural habitat. Thus, there is no waste
product requiring costly disposal. Additionally, the costs of amendments for biodegradation are
also much less expensive than the costs of resins in an ex situ extract-amend-reinject (or more
commonly known as pump-and-treat) system.
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2.1.2 In Sihi Methods
Currently, there are several viable engineering methods to introduce amendments (or electron
donors) in situ within the saturated zone that are either being proposed, tested, or implemented at
perchlorate-impacted sites. These include permeable barriers, direct injection, and vertical
treatment wells. Permeable barriers have historically been installed via trenching and slurry
injection methods. Amendment injection methods £U"e in the conceptual stages and can involve
direct liquid injection, direct vapor injection (sparging), or extract-amend-reinject methods.
Vertical treatment wells require active pumping, liquid amendment addition, and reinjection. As
described previously, the approach for in situ treatment that was selected for this pilot test is
sparging. The benefits of sparging derive from the properties of the vapor. Sparging will
minimize the potential for biofouling and maximize the amendment distribution via the
diffiasiveness and buoyancy force of the vapor, which will drive the amendment upward through
the aquifer.
2.1.3 Electron Donor Amendment
Following an evaluation of numerous potential electron donor amendments, Kleinfelder believes
that sparging with ethyl acetate has merit for testing and potential full-scale implementation at
the Site. Appendix A presents a technical paper that demonstrates acetate as a successful
electron donor in bench-scale tests (Envirogen, 2000). Ethyl acetate was selected over acetate
because the ethyl group on this molecule will provide additional electron donor capacity. It is
our opinion that direct injection of ethyl acetate as an electron donor by sparging is particularly
compatible with the site and has the potential to be a cost effective, low maintenance, and
successful strategy to significantly reduce both perchlorate and nitrate concentrations in the
subsurface. Sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP) may also be added as a nutrient amendment to
increase degradation rates.
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2.2 RESULTS OF BENCH-SCALE STUDIES
2.2.1 Envirogen Study
As presented in Appendix A, some key observations of perchlorate degradation were made in
bench top-scale studies conducted with soil and groundwater from various sites (Envirogen,
2000). Significant observations that were noted include:
• Dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, and nitrite are degraded preferentially to perchlorate.
• Depending on the site, indigenous bacteria may be present in the aquifer. The
bacteria can be stimulated to degrade perchlorate with the addition of electron donors.
• Sites with low pH values (<6 units) are inhibitory to biological perchlorate reduction.
The rate of perchlorate reduction decreased moderately with increases in
concentration of salinity (25-50% that of seawater).
• Diammonium phosphate was added to provide nutrients (nitrogen and phosphorus)
for bacteria growth.
2.2.2 GeoSyntec/SiREM Shidy
A laboratory microcosm study performed by SiREM Laboratories demonstrated that indigenous
bacteria in ATK's Bacchus Facility aquifer degraded perchlorate with the addition of a soluble
electron donor. For the proposed pilot test site at Promontory, we have assumed that similar
conditions exist in the aquifer there.
According to GeoSyntec, potential groundwater quality impacts of electron donor additions
appeared to be limited to mobilization of low levels of dissolved iron and manganese. However,
based on other field demonstrations as observed by SiREM, those compounds were expected to
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attenuate to background levels with relatively short distances downgradient fi-om the treatment
area (GeoSyntec/SiREM, 2003).
2.3 ATK PROMONTORY FACILITY SITE CONDITIONS
2.3.1 Geology
The proposed study area at ATK's Promontory Facility lies to the north of the Great Salt Lake.
Here, interbedded sediments from ancient Lake Bormeville overlie alluvial fan deposits and
Tertiary lucustrine sediments from pre-Bonneville lakes. Bedrock depths are typically several
hundred feet below the ground surface. The generalized cross section that is presented on Figure
3 illustrates the regional hydrogeologic units in this area and is oriented along the approximate
longitudinal axis ofthe perchlorate-impacted groundwater plume.
The aquifer beneath the study area is a productive zone alluvial sediments consisting of
interbedded clays, silts, and gravels that lie above sandstone and semi-consolidated bedrock (see
Figure 3). Deeper groundwater wells in the area that penetrate the bedrock do not produce much
water from the predominately sandstone and limestone bedrock layers that underlie the study
area.
2.3.2 Hydrogeology
Recharge to the groundwater table originates as precipitation and run-off along the mountain
front. Natural groundwater flow beneath the proposed study area is estimated to be 1 foot per
day (ft/day) with a southem gradient direction towards the Great Salt Lake. This was calculated
from a hydraulic conductivity of 470 ft/day as obtained from a pump test evaluation of the
groundwater conducted by EarthFax (1991), a horizontal groundwater gradient of 0.00067 feet
per foot (ft/ft), and a f>orosity of 30 percent. Depth to groundwater was measured at well B-6 at
100.01 feet bgs during groundwater sampling on April 7, 2005.
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2.3.3 Groundwater Chemistry
Perchlorate concenfration in samples from well B-6, which is in the area ofthe pilot test location,
was approximately 42,000 micrograms per liter (|ig/L) during a sampling event on April 7, 2005.
Samples were collected using a downhole pump. Concentrafions of perchlorate appear to have
slowly increased in well B-6 since 1991. Total dissolved solids (TDS) and major anions also
have high concentrations in groundwater samples from this well. Laboratory results from this
event are included in the Abbreviated Sampling and Analysis Plan (ASAP) for this project (see
Section 3.1.6).
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ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS
The following sections describe the pre- and post-construction plans, reports, and adminisfrative
requirements to be followed while performing the pilot test near well B-6.
3.1 PRE-FIELD ACTIVITY PLANS
3.1.1 Schedule
Figure 4 illustrates the estimated pilot test schedule, with appropriate major and minor project
task links. Once this work plan is completed and the sparge well constructed, the injection
period will follow for approximately 30 days. If the observed rate of perchlorate degradation is
less than desirable after 30 days (i.e., less than approximately 20% reduction of baseline
concentration), it will be suggested that sparging continue for an additional 30 days with system
adjustments and continued groundwater monitoring. Pilot test results will be complied in a
completion report that will be prepared approximately a month after laboratory results are
received from post-injection groundwater samples.
3.1.2 Permitting
Well Drillins Permit
The State of Utah requires a non-production well construction permit for wells deeper than 30
feet. Properly executed permits for the sparge well will be obtained from the Division of Water
Rights prior to commencement of well drilling. The driller shall also be licensed as a Water Well
Driller in the State of Utah.
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Injection Permit
Additionally, the Division of Water Quality also requires that an inventory information form be
filled out for the Underground Injection Confrol (UIC) Program. In discussions with the
Division, the pilot test will likely be permitted by rule, similarly to the GeoSyntec pilot test at the
Bacchus Facility.
Hot Work Permit
At any time, if work requires the use of a cutting torch or welding device, a Hot Work Permit
will be obtained from ATK. This permit requires specific safety protocols to be followed for
prevention of accidental fire, explosion, or electrocution. If needed. Hot Work Permits can be
obtained through John Holladay, [phone] at the Promontory Facility.
3.1.3 Abbreviated Safety and Health Plan
An Abbreviated Safety and Health Plan (ASHP) is included in Appendix B of this work plan.
The ASHP has been reviewed and approved by Kleinfelder's Certified Industrial Hygienist (CIH)
for activities relating directly to Kleinfelder's responsibilities. Field personnel shall be familiar
with the requirements of the ASHP and the attached MSDSs for chemicals used as part of the
pilot test. A signature page is provided for those required to review the ASHP before
commencing fieldwork. Personnel will also be familiarized with special provisions regarding
rules and procedures specific to the Site as provided by ATK's facility training. ATK maintains
an intemal site-specific health and safety plan for their personnel. However, it is recommended
that ATK and other subcontractor personnel follow at a minimum the requirements of
Kleinfelder's ASHP for performing sampling activities.
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3.1.4 Site Training
Promontory facility-specific training and orientation will be completed before fieldwork begins.
This will include viewing a video that addresses site-specific health and safety protocols and
procedures needed to obtain security badges and authorization to work on site. This training and
orientation program is provided by ATK. John Holladay will be Kleinfelder's site contact at
[phone] for scheduling the training. Addifionally, contractors will obtain a worksite
permit that is contractor and work specific before initiating field activities.
3.1.5 Field Records
Field records will be maintained in logbooks. Field logbooks shall be kept and will contain, at a
minimum, the information described below. The page numbers, project name, project number,
site location, sampling event, project manager, telephone number, and address of contractor
office will be listed in indelible ink. The field logbook will be dedicated to the project and
maintained by field personnel, who will sign and date it prior to inifiation of field activities that
day.
The logbooks shall provide a daily record of times, weather conditions, personnel present and
their activities, descriptions of fieldwork (drilling, system set-up, sampling, etc.), and unexpected
conditions. Entries shall provide factual, detailed, objective information.
If authorized by ATK, digital site photographs shall be described and documented in a photo-log
sheet with all entries made in ink, signed, and dated. Entries for digital site photographs shall
include the project name and number, date of the photograph, weather conditions, the
photographer, subject, photo number, and a brief description of the purpose of the photograph.
Photographs shall be taken only when accompanied with an ATK employee who has acquired an
approved permit for photography. Digital camera memory media shall be emptied before and
after use at the site.
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All project field activities shall be recorded on a daily field report form. The daily report shall
contain a chronological summary of daily work completed, materials used (including ethyl
acetate levels when appropriate), system measurements, weather conditions, safety levels,
equipment, and all events pertinent to the work performed in the field that day. Any deviafions
from project plans shall also be recorded. Daily field ref>orts will become part ofthe permanent
project records and will be included in the Pilot Test Completion Report (PTCR) when the pilot
test is completed.
3.1.6 Abbreviated Sampling and Analysis Plan
Due to the nature of the pilot test, it is critical to acquire as much information at possible to
characterize subsurface conditions during the injection period. Kleinfelder has provided
sampling guidance and protocols in the ASAP (Appendix C). It is critical that low-flow
sampling techniques be utilized during the pilot test monitoring to minimized disturbance to the
anaerobic conditions in the aquifer.
3.2 PILOT TEST COMPLETION REPORT
After completion of the pilot test field activities described in Section 4 of this work plan,
Kleinfelder will prepare the project PTCR describing the work performed. The PTCR shall be
submitted to ATK and DSHW for review and approval. The PTCR shall include:
• A summary describing work performed with details ofany deviations from the work
plan;
• Description of any unexpected conditions encountered during the progress of the
work and actions taken to resolve the conditions;
• An evaluafion ofthe relative success ofthe pilot test;
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• Conclusions and recommendations regarding the potential for large-scale
implementation ofthe ethyl acetate vapor sparge technology at ATK's facilities;
• Attachments containing a complete photographic log (as approved by ATK) of the
work accomplished; and
• Copies of field logbook pages, drilling logs, and analytical results.
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TECHNICAL REQUIREMENTS
4.1 OVERVIEW
Given the remote location of the site, ATK will provide groundwater sampling services, and
Thiokol Laboratory or Chemtech-Ford Laboratories (depending on the analysis) will provide
analytical services. Activities that Kleinfelder and Zimmerman Well Service will be responsible
during the pilot test include the following:
• Drilling and constructing a sparge well;
• Diffiising the vapor amendment (ethyl acetate and nitrogen) into the perchlorate-
impacted groundwater;
• Nutrient injection (if needed);
• Observations ofa subset ofgroundwater sampling events; and
• System maintenance and adjustments.
4.2 MOBILIZATION ACTIVITIES
The ATK facility engineering department will be contacted for clearing the drilling area of
utilities. By law. Blue Stakes will also be contacted at least three days in advance before drilling.
It is assumed that ATK personnel on-site will help coordinate with the utility clearance.
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4.3 GROUNDWATER MONITORING
Sampling procedures and protocols will follow the ASAP provided in Appendix C. These
procedures have been adopted primarily from typical low-flow groundwater monitoring
procedures with some modifications specific to the pilot test. Groundwater from well B-6 and
possibly T-l will be monitored for a fijll suite of analyses before the pilot test begins and then
will be monitored for a subset of analyses during the injection. The frequency will depend
largely on the observed rates of degradation and groundwater chemistry response. We have
proposed a sampling schedule on Table 1 and Figure 4. During injection, the first three sampling
events are offset by three to four days and then the offset is increased for subsequent events.
4.4 SPARGE WELL INSTALLATION
4.4.1 Location
ATK's Promontory Facility maintains numerous monitoring wells for the purposes of evaluating
groundwater quality in the vicinity of the perchlorate-impacted groundwater. Following
discussions with ATK including a review of groundwater conditions and recent perchlorate
concentrations, a suitable location for the sparge well has been identified (see Figure 2).
The general pilot test location is also indicated on the geologic cross section (see Figure 3). In
this area, monitoring well B-6 is near the upgradient end of an area where perchlorate-impacted
groundwater contains concentrations exceeding 40,000 [Xg/L. According to the well completion
information, well B-6 is completed in the alluvium sediments at a depth of 125 feet bgs.
This well location has been selected not only due to the relatively high concentration of
perchlorate in groundwater in the area, but also because the underlying aquifer is relatively
shallow at this location and access for the pilot test will not interfere with on-going operations at
the Site. Additionally, a cross gradient well, T-l, has also been identified for possible
monitoring, should groundwater flow have a more westerly direction. Two wells, E-7 and F-5
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that are down gradient of well B-6, will not be monitored as they are screened in deeper zones
within the underlying bedrock.
4.4.2 Drilling and Soil Logging
The sparge well will be installed in a boring drilled by a reverse air rotary drilling rig. Mike
Zimmerman Well Service, a State of Utah licensed well driller, was selected to drill the boring
and is approved to perform work on ATK property. The boring will be drilled using 6-inch
casing; discharged soil cuttings will be observed and logged continuously for lithological
informafion. Soil cutting samples will be collected every five feet at a minimum. The boring
will be completed to 130 feet bgs, or approximately 30 feet below groundwater. For this pilot
test, cuttings from the boring will not require containment and will be spread out onto the
surrounding ground surface.
4.4.3 Construction Requirements
WeU Details
Based on the calculated horizontal groundwater fransport velocity of 1 ft/day (see Section 2.3.2),
the sparge well will be constructed approximately 25 feet upgradient of existing monitoring well
B-6 at a depth of 130 feet bgs. At this depth, the well bottom will extend approximately 30 feet
below the groundwater surface.
The sparge well will be constructed with ? inch tubing attached to a specially designed porous
tubular ceramic diffuser, which will deliver the vapor amendment into the groundwater. The
diffuser will be placed at the bottom of the borehole through the 6-inch drill casing with the
tubing extending up to the ground surface. Two in-line check valves will be installed at the
surface to prevent groundwater intrusion into the system. A second line, Vi inch in size, will also
be installed next to the sparge line down the well. This line may be used for the optional
introduction of a nutrient supplement, sodium trimetaphosphate (TMP), for enhancing bacterial
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degradation of the perchlorate. A check valve will be installed at the end of the line to prevent
backflow during injection.
The bottom 3 feet of the well around the sparge point and will be filled with #3 Monterey silica
sand to allow the vapor amendment to disperse easily into the surrounding aquifer. A 3-foot
thick section of bentonite pellets will be used to create a seal above the silica sand. The
remainder of the boring will be backfilled with cement-bentonite slurry or other approved
armular backfill material to prevent the vapor from migrating to the surface through the boring
and provide a surface seal around the well. Details regarding the sparge well design are shown in
Figure 5.
Svstem Details
The sparge line will be equipped with two check-valves at the ground completion end ofthe well.
The check-valves will be installed in the vapor amendment supply line above (upstream) the
wellhead to avoid backflow and intrusion ofgroundwater into the tubing while the sparge well is
depressurized during the pilot test. The nutrient line will also be equipped with a check-valve
upstream ofthe wellhead to prevent intrusion ofgroundwater, A pressure release valve will be
installed above (upsfream) the check-valves on the sparge line to minimize the potential for the
system to become over pressurized (>100 psi). A sample port will be installed above the
pressure release valve to monitor the concentration of ethyl acetate and nitrogen vapor exiting the
diffiision vessel. Readings will be obtained with a photoionization detector (PID). The target
mass load for the vapor is 100 milligrams per liter (mg/L) of ethyl acetate, which was
demonstrated to be a desirable amount in the bench-scale study (Envirogen, 2000).
The diffusion vessel, which is constructed with type 304 stainless steel, will be fitted with a sight
tube to monitor the liquid level of ethyl acetate within the vessel. The diffusion vessel has a
capacity of 33 gallons; however, the pilot test will start with 15 gallons of liquid ethyl acetate.
The bottom ofthe vessel is also fitted with a drain valve and an 8-inch flange plate for mounting
the p>orous nitrogen diffuser.
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Stainless steel tubing will provide the connecfions between the nitrogen supply tank, the
diffusion vessel, and the sparge well. A panel containing a regulator flow valve, flow meter,
pressure gauge, timer, and solenoid will be connected between the nitrogen supply tank and the
diffusion vessel. A solenoid valve and timer will regulate the system operational times. A
schematic representafion ofthe diffusion system is included in Figure 5.
4.5 PILOT TEST VAPOR SPARGING
4.5.1 System Configuration
The objective of the pilot test system is to diffuse ethyl acetate with nitrogen vapor to act as
electron donor when injected into groundwater. The pilot test system will entail the following
major components:
• Supply tank mounted on a trailer containing 55,000 cubic feet of compressed
nitrogen;
• Custom-designed stainless steel diffusion vessel for ethyl acetate and nitrogen;
• Stainless steel tubing between the tank, panel, vessel, and well; and
• The sparge well.
Following well completion, the nifrogen supply tank zind diffiision vessel will be connected
together with rigid stainless steel tubing. The liquid ethyl acetate will be added to the diffusion
vessel from 5-gallon pails using a peristaltic pump or other means to minimize volatilization and
potential human exposure (see ASHP). Nitrogen gas, as supplied by the trailer mounted supply
tank, will be piped with braided flexible stainless steel tubing to the diffiision vessel where it will
bubble through the liquid ethyl acetate under pressure. After the nitrogen gas dissolves the ethyl
ATK/51278.001/SLC5R031 Page 18 of 22 June 22, 2005
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc.
KLEINFELDER
acetate into a vapor, it will then be directed to the diffuser at the bottom of the sparge well. If
needed, nutrient amendments wil! be delivered to the bottom of the sparge well by a separate
line. The conceptual arrangement ofthe nutrient amendment line is included in Figure 5.
Vapor flow through the system will be at a rate of approximately 5 scfin for effective diffasion
into the aquifer. Pressure from the supply tank will provide an estimated 30 to 50 pounds per
square inch (psi) required to induce flow of the vapor into the sparge well. Some of the
advantages ofthis system are that there are no moving parts, the system will make no noise, there
is little potential for scaling and biofouling problems, and consumables are exceptionally cost
effective.
4.5.2 Applicafion and Operating Schedule
Ethvl Acetate
The goal will be to maintain a concentration of ethyl acetate at 100 mg/L relative to moving
groundwater. Conservatively assuming full equilibrium of ethyl acetate in the diffusion vessel
and full dissolution into groundwater, the time to deliver the mass required to reach this
concentration in the zone of influence is approximately 1 day. Thus, the system will be operated
for 24 hours initially to degrade the perchlorate around the sparge well. Thereafter, the system
will be operated intermittenUy for 2 hours every 4 days to maintain degradation of the influx of
perchlorate-impacted groundwater.
Empirical data gathered from the system start-up will be used to evaluate the assumptions made
and to refine the sparging rate and schedule. If the field conditions are similar to the
assumptions, then the operating schedule as shown in Table 1 will be used on the pilot test
system. However, it is likely that adjustments to the schedule will be made based on actual field
conditions.
ATKy51278.00]/SLC5R031 Page 19 of 22 June 22,2005
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc.
KLEINFELDER
Sodium Trimetaphosphate
As indicated in the reference paper provided in Appendix A, a phosphate amendment can be
added as a nutrient to enhance perchlorate degradation. An effective phosphate nutrient that has
been chosen for this pilot test is sodium TMP. Initially the pilot system will be monitored
without any sodium TMP for 2 weeks. If perchlorate is not degraded at desired rate, the nutrient
will be added. A concentration of 15 mg/L will be targeted in the aquifer by diluting 10 pounds
of sodium TMP powder with water in a 55-gallon drum. Approximately 50 gallons of diluted
sodium TMP in water will be injected via a pump through the Vi inch nutrient amendment line
that extends to just above the vapor diffiiser. This addition is planned as a one-time application
that will have a 24 hour residence time to enable the nutrient to disperse into the vicinity ofthe
vapor sparge head. After 24 hours, the sparge system will be activated and the convection ofthe
gas diffiision will further disperse the sodium TMP into the aquifer. Following the sodium TMP
addition, downgradient well B-6 will be monitored for phosphate and phosphorus during
groundwater sampling.
4.5.3 Groundwater Monitoring Program
To help maintain a reducing environment, the sparge well and groundwater monitoring wells B-6
and T-l will be capped and sealed from intruding surface air that could potentially affect the
anaerobic reactions taking place in the aquifer during the pilot test. If a pump and hose are to be
left in the well during the pilot test, a temporary seal will be placed at the wellhead. Details of
chemical analyses and sampling methods are provided in the ASAP (see Appendix C). A
schedule of proposed sampling dates is shown on Figure 4 and in the ASAP.
Pre-injection (Baseline) Conditions
Groundwater samples were collected recently to confirm the presence of perchlorate in
groundwater beneath the test site. Groundwater samples were collected from well B-6 on April
7, 2005 and results are provided in the ASAP (see Appendix C). Additional pre-injection
ATK/51278.001 /SLC5R031 Page 20 of 22 June 22, 2005
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc.
KLEINFELDER
groundwater samples will be collected before the start-up of the pilot test using low-flow
procedures to provide a basis of comparison and establish pre-injection baseline conditions.
Monitoring Durine the Injection Period
During the pilot test injection period, the groundwater conditions at well B-6 will be monitored
for changes in groundwater chemistry and perchlorate concentrations. The injection period is
anficipated to extend for approximately 30 days. An expedited 24 hour tum-around-time will be
requested from the laboratory for nitrate, perchlorate, and pH/oxidation-reduction potential
(ORP) analyses to allow for adjustments to the ethyl acetate concentration or application rates.
Also, a downhole-logging probe will monitor the groundwater at well B-6 for pH, conductivity,
DO, temperature, and ORP. Samples may also be taken from the cross gradient well T-l for
additional information.
4.6 PILOT TEST COMPLETION REPORT
Upon completion ofthe field activities described in this work plan, Kleinfelder will prepare the
project PTCR describing the work performed as oufiined in Section 3.2.
ATK/51278.001/SLC5R031 Page 21 of 22 June 22, 2005
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc.
Kl KLEINFELDER
REFERENCES
Envirogen, 2000. In Situ Bioremediation of Perchlorate, SERDP Project CU-1163, Annual
Report, December 2000.
GeoSyntec/SiREM, 2003. Laboratory Treatability Study to Evaluate Bioremediation of
Perchlorate and Chlorinated Solvents in Groundwater (Appendix A of Work Plan),
Bacchus Works Facility, West Valley City, Utah, October 2003.
ATK/51278.001/SLC5R031 Page 22 of 22 June 22,2005
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc.
Table 1
Durations for System Operation
Pilot Test Work Plan for Perchlorate Remediation
ATK - Promontory Facility
Pliase
Initial
Maintenance
Day
Start
4th day
7th day
nth day*
Mth day
18th day
21th day
25th day
28th day
Date
7/22/2005
7/26/2005
7/29/2005
8/2/2005
8/5/2005
8/9/2005
8/12/2005
8/16/2005
8/19/2005
Approxiiiute
Daradon
24 hours
2 hours
2 hours
2 hours
2 hours
2 hours
2 hours
2 hours
2 hours
LH
0
4
3
4
3
4
3
4
3
Description
System startup and initial
vapor delivery
Approximately 2 sparge
events per week
Note:
System operation and durations will ultimately be dependent on field conditions.
*If deemed necessary, a nutrient amendment of sodium trimetaphosphate will be also added at this
time.
ATK/51278.001/SLC5R031
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc. Page 1 of 1 June 22, 2005
Bear River Valley IHC Hospital
440 West 600 North
Tremonton, Utah
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DOTTED LINES REPRESENT 5-FOOT CONTOURS QUADRANGLE LOCATION SLC5Q071.ppt
KLEINFELDER
Date: 05/03/2005
Project Number 51278.001
Pilot Test Work Plan
ATK - Promontory Facility
SITE AND HOSPITAL LOCATION MAP
FIGURE
1
Note: Perchlorate contours do not incorporate recent well B-6 results.
SLC5d149.dwg
KLEINFELDER
Date: 05/03/2005
Project Number 51278.001
J\.
Pilot Test Work Plan
ATK - Promontory Facility
PILOT TEST VICINITY MAP
FIGURE
B
NORTH Pilot Test
Study Area
B'
NORTH
MEAN FEET
ABOVE SEE LEVEL
DISTANCE / FT
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Source: Chen Northern, Inc.
KLEINFELDER
Date: 05/03/2005
Project Number 51278.001
Pilot Test Work Plan
ATK - Promontory Facility
SLC5Q062.ppt
EXTENDED GEOLOGIC CROSS SECTION
FIGURE
Pilot Test Project Schedule
Pilot Test Work Plan for Perchlorate Remediation
ATK - Promontory Facility
ID
"'6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
IS
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
m
TasK Name
Pilot Tost
Draft Work Plan
ATK Review
Final Work Plan
UDEQ Review
Drill Sparge Well
Pilot Test System
Setup
System operation and
injection
Nutrient Amendment
Injection (optional)
Additional Injection
Monitoring (optional)
Groundwater Sampling
(Full List)
Pre-Sy»i«m Adfusmnem
(jfnasdsd)
PoM-lnjection
Groundwater Sampling
(Partial List)
GW Sampling l
GW Sampling 2
GW Sampling 3
GW Sampling 4
GW Sampling 5 (opti
GW Sampling 6 (opi)
GW Sampling 7 (opI)
Pilot Test Completion
Report
Draft Completion
Report
ATK Review
UDEQ Review
Final Completion
Report
^ KLEIN
Duration
91 days
Iday
19 days
Iday
3 days
2 days
3 days
31 edays
1 day
30 edays
46 days
Iday
1 day
1 day
36 days
1 day
1 day
Iday
1 day
1 day
1 day
1 day
32 days
5 days
8 days
14 days
5 days
Start
Fri 5/20
Fri 5/20
Wed 5/25
Wed 6/22
Fri 6/24
Tue 6/28
Tue 7/19
Fri 7/22
Thu 8/4
Wed 8/24
Fri 7/22
Fri 7/22
Wed 8/24
Fri 9/23
Tue 7/26
Tue 7/26
Mon 8/1
Fri 8/5
Mon 8/15
Mon 8/29
Mon 9/5
Tue 9/13
Tue 11/8
Tue 11/8
Tue 11/15
Fri 11/25
Thu 12/15
FELDER
Finisti Predecessors
4/24
Fri 9/23
Fri 5/20
Mon 6/20 2
Wed 6/22 3FF
Tue 6/28 3FS+3 days
Wed 6/29
Thu 7/21
Mon 8/22 7FS+1 day
Thu 8/4 8SS+12
edays
Fri 9/23 8FS+2days
Fri 9/23
Fri 7/22 8SS-1 day
Wed 8/24 10SS-1 day
Fri 9/23 lOFS-lday
Tue 9/13 8SS
Tue 7/26 12FS+3 edays
Mon 8/1 16FS+3 edays
Fri 8/5 17FS+3 edays
Mon 8/15 18FS+7 edays
Mon 8/29 13FS+3 edays
Mon 9/5 20FS+4 edays
Tue 9/13 21FS+7 edays
Wed 12/21
Mon 11/14 14FS+45
edays
Thu 11/24 24
Wed 12/14 25
Wed 12/21 26
May
5/1
June
5/8 5/15 5/22 5^9.6/5
^-sno
3rd Quarter 4th Quarter
July August September October
6/12 6/196/26 7/3 7/10 7/17 7/24 7/31 8/7 8/14 8/218/2^^^^1^9/25 10/2 10/9 0/1
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Figure 4
Pressure
Relief Valve
With J-tube
Panel
(Pressure Gauge,
Regulatory
Flow Valve,
Solenoid, Timer)
Double
Check Valves
Nitrogen and
Ethyl Acetate Vapor
r«i Sight Tube for
^ N / Liquid Level
Diffusion Vessel
• (304 stainless
steel ' 33-gallon)
Liquid Ethyl
Acetate
Nitrogen Gas
8" Nitrogen
Ditfuser
Drain
Valve
Developed by: Jenkins NOT TO SCALE SLC5Q064.ppt
KLEINFELDER
Date: 06/01/2005
Project Number 51278.001
Pilot Test Work Plan
ATK - Promontory Facility
PILOT TEST EQUIPMENT
CONFIGURATION SCHEMATIC
FIGURE
KLEINFELDER
APPENDIX A
Reference Paper:
In Situ Bioremediation of Perchlorate
In Situ Bioremediation of Perchlorate
SERDP Project CU-1163
Annual Report
Envirogen Inc.
4100 Quakerbridge Road
Lawrenceville, NJ 08648
December 01, 2000
1. PROJECT BACKGROUND
Ammonium perchlorate (NH4CIO4) has been used for decades in the United States as an oxidizer in solid
propellants and explosives The discharge of contaminated effluents from the manufacture of this
compound and from the replacement of outdated fuels in military missiles and rockets has resulted in
substantial perchlorate contamination in groundwater in several states, including CA, UT, and NV
(Utbansky, 1998). Because a sensitive detection method for peichlorate was not available until 1997, the
total scope of perchlotate contamination in the U. S. is not yet known However, in a recent study of 232
groundwater samples from CA, approximately 30 % were reported to contain perchlotate at levels
ranging from 5 ng/L to 3,700 mg/L (Logan and Kim, 1998). Other states where perchlorate has recently
t)een detected in groundwater supplies include NY, IN, IA, PA, TX and AK (EPA, 1999). Perchlorate has
t)een manufactured, shipped, or used in at least 43 states nationwide, so the extent of pollution may extend
far tjeyond cunent reports (EPA, 1999).
The public health concern for ammonium perchlorate is based largely upon the effect of the
perchlotate anion on thyroid function Perchlorate blocks the production of thyroid hormone by
inhibiting the transport of iodide into the thyroid gland (Wolff, 1998). Because of this inhibitoiy action,
perchlorate salts have been used therapeutically in large doses to treat hyperthyroid conditions, such as
that resulting from Graves' disease In addition to its inhibitory action, perchlorate has also been reported
to lead to an increased incidence of benign tumors in the thyroid of rats and mice when fed at high doses
(EPA, 1999). However, the potential risks of low levels of perchlorate exposure to humans through
drinking water have yet to be evaluated because data are insufficient. Moreover, with the exception of a
few reports of effects on n>etamorphosis in species such as the sea lamptey (Manzon and Youson, 1997)
and sand dollar (Saito et al., 1998), few data exist conceming potential ecological effects of perchlotate
salts. Thus, the environmental and human health effects tesulting from long-term exposuie lo low levels
of perchlorate are largely unknown.
Aimnonium peichlorate is very soluble in water and diss(x:iates completely to ammonium and
perchlorate ions in aqueous solution. The ammonium ion is leadily assimilated by microorganisms as u
nutrient, whereas the perchlorate anion (CIO4) is mobile and persistent; theiefore. it is the peichlorate
anion that is the main contaminant present in groundwater at nx>st sites. Standard practices are not
effective at removing perchlorate from wastewater because the compound is nonreactive and nonvolatile,
its salts are highly soluble, and it can not be reduced by common reducing agents (Urbansky, 1998).
Water treatment technologies such as sedimentation, air-stripping, ion exchange, carbon adsorption,
reverse osmosis, and advanced oxidation have not proven to be viable options for peichlorate removal
from water (Logan, 1998; EPA, 1999).
Unlike abiotic approaches, however, biological treatment represents a pronnising technology for
perchlorate remediation in giound and surface water Several microbial strains have been isolated widi
the ability to degiade perchlotate by using the molecule as a terminal electron acceptor (Attaway and
Smith, 1993; Rikken et al, 1996; Wallace et al., 1996; Logan, 1998) The enzymatic pathways involved
in perchlotate reduction have yet to be fully elucidated. However, van Gtnkel et al. (1998) suggest that a
perchlorate reductase enzyme catalyzes an initial two-step reduction of perchloiate (CIO4') to chloiate
(CIO3) and then chlorite (ClOV). The chlorite is further reduced by chlorite dismutase to chloride (Cl)
and oxygen (O2). Thus, mictobial degiadation of perchlorate yields two innocuous products, chloride,
and oxygen. In addition, the reduction of perchlorate to chloride is a very favorable process from a
thennodynamic perspective. Thus, bacteria capable of using perchlotate ate likely to have a distinct
ecological advantage in contaminated environments
The key to utilizing peichloiate-reducing bacteria for in situ remediation is undeistanding the
conditions that limit their activity in subsurface enviionments and then devising effective technologies to
overcome these limitations and subsequently stimulate perchlorate degradation. Full-scale bioreactor
systems have successfully been developed by Envirogen as well as researchers at Tyndall Aii Foice Base
for ex situ perchlorate treatment. However, to date, little research has been conducted to develop an in
situ technology for perchlorate bioremediation The development of such a technology is the goal of this
project
IL PROJECT OBJECTIVE
The objective of this project is to develop a biological treatment technology for in situ remediation
of perchlorate in subsurface environments. The development of an effective technology for in situ
perchlorate remediation requires a fundamental undeistanding of the conditions that limit biological
perchlorate reduction in groundwater and the most effective means to overconne such limitations. This
research effort is designed provide this fundamental understanding. We hypothesize that four key factors
may be contributing to the persistence of perchlorate at various subsurface sites. These key factors and
our approach to their evaluation in this research effort aie as follows:
(1) Absence of an appropilate substrate (electron donor) for growth of indigenous
perchlorate-degrading bacteria. Based on preliminary studies, we believe that the absence
of an oxidizable substrate is the key factor limiting biological perchlorate degradation at
many subsurface sites. Therefore, experiments will be conducted using aquifer samples ftom
contaminated field sites to evaluate the potential of numerous organic and inorganic electron
donors to stimulate perchlotate reduction in situ. The most promising electron donors will be
tested in a flow-through aquifer system to provide relevant kinetic data for modeling and field
trials.
(2) Presence of alternative electron acceptors for bacterial respiration, including O2, NO3',
and NO2 in groundwater. Perchlorate serves as an electron acceptor for bacteria during
anaerobic respiration. The mictobial reduction of one electron acceptor is frequently
influenced by the presence of others (eg., oxygen inhibits dissimilatoiy nitrate reduction)
The geneial relationship between perchlorate and other common electron acceptors is
unclear. However, nitiate, nitrite, and oxygen have been observed to inhibit peichloiate
reduction by a few bacterial cultures (Attaway and Smith, 1993; Logan, 1998). Because each
of these molecules as well as other electron acceptois such as sulfate and iion are frequently
present in groundwater, understanding their influence on microbial perchloiate reduction is
critical to successful remediation efforts. Experiments conducted during this project are
designed to assess the influence of common electron acceptors, such as oxygen and nitrate,
on perchloiate degradation by naturally occurring bacteria in field samples and by microbial
isolates
(3) Lack of an indigenous population of bacteria capable of perchlorate reduction. In some
environments, bacteria with the metabolic enzymes to reduce perchloiate to chloride may be
absent. In such cases, augmentation with exogenous microorganisms will be requiied for in
situ remediation. As part of this research effott, bacterial stiains and consortia will be
isolated from Envirogen's FBR systems that are cuirently treating perchlorate and from
aquifer samples collected from perchlorate-contaminated sites. The potential for diese stiains
to degrade peichlorate in situ under relevant environmental conditions will then be evaluated
in microcosm and column studies-
(4) Unfavorable environmental conditions for activity of indigenous perchlorate degraders.
The role of environmental vatiables on in situ perchlotate degradation has not been
extensively studied. In addition to evaluating the effect of electron acceptors such as nitrate
on peichlorate reduction, experiments will be undeitaken to look at the effect of salinity
(ionic strength), pH, and co-contaminants on microbial peichlorate degiadation These
factors may be extremely impoitant at specific sites (eg., salinity in groundwater at coastal
sites) but, as yet, they have not been investigated.
The research performed during this project is designed to provide extensive information on (1) the
potential for successful perchloiate remediation at subsutface sites by addition of electron donors (i.e.,
biostimulation); (2) the most effective electron donors to use in biostimulation effoits, and the expected
concentrations and remediation kinetics achievable with these donors; (3) the possibility for successful
bioaugmentation (i e., injection of bacterial isolates) for subsurface perchlorate remediation; and (4) the
probable influence of alternate electron acceptors and environmental variables on perchlorate reduction
during biostimulation and/or bioaugmentation efforts. These data will provide the fundamental knowledge
required for the design and implementation of pilot-scale and full-scale remediation efforts at perchloiate
contaminated sites.
III. TECHNICAL APPROACH
The research tasks to conducted during year 1 ofthis project are detailed in the following section
Task 1. Collect Aquifer Solids and Groundwater from Field Sites. Aquifer samples were
collected from four jperchlorate-contaminated locations: (1) the Jet Piopulsion Laboratoiy (JPL) in
Pasadena, Califomia, the Indian Head Division Naval Surface Warfare Center (MDIV) in Indian Head,
Maryland (2 field sites), and a commercial facility in the Rocky Mountains. Aquifer solids and
groundwater were obtained from the first three locations, and groundwater only was obtained from the
Rocky Mountain site. These samples were used in microcosm studies to represent a range of different
environments that have experienced perchlotate contamination. Samples have also been collected from
one pristine site in South Oyster, Virginia, but results are not yet available-
Task 2. Obtain Microbial Consortia and Individual Bacterial Isolates Capable of Perchlorate
Degradation. Envirogen has constructed a full-scale fluidized bed reactor (FBR) biotieatment system for
degrading perchlorate in groundwater at the GenCoip Aerojet facility in Rancho Cordova, Califomia
The reactor system, which uses granular activated carbon as a matrix and ethanol as an elecuon donor, is
currently reducing perchlorate levels in feed water from approximately 4 mg/L to non-detectable levels (<
5 ^g/L) at flow rates of greater than 3,000 gallons per minute Food processing waste was used as the
original inoculum for the FBR system. The bacteria responsible for perchlorate degradation in these
reactors have not been identified. The objective of this task was to isolate individual perchlorate
degrading bacteria or a mixed bacterial culture from the pilot FBR system- In addition, bacterial isolation
techniques were used to enrich and isolate cultures from all of the field sites.
Task 3. Identify Conditions Required for In Situ Biostimulation of Perchlorate Degradation.
The objective of this task was to develop an understanding of the factors promoting perchlorate
degradation in subsurface environments as well as the conditions that inhibit the piocess- Small-scale
lal>oratory miciocosms were used to evaluate both biostimulation of indigenous perchlorate degrading
microbes and the addition of exogenous perchlorate degiaders (isolated during Task 2) for aquifer
remediation. The factors that were evaluated in these studies include: (A) choice of electron donor
(substrate) for growth of perchloiate-degrading bacteria, (B) the influence of dissolved oxygen, nitrite,
and nitrate on perchlorate removal, and (C) the role of environmental factors including salinity (ionic
strength), groundwater pH, and presence of organic co-contaminants on peichlorate degradation.
Detailed Methods and Results for Each Research Task are provided in the following section.
IV. PROJECT ACCOMPLISHMENTS.
A. JET PROPULSION LABORATORY (JPL).
Groundwater samples and well-bottom sediments were collected from the Jet Propulsion Laboratoiy
(JPL) on April 27, 2000. These samples were used in a series of microcosm studies (Task 3) to evaluate
(1) the most effective electron donors for the stimulation of perchlorate-ieducing bacteria at the site
(adding substiate but not bacteria); (2) the possibility for successful bioaugmentation (i.e., injection of
bacterial isolates) for subsurface perchlorate remediation; (3) the influence of altemate election acceptors
(nitrate, nitrite, and oxygen) on perchlorate degradation; and (4) the roles of two environmental variables,
pH and salinity, on perchlorate degradation.
Sanipie CoUection.
Groundwater: Groundwater was collected from nranitoring well 7 (MW-7) at the JPL site. Aseptic
sampling techniques and sterile sample containers were used to prevent contamination of groundwater
with non-native bacteria.
Aquifer Solids: Aquifer core samples were not collected for these studies. The extreme depth to
contaminated groundwater at JPL (> 200 ft) makes collection of subsurface solids problematic and
expensive. However, a bailing device was used to collect sediments from the bottom of MW-7 The well
sediments provided sediment material (and associated microflora) for microcosms. Microcosms were set
up using groundwater only and gioundwater mixed with solids from the bottom of the well.
Microcosm Studies- Electron Donor Addition and Bioaugmentation.
Methods:
Small-scale laboratory microcosms were used to evaluate both biostimulation of indigenous perchloiate-
degrading microorganisms and the addition of exogenous perchlorate degraders for aquifer remediation at
JPL (Figure 1). Microorganisms capable of degrading perchloiate utilize the molecule as an electron
acceptOT duiing growth on either an organic or inorganic substrate (electron donor). The absence of an
appropriate electron donor in subsurface aquifers contaminated with perchlorate is probably one of the
key factors leading to its persistence in situ. The factois influencing the choice of substrate to promote
perchlorate biodegradation are likely to include the physiology of the perchlorate-degiading strains, the
character of the natural microflora competing with those strains for growth, and the geochemistry at the
site. The objective of this phase of work was to test a variety of substrates in groundwater samples
collected from JPL and determine which substrates, if any, are most efficient at stimulating perchlorate
reduction.
Microcosms to evaluate perchlorate degiadation were prepared in sterile, i60-ml seium bottles.
All experimental work was performed in a Coy Environmental Chamber with a nitrogen headspace. In
one study, groundwater and well solids (silty mateiial) were mixed together in a ratio of approximately
6:1 in a large sterile bottle. The slurry material was amended with a sterile stock of diammonium
phosphate to provide nitrogen (5 mg/L as NH4) and phosphorus (4.5 mg/L as P) as nutrients for bacterial
giowth, then 120-mL volumes were added to semm bottles. Triplicate serum bottles were amended with
one of the following substrates to 200 mg/L: methanol, ethanol, acetate, benzoate, lactate, sucrose,
molasses or a mixture of ethanol/yeast extract (100 mg/L each). Triplicate bottles also received hydrogen
gas or propane in the headspace as gaseous substiates. Seveial microcosms were inoculated with one of
two different perchlorate-degiading enrichments that have been isolated at Envirogen. Acetate and
ethanol/yeast extract were tested as electron donors in these samples. Triplicate samples were prepared
without any substrate, and triplicate bottles received formaldehyde (1 %) to inhibit all biological activity
All bottles were crimp-sealed with sterilized Teflon-lined septa and incubated at I5°C to approximate HJ
situ temperatures. At 10, 21, and 35 days of incubation, a 20-ml subsample was removed from each
bottle- The samples were analyzed for perchlorate by ion chiomatography (IC) using EPA Method 314.0.
A second microcosm study was conducted using only groundwater collected fiom MW-7 (i.e , no
sediment). Sterile seitun bottles received 120-ml ofgroundwater and acetate, yeast extract, methanol, or
molasses at a concentration of 200 mg/L. Microcosms without added substrate were also prepared as were
killed controls (1 % formaldehyde). Sampling and analysis were conducted as described foi the previous
study.
Results:
The water collected from well MW-7 contained perchlorate at 307 |ig/L (ppb). The water also contained
nitrate at a starting concentration of 18.6 mg/L (as NOj) sulfate at 44 mg/L, 140 mg/L of alkalinity (as
CaCOj) and dissolved oxygen at 2.6 mg/L.
Sediment/Groundwater Microcosms The starting perchloiate concentiation in microcosms prepared with
groundwater and sediments was 310 mg/L. The initial pH was 7.6. The microcosms also contained high
levels of ferric iron (> 600 mg/L), which was present in the sediment sample. The iron was probably well
casing that had oxidized and settled to the well bottom After 10 days of incubation at IS'C, perchlorate
levels weie below detection (MDL; 5 Ug/L) in microcosms amended with acetate, ethanol, ethanol/yeast
extract, lactate and molasses (Table 1) The perchlotate concentrations in ail samples augmented with
exogenous peichlorate-degrading bacteria (cultures FBR2 or PCl) were also below detection aftei 10
days. After 21 days of incubation, perchloiate was below detection in all live samples except those
amended with benzoate as an electron donor. Interestingly, perchlorate was also degraded in samples
without added electron donor An organic or inorganic election donor associated with the well sediments
(e.g., reduced iron, natural organic matter) probably supported biological perchlorate reduction in these
samples This hypothesis is supported by the observation that perchlorate was not degraded in
groundwater samples without electron donor added (see next section). No perchloiate loss was evident in
samples that were treated with formaldehyde to inhibit biological activity. It should be noted that nitrate
was also degraded to below detection in the live aquifer microcosms, but not in killed controls (data not
shown).
Groundwater Microcosms: Perchlorate degradation was somewhat slower in microcosms containing
groundwater compared to those with sediments (Figure 2). However, after 21 days of incubation,
perchlorate was below detection (5 ^g/L) in triplicate samples amended with acetate. Appreciable
degiadation of perchlorate was also observed in samples amended with yeast extract or molasses.
Perchlorate was not degraded in samples treated with methanol as an electron donor or in those without
added electron donor. The killed samples (1 % formaldehyde) also showed no loss of perchlorate.
Conclusions:
The results from the microcosm study using aquifer samples from JPL suggest the following: (1)
indigenous bacteria capable of degrading perchlorate are present in the aquifer underlying JPL; (2) diese
bacteria can be stimulated to degiade perchlorate by the addition of electron donors; and (3) perchlorate
levels can be reduced to lielow 5 ^g/L thiough biostimulation. The fact that perchlorate degradation was
observed in gioundwater microcosms, without sediment, is veiy promising, since microbial biomass in
aquifers is usually associated primarily wilh solids.
Microcosm-Studies - Influence of Alternate Electron Acceptors.
Methods:
The objective of this study was to deteimine the influence of oxygen, nitrate and nitrite on perchloiate
degradation by natural microflora in aquifer samples fiom JPL Aquifer microcosms weie used to assess
the role of these molecules on perchlorate reduction by natural microflora in the subsurface samples.
Based on results from the previous study of electron donors, ethanol was chosen as the electron donor foi
these experiments.
The microcosms were set up as described in the previous section (160-ml setum bottles, 120-ml
aquifer slurry of sediments and groundwater). Eight microcosms were initially amended with perchlorate
to provide a starting concentration of 100 mg/L The remaining samples did not receive additional
perchloiate (~ 300 ^g/L starting concentration). Duplicate miciocosms at an initial concentration of 100
mg/L peichlorate received the following treatments (1) ethanol only (100 mg/L); (2) ethanol (100 mg/L)
and NOj (IOO mg/L); (3) nitrate only (100 mg/L) (i.e., no ethanol); or (4) edianol (100 mg/L), NO3 (100
mg/L), and foimaldehyde (Killed Conlrol). To evaluate the role of nitiite (NOi) on perchloiate
degradation, duplicate bottles were amended widi the following (1) ethanol (100 mg/L) and 1 mg/L
nitrite; (2) ethanol (100 mg/L) and iO mg/L nitrite; or (3) ethanol only. A killed control was also
prepared for this study by adding 1 % formaldehyde to one set of duplicate samples. In a thiid study, the
effect of oxygen on perchlorate degiadation was determined by oxygenating the headspace of two Ixittles
containing 300 ng/L perchlorate and ethanol (100 mg/L). The samples were incubated at I5°C- Aqueous
subsamples were periodically removed from each microcosm for perchlorate analysis by EPA Method
314 0 and analysis of nitrate and nitrite by EPA 300.0 series methods.
Results:
There was no loss of perchloiate, nitiate, or nitrite in any of the sampies that were treated with
formaldehyde to inhibit microbial activity. Thus, all reductions in the concentrations of these anions in
aquifer samples are assumed to be biological. Nitrate was degraded before perchloiate in samples that
received both anions at inilial concentrations of 100 mg/L (Figure 3). Nitrate was reduced to below
detection after only 4 days of incubation, with no apparent lag period. Nitrite, which is the initial product
in biological denitrification and nitrate reduction, was detected in samples at day 4, but this anion was
also degraded to below detection by day 7. A lag period of approximately 16 days occurred before
perchlorate degradation cwnmenced in these microcosms. However, perchlorate was reduced from 100
mg/L to below detection (< 5 Jig/L) between day 16 and day 28- Interestingly, the degradation of
perchlorate was slightly more rapid in samples that were initially amended with nitrate to 100 mg/L
compaied to those that did not teceive the anion (Figure 4). This may reflect the growth of a population
of denitrifying bacteria (stimulated by nitrate addition) that subsequently degraded perchlorate
Samples that were not amended with ethanol as an electron donor showed no perchlorate
degradation during a 22-day incubation period (Figuie 5). In these same samples, however, nitrate levels
declined from 100 to approximately 40 mg/L during the initial 7 days of incubation. During this same
time, levels of nitiite in the samples increased from below detection to nearly 40 mg/L. On a molar basis,
this represents a nearly stoichiometric reduction of nitrate to nitrite. Thus, the data show that nitrate was
biologically reduced to nitrite, but not further (i.e., to nitrogen gas or ammonia) in the absence of an
added electron donor. The substrate supporting this reaction is unclear, but may be organic matter
associated with the well-bottom sediments-
Like nitrate, nitrite added to aquifer microcosms at either 1 or 10 mg/L was degraded before
perchlorate (data not shown). The addition of nitiite at these levels did not appear to influence the rate of
perchlorate degiadation (i.e. after the initial lag period, the rate of perchlorate reduction was the same in
samples with and without added nitrite). The degradation of perchlorate was completely inhibited by the
presence of oxygen in aquifer samples (Figure 6). This result confirms previous findings than peichlorate
degiadation occurs only under anoxic conditions.
Conclusions:
The results from this set of experiments suggest that nitrate and nilrite are degraded preferentially to
perchlorate in this subsurface environment. It is unclear from the results whether the presence of nitiate
or nitiite actually inhibits biological perchlorate degradation, however, in no instance was peichlorate
degiadation observed until t>oth of these competing electron acceptors were degraded in the samples. An
undeistanding of the relationship between perchlorate and comjpeting electron acceptors (eg., oxygen,
nitrate, nitrite, ferric iron) is important l)ecause these molecules fiequently occur with perchlorate in
groundwater For example, the groundwater collected from JPL contained 18.6 mg/L of nitrate but only
300 )ig/L or perchlorate. Therefore, an understanding of whether nitrate impedes perchloiate degradation
(i.e., due to enzyme inhibition or other factois) may be important in evaluating tieatment options at
contaminated sites. Addittonal experiments are planned with microcosms, flow-through columns, and
perchlorate-degrading cultures to better assess the influence of nitrate and other electron acceptors on
perchlorate degradation.
Microcosm Studies - Influence of Environmental Conditions on Perchlorate Degradation.
Methods:
Little infoimation exists on the influence of environmental variables such as temperature, pH, salinity,
redox potential, alkalinity, and the presence of additional contaminants on biological degiadation of
perchlorate in groundwater. The influence of two environmental variables, pH and salinity, on
perchl<xate degradation was tested using aquifer samples from JPL. To assess the influence of salinity on
perchlorate removal in field samples, a synthetic seawater medium was prepared at 0.5X, IX, and 2X
concentrations The stocks were then mixed 1:1 with groundwater from the field site yielding salinities
ranging from 0.25 X to I X that of seawater. The samples were then amended with perchlotate back to
initial concentration (- 300 ^g/L). Ethanol was used as the electron donor in these studies Killed
controls were prepared at each level of salinity by adding formaldehyde to samples to a final
concentration of I %. All microcosms were prepared and incubated under anoxic conditions. Aqueous
subsamples were removed periodically and analyzed for peichlorate as described previously.
The role of pH on perchlorate biodegradation was evaluated essentially as described for salinity.
In this case, however, the pH rather than the ionic strength of the aquifer material was manipulated.
Because the buffering capacity of groundwater is limited, MES buffer was added to samples at a
concenttation of 2 mM to maintain pH at desired levels. The slurry material was then divided into 5
sterile beakers in the anaerobic chamber and the pH of each sample was adjusted using sterilized HCl or
NaOH, The final pH levels ofthe slurries were 4.0, 5.0,6.0, 7.0, or 8.0 The pH-adjusted slurry material
was then added to sterile 160-ml serum bottles in triplicate. One bottle at each pH was amended with
formaldehyde to a ftnal concentration of 1% to inhibit microbial activity. Aqueous subsamples were
removed from each sample at vaiious times during incubation at IS'C and analyzed for perchlorate by
EPA Method 314.0.
Results and Conclusions:
Salinity: The rate of perchlorate degradation in microcosms prepared from the JPL aquifer samples
declined moderately with increasing salinity (Figure 7). During a 29-day incubation period, the
perchloiate concentration in samples containing salinity at 25 or 50 % that of seawater declined from a
starting concentration just above 0.3 mg/L to below detection (< 0.004 mg/L). The perchlorate
concentration in samples brought to the salinity of seawater (~ 3 % total salinity) also declined during 29
days, but approximately 0 15 mg/L remained at the end of the incubation peiiod.
pH: The biodegradation of peichlorate was most rapid in JPL aquifer samples brought to a pH of 8.0
(Figuie 8). Levels of perchlorate declined from approximately 0.25 mg/L to less than 0 004 mg/L in 28
days. Perchlorate was also completely degraded in samples at a pH of 7.0 during the 28-day incubation.
However, at pH values of 4.0, 5.0, and 6.0, little or no perchlorate losses were obseived in the aquifer
microcosms. These results are supported by data from a second site (THDFV) that suggest that low pH is
inhibitoiy to perchloiate reduction in environmental samples (see next section).
B, INDIAN HEAD DIVISION, NA VAL SURFACE WARFARE CENTER (IHDIV).
Sample Collection.
Aquifei solids and gioundwater were collected from two separate locations at IHDfV on August 1, 2000
using a Geoprobe (Figure 9 & 10). The extent of perchlorate contamination in the shallow aquifer at this
site is unknown, so sampling locations were chosen based on historical use and disposal of perchlorate at
the site. The initial sample site was the drainage aiea behind a propellant mixing facility at fHDIV
(Building 1170 site). The level of the water table at this site is approximately 4 ft below grade.
Sediments were collected from 4 to 12 ft and gioundwater from 6 to 12 ft below grade. The second
sample location was an open meadow behind the rocket "hogout" facility at IHDrV (Hogout site). Solid
fuel is removed from rockets and missiles in this building using a high-piessure washout piocedure (i e ,
"hogout" procedure). Before 1996, the washout water was discharged tiirough the region where the field
samples were collected. Sediment samples fiom 2 to 13 ft below giade were collected and homogenized.
Groundwater was taken from 6 to 12 feet below grade at the site.
Microcosm Studies - IHDIV Building 1170 Site.
Methods:
General Preparation and Sampling: All experimental work was performed in a Coy Environmental
Chamber with a nitrogen headspace. Sampling for analysis of perchlorate and other parameters was
performed outside of the chamber. Prior to sample collection, a volume of nitrogen gas was added via
syringe to the headspace of each microcosm bottle. The addition of nitrogen created backpressure in the
bottle to facilitate sample withdrawal. More impoitantly, this method ensured that no oxygen was
introduced into the bottles during sampling. All samples were analyzed for perchlorate by ion
chromatography (IC) using EPA Method 314 0.
Evaluation of Electron Donors: Microcosms to evaluate the inftuence of different electron donois on
perchlorate degradation were prepared in sterile, 160-ml serum bottles. Gioundwater from the Building
1170 site was amended with a sterile stock of diammonium phosphate to provide nitrogen (5 mg/L as
NH4) and phosphorus (4.5 mg/L as P) as nutrients for bacterial growth. Groundwater and sediment ftom
the site were added to each 160-mL bottle at a ratio of approximately 3:1 (100-mL groundwater and 30-g
sediment) Each bottle was spiked with a filter-sterilized sodium perchlorate stock solution to a final
perchlorate concentration of 125 mg/L. Triplicate serum bottles were amended with acetate, ethanol, or
molasses to 200 mg/L. Triplicate bottles also received hydiogen in the headspace as a gaseous substrate.
Triplicate bottles were inoculated with a perchloiate-degrading enrichment (FBR2) isolated at Enviiogen;
ethanol was tested as electron donor in these bottles. Killed controls were prepared with acetate as a
substrate and I % formaldehyde to inhibit all biological activity. The bottles were crimp-sealed with
sterilized Teflon-lined septa and incubated at 15°C to approximate i;i situ temperatures. At 11, 19, and 34
days of incubation, a 15-inl subsample was removed ftom each bottle. Preservation of the samples was
accomplished by passing the water through sterile nylon filters and storing at 4°C until analysis
Electron Donor Concentration: The objective of this study was to detennine the amount of electron donor
needed to support perchlorate reduction, and to compare tbe actual electron donor lequiiement to the
theoretical requirement. Acetate was used as an electron donor (based on results fiom the previous
study), and the quantity required to degrade a given quantity of perchloiate in aquifei microcosms was
determined. Miciocosms wete prepared in sterile, 60-mL semm tmttles. Nuttient-amended groundwater
and sediment were combined in each bottle at a ratio of about 4.5:1 (45-mL groundwater and 10-g
sediment). Each bottle was spiked with a filter-sterilized sodium perchlorate stock solution to a final
perchloiate concentration of 100 mg/L (109 mg/L actual measured). Sodium acetate was added to
triplicate bottles at concentrations of 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, and 100 mg/L as acetate. One killed conlrol was
prepared by adding 1 % formaldehyde to a miciocosm containing 100 mg/L acetate All bottles were
crimp-sealed with steiilized Teflon-lined septa and incubated at 15°C to approximate in situ temperatures
At 4,6, 8, 10, and 13 days of incubation, a 7-mL subsample was removed from each bottle. The samples
were filtered and exposed to air, then frozen to inhibit any additional perchlorate or acetate degradation
Perchlorate concentrations were measured in each sample using EPA Method 314.0.
Results:
Groundwater Analysis: The groundwater collected ftom the Building 1170 site did not contain
perchloiate (< 0.004 mg/L), nitrate (< 0.02 mg/L) or nitiite (< 0.002 mg/L) above detection limits.
Sulfate was present at 12 mg/L, chloride at 43 mg/L, and alkalinity was 40 mg/L (as CaCOs). The pH of
the water was 5.9. A slurry containing 30 g of sediment and 100 mL of water had a pH of 6 1.
Evaluation of Electron Donors: Perchlorate was not detected in samples collected ftom the Building
1170 site, so the aquifer microcosms were amended with the anion to a starting concentration of 125
mg/L. After 11 days of incubation at IS'C, peichlorate levels were below detection in microcosms
amended with hydrogen gas (Figure 11). Samples that received acetate declined to 3 mg/L total
perchloiate during this time. After 34 days of incubation, perchlorate was below detection in samples
treated with molasses or acetate, as well as those receiving hydiogen as an electron donor Samples
receiving ethanol as an electron donor showed no appreciable decline in perchlorate levels- Likewise, no
perchlorate loss was evident in acetate-amended miciocosms that received formaldehyde to inhibit
biological activity. The perchlorate concentration in live samples that did not receive any exogenous
substrate declined from 126 to 76 mg/L during 34 days of incubation. A similai decline was previously
observed with JPL microcosms containing gioundwater and sediments (but not gioundwater only). This
decline suggests that an electron donor present at the site, such as natuial organic matter or an organic co-
contaminant, may support degradation of perchlorate at this location. The absence of detectable
perchloiate in this region, which seived as a deposition area for washdown water from the 1170 facility,
further supports this hypothesis.
Electron Donor Concentration: Based on stoichiometric calculations, the quantity of acetate required for
a bacterium to degrade perchloiate is 0 61 mg per mg perchlorate. This latio was tested in natural
samples from the Building 1170 location by varying the acetate dose added to microcosms and evaluating
peichlorate degradation. Miciocosm samples initially received 100 mg/L of perchlorate and either 0, 10,
25, 50, 75, or 100 mg/L of acetate. After 10 days of incubation, samples amended with 100 or 75 mg/L
of acetate no longer had perchlorate at detectable levels (Figure 12). After 13 days, concentiations of
perchlotate in samples amended with 50 mg/L of acetate were also below detection and samples treated
with 0, 10, and 25 mg/L acetate had mean perchlorate levels of 81, 52, and 41 mg/L, respectively. The
quantity of acetate required for complete removal of perchlorate from the miciocosm samples was less
than determined from reaction stoichiometry. However, as observed in (Mrevious samples ftom this site,
peichlorate degradation occiured in unamended samples, presumably supported by natural organic
materials at the site. When this loss is taken into account, the perchloiate degradation obseived with
different levels of acetate become much closer to that expected based on theoretical calculations These
ratios ore presented for 10,25, and 50 mg/L acetate in Figure 12. Additional studies conceming the ratio
of election donor required for perchlorate degradation in natural samples wil] be conducted in flow-
through column studies in Year 2.
Conclusions:
The results from the microcosm study using aquifer samples from the Building 1170 site suggest the
following: (1) indigenous bacteria capable of degrading perchlorate aie present in the shallow aquifer in
the vicinity of Building 1170, and (2) these bacteria can be rapidly stimulated to degiade perchlorate to
below 0.004 mg/L. by the addition of several election donors- The data also suggest that natural
attenuation of perchlorate is possible at this location. This area was used for the disposal of perchlorate-
containing wastewater from the mixing facility until 1998, yet the anion was not detected in subsurface
samples, which suggests attenuation by eithei transport or biodegradation. In addition, samples amended
with perchlorate but no electron donor showed significant losses of the anion in microcosm studies. A
natural electron donor (eg., humic material) or an organic co-contaminant most likely served as an
electron donor for biological perchlorate reduction in these samples.
Microcosm Studies - IHDIV Hogout Facilitv.
Methods:
Electron Donor Addition: A second microcosm study was conducted using gioundwater and sediment
collected from the Hogout site at IHDIV. The experiment was prepared in the same manner as described
for the previous study, except that no perchlorate addition was lequired. The starting perchlotate
concentration in the mixed groundwater and sediment was approximately 45 mg/L. Triplicate semm
bottles were amended with nutrients (N and P from diammonium phosphate) and one of the following
substrates at 2(K) mg/L: methanol, ethanol, acetate, benzoate, lactate, sucrose, molasses, or a mixture of
ethanol and yeast extiact (100 mg/L each). Triplicate bottles also received hydrogen gas or propane in the
headspace as gaseous substrates- Triplicate bottles were inoculated with the perchlorate-degiading
enrichment FBR2; ethanol was used as an electron donor in these bottles. In addition, triplicate
miciocosms were prepared with nutrients (N and P) but no substrate, substrate (acetate) but no nutrients,
and without addition of substrate or nutrients Killed control samples were prepared with acetate and
received formaldehyde (1 %) to inhibit all biological activity. All bottles were crimp-sealed with
stetilized Teflon-lined septa and incubated at 15°C to approximate in situ temperatures. At 11, 20, 36,
and 71 days of incubation, a 15-mL subsample was removed from each bottle. The samples were
preserved and analyzed as described for the previous experiment.
Influence ofpH on Perchlorate Biodegradation. An experiment was conducted lo determine whether the
low pH (4-3) of the Hogout site samples was inhibiting perchlorate degradation at the site. Prior to
adjusting the pH, the influence of increasing carbonate concentration on slurry pH was tested. The
resulting titration curve showed that approximately 240 mg/L of additional caiixjnate was required to
increase the pH of the slurry to 70 (Figure 13) Microcosms were piepared in sterile, 160-niL semm
bottles- The groundwater was amended with a sterile stock of diammonium phosphate to provide
nitrogen (1 mg/L NH4 as N) and phosphoms (1 mg/L PO4 as P) as nutrients for bacterial growth.
Groundwater and sediment were added to each 160-nnL bottie at a ratio of approximately 3:1 (100-mL
groundwater and 30-g sediment). Acetate was added as the electron donor at 75 mg/L. Perchlorate was
not added, as the perchlorate concentration in the mixed groundwater and sediment was approximately 45
mg/L. In eight of the fourteen bottles prepared, the pH was increased from 4-3 to approximately 7-0 by
adding sodium cart>onate. The pH of the remaining six microcosms was not adjusted (i e-, pH 4.3). Three
of the bottles at pH 4.3 and three at pH 7 0 were inoculated with the perchlorate-degrading culture FBR2,
and three bottles at each pH remained uninoculated. Two of the bottles at pH 7 0 received formaldehyde
(1 %) to inhibit all biological activity The bottles were incubated on a rotary shaker at 15°C. After 7, 16,
28, and 44 days of incubation, a 7-mL subsample was removed from each bottle. Each sample was
initially centrifuged for approximately 30 minutes at 3,500 rpm to remove sediment fines. The
supernatant was then passed through a nylon filter and placed at 4°C until analysis. A freshly grown
innocula of the FBR2 culture was re-added to three tx)ttles at each pH on Day 10. This procedure was
conducted to ensure that all bottles amended with the bacterium received active perchlorate-degraders.
Results:
Groundwater Analysis: The groundwater collected from the Hogout site contained perchlorate al 25
mg/L In a slurry containing 30-g sediment and 100-mL groundwater perchlorate was detected at 45
mg/L suggesting that the anion was present at a higher concentration in the sediments collected from the
10
site than in the site water This diffeience may lepiesent perchloiate present in the unsaturated zone of
the shallow aquifer. Nitrate and nitrite were not detected in samples. Sulfate was present at 88 mg/L,
chloride at 26 mg/L, and alkalinity was 19 mg/L (as CO3) The pH of the water was 4 8, and a sluiry of
water (100 mL) and sediment (.30 g) had a pH of 4.3.
Electron Donor Addition: There was no appreciable loss of peichlorate during the 71-day incubation
period in any ofthe microcosms piepared from the Hogout site samples (Table 2). Ten different electron
donors did not stimulate perchlorate biodegradation in the samples. Bioaugmentation with an exogenous
perchlorate-degrading enrichment (FBR2) also did not lead to reduced perchlorate levels These results
differ from those with the Building 1170 samples, where several election donois quickly stimulated
perchlorate degradation. Rapid reduction in perchlorate levels was also observed in aquifei microcosms
from the Jet Propulsion Lab and a commercial site in the Rocky Mountains (see following section) The
most apparent difference between the Hogout samples and those from other sites is the comparatively low
pH of the microcosms compaied to othet samples. The pH of the Hogout site microcosms was measured
at 4.3. Other samples tested thus far in this project have had pH values no lower than 6.1- An experiment
was subsequently conducted to assess the influence of pH on peichlorate degradation in the Hogout
samples.
Influence of pH on Perchlorate Degradation: The perchlorate levels in the samples at pH 4 3 did not
decline appreciably duiing the study, regardless of whether the samples were bioaugmented (Figure 14).
Conversely, the samples in which the pH was increased to 7.0 all showed peichlorate biodegiadation.
Perchlorate levels in samples receiving the FBR2 enrichment culture declined from 43 to 9 mg/L from
day 7 to day 16, and then to 0.16 mg/L by day 28. The perchlorate concentration in samples that were
brought to pH 7.0 but not augmented with the culture declined more slowly, but perchlorate was below
detection by day 28 of the experiment. Thus, the data suggest lhat low pH is inhibiting perchloiate
degradation in the Hogout site samples. It is interesting that indigenous perchloiate-degrading
microorganisms could be stimulated to degrade the anion at a pH of 7.0 but not at a pH of 4 3 These
bacteria are obviously able to survive at the low pH, which occurs naturally at this site, yet appear not to
degrade perchloiate at this pH. The results suggest that there may be a pH below which perchlotate
biodegradation is physiologically inhibited.
Conclusions:
Data from experiments conducted with samples from the Hogout site at IHDFV suggest that low pH is
inhibitory to biological perchlorate reduction. Neidier biosdmulation nor bioaugmentation promoted
peichlorate degradation at the site pH of 4.3. However, when the pH of the samples was increased to
neutrality, perchloiate biodegradation was observed in samples receiving acetate as well as those
augmented with the FBR2 enrichment culture. The inhibition of perchlorate degiadation at low pH in
these field samples is consistent with previous obseivations at Envirogen during experiments with ex situ
reactor systems. During a laboralory pilot study, perchlorate treatment in a fluidized bed reactor was
observed to decline appreciably when the pH of the system declined below approximately 5.5. The
performance was regained when the pH was increased to neutrality. Additional experiments are
underway with pure cultures isolated at Envirogen to further define the influence of pH on perchlorate
biodegradation.
C. ROCKY MOUNTAIN COMMERCIAL FACILITY (RM).
Sample Collection.
Groundwater samples were collected by site personnel at an industrial manufacturing facility in the Rocky
Mountains Sediment samples were not available
11
Microcosm Studies - Rockv Mountain Site.
Methods:
Groundwater Microcosms: Microcosms were used to evaluate the poientiai for perchlorate
biodegradation in a subsurface aquifer in the Rocky Mountains. Subsurface sediments weie not available
for this study, so groundwater only was used in the experiments. The Rocky Mountain gioundwater was
amended with a sterile stock of diammonium phosphate to provide nitrogen (5 mg/L as NH,) and
phosphoms (45 mg/L as P) as nutiients for bacterial growth. Each 160-mL bottle received 1(X) mL of
site groundwater. The perchlotate concentration in the groundwater was approximately 57 mg/L.
Duplicate semm bottles were amended with one of the following substrates to 100 mg/L: acetate, ethanol,
methanol, benzoate, lactate, sucrose, molasses or a mixture of ethanol and yeast extract (100 mg/L each).
Duplicate bottles also received hydrogen or propane in the headspace as gaseous substiates Duplicate
bottles were inoculated with the perchlorate-degrading enrichment culture (FBR2) and ethanol as election
donot. Duplicate samples were also prepared with nutrients (N and P) but no substrate, no nutrients or
substrate, or substrate (acetate) without nutrients. Killed controls received acetate as substrate and
formaldehyde (1 %) to inhibit all biological activity All bottles were ciimp-sealed with sterilized Teflon-
lined septa and incubated at 15°C to approximate IH situ temperatures. At 6, 14, 22, and 35 days of
incubation, a 15-ml subsample was removed ftom each bottle Preservation of the samples was
accomplished by filtration and refrigeration, as described previously.
Influence of Co-Contaminants: An expeiiment was conducted using groundwater from the RM site to
assess the influence of co<ontaminants on perchlorate biodegradation. In this study, seium bottles were
amended with lactate (100 mg/L), nutrients, and one of the following co<ontaminants at a starting
concentration of 100 mg/L: perchloroethylene (PCE), trichloroethylene (TCE) oi the mixed gasoline
constituents benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX). The bottles were sealed and placed on
a rotary shaker operaling at 15°C. Subsamples wete periodically collected and analyzed for perchloiate.
Results:
Groundwater Analysis: Groundwater from the Rocky Mountain site was collected ftom an existing
monitoring well screened to a depth of 89 - 99 ft below giade. The water contained perchloiate at 57
mg/L, which is consistent with historical levels in the well- Other anion levels included nitiate at 52
mg/L (as N), sulfate at 364 mg/L, chloride at 2,500 mg/L, ahd 285 mg/L of alkalinity (as CaCOs). The
total dissolved solids (TDS) in the gioundwater was 5,000 mg/L, and the pH was 7.7. Historical data
provided lo Enviiogen by the commercial facility showed trichloroethene in the well water between 1 and
2 mg/L, and lesser chlorinated ethenes and ethanes at trace (ppb) levels. However, no volatile organic
compounds wete detected in the gtoundwatei upon analysis by Envirogen's Analytical Lab These
compounds were nrost likely volatilized during collection and shipment ofthe groundwater samples. The
sampling techniques were designed to ensure aseptic collection of groundwater but not quantitative
preservation of in situ VOC levels (since perchlorate is non-volatile)
Groundwater Microcosms: The starting perchlorate concentration in microcosms prepared with
groundwater was 57 mg/L. After 6 days of incubation at 15*'C, the perchlorate concentrations in samples
augmented with exogenous perchloiate-degrading bacteria (culture FBR2) had decreased to 15 mg/L.
Perchlorate levels did not decline in any of the olher treatments. After 14 days of incubation, perchloiate
levels were below detection (MDL= 0.5 mg/L) in tbe FBR2-inoculated microcosms and in microcosms
amended with sucrose, lactate, and molasses (Table 3). In microcosms amended with both ethanol and
yeast extiact, peichlorate levels had decreased to 1 mg/L after 14 days, and were non-detect (MDL= 0.5
mg/L) after 22 days In microcosms receiving acetate, peichlorate levels declined to 31 mg/L after 14
days After 35 days, perchloiate levels in the acetate bottles were less than 0.3 mg/L. However, no
perchlorate loss was obseived in microcosms prepared with acetate as electron donor but without
nutrients (supplemental nitrogen and phosphoms), indicating that phosphoms may be a limiting nutrient
12
for microbial growth in the groundwater. Nitrogen is probably not limiting because high levels of nitrate
are present in the water No perchlorate loss was observed in those microcosms amended with hydrogen,
benzoate, ethanol, methanol, or propane as electron donors. No perchloiate loss was evident in samples
that were treated with formaldehyde to inhibit biological activity, nor in samples that were piepared with
nutrients only (no substrate) or those receiving no nutrient or substiate addition.
Influence of Co-Comaminants. Peichlorate levels in samples that did not receive co-contaminants
declined from 52.7 mg/L to 1.7 mg/L during the inttial 15 days of incubation and were below detection by
day 29 (Figure 15). In samples that received TCE at 100 mg/L, perchlorate degradation was slightly
retarded compared to the samples without the co-contaminant, but perchlorate was also below detection
by day 29. Conversely, during the 29-day study, samples receiving either BTEX or PCE showed no
degradation of perchlorate.
Conclusions:
Bioaugmentation with the FBR2 culture caused the most rapid reduction in perchlorate levels in the
Rocky Mountain samples. However, addition of some substrates (lactate, molasses, sucrose, yeast
extract/ethanol) also promoted perchlorate biodegradation by indigenous bacteria. Other substrates that
yielded rapid perchlorate biodegradation at the IPL site or the IHDIV Building 1170 Site, such as ethanol
(IPL) and hydrogen gas (IHDIV), did not stimulate biodegradation of the anion at this site Differences in
the indigenous populations of perchloiate-degrading bacteria at each site may account for the observed
differences among sites in substrate effectiveness for perchlorate bioremediation.
The observed inhibition of perchloiate degradation by PCE and BTEX most likely reflects
toxicity of these compounds on the perchlorate-degrading strains in the RM groundwater It is however,
interesting that TCE appeared to be less toxic at 100 mg/L than PCE, since the foimer is more soluble and
solvent toxicity often increases with solubility. An initial screening suggested that neitlier TCE or PCE
were appreciably degraded during the course of the experiment. Additional studies are planned to
evaluate the influence of PCE and TCE at lower concentrations on petchlorate degiadation. These studies
are impoitant because chlorinated solvents, including PCE and TCE, are often found wilh perchlorate at
contaminated field sites.
Isolation and Identification of Perchlorate-degrading bacteria from FBRs and Field Sites.
Methods:
One objective of this project is to enrich and isolate consortia and pure cultures of perchlorate-degrading
bacteria for use in microcosm and column studies (i.e., evaluation of bioaugmentation for perchlorate
degiadation) as well as to letter understand variables influencing perchlorate degradation at the cellular
level. Enrichment cultures were prepared from Envirogen bioreactors and fix)m subsurface samples
collected at JPL, IHDFV, and the RM site. Samples were added to a phosphate-buffered enrichment
medium containing ammonium chloride, numerous trace elements (Co, Mn, Cu, Al, etc), casamino acids
(0.5 g/L) and yeast extiact (0.5 g/L) as sources of vitamins and other growth factors potentially required
by the oiganisms. The isolation medium was amended with ammonium peichlorate to 1000 mg/L (CIO4)
and ethanol 01 acetate (JPL enrichment) to 500 mg/L- The samples were incubated on a rotary shaker
operating at 100 rpm and 30''C in the daik
The bottles were periodically checked for signs of microbial growth (turbidity). Any samples
showing turbidity were transfened to fresh, sterile media under anoxic conditions. To conduct a transfer,
serum bottles weie opened using aseptic conditions in the anaerobic chamber, and a small volume ofthe
media (0025 - 0050 mL) was pipetted to a semm bottle with fresh media. After several transfers,
perchlorate levels were checked in bottles showing microbial giowth. and subsamples from each bottle
showing perchlorate degradation were plated on two types of agar media. The liquid samples were plated
on the R2A agar, (which is a simple medium designed for culturing groundwater bacteria), and incubated
aerobically, as most perchlorate-degiading cultures are facultative anaerobes. Samples were also plated
13
on a solid agar medium containing the same constituents as the enrichment media plus 15 g of agar per
liter. Individual colonies were selected from solid agar plates and streaked on fresh plates several times in
succession until each appeared to be a pure culture. The cultures were then inoculated from plates into
liquid media with perchlorate, and perchlorate degradation was tested. Cultures that reduced perchlorate
were rechecked for purity, then identified using 16S rRNA gene analysis (Acculab Inc., Newark, DE).
Results:
Some of the samples collected from IHDFV showed microbial growth after several days of incubation and
were transfened. A few of these samples again became tuibid after transfer, and were transferred one or
two additional times. However, when levels of perchlorate were tested in the enrichments, none showed
appreciable perchlorate degiadation. Thus, although some microbial growth is occuning in these
samples, the bacteria do not appear lo be perchlorate-degiading strains.
One pure culture was isolated fiom bioreactor samples initially collected fiom a fluidized bed
bioreactor treating perchloiate in California (Figure 16). The pure culture, which was identified by 16S
rRNA gene analysis as a Declilorospirillum sp-, was isolated from the enrichment culture that has been
used for bioaugmentation in several ofthe miciocosm studies- The Dechlorospirillum sp (FBR2) is veiy
similar to a bacterium (strain WD) isolated from swine waste by Dr. John Coates at Southem Illinois
University (SIU). The two strains have a 0.4 % nucleotide difference. This appears to be the only other
organism in the available 16S rDNA databases that has reasonable similarity to strain F6R2. In addition
to strain FBR2, two pure cultures were isolated from aquifer samples collected from JPL These cultures
were each identified at the species level as Dechlorisoma suilla. A photomicrograph of D siiilla IPLRND
is given in Figure 17. A positive enrichment culture was also obtained from the RM gioundwater sample
using lactate as a carbon source. The perchlotate degrading strain in this enrichment culture has not yet
been purified and identified. All of these strains have been sent to Dr. Coates at SIU for further study and
inclusion in his collection of perchlorate-degiading bacteria.
Conclusions:
The preliminaiy results of this project suggest that perchlorate-degiading bacteria are widely-occuning in
the environment Pure cultures were isolated from gtoundwatei at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and from
Envirogen reactors (initially seeded with food processing waste) In addition, an enrichment culture was
obtained from the Rocky Mountain Site. Although pure cultures were nol isolated from the IHDIV
samples, laboratoiy results showed that perchlorate-degrading bacteria aie present at this site. The
enrichment media used for culture isolation may not have been appiopiiate based on the physiology of the
strains in this environment. Few studies exist regaiding the occunence and phylogeny of perchloiate-
degrading bacteria in natural environments. However, the strains identified (Dechlorospirillum spp.,
Dechlorosoma spp.) are similar to bacteria recently discovered by Coates et al, (1999) in environmental
samples.
References Cited.
Atlas, R. M. 1995 Handbook of Media for Environmental Microbiology CRC Press, Inc., New York
Attaway, H., and M. Smith. 1993. Reduction of perchlorate by an anaerobic entichment culture. J. Ind
Microbiol., 12:408-412
Breznak, J. A., and R. N. Costilow. 1994 Physicochemical factors in growth, pp. 137-153, In P
C}erhardt (ed), Methods for General and Molecular Biology, American Society foi Microbiology,
Washington, DC.
Coates, J. D., U. Michaelidou, R. A. Bruce, S. M. O'Conncr, J. N. Crespi, and L. A. Achenbach.
1999. Ubiquity and diveisity of (per)chlorate-reducing bacteria. Appl Environ. Microbiol.
65:5234-5241.
DeFlaun, M. F,, C. J. Murray, W. Hdben, T. Schiebe, A. Mills, T. GInn, T. Griffin, E. Majer, and J.
L. Wilson. 1997 Preliminary observations on bacterial transport in a coastal plain aquifei FEMS
Microbiol, Rev. 20:473-487
14
Jenneman, G. E., M. J. Mclnerney, and R. Knapp. 1986. Effect of nitrate on sulfide pioduction
Appl. Environ. Microbiol., 51:1205-1211.
Logan, B. E., 1998. A review of chlorate- and perchlorate-iespiring microorganisms Bioremediation
Joumal, 2:69-79.
Logan, B. E. and K. Kim. 1998. Microbiological treatment of perchlorate contaminated groundwaters
pp 87-90, In Proceedings of the Southwest Focused Ground Water Conference: Discussing the
Issue of MTBE and Perchlorate in Ground Water, National Ground Water Association, Analieim,
CA.
Mandalas, G. C, J. A. Christ, and M. N. Goitz. 1998. Screening software for an innovative in situ
bioremediation technology. J. Bioremediation, 2:7-15.
Manzon, R. G., and J. H. Youson. 1997. The effects of exogenous thyroxine (T4) or triiodothyioxine
(T3), in the presence and absence of potassium perchlorate, on tfie incidence of metamorphosis
and on semm T4 and T3 concenttations in larval sea lampreys (Petromyzon marimts L). Gen.
Comp. Endocrinol-, 106:211-220
McCarty, P. L., M. N. Goltz, G. D. Hopkins, M. E. Dolan, J. P. Allan, B. T. Kawakami, and T. J.
Carrothers. 1998. Full-scale evaluation of in situ cometabolic degradation of trichloroethylene
in groundwater through toluene injection. Environ. Sci. Technol., 32:88-100.
Rikken, G. B., A. G. M. Kroon, and C. G. van Ginkei. 1996. Tiansfoimalion of (per)chloiate into
chloride by a newly isolated bacterium: reduction and dismutation. Appl. Microbiol Biotechnol
45:420-426.
Saito, M., M. Scki, S. Amemiya, K. Yamasu, T. Suyemitsu, and K. Ishihara. 1998. Induction of
metamorphosis in the sand dollar Peronella japonica by thyroid hormones. Dev. Growth Differ
40:307-312.
Smith, R. L. 1997. Deteimining the terminal electron-accepting reaction in the saturated subsurface, p.
577-585. In C. J- Huist (ed). Manual of Environmental Microbiology.. ASM Press, Washington-
Steffan, R. L., K. L. Sperry, M. T. Walsh, and C. W. Condee, 1999. Field-scale evaluation of in situ
bioaugmentation for remediation of chloiinated solvents in groundwater Environ. Sci. Technol.,
(in press).
Urbansky, E. T., 1998. Peichlorate chemistry: implications for analysis and remediation
Bioremediation Journal, 2:81-95.
U. S. Environmental Protection Agency. 1999. Perchlorate. Office of Giound Water and Drinking
Water, Website: Worldwide Web: epa.gov/OGWDW/ccl/perchlor/perchlo.html, 13 pp.
van Ginkei, C. G., A. G. M. Kroon, G. B. Rikken, and S. W. M. Kengen. 1998. Microbial conversion
of petchlorate, chlorate, and chlorite, pp. 92-95.//1. Proceedings of the Southwest Focused
Giound Water Confeience: Discussing the Issue of MTBE and Peichlorate in Giound Water,
National Ground Watet Association, Anaheim, CA,
Wallace, W., T. Ward, A. Breen, and H. Attaway. 1996. Identification of an anaerobic bacterium
which reduces perchlorate and chlorate as Wolinella succinogenes. J. Ind. Microbiol., 16:68-72
Wolff, J. 1998. Perchlorate and the thyroid gland. Pharmacol. Rev, 50:89-105
15
V. TABLES
Table 1. Perchlorate Degradation in JPL Sediment/Groundwater Microcosms Amended
with Various Electron Donors or Perchlorate-Degrading Bacteria
Treatment
Electron Donors
Killed Control
Benzoate
Methanol
Hydrogen
Propane
No Addition
Sucrose
Ethanol
Lactate
Molasses
Yeast Extract/Ethanol^
Acetate
Bacteria Added
Killed + Inoculum FBR2^
Inoculum FBR2+ YE/Etoh
Inoculum FBR2-h Acetate
Perchlorate Concentration
(UK/L)'
DayO
310±0
310 + 0
310 + 0
310 + 0
310 + 0
310 + 0
310 + 0
310 + 0
310 + 0
310 + 0
310 + 0
310 + 0
Day 10
293 + 6
297 + 6
77 + 57
177 + 61
283 + 6
14+19
92 + 67
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
Day 21
320 + 0
150+135
<5
<5
<5
<5
<5
NS^
NS
NS
NS
NS
1 310±0
310±0
310±0
385 + 7
<5
<5
415 + 7
NS
NS
Values ore the mean + standard deviation from triplicate microcosms
^ NS = Not sampled because previous sample point was below detection
^ FBR2 is a perchlorate-degrading culture isolated at Envirogen
16
Table 2. Perchlorate Degradation in Sediment/Groundwater Microcosms
from the IHDIV Hogout Site
Treatment
Electron Donors
Killed Control
No Substiate
Nutrients Only
Hydrogen
Propane
Ethanol
Methanol
Acetate
Benzoate
lactate
Molasses
Sucrose
Yeast Extiact/Ethanol
Bioaugmentation
Inoculum FBR2-+ Etoh
Perchlorate Concentration
imtJh)'
DayO
42 + 4
42 + 4
42 + 4
42 + 4
42 + 4
42 + 4
42 + 4
42 + 4
42 + 4
42 + 4
42 + 4
42±4
42 + 4
42 + 4
Day 11
41 + 1
37+1
38 + 2
38 + 2
38+1
39 + 2
41 +2
39+1
40±1
38 + 3
43 + 2
44+1
43 + 2
41 + 1
Day 20
44±2
36 + 4
41+4
40 + 4
39 + 2
41+2
41 + 1
42 + 2
43 + 0
43 + 3
43 + 2
45+0
44±2
44 + 3
Dav 36
36 + 4
38±1
42+1
32 + 5
34±2
36 + 4
32±2
33 ±1
32+1
33 + 2
28±1
31+0
35±3
36 + 2
Day 71
37 + 2
39 + 5
34+1
35 + 2
37 + 2
36 + 3
34 + 2
37+1
38+1
37 + 2
36 + 2
35 + 0
37 + 2
36 + 2
' Values arc the mean + standard deviation from triplicate microcosms
' F6R2 is a perchlorate-degrading bacterium isolated at Envirogen
17
Table 3. Perchlorate Degradation in Groundwater Microcosms
from the Rocky Mountain Site
Treatment
Electron Donors
Killed
No Addition
Nitrogen/Phosphorus only
Hydrogen
Propane
Benzoate
Ethanol
Methanol
Acetate (no N or P)
Acetate
Yeast Extract/Ethanol
Lactate
Molasses
Sucrose
Inoculum Added
Culture FBR2 + Etoh
I ,,:... _ .L _ _ . -r •
Perchlorate Concentration
(mg/L)'
DayO
57 + 2
57 ±2
57±2
57 + 2
57 + 2
57 + 2
57±2
57 + 2
57 + 2
57 + 2
57 + 2
57 + 2
57 + 2
57 + 2
57 + 2
Day 6
60 + 2
60+1
62 + 5
61 + 1
62 + 0
62 + 2
59 + 3
62 + 2
60 + 5
62+1
60 + 0
60±1
59 ±1
61 + 1
15+1
Day 14
53±2
53 ±1
55 ±1
63+10
66 + 1
62+1
63 + 2
63 + 1
54 + 0
31+6
1 + 1
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
Day 22
60^
53 ±2
59+1
52+1
49±0
49 + 3
51 ±0
46±4
59±1
2 + 2
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
<0.5
Day 35
55^
54+ I
55 + 2
54+1
53 + 0
48 + 2
43+ 1
47 + 6
49+1
<0.5
NS^
NS
NS
NS
NS
~ NS: Not sampled because perchlorate was previously below detection
^ Single analysis due to broken sample bottle
18
VI. FIGURES
Figure L Photograph of Aquifer Microcosms
'-.•--•JS:C:t.-.;.">
:^m&
m^^^^
Figure 2. Perchlorate Degradation in Groundwater Microcosms
Amended with Various Electron Donors
350
300
250
200 i
^ 150
100 :
50 T
0
1~»
-•-
—.^—
—•—
Acetate
Yeast Extract
Methanol
Molasses
- No Addition
- Killed
-I 1 1 r
25
Figure 3. Degradation of Perchlorate (100 mg/L) and Nitrate (100 n^)
in Aquifer Microcosms from JPL with Ethanol as a Substrate
140:
120 (
) 1001
"O 80-
A 60:
40:
20 .
Oi
^
I
\ Nitrate
\ :
\ :
X \ Nitrite Av
ft ' B 1 ill 1
;
•
^ -• i
'
•• ' m
^ Perchtorate
\
\ I
\ ]
;\
• •
n
'^^ i
^N.
• ^«B iHii|hiii|i^ii|iiBii
0 10 15
Days
20 25 30
Figure 4. InflueiKe of Nitrate (100 mg/L) on Perchlorate
Biodegradation in Aquifer Microcosms from JPL
140
120
) 100
•0 80
60
40
20
-1—I—I—I—I 1—I—I—I—I—I—1—r
Nitrate Added (IOO ppm)
No Nitrate Added
Killed COntiol
1—I—1—1—I—I—I—I—I—I—I—|-
0 10 15
Days
20 25 30
20
Figure 5. Bk)degradation of Perchlorate (100 vagfL)
and Nitrate (100 mg/L) in JPL Microcosms with No Substrate Added
120
100
n 9
-•— Perchlorate
Hi— Nitrate
-^— Nitrite
10 15
Days
20 25
Figure 6. Influence ofOxygen on Perchlorate Degradation
in Aquifer Microcosms from JPL
21
400
250-
200
150 i
100
50i
Figure 7. Influence of Salinity on Perchlorate Degradation
in Aquifer Microcosms from JPL
-•— 0.25 X Seawater
Hi— 0.5 X Seawater
-•— 1 X Seawater
-•— Killed
Q —j 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 j 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r T—I 1 1 1 1 r-
10 15
Days
20 25 30
Figure 8. Influence of pH on Biodegradation of Perchlorate
in Aquifer Samples from JPL
350
10 15
Time
20 25 30
22
Figure 9. Collection of Field Samples from the
IHDIV Building 1170 Site
Figure 10. Collection of Field Samples at the IHDIV Hogout
Site
23
Figure 11. Influence of Electron Donors on Perchlorate
Degradation in Aquifer Microcosms from IHDIV Building 1170 Site
150
"(1
10 15 20
Days
25 30 35
Figure 12. Influence of Electron Donor Concentration on Perchlorate
Degradation in Aquifer Samples from IHDIV Buildhig 1170 Site
140
120 -X ><
•-x;.
0.35
0.50
0.62
14
24
Figure 13. Carbonate Titration Ciure for Sediment Slurries
fixim IHDIV Hogout Site
100 200 300 400
Carbonate Alkalinity (mg/L)
500 600
Figure 14. Influence of pH on Perchlorate Degradation in
Aquifer Microcosms from the IHDIV Hogout Site
-ffl—Killed
-I 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 r
10 15
Days
20 25 30
25
Figure 15. Influence of Co-Contaminants on Biodegradation of
Perchlorate in Groundwater from the Rocky Mountain Site
60
0 1—'—I 1—I—I—I—'—'—I—I—'—I—I I—I—I I I I I I I I ' I I I—r-
10 15
Days
20 25 30
Figure 16. Photomicrograph of DechlorospiriUiun sp.
FBR2 after staining with Acridine Orange
26
Figure 17. Photomicrograph of Dechlorosoma suilla
JPLRND after staining with Acridine Orange
27
APPENDIX A. PRESENTATIONS and PUBLICATIONS
This research has been presented in platform sessions at two conferences. The conference citations are
listed below.
Hatzinger, Paul B. 2000. Biotreatmentof Perchlorate in Groundwater. Partners in Environmental
Technology Symposium and Workshop. Arlington, VA. November 28 - 30,20(X)., pp. 38
Hatzinger, Paul B. 2000. In Situ Bioremediation of CIO4'in Groundwater. Fifth Annual Joint Services
Pollution Prevention & Hazardous Waste Management Conference San Antonio, TX. August 21-24,
2000.
28
KLEINFELDER
APPENDIX B
Abbreviated Site Safety and Health Plan
Pilot Test for well B-6
Promontory Facility
Promontory, Utah
KtEINFELDER
INTRODUCTION
This ASHP describes the measures that will be taken to ensure the protection of Kleinfelder and
Zimmerman field personnel during the groundwater monitoring, sparge well installation, and
pilot test system installation, operation, and disassembly. The site is located in Promontory, Utah
as shown in Figure 1 in the work plan. The route to the nearest hospital, Bear River Valley
Hospital, 440 West 600 North, Tremonton, Utah (435-257-7441) from the site can be navigated
by:
• Leave the site heading south on Highway 83 and travel 8 miles;
• Tum left onto Highway 102 and travel 16 miles;
• Tum left on N 400 W and travel 0.5 miles; and
• Tum left on W 600 N and travel 0.1 miles to arrive at the hospital.
This ASHP was prepared to address the work associated with the Pilot Test for Perchlorate
Remediation. Commensurate with the scope of this project, this ASHP will incorporate the
following tasks:
• On-site Drilling Activities for the Sparge Well;
Installation ofthe Sparge Well;
Pilot Test Injection and Maintenance; and
• Groundwater Observation Activities.
•
•
KLEINFELDER
2. PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITIES
2.1 TRAINING
Subcontractors will be provided with a copy of this ASHP and must be reviewed before
commencing fieldwork. A sign-up sheet has been provided in Attachment 1 for those who have
reviewed and understand this ASHP. Subcontractors are required to comply with all applicable
and appropriate federal, state, and local laws, standards, and regulations. Kleinfelder does not
assume responsibility for the health and safety of subcontractor or otir client's employees.
Explosives and other hazardous materials are handled at ATK - Promontory Facility; thus, site-
specific safety precautions must be followed. General site-specific training (safety, quality, etc.)
is done through the Promontory Training Department. To schedule this training prior to
fieldwork, John Holladay shall be contacted at [phone]. Completion ofthis training will
allow for subcontractor's to receive unescorted worksite pennits.
2.2 KEY PERSONNEL AND RESPONSIBILITIES
Personnel associated with this ASHP include:
Name
Chris Busch
John Holladay
David Shank
Jen Cowan
Jim Grippa or
Matt Ivers
Company and Title
ATK, Project Manager
ATK, Geologist
Kleinfelder, Quality Control Manager
Kleinfelder, Project Manager
Kleinfelder Field Leader / Site Safety
and Health Officer
Mike Zimmerman Zimmerman Well Services, LLC
Rich Bohrer Kleinfelder, CIH (off site)
Phone
[phone]
[phone]
[phone]
[phone]
[phone]
[phone]
[phone]
Responsibilities
Project oversight
Site and training contact
Work plan review
Document author
Direct field work,
construct pilot test system,
oversee site safety
Well driller
ASHP review and
authorizes changes
KLEINFELDER
2.3 SCHEDULE
Kleinfelder employees will be on site during well drilling, pilot test system
constmction/maintenance, and for a portion of the groundwater sampling activities to observe
ATK's protocols and equipment. The schedule for these activities is shown in Figure 4 of the
work plan. Kleinfelder will not be responsible for safety and health concems during groundwater
sampling or of ATK and subcontractors employees.
KLEINFELDER
3. SITE CONTROL AND COMMUNICATION
3.1 SITE ACCESS
Once the site-specific training has been completed, subcontractors will be able to enter and leave
the site without an escort. Persormel entering the Promontory Facility may not bring the
following items (contraband) through the gate or doors:
• Illegal or unauthorized dmgs;
• Alcoholic beverages;
• Firearms and other lethal weapons (e.g., tear gas, stun gims, etc.) beyond a controlled
entry point;
• Video and still cameras, unless accompanied by an ATK Thiokol Inc. camera pass
issued by the appropriate facility; or
• Pornography.
3.2 VEHICLE AND SECURITY PROCEDURES
ATK has many vehicles whose primary purpose is to transport explosives in various forms.
There is a high probability of encountering vehicles with flashing lights while traveling on-site.
The following rules must be adhered to as part of ATK's policies.
KLEINFELDER
3.2.1 Encountering Other Vehicles
If you meet any vehicle that displays a flashing red light, you must pull your vehicle off to the
right side ofthe road 100 feet before meeting the vehicle until it has passed. If you approach
such a vehicle from the rear, you must follow at a minimum distance of 100 feet. These vehicles
will be carrying hazardous materials or explosives, or will be responding to an emergency
(ambulances and fire tmcks). When in doubt, pull over and stop.
Under no conditions should you pass any forklift from either direction, whether loaded or
unloaded. If you meet any forklift, you must pull your vehicle off to the right side of the road
100 feet before meeting the forklift and let it pass. If you approach a forklift from the rear, you
must follow at a minimum distance of 100 feet.
3.2.2 Vehicle Use
ATK requires the use of seat belts by all personnel in a moving vehicle while on-site. The speed
limit on Promontory plant roads is 25 miles per hour, unless posted otherwise. Always follow
the posted speed limit.
Park your vehicle only in designated locations. At operating buildings, you must park beyond the
yellow-and-white parking triangles (50 feet from buildings). When parking your vehicle, make
sure that it does not block egress from any building, other vehicle traffic, or access to the
building by emergency crews. You may pull up to the building only to load or unload heavy
materials or equipment.
Parking Triangle
KLEINFELDER
Occasionally a road may be barricaded because of hazardous work being perfonned within an
area. In the event this happens, use altemate routes. Do not drive through or otherwise enter
barricaded areas.
A flashing blue light indicates designated explosive operations that are perfonned remotely
(unattended). Lights are positioned and a sign is posted on the roadside indicating the beginning
ofthe Quantity/Distance (Q/D) circle (mandated distance from explosive operations) surrounding
the building performing the remote explosive operation. When the light is flashing, you are not
allowed to stop your vehicle within this Q/D circle.
A flashing red light on a building indicates that a hazardous operation is in progress. Do not stop
next to or enter these buildings.
Personnel must stop at the entrance gate and show their badge to the security guard, or use the
automated badge-scaiming device when a guard is not present. If you use the badge-scanning
device, you must wait unfil the gate closes before pulling away. Allowing other vehicles to pass
through the gate using your badge scan is a violation of Security procedures.
3.3 BUDDY SYSTEM
The Buddy System includes maintaining two-way radio or cellular telephone contact with ofF-site
personnel and/or visual contact with other personnel located on-site.
Hand signals that will be used in an emergency situation where verbal communication is
ineffective are:
• Gripping throat, "Out of air; Can't breathe";
• Grip partner's wrist or both hands around waist, "Leave area immediately";
• Hands on top of head, "Need assistance";
• Thumbs up, "OK; 1 am alright; I understand"; or
KLEINFELDER
• Thumbs down, "No; Negative".
3.4 NO SMOKEMG
ATK policy prohibits smoking in any building and in hazardous locations (generally within the
inner-fenced plant area). You must go to a designated smoking area to smoke. Cigarette and
cigar butts are to be extinguished and deposited only in ashtrays or butt cans in approved
locations. Do not deposit trash in ashtrays or butt cans, as this can lead to a fire. Do not use the
vehicle cigarette lighter or smoke inside a vehicle inside the fenced plant.
KLEINFELDER
HAZARDS
4.1 SITE-SPECIFIC HAZARD SYMBOLS
There are three symbols in use at the Promontory Facility to indicate fire hazards and firefighting
protocol for explosive materials.
a. Symbol 1 (Class 1.1 explosives) is posted on buildings and vehicles containing
energetic materials classified as a mass detonation hazard. In case ofa fire, DO NOT
FIGHT THE FIRE in these buildings or vehicles. If possible and safe to do so,
activate the building or vehicle fire extinguishing system(s). Evacuate to a distance of
at least 2,000 feet, or as directed by supervision.
b. Symbol 3 (Class 1.3 explosives) is used on buildings and vehicles containing
explosives classified as a mass fire hazard. In case of a fire, activate building or
vehicle fire extinguishing system(s) as applicable. Do not fight the fire unless the fire
is minor, does not involve explosives, and appears controllable.
c. Symbol 4 (Class 1.4 explosives) is used on buildings and vehicles containing
materials classified as a moderate fire hazard. In case of fire, this type of fire may be
KLEINFELDER
fought if safe to do so. Portable and mobile fire extinguishing equipment can be used
until the fire has been brought under control.
WARNING: Some chemicals may emit toxic vapors in a fire; so do not attempt to
fight the fire and allow others with the proper training to do so.
4.2 CHEMICAL HAZARDS
Data from Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) have been utilized in evaluating the chemical
hazards described in Table B-l. Based on these hazard analyses, there are potential chemical
hazards associated with this project. To mitigate these potential hazards, personal protective
equipment must be utilized to protect workers. MSDSs for chemicals associated with this pilot
test are included in Attachment 2.
The main contaminant of concem in the groundwater is perchlorate. Concentrations of
perchlorate exceed the Interim Action Level established for Califomia of 4 Jig/L (a level has not
yet been established for Utah). Perchlorate originates from the solid salts of potassium,
ammonia, and sodium perchlorate. Perchlorate is an oxidizer and in pure form should not be
stored with flammable or combustible materials. Thermal decomposition ofthe perchlorate salts
may release toxic frames.
Ethyl acetate is a colorless liquid with a strong fhiity odor and is highly flammable. Inhalation of
this product should be avoided when handling. Personnel will position themselves upwind from
the product to avoid frames and wear a full-face shield to guard against splashing. To transfer the
liquid from the 5-gallon pails to the diffusion vessel, a peristaltic pump or similar method will be
Kl KLEINFELDER
used to minimize splashing and lifting. The containers will be bonded or grounded to prevent the
build up of static electricity that could cause the ethyl acetate to ignite. If needed, a respirator
with organic vapor cartridges may be wom; however, it is anticipated that a frill face shield will
be sufficient. Chemical resistant gloves like Silver Shield® (4H) or PVA''"'^ (disposable nitrile
gloves are insufficient) and a Saranex disposable suit are recommended to be wom to avoid
chemical exposure or contact with the skin or body. Spills or leaks should be addressed by first
immediately eliminating all ignition sources. Leaks may be absorbed with a vapor suppressing
foam, and spills covered with dry earth, sand, or other non-combustible material and transferred
into containers.
Compressed nitrogen will be supplied by Praxair from a supply tank mounted on a trailer.
Although nitrogen is non-toxic and does not require personal protective equipment, it should be
recognized that it could act as an asphyxiant by displacing the necessary amount of oxygen to
sustain a person's breathing. Nitrogen is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas. If a leak from
the nitrogen tank is discovered, personnel will place themselves up-wind or away from the tank
where fresh air is available. Emergency contact infonnation regarding nitrogen issues will be
posted on the side ofthe nitrogen tank.
Sodium TMP will be used for the application of the nutrient amendment and comes as a dry
powder. This substance is used as a food and cleaning ingredient and is not toxic. Inhalafion or
contact with skin and eyes should be avoided; however, serious health effects are not anticipated
in these situations. In the case ofa spill, sweep or sweep majority of spill and flush residual spill
area with water.
4.3 PHYSICAL HAZARDS
During installation of the sparge well, physical heizards will exist from drilling operations with
the drill rig. All on-site personnel should be familiar with the emergency shut-off for the drill
rig. Steel-toed boots must be wom within 50 feet ofthe drill rig. Be aware of overhead hazards
when raising the mast ofthe drill rig. During drilling and well constmction activities, the on-site
KLEINFELDER
Kleinfelder personnel will restrict access to the area so that only trained personnel are in the
vicinity ofthe drilling equipment.
Additionally, hearing protection (muff or plugs) to protect hearing will be wom while the drill rig
is in operation. The protection device must have a noise reduction rating capable of providing
the wearer with enough protection to reduce the received noise level to be below 85 dB A-
weighed (A) scale.
4.4 BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS
Potential biological hazards at the site include exposure to animals such as mammals, snakes,
ticks, spiders, and rodents. Other mammals such as ground squirrels, rabbits, rats, and
chipmunks should be avoided for other diseases such as the bubonic plague, fleas, and bites that
could transmit rabies or other infections. First-aid for a rattlesnake bite consists of calming the
victim, washing the affected area with soap and water, applying a cold wet cloth over the bite
area, and immediately transferring the victim to the nearest hospital. Bite signs and symptoms
include swelling, pain, bleeding at the site of bite, nausea, vomifing, sweating, chills, dizziness,
weakness, numbness or tingling of the mouth and tongue, and changes in heart rate and blood
pressure.
Ticks are also found in this area and are most common during the early summer months. The
major hazards associated with tick bites are infection and possible transmission of Lyme disease.
Precautions include use of PPE, keeping legs and ankles covered, and following good personal
hygiene techniques. If bitten, the tick should be removed by grasping the head with a pair of
tweezers and pulling using a straight-out motion. Early signs and symptoms of Lyme disease
generally include flu-like fever, persistent headache, chronic fatigue, and usually a red "ring"
around the area of the tick bite. Medical attention should be sought immediately upon the onset
of these symptoms. If immediately treated by a physician, most individuals recover fully in a
short period of time. If not treated, more serious symptoms can occur.
KLEINFELDER
Although uncommon, hantavims has been found in Utah. The vims gains entry into the body via
inhalation of particles from infected deer mice feces, urine, and saliva. Hantavims may infect the
respiratory tract and is frequently fatal. Precautions include disinfection of work areas where
mice are present, avoid contact or disturbance, use of PPE, and following good personal hygiene
techniques. Any employee who experiences a respiratory disease within 45 days after a potential
exposure should see a physician. Other symptoms include fatigue, fever, and muscle aches,
especially in the large muscle groups (thighs, hips, back, and sometimes shoulders).
4.5 HEAT STRESS/COLD STRESS
Wearing PPE can significantly increase risk of personnel developing heat stress, which can result
in health effects ranging from transient heat fatigue to serious illness or death. Heat stress is
caused by a number of interacting factors, including environmental conditions, clothing,
workload, and the individual characteristics ofthe person. Because heat stress is probably one of
the most common (and potenfially serious) illnesses at hazardous waste sites, personal awareness
and other preventive precautions are vital. Fluids must be replenished adequately, and heart rate
and body temperature monitored. The signs and symptoms indicating heat stress are as follows:
• Heat rash: resulting from continuous exposure to heat or humid air;
•
•
Heat cramps: caused by heavy sweating with inadequate electrolyte replacement.
Signs and symptoms include:
Muscle spasms; and
Pain in the hands, feet, and abdomen.
Heat exhaustion: occurring from increased stress on various body organs including
inadequate blood circulation due to cardiovascular insufficiency or dehydration.
Signs and symptoms include:
Pale, cool, moist skin;
Heavy sweating;
KLEINFELDER
Dizziness;
Nausea; or
Fainting.
• Heat stroke: most serious form of heat stress. Temperature regulation fails and the
body tempyerature rises to critical levels. Immediate action must be taken to cool the
body before serious injury and death occur. Competent medical help must be
obtained. Signs and symptoms are:
Red, hot usually dry skin;
Lack ofor reduced perspiration;
- Nausea;
Dizziness and confusion;
Strong, rapid pulse; or
Coma.
Should an employee exhibit one or more ofthese symptoms, the employee will immediately stop
work, find a shaded area or move to a cooled building, and drinking fluids until their body
temperature is not in excess of 100 degrees Fahrenheit.
Cold stress is not anticipated for this project, as fieldwork will commence during the summer
months.
KLEINFELDER
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
The levels of personal protection required for each task are assumed to be Level D. Level D
protective equipment shall consist ofthe following:
• Nitrile gloves will be wom while handling saturate soil cuttings from the boring, as
they will likely be impacted with concenfrations of perchlorate up to 42 mg/L.
• Gloves will also be wom while handling the sodium TMP.
• Steel-toed safety shoes or boots (leather, PVC, and/or mbber) meeting the
specifications of American National Standard Insfitule (ANSI) Z41.
• Hard hat while overhead hazards exist (i.e., drilling); all approved hard hats must
meet the specifications of ANSI Z89.1.
• Hearing protection (muff or plugs), as necessary. The protection device must have a
noise reduction rating capable of providing the wearer with enough protection to
reduce the received noise level to be below 85 dB (A).
• Specifically when handling the liquid ethyl acetate, the work outfit will specifically
include the following additional items:
Full-face shield;
Disposable Saranex suit; and
Silver Shield® or PVA gloves with a higher degree of chemical resistance
will be wom for this project while in possible contact with liquid ethyl
acetate (nitrile gloves will not provide adequate skin protection).
KLEINFELDER
Although not required, PPE may be upgraded to Level C if determined necessary while handling
the ethyl acetate. Level C PPE requires a fiill-face respirator with organic vapor cartridges to be
wom in addition to the required Level D items listed above. Employees will have been
previously certified fit-tested with the appropriate respirator before doiming at the Site.
KLEINFELDER
6. EMERGENCY RESPONSE
Emergencies should be immediately reported to the project manager and ATK personnel.
Emergency response contacts are as follows:
Name
Fire, Police, Ambulance
Poison Control Center
Site Heath and Safety Officer -
Kleinfelder
Jim Grippa
Client Representatives - ATK
John Holladay
Chris Busch
Project Managers - Kleinfelder
Jen Cowan
David Shank
CIH-Kleinfelder
Rich Bohrer
Nearest Hospital (see Figure I)
Bear River Valley IHC Hospital
440 West 600 North
Tremonton, UT
Contact Number
911
800-764-7661
801-243-7341
435-863-6895
801-251-3562
801-261-3336
801-971-8541
[phone]
435-257-7441
Emergency response equipment that should be kept onsite during field activities include:
• Fire Extinguisher - note to be used in the appropriate application according to the
MSDS sheets for project related chemicals
• First Aid Kit
KLEINFELDER
• Communication
o Verbal
o Cellular
o Hand signals
Table B-l
Chemical Hazard Analysis
Pilot Test Work Plan for Perchlorate Remediation
ATK - Promontory Facility
Analyte
Ammonium Perchlorate
Ethyl Acetate
Nitrogen
Sodium TMP
PEL
NE
400 ppm
(Note: Odor
threshold is at
6-50 ppm)
NE
I5mg/m3*
IDLH
NE
2,000 ppm
NE
NE
Deicription
Is an oxidizer and used in
manufacturing ot" rockei
motors
Clear, colorless liquid
with strong fruity odor
Not toxic, but can act as
asphyxiant by displacing
necessary oxygen to
sustain life
Non-toxic anhydrous
white powder
ExpoiurePathwayi
Inhalation,
reactivity, skin
absorption
Inhalation,
reactivity, skin
absorption
Inhalation
Inhalation, skin
absorption
Signs and Symptomt
May cause bums to skin and eyes.
Fire may produce irritating or
poisonous gases.
Defatting, drying, mildly irritating,
headache, dizzyness, drowsiness,
intoxication; long-term exposure may
cause livcT and kidney damage
Dizzyness, nausea, vomiting,
diminished mental alertness, loss of
consciousness, death
May cause some irritation to body in
some individuals; inhalation may
cause sneezing or coughing.
Expected
concentrations
42 mg/L (dissolved
in groundwater)
100% (non-diluted)
100% (non-diluted)
100% powder
(approximately 20%
diluted in water)
PPE
Rubber gloves; avoid skin
contact; safety glasses
Barricade, Responder, or
Trellchem gloves; safety
glasses; full-face respirator
with organic vapor cannister
Adequate ventilation for
breathing as it displaces
oxygen
Gloves; avoid inhalation or
contact with eyes
Note:
PEL - Permissible Exposure Limit
IDLH - Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health Concentrations
NE - Not established
TMP - Trimetaphosphate
• No specific exposure limits set by OSHA PEL; considered particulate not otherwise regulated or classified.
Source: NIOSH website(http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/intridl4.htnil)
ATK/5I27X.OOI/SLC5R031
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc. Page I of 1 June 22, 2005
KLEINFELDER
Attachment 1
KLEINFELDER
ONSITE SAFETY MEETING ATTENDEES
I have read, understand, and agree with the information set for in this ASHP. I have also
attended ATK's on-site training. I agree to perform my work in accordance with this
ASHP.
Signature Name (Printed)/Title Date
KLEINFELDER
Attachment 2
MSDSs
1/20/05
.ORN I. Ll. I Material Safety
Data Sheets I
Division of Facilities Services
DOD Hazardous Material Information (ANSI Format)
For Cornell University Convenience Only
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
Section 1 - Product and Company Identification
Section 2 - Compositon/lnfonnation on Ingredients
Section 3 - Hazards Identification Includinc Emergency Ovcr\'ie\v
Section. 4 - First-Aid Measures
Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures
Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures
Section 7 - Handling and Storage
Section 8 - Exposure Controls & Personal Protection
Section 9 - Physical & Chemical Properties
Section 10 - Stabilit\' & Rcactivitv Data
Section 11 - Toxicological Infonnation
Section 12 - Ecological Infonnation
Section 13 - Disposal Considerations
Section 14 - MSDS Transport Infonnation
Section 15 - Reuulatoi-v Infomiation
Section 16 - Other Infomiation
^'le information in this document is compiled from information maintained by the United States Department of Defense
)0D). Anyone using this information is solely reponsible for the accuracy and applicability ofthis information to a
particular use or situation.
•^omell University does not in any way warrant or imply the applicability, viability or use ofthis information to any
;rson or for use in any situation.
Section 1 - Product and Company Identification
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
Product Identification: AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
Jte of MSDS: 01/01/1985 Technical Review Date: 08/14/1979
FSC: 6810 NIIN: 00-628-3388
Submitter: D DG
atus Code: C
viFN: 01
Article: N
it Part: N
Manufacturer's Information
Wanufacturer's Name: NAVAL ORDNANCE SYSTEMS COMMAND
Manufacturer's Address I:
anufacturer's Address2: N/P, NK OOOOO
Manufacturer's Country: NK
1/20/05
i^neral Information Telephone:
Tilmergency Telephone: N/P
Emergency Telephone: N/P
1SDS Preparer's Name: N/P
Troprietary: N
Reviewed: Y
ubiished: Y
^"AGE: JO003
Special Project Code: N
lem Name:
^em Manager:
Specification Number: NK
ype/Grade/Class: NK
-onit of Issue:
Unit of Issue Quantity:
ype of Container:
Item Description
Contractor Information
contractor's Name: HOECHST CELANESE CHEM GROUP
Contractor's Address I: UNKNOWN
ontractor's Address2: DALLAS, TX 75356-9320
contractor's Telephone: [phone]
Contractor's CAGE: 10001
Contractor Information
•ontractor's Name: NAVAL ORDNANCE STATION
contractor's Address!: 101 STRAUSS AVE
Contractor's Address!: INDIAN HEAD, MD 20640-5000
ontractor's Telephone: [phone]
contractor's CAGE: JO003
Section 2 - Compositon/Information on Ingredients
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
" igredient Name: AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
_igredient CAS Number: 7790-98-9 Ingredient CAS Code: M
RTECS Number: SC7520000 RTECS Code: M
WT: =WT Code:
_Volume: =Volume Code:
>WT: >WT Code:
Volume: >Volume Code:
_WT: <WT Code:
<Volume: <Volume Code:
" > Low WT: % Low WT Code:
. High WT: % High WT Code:
% Low Volume: % Low Volume Code:
" J High Volume: % High Volume Code:
_>Text: 100
% Enviromental Weight:
ttp://msds.ehs.comell.edu/msds/msdsdod/a67/m33375.htm
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)ther REC Limits: N/P
^SHA PEL: N/P OSHA PEL Code:
OSHA STEL: OSHA STEL Code:
vCGIH TLV: UNKNOWN ACGIH TLV Code: M
T=iCGIH STEL: N/P ACGIH STEL Code:
EPA Reporting Quantity:
>OT Reporting Quantity:
^zone Depleting Chemical: N
Section 3 - Hazards Identification, Including Emergency Overview
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
Jealth Hazards Acute & Chronic: N/P
igns & Symptoms of Overexposure:
_tAY CAUSE BURNS TO SKIN & EYES.FIRE MAY PRODUCE IRRITATING OR POISONOUS GASES.
~ ledical Conditions Aggravated by Exposure:
J/P
',D50 LCSO Mixture: N/P
Route of Entry Indicators:
Inhalation: N/P
Skin: N/P
Ingestion: N/P
_'arcenogenicity Indicators
NTP: N/P
lARC: N/P
OSHA: N/P
Carcinogenicity Explanation: N/P
Section 4 - First Aid Measures
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
First Aid:
'RRIGATE THE CONTAMINATED EYES W/RUNNING WATER FOR 15 MINUTE OR LONGER,FOLLOWED BY
PTHAMOLOGICAL TREATMENT.REMOVE CONTAMINATED CLOTHING & SHOES.
Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
Fire Fighting Procedures:
'RAY WATE FROM BEHIND PROTECTIVE BOARD,IN ADV.STAGE-REFUGE
crnusual Fire or Explosion Hazard:
MAY IGNITE COMBUSTIBLES.MIXTURES W/FUELS MAY EXPLODE.RUNOFF TO SEWER MAY CREATE
RE OR EXPLOSION.
EiXtinguishing Media:
DRY CHEMlCAL,CO*2 FOR SML FIRES.LG FIRES:FLOOD WAV ATER
ash Point: Flash Point Text: N.A.
\utoignition Temperature:
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Autoignition Temperature Text: N/A
Lower Limit(s):
Upper Limit(s):
Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
Spill Release Procedures:
OVER WITH WEAK REDUCING AGENTS SUCH AS HYPO,BISULFITES OR FERROUS SALTS.BISULFITES
-JR FERROUS SALTS NEED ADDITIONAL PROMOTER OF SOME 3M-H*2SO*4 TO ACCELERATE
REACTION.TRANSFER THE SLURRY INTO A LARGE CONT. OF WATER NEUTRALIZE W/SODA ASH.
Section 7 - Handling and Storage
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
_(andling and Storage Precautions:
•^ther Precautions:
Section 8 - Exposure Controls & Personal Protection
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
Repiratory Protection:
ELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS,AND/OR DUST MASK
ventilation:
AS REQUIRED TO CONTROL DUST IN AIR
rotective Gloves:
KUBBER
Eye Protection: SAFETY GOGGLES
>ther Protective Equipment: COVERALLS,FACE SHIELD,BODY SHIELD
Work Hygenic Practices: N/P
Supplemental Health & Safety Information: CONTAINER MAY EXPLODE IN HEAT OF FIRE.MAY EXPLODE
ROM FRICT10N,SH0CK,HEAT OR CONTAMINATION.KEEP FIRE-EXPOSED CONTAINERS COOL WITH
»v^ATER SPRAY TO PROTECT AGAINST EXPLOSION
Section 9 - Physical & Chemical Properties
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
CC:D1
_RC/State License Number:
Net Property Weight for Ammo:
oiUng Point: Boiling Point Text: DECOMP.266F
Jelting/Freezing Point: Melting/Freezing Text: N/A
Decomposition Point: Decomposition Text: N/A
apor Pressure: N/P Vapor Density: N/P
__2rcent Volatile Organic Content:
Specific Gravity: 1.95
olatile Organic Content Pounds per Gallon:
^,H: N/P
Volatile Organic Content Grams per Liter:
' "iscosity: N/P
_vaporation Weight and Reference: N/P
Solubility in Water: APPRECIABLE
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vppearance and Odor: COLORLESS,ODORLESS CRYSTALS.
T'ercent Volatiles by Volume: N/P
Corrosion Rate: N/P
Section 10 - StabiUty & Reactivity DaU
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
_^ability Indicator: YES
Materials to Avoid:
OWDERED METALS,IGNITION SOURCES,ORG MATLS,STRONG ACIDS
stability Condition to Avoid:
N/P
"lazardous Decomposition Products:
J/P
Hazardous Polymerization Indicator: NO
"Conditions to Avoid Polymerization:
yp
Section 11 - Toxicological Information
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
Toxicological Information:
/P
Section 12 - Ecological Information
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
Ecological Information:
/P
Section 13 - Disposal Considerations
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
Waste Disposal Methods:
SE VAST VOLUME OF CONC.SOLUTION OF REDUCING AGENT(BISULFITES OR FERROUS SALTS W/3M-
_*2SO*4 OR HYPO).NEUTRALIZE WITH SODA ASH OR DILUTE HCL.DRAIN INTO AN APPROVED
DISPOSAL AREA WITH ABUNDANT WATER.
Section 14 - MSDS Transport Information
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
ransport Information:
N/P
Section 15 - Regulatory Information
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
; \.RA Title III Information:
rv/P
Federal Regulatory Information:
'P
isiBte Regulatory Information:
N/P
Section 16 - Other Information
AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
tp://msds.ehs.comell.edu/msds/msdsdod/a67/m33375.htm
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^ther Information:
N/P
HMIS Transportation Informatioii
product Identification: AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
Transporation ID Number: 80266
:esponsible Party CAGE: JO003
^ate MSDS Prepared: 01/01/1985
Date MSDS Reviewed: 08/14/1979
IFN: 08/14/1979
_ubmitter: D DG
Status Code: C
Container Information
Unit of Issue:
Container Quantity:
_ Type of Container:
Net Unit Weight:
-rticle without MSDS: N
Technical Entry NOS Shipping Number:
adioactivity:
_orm:
Net Explosive Weight:
oast Guard Ammunition Code:
_lagnetism: N/P
AF MMAC Code:
~OD Exemption Number:
limited Quantity Indicator:
Multiple Kit Number: 0
' 'it Indicator: N
_it Part Indicator: N
Review Indicator: Y
' dditional Data:
Department of Transportation Information
OT Proper Shipping Name: AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
DOT PSN Code: ASH
"^-'mbols:
I OT PSN Modifier:
Hazard Class: I.ID
''N ID Number: UN0402
i OT Packaging Group: II
Label: EXPLOSIVE IID
^^ecial Provision(s): 107
' ickaging Exception: NONE
!Ton Bulk Packaging: 62
''•ilk Packaging: NONE
aximimum Quanity in Passenger Area: FORBIDDEN
Vlaximimum Quanity in Cargo Area: FORBIDDEN
•^*ow in Vessel Requirements: B
I jquirements Water/Sp/Other: 1E,5E,19E
~ IMO Detail Information
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MO Proper Shipping Name: AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
TMO PSN Code: AZZ
IMO PSN Modifier:
MDG Page Number: 5126
TJN Number: 1442
UN Hazard Class: 5.1
MO Packaging Group: II
-subsidiary Risk Label: -
EMS Number: 5.1-09
fedical First Aid Guide Number: 745
— lATA Detail Information
lATA Proper Shipping Name: AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
\TA PSN Code: BQC
-rATA PSN Modifier:
L\TA UN Id Number: 1442
\TA UN Class: 5.1
subsidiary Risk Class:
UN Packaging Group: II
\TA Label: OXIDIZER
.packaging Note for Passengers: 509
Maximum Quantity for Passengers: 5KG
ackaging Note for Cargo: 512
—laximum Quantity for Cargo: 25KG
Exceptions: A22
AFI Detail Information
_FI Proper Shipping Name: AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
AFI Symbols:
.FI PSN Code: BQH
_ FI PSN Modifier:
AFI UN Id Number: UN0402
FI Hazard Class: I.ID
_FI Packing Group: II
AFI Label:
"pecial Provisions: P4, 107
_ack Pack Reference: A5.8
HAZCOM Label Information
"roduct Identification: AMMONIUM PERCHLORATE
AGE: JO003
Assigned Individual: Y
^ompany Name: NAVAL ORDNANCE STATION
_ompany PO Box:
Company Street Address 1: 101 STRAUSS AVE
^ompany Street Address2: INDIAN HEAD, MD 20640-5000 US
ealth Emergency Telephone:
Label Required Indicator: Y
•^ate Label Reviewed: 12/16/1998
;atus Code: C
Manufacturer's Label Number:
'^ate of Label: 12/16/1998
ear Procured: N/K
Organization Code: G
'^hronic Hazard Indicator: N/P
ve Protection Indicator: N/P
Skin Protection Indicator: N/P
_:tp://msds.ehs.comel[.eduymsds/msdsdod/a67/m33375.htm
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tespiratory Protection Indicator: N/P
Taignal Word: N/P
Health Hazard:
Contact Hazard:
Vire Hazard:
Reactivity Hazard:
.^7/2002 11:47:48 PM
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Comet Chemical Company Ltd.
3463 Thomas Street Innisni ,ON L9S 3W4
Te«: [phone] Fax: [phone] COMET
Materials Safety Data - ETHYL ACETATE
Shipping Name
Transport of Dangerous Goods Class
WHMIS Class
Material Use
1. HAZARDOUS INGREDIENTS
Ethyl Acetate
CAS
NUMBER
141-78-6 100%
UN- 1173
ETHYL ACETATE
Class 3; Pacldng Group II
B2;D2B
solvent; pharmaceutical mfg. synthetic flavours
TWAEV
(ppm)
400
LDi*
ORAL
4100
(mg/kg)
SKIN
18,000
LCs* ppm
INHALATION
12,500
PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS
Odour & Appearance
Odour Threshold
Vapour Pressure
Vapour Density (air = 1)
Boiling Point
Freezing Point
Specific Gravity
Water Solubility
3.
clear, colourless, liquid with strong fruity odour
6- 50 ppm - detectable well below TWAEV
73 mmHg (20°C)
3
77T
-84°C
0.902
slight - 9% (20"C)
FLAMMABILITY & REACIIVITY
Flash Point
Autoignition Temperature
Flammable Limits
Hazardous Combustion Products
Firefighting Precautions
Sensitivity to Static Discharge
Sensitivity to Mechanical Impact
Chemical Stability
Reactive With
Dangerous Decomposition Products
-4°C
426°C
2% - 11%
carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, smoke
foam, dry chemical, water fog, water spray only to cool, product floats on
water - water jet spreads flames; firefighters must wear SCBA
not sensitive
not sensitive
stable; will not polymerize
strong oxidising agents; strong acids or alkalies, chlorosulphonic acid,
potassium tert-butoxide, and oleum
none apart from "Hazardous Combustion Products"
4. TOXICOLOGY
EFFECTS OF ACUTE EXPOSURE
Skin Contact defatting, drying, mildly irritating
Skin Absorption yes; but toxic effects unlikely by this route (see LDjo)
Eye Contact liquid and vapour irritating
Inhalation irritating to respiratory system; headache, dizzyness, drowsiness, intoxication may occur
Ingestion may cause headache, dizzyness, drowsiness, intoxication and eventual unconsciousness
(Ethyl Acetate, cont'd)
EFFECTS OF CHRONIC EXPOSURE
General
Sensitising
Carcinogenic
Reproductive Effect
Synergistic With
Estimated LD50
Estimated LC50
Hands
Eyes
Respirator
Clothing
prolonged exposure may cause skin cracking and dermatitis
repeated exposure may cause liver and kidney damage
may sensitise
no
none known in humans
not known
4100 mg/kg (oral, rat); 20,000 mg/kg (skin, rabbit)
12,500 ppm (inhalation)
PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
"Barricade", "Responder", or "Trellchem" gloves
safety glasses with side shields
not required if ventilation is adequate (see TWAEV, (I) above)
impervious (hands, above) apron , boots, long sleeves, if splasliing is anticipated
ENVIRONMENT
Leak Precaution
Handling Spill
inert
Waste Disposal
7.
dyke to control spillage and prevent environmental contamination
' Fire potentiaL Blanket spill with foam as a precaution against ignition, -
ventilate contaminated area; recover free liquid with explosion-proof pumps; absorb residue on an
sorbent (dry sand, earth) and store in closed containers for disposal
do not flush to sewer; may be incinerated in approved facility
STORAGE & HANDLING
Store and use in a cool dry envirormient, away from sources of ignition, heat and oxidising agents. Use with adequate
ventilation. The product is very flammable and precautions must be taken to reduce the possibility of static discharge which may
cause ignition. Ground the container before handling and use non-sparking tools. Do not cut, drill, weld or grind on or near this
container. Avoid prolonged contact with skin and wash work clothes frequently. An eye bath and safety shower should be
available near the workplace.
8. FIRST AID
SKTN: Wash with soap and plenty of water. Remove contaminated clothing and do not reuse until thoroughly cleaned
or laundered.
EYES: Wash eyes with plenty of water, holding eyelids open. Seek medical assistance promptly if there is any
irritation.
INHALATION: Remove from contaminated area promptly. CAUTION: Rescuer mast not endanger himself! If breathing
stops, administer artificial respiration and seek medical aid promptly.
INGESTION: Give plenty of water to dilute product. Do not induce vomiting (sec NOTE below). Keep victim quiet. If
vomiting occurs, keep victim's head below the hips to prevent inhalation of vomited material. Seek medical
help promptly.
NOTE: Inadvertent inhalation of volited material may seriously damage the lungs. The risk and danger of this is greater than the risk of poisoning
through absorption of this product. The stomach should be emptied under medical supervision, after the installation of an airway to protect the lungs.
Emergency telephone numbers weekdays from 8:00-5:00
at all other times
[phone]
[phone] (Philip Environmental)
Prepared for Comet Chemical Co. Ltd., by Nicholas Morgan, October 2002
The information herein is given in good faith but no warranty, expressed or implied, is made.
PLEASE ENSURE THA T THIS MSDS IS GIVEN TO AND EXPLAINED TO THE PERSON USING THIS PRODUCT.
File e-acetat •
NPGD0260 - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards I CDC/NIOSH Page 1 of 1
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Ethyl acetate
CH3C00C2H5
Synonyms & Trade Names
Acetic ester, Acetic ether, Ethyl ester of acetic acid, Ethyl ethanoate
Exposure
Limits
CAS 141-78-6
RTECS AH5425000
OOT ID & Guide
1173 129
NIOSH REL: TWA 400 ppm (1400 mg/m^)
OSHA PEL: TWA 400 ppm (1400 mg/m^)
IDLH 2000 ppm [10%LEL] See: 141786 Conversion 1 ppm = 3.60 mg/m^
Physical Description
Colorless liquid with an ether-like, fruity odor.
MW:88.1 BP:17rF
VP: 73 mmHg
FI.P: 24T
IP: 10.01 eV
UEL: 11.5%
FRZ:-117°F J Sol(77''F): 10%
1 Sp.Gr: 0.90
LEL: 2.0% |
Class IB Flammable Liquid: FI.P. below 73°F and BP at or above 100°F.
Incompatibilities & Reactivities
Nitrates; strong oxidizers, alkalis & acids
Measurement Methods
NIOSH 1457; OSHA 7
See: NMAM or OSHA Methods
Personal Protection & Sanitation
Skin: Prevent skin contact
Eyes: Prevent eye contact
Wash skin: When contaminated
Remove: When wet (flammable)
Change: No recommendation
First Aid (See procedures)
Eye: Irrigate immediately
Skin: Water flush promptly
Breathing: Respiratory support
Swallow: Medical attention immediately
Important additional Infomiation about respirator selection
Respirator Recommendations NIOSH/OSHA
Up to 2000 ppm: (APF = 25) Any supplled-air respirator operated in a continuous-ftow nfKxle^/(APF = 25) Any powered,
air-purifying respirator with organic vapor cartridge(s)'-/(APF = 50) Any chemical cartrklge respirator with a full facepiece
and organic vapor cartridge(s)/(APF = 50) Any air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-style, front- or
back-mounted organic vapor canister/(APF = 50) Any self-contained breathing apparatus wHh a full facepiece/(APF = 50)
Any supplied-air respirator with a full facepiece
Emergency or planned entry into unknown concentrations or IDLH conditions: (APF = 10,000) Any self-contained
breathing apparatus that has a full facepiece and is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-pressure mode/(APF
= 10,000) Any supplied-air respirator that has a full facepiece and Is operated in a pressure-demand or other positive-
pressure mode in combination with an auxiliary self-contained positive-pressure breathing apparatus
Escape: (APF = 50) An^ air-purifying, full-facepiece respirator (gas mask) with a chin-st^e, front- or back-mounted organic
vapor canister/Any appropriate escape-type, self-contained breathing apparatus
Exposure Routes inhalation, ingestion, skin and/or eye contact
Symptoms Irritation eyes, skin, nose, throat; narcosis; dermatitis
Target Organs Eyes, skin, respiratory system
See also: INTRODUCTION See ICSC CARD: 0367 |
NIOSH Home | NIOSH Search | Site Index | Topic List | Contact Us
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0260.html 5/16/2005
1/20/05
.ORN I [ Material Safety
Data Sheets 1
Division of Facilities Services
DOD Hazardous Material Informatioii (ANSI Format)
For Cornell University Convenience Only
NITROGEN
Section 1 - Product and Companv Identitication
Section 2 - Compositon/Intonnation on Ingredients
Section 3 - Hazards Identitication Includine Emergency Overview
Section 4 - First Aid Measures
Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures
Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures
Section 7 - Handling and Storage
Section 8 - Exposure Controls & Personal Protection
Section 9 - Physical & Chemical Properties
Section 10 - Stabilitv & Rcactivitv Data
Section 11 - Toxicolouical Infonnation
Section 12 - Ecoloaical Intonnation
Section 13 - Disposal Considerations
Section 14 - MSDS Transport Infonnation
Section 15 - RegulatoiA- Information
Section 16 - Other Infonnation
he information in this document is compiled from information maintained by the United States Department of Defense
^)OD). Anyone using this information is solely reponsible for the accuracy and applicability ofthis informatton to a
particular use or situation,
"omell University does not in any way warrant or imply the applicability, viability or use ofthis information to any
jrson or for use in any situation.
Section 1 - Product and Company Identification
NITROGEN
**Toduct Identincation: NITROGEN
ate ofMSDS: 04/01/1984 Technical Review Date: 09/07/1989
FSC: 6830 NIIN: 00-244-2741
'^ibmitter: D DG
atus Code: C
WFN: 01
* rticle: N
it Part: N
Manufacturer's Information
Vtanufacturer's Name: BIG THREE INDUSTRIES, INC
"ist Office Box: 3047
anufacturer's Addressl: 3535 W 12TH ST
Manufacturer's Addressl: HOUSTON, TX 77253
1/20/05
Manufacturer's Country: US
<<Jeneral Information Telephone:
Emergency Telephone: [phone]
'.mergency Telephone: [phone]
^ISDS Preparer's Name: N/P
Proprietary: N
Reviewed: Y
-.rublished: Y
CAGE: 17688
pecial Project Code: N
^em Name: NITROGEN,TECHNICAL
Item Manager:
pecification Number: NK
^ype/Grade/Class: NK
Unit of Issue:
nit of Issue Quantity:
^ype of Contamer: CYLINDER
Item Description
Contractor Information
Contractor's Name: AIR LIQUIDE AMERICA CORPORATION
ontractor's Addressl: 2700 POST OAK DRIVE
contractor's AddressZ: HOUSTON, TX 77056-8229
Contractor's Telephone: [phone]
ontractor's CAGE: 17688
Section 2 - Compositon/Information on Ingredients
NITROGEN
Ingredient Name: NITROGEN
' Igredient CAS Number: 7727-37-9 Ingredient CAS Code: M
TECS Number: QW9700000 RTECS Code: M
=WT: =WT Code:
Volume: =Volume Code:
SVT: >WT Code:
>Volume: >Volume Code:
WT: <WT Code:
_Volume: <Volume Code:
% Low WT: % Low WT Code:
"'• High WT: % High WT Code:
) Low Volume: % Low Volume Code:
% High Volume: % High Volume Code:
•'.Text: 100
I Enviromental Weight:
Other REC Limits: N/R
'^SHA PEL: NOT ESTABLISHED OSHA PEL Code: M
SHA STEL: OSHA STEL Code:
ACGIH TLV: ASPHYXIANT; 9192 ACGIH TLV Code: M
* CGIH STEL: N/P ACGIH STEL Code:
PA Reporting Quantity:
DOT Reporting Quantity:
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•zone Depleting Chemical: N
Section 3 - Hazards Identification, Including Emergency Overview
NITROGEN
:ealth Hazards Acute & Chronic: NRTROGEN IS NONTOXIC, BUT MAY PRODUCE SUFFOCATION BY
_1SPLACING THE OXYGEN IN THE AIR. EXPOSURE TO OXYGEN-DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERES MAY CAUSE
DIZZINESS, NAUSEA, VOMITING, DIMINISHED MENTAL ALERTNESS, LOSS OF CINSCIOUSNESS &
~ EATH.
Signs & Symptoms of Overexposure:
"EE "HEALTH HAZARDS"
Medical Conditions Aggravated by Exposure:
^'/R
LD50 LCSO Mixture: N/R
_oute of Entry Indicators:
Inhalation: YES
Skin: NO
_ Ingestion: NO
^arcenogenicity Indicators
NTP: N/P
lARC: N/P
OSHA: N/P
Carcinogenicity Explanation: N/R
Section 4 - First Aid Measures
NITROGEN
irst Aid:
PERSONS SUFFERING FROM LACK OF OXYGEN SHOULD BE MOVED INTO FRESH AIR. ASSISTED
RESPIRATION & SUPPLEMENTAL OXYGEN SHOULD BE GIVEN IF THE VICTIM IS NOT BREATHING.
ELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS MAY BE REQUIRED TO PREVENT ASPHYXIANTION
OFRESCUE WORKERS.
Section 5 - Fire Fighting Measures
NITROGEN
ire Fighting Procedures:
^RE FIGHTERS SHOULD WEAR SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS.
Unusual Fire or Explosion Hazard:
ITROGEN WILL ACT AS A SIMPLE ASPHYXIANT IF IT DISPLACES OXYGEN,
^extinguishing Media:
USE MEDIA SUITABLE FOR SURROUNDING FIRE.
lash Point: Flash Point Text: N/R
Autoignition Temperature:
Autoignition Temperature Text: N/A
- Lower Limit(s): N/R
Upper Limit(s): N/R
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Section 6 - Accidental Release Measures
NITROGEN
pill Release Procedures:
SHUT OFF NITROGEN SOURCE IF POSSIBLE. VENTILATE ENCLOSED AREAS TO PREVENT FORMATION
'^F OXYGEN-DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERES.
Section 7 - Handling and Storage
NITROGEN
Handling and Storage Precautions:
ither Precautions:
Section 8 - Exposure Controls & Personal Protection
NITROGEN
epiratory Protection:
^SE SELF-CONTAINED BREATHING APPARATUS IN OXYGEN-DEFICIENT ATMOSPHERES. RESPIRATORS
WILL NOT FUNCTION.
entilation:
^ENTS SUFFICIENT TO AVOID HIGH CONCENTRATIONS OF NITROGEN.
Protective Gloves:
ONE
_ye Protection: NONE
Other Protective Equipment: NONE STATED
^ork Hygenic Practices: N/P
„ipplemental Health & Safety Information: NITROGEN IS NON-TOXIC BUT CAN ACT AS AN ASPHYXIANT
BY DISPLACING THE NECESSARY AMOUNT OF AIR TO SUSTAIN LIFE.
Section 9 - Physical & Chemical Properties
NITROGEN
CC: G3
NRC/State License Number:
*'et Property Weight for Ammo:
oiling Point: Boiling Point Text: -320.4F
Melting/Freezing Point: Melting/Freezing Text: N/K
'decomposition Point: Decomposition Text: N/K
apor Pressure: GAS Vapor Density: .0724 LBCF
Fercent Volatile Organic Content:
P->eciric Gravity: 0.967 AT 70F
olatile Organic Content Pounds per Gallon:
pH:7
*'olatile Organic Content Grams per Liter:
iscosity: N/P
Evaporation Weight and Reference: N/K
«=olubility in Water: 2.33 VOL %
ppearance and Odor: COLORLESS, ODORLESS, TASTELESS GAS
Fercent Volatiles by Volume: 100
'^orrosion Rate: N/K
Section 10 - Stability & Reactivity Data
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NITROGEN
Stability Indicator: YES
iaterials to Avoid:
JfR
Stability Condition to Avoid:
lONE STATED
lazardous Decomposition Products:
N/R
"lazardous Polymerization Indicator: NO
'onditions to Avoid Polymerization:
N/R
" Section 11-Toxicological Information
NITROGEN
oxicological Information:
N/P
~
Section 12 - Ecological Information
NITROGEN
cological Information:
n./P
Section 13 - Disposal Considerations
NITROGEN
/aste Disposal Methods:
_ECURE CYLINDER & BLOW DOWN SLOWLY TO THE ATMOSPHERE IN A WELL-VENTILATED AREA OR
OUTDOORS.
Section 14 - MSDS Transport Information
NITROGEN
ransport Information:
N/P
Section 15 - Regulatory Information
NITROGEN
: VRA Title III Information:
iv/P
Federal Regulatory Information:
'P
Mate Regulatory Information:
N/P
Section 16 - Other Information
NITROGEN
^her Information:
N/P
»-oduct Identification: NITROGEN
Transporation ID Number: 60280
HMIS Transportation Information
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responsible Party CAGE: 17688
_)ate MSDS Prepared: 04/01/1984
Date MSDS Reviewed: 07/20/1989
IFN: 07/20/1989
_ ubmitter: D DG
Status Code: C
Container Information
Unit of Issue:
Container Quantity:
Type of Container: CYLINDER
Net Unit Weight:
__rticle without MSDS: N
Technical Entry NOS Shipping Number:
adioactivity:
_orm:
Net Explosive Weight:
oast Guard Ammunition Code:
_ lagnetism: N/P
AF MMAC Code:
~ OD Exemption Number:
imited Quantity Indicator:
Multiple Kit Number: 0
' 'it Indicator: N
it Part Indicator: N
Review Indicator: Y
' dditional Data:
Department of Transportation Information
OT Proper Shipping Name: NITROGEN, COMPRESSED
DOT PSN Code: KLZ
'Symbols:
OT PSN Modifier:
Hazard Class: 2.2
'^N ID Number: UN 1066
OT Packaging Group:
Label: NONFLAMMABLE GAS
^•jecial Provision(s):
ickaging Exception: 306
Non Bulk Packaging: 302
"ulk Packagmg: 314,315
[aximimum Quanity in Passenger Area: 75 KG
Maximimum Quanity in Cargo Area: 150 KG
*^*:ow in Vessel Requirements: A
equirements Water/Sp/Other:
IMO Detail Information
»MO Proper Shipping Name: NITROGEN, COMPRESSED
/IO PSN Code: KSR
IMO PSN Modifier:
IMDG Page Number: 2163
N Number: 1066
CN Hazard Class: 2(2.2)
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MO Packaging Group: -
subsidiary Risk Label: -
EMS Number: 2-04
ledical First Aid Guide Number: NON
lATA Detail Information
lATA Proper Shipping Name: NITROGEN, COMPRESSED
\TA PSN Code: SBP
-_\TA PSN Modifier:
lATA UN Id Number: 1066
\TA UN Class: 2.2
_ ubsidiary Risk Class:
UN Packaging Group:
\TA Label: NON-FLAMMABLE GAS
_ackaging Note for Passengers: 200
Maximum Quantity for Passengers: 75KG
ackaging Note for Cargo: 200
_Iaximum Quantity for Cargo: 150KG
Exceptions:
AFI Detail Information
_FI Proper Shipping Name: NITROGEN, COMPRESSED
AFI Symbols:
FI PSN Code: SBP
FI PSN Modifier:
AFI UN Id Number: UN 1066
* FI Hazard Class: 2.2
FI Packing Group: N/A
AFI Label:
•Special Provisions: P5
ack Pack Reference: A6.3, A6.6
HAZCOM Label Information
"roduct Identification: NITROGEN
AGE: 17688
Assigned Individual: N
'"ompany Name: AIR LIQUIDE AMERICA CORPORATION
ompany PO Box:
Company Street Addressl: 2700 POST OAK DRIVE
'"ompany Street Address2: HOUSTON, TX 77056-8229 US
ealth Emergency Telephone: [phone]
Label Required Indicator: Y
'^ate Label Reviewed: 12/16/1998
:atus Code: C
Manufacturer's Label Number:
i^ate of Label: 12/16/1998
ear Procured: N/K
Organization Code: F
'"hronic Hazard Indicator: N/P
ye Protection Indicator: N/P
Skin Protection Indicator: N/P
Respiratory Protection Indicator: N/P
gnal Word: N/P
Health Hazard:
Contact Hazard:
ire Hazard:
Reactivity Hazard:
.1p://msds.ehs.comell.edu/msds/msdsdod/a28/ml 3612.htm
1. CHEMICAL PRODUCT AND COMPANY IDENTIFICATION
Identification
Product Name: SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE ANHYDROUS
Reference Number AST10055
Date: 28 September 2004
Use of the substance or preparation
Water treatment, Mold Release Agent, Food Ingredient, Cleaning Ingredient
Company/Undertaking Identification
Worldwide Hqts Europe Hqts
ASTARIS LLC ASTARIS S.r.l.
622 Emerson Road - Suite 500 Via Brescia 26
St. Louis, Missouri 63141 20063 Cernusco sul Naviglio Ml
Italy
Emergency telephone
In Europe call [phone]
In USA call CHEMTREC: 1 800 424 9300
In Canada call CANUTEC: 1 613 996 6666
General Infonmation: [phone] (Europe)
[phone] (Worldwide)
2. COMPOSITION/INFORMATION ON INGREDIENTS
Composition
Substance CAS No.
Sodium Trimetaphosphate Anhydrous 7785-84-4
3. HAZARDS IDENTIFICATION
Classification of the substance/orenaration
EC Classification None
Safety Phrase None
Human Health Effects
%w/w EINECSNo.
232-088-3
Risk Phrase
None
Likely Routes of Exposure: Skin contact and inhalation
EYE CONTACT: No more than slightly irritating based on toxicity studies. The dry powder may
cause foreign body irritation in some individuals.
Astaris Material Safety Data Sheet
Material:Sodium Trimetaphosphate Anhydrous Page 2 of 6
Reference No.: AST10055 September 28. 2004
SKIN CONTACT: No more than or slightly irritating based on toxicity studies. Prolonged contact
with the dry powder may cause drying or chapping ofthe skin.
INHALATION: lnhalatk)n of the dust may cause coughing and sneezing.
INGESTION: Not toxic if swallowed based on toxicity studies. No significant adverse health
effects are expected if only small amounts (less than a mouthful) are swallowed.
Refer to Section 11 for toxicological information.
Environmental Effects
This material is not expected to product any significant adverse environmental effects when
recommended use instructions are followed.
4. FIRST AID MEASURES
General
Treatment is symptomatic and supportive.
Eve contact
Immediate first aid is not likely to be required. However, this material can be removed with water.
Remove material from eyes, skin and clothing. Wash heavily contaminated clothing before
reuse.
Skin contact
Immediate first aid is not likely to be required. However, this material can be removed with water.
Remove material from eyes, skin and clothing. Wash heavily contaminated clothing before
reuse.
Inhalation
Immediate first aid is not likely to be required. However, if symptoms occur, remove to fresh air.
Ingestion
Immediate first aid is not likely to be required. A physician or Poison Control Center can be
contacted for advice.
5. FIRE FIGHTING MEASURES
Extinguishing media
Non-combustible
No special requirement.
To extinguish fire use water spray, dry chemical, carbon dioxide, or appropriate foam
Unsuitable extinguishable media
Non-combustible
No special requirement.
Exposure hazards
No special considerations.
Protective eguipment
As a general precaution, firefighters and others exposed, wear self-contained breathing
Astaris Material Safety Data Sheet
Material:Sodium Trimetaphosphate Anhydrous Page 3 of 6
Reference No.: AST10055 September 28. 2004
apparatus.
6. ACCIDENTAL RELEASE MEASURES
Personal precautions
Avoid unnecessary exposure and remove all material from eyes, skin and clothing.
Environmental precautions
Small quantities: See below
Large quantities: See below
Method for cleaning up
In case of spill, sweep, scoop or vacuum and remove. Flush residual spill area with water.
7. HANDLING AND STORAGE
Handling:
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practices. These practices include
avoiding unnecessary exposure and removal of material from eyes, skin, and clothing.
Engineering measures
Provide natural or mechanical ventilation to minimize exposure. The use of local mechanical
exhaust ventilation is preferred at sources of air contamination such as open process equipment.
Consult National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) Standard 91 for design of exhaust systems.
Storage
Store in cool, dry place to maintain product performance. Product is very hygroscopic and should
be stored in a dry area in poly or vapor barrier bags to prevent moisture pk:kup and caking.
8. EXPOSURE CONTROLS/PERSONAL PROTECTION
Occupational Exposure limit
ACGIH TLV 10 mg/m3 (inhalable) 8-hr TWA, 3 mg/m3 (respirable) 8-hr TWA
OSHA PEL 15 mg/m3 (tolal dust) 8-hr TWA, 5 mg/m3 (respirable) 8-hr TWA
OSHA and ACGIH have not established specific exposure limits for this material. However,
OSHA and ACGIH have established limits for particulates not otherwise regulated (PNOR) and
particulates not othenvise classified (PNOC) which are the least stringent exposure limits
applicable to dusts.
Components referred to herein may be regulated by specific Canadian provincial legislation.
Please refer to exposure limits legislated for the province in which the substance will be used
Respiratory protection
Avoid breathing dust. Use NIOSH/MSHA approved respiratory protection equipment when
airborne exposure limits are exceeded. Consult the respirator manufacturer to determine
appropriate type equipment for a given application. Observe respirator use limitations specified
by NIOSH/MSHA or the manufacturer. Respiratory protection programs must comply with 29
C.F.R. 1910.134 and or European Standard EN149.
Hand/Skin protection
Although this product does not present a significant skin concern, minimize skin contamination by
following good industrial practice. Wearing protective gloves is recommended. Wash hands and
Astaris Material Safety Data Sheet
MateriaLSodium Trimetaphosphate Anhydrous Page 4 of 6
Reference No.: AST10055 September 28. 2004
contaminated skin thoroughly after handling.
Eye protection
This product does not cause significant eye irritation or eye toxicity requiring special protection.
Use good industrial practice to avoid eye contact.
9. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
General Infonnation
Chemical Formula: Na3(P03)3
Form: Fine, crystalline powder
Color: White
Odor: Odoriess
Important health, safetv and environmental information
pH: 6.0 - 8.0 (as a 1% solution @ 25 degrees C)
Melting Point: Begins to melt incongruently at 420 degrees C; completely
melted 625 degrees C
Bulk Density: 64 - 70 (Ibs./cu. ft.)
Solubility in Water: 20 (g/1 OOg H20) @ 25 degrees C
NOTE: These physical data are typical values based on material tested but may vary from
sample to sample. Typical values should not be construed as a guaranteed analysis of any
specific lot or as specifications for the product.
10. STABILITY AND REACTIVITY
Product is stable under normal conditions of storage and handling.
Conditions to avoid
None known.
Materials to avoid
None known.
Hazardous decomposition
None known.
11. TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Laboratory data
The dry powder may cause foreign body irritation in some individuals. Prolonged contact with the
dry powder may cause drying or chapping of the skin. Excessive inhalatton of dust may be
annoying and can mechanically impede respiration.
Data from Astaris single-dose (acute) animal studies with this material are given below:
Oral - rat LD50: > 10,600 mg/kg; practically nontoxic
Eye Irritation - rabbit: 8.3/110.0; slightly irritating
Skin Irritation - rabbit (24-hr exp): 0.0/8.0; practically nonirritating
Rats fed this material in their diet for one month showed decreased growth, increased kidney-to-
body weights and slight kidney changes. Rats fed this material for two years also showed
decreased weight gain, as well as blood changes and increased mortality. No increase in tumors
was reported. No adverse effects in reproductive capacity were reported in a multigeneration
Astaris Material Safety Data Sheet
Material:Sodium Trimetaphosphate Anhydrous Page 5 of 6
Reference No.: AST10055 September 28. 2004
study using rats fed this material.
12. ECOLOGICAL INFORMATION
Environmental toxicitv
Astaris has not conducted environmental toxicity studies with this product.
Environmental fate
Astaris has not conducted biodegradation studies with this product since when dissolved /
hydrolyzed in water it yields completely mineralized materials.
13. DISPOSAL CONSIDERATIONS
European waste catalog number
Unknown
Disposal Considerations
This material when discarded is not a hazardous waste as that tenn is defined by the Resource,
Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA), 40 CFR 261. Dry material may l>e landfilled or recycled
in accordance with local, state and federal regulations. Consult your attorney or appropriate
regulatory officials for information on such disposal.
14. TRANSPORT INFORMATION
The data provided in this section is for information only. Please apply the appropriate regulations
to properly classify your shipment for transportation.
Road/Rail. Sea and Air
IMDG/UN Not regulated.
ICAO/IATA Not regulated.
RID/ADR Not regulated.
Canadian TDG Not regulated.
US DOT Not regulated.
15. REGULATORY INFORMATION
EC Label
Hazard symbol: none
Chemical Inventory
USA TSCA; Listed
Canada DSL: Listed
EC: Listed
Other information
WHMIS Classification: Not controlled.
SARA Hazard Notification
Hazard Categories Under Title III Rules (40 CFR 370): Not applicable
Section 302 Extremely Hazardous Substances: Not applk:able
Section 313 Toxic Chemical(s): Not applk:able
CERCLA Reportable Quantity: Not applicable
Astaris Material Safety Data Sheet
Material:Sodium Trimetaphosphate Anhydrous
Reference No.: AST10055
Page 6 of 6
September 28. 2004
This product has been classified in accordance with the hazard criteria of the Canadian
Controlled Products Regulation and the MSDS contain all the infomiation required by the
Canadian Controlled Products Regulation.
16. OTHER INFORMATION
Suggested NFPA Rafing
Suggested HMIS Rating
Reason for revision: Corrected pH & solubility data.
2003
Drafted in accordance with ECC Dir 2001/58/EC
Health
1
1
Fire
0
0
Reactivity
0
0
Addittonal Infomiation
E
E = safety glasses, gloves, dust
respirator
Supersedes MSDS dated: March 24,
Nutrifos® is a registered trademari( of Astaris LLC
Astaris® is a trademark of Astaris LLC
Although the information and recommendations set forth herein (hereinafter "Information") are
presented in good faith and believed to be conrect as of the date hereof, Astaris LLC makes no
representations as to the completeness or accuracy thereof Infomnatkxi is supplied upon the
condition that the persons receiving same will make their own determination as to its suitability for
their purposes prior to use. In no event will Astaris LLC be responsible fbr damages of any
nature whatsoever resulting from the use of or reliance upon information. NO
REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPUED. OF
MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR OF ANY OTHER
NATURE ARE MADE HEREUNDER WITH RESPECT TO INFORMATION OR THE PRODUCT
TO WHICH INFORMATION REFERS
AST10055.1100.doc
SLAS
J/H ^^ Quality ProdiK
riTVRIS PRODUCT DATA SHEET
Quality Products. Exceptional Respont*.
PRODUCT: Sodium Trimetaphosphate, Anhydrous (STMP)
NSF
GRADE: Technical CODE: 000
GENERAL DESCRIPTION: Anhydrous white powder
FORMULA: (NaP03)3 MOLECULAR WEIGHT: 305.94
CAS NO.: 7785-84-4 DATE EFFECTIVE: Januarv 1. 2004
CHARACTERISTICS SPECIFICATION LIMITS
Assay, % NasPsOg 95.0 Minimum
Loss on Ignition, % 0.5 Maximum
Sizing, USSS:
Retained on 100 Mesh, % 10 Maximum
NOTE: Specification Limits are subject to change from time to time. Please contact us for current data sheet.
Production Location: Carteret, NJ
Packaging: 50 Ib. multiwall bags; super sacks
Labeling Requirements: Product label
Shipping Classification: Sodium Phosphate
Handling Precautions: No precautionary statement required on label.
Handle in accordance with good industrial hygiene and safety practices. These include
avoiding unnecessary exposure and removal of material from eyes, skin, and clothing.
This Product Data Sheet is subject to the terms and conditions on the reverse side hereof.
SODIUM TRIMETAPHOSPHATE, ANHYDROUS (STMP) TECHNICAL POWDER
Sodium trimetaphosphate (STMP) is a salt of a strong base and a strong acid. Chemically, it has no buffering or
sequestering power and, hence, no inherent detergent building properties. However, when reacted with caustic
soda, STMP converts rapidly and completely to sodium tripolyphosphate (STP), which is probably the most
efficient builder known on a cost/performance basis. When caustic potash is used in place of caustic soda a mixed
sodium/potassium salt of tripolyphosphate with enhanced solubility characteristics is formed.
By controlling the conversion conditions, STMP can be used as the source of phosphate in a conventional spray-
drying detergent process. If no spray tower is available, the Astaris LLC, "Batch Fluff Process" can be used for
producing a porous, granular product directly from a detergent slurry based on STMP, thus eliminating the spray
tower operation completely.
Key Properties:
• Low density, high quality granular detergents can be produced without spray drying.
• Both anionic and mixed active detergents with a range of 30-60% STP are possible.
• Product density can be controlled over a range by control of process variables.
• Granulated intermediates can be blended with chlorinated isocyanurates chlorinating compositions to
produce dry bleaches or automatic dishwashing compounds.
• A mixed sodium/potassium tripolyphosphate (SKTP) salt can be prepared that possesses enhanced
solubility over regular sodium tripolyphosphate.
• Shelf-life = 18 months
Applications;
• Consumer and industrial detergents and cleaning products, particularly liquid products which exhibit
enhanced tripolyphosphate solubility.
• Dry bleach bases.
• Phosphate detergent intermediate.
• Potable Water Treatment: Astaris sodium trimetaphosphate confonns to the requirements of
ANSI / NSF Standard 60. Used for corrosion & scale conlrol.
Maximum Use Level = 11 mg/L.
• STMP can be used in preparation of granular detergent compounds utilizing the "Batch Fluff Process."
FOR MORE COMPLETE INFORMATION ON PROPERTIES AND SAFE HANDLING OF THIS MATERIAL,
SEE THE ASTARIS MATERIAL SAFETY DATA SHEET (MSDS).
NOTICE: Although the infonnation and recommendations set forth herein (hereinafter "Information") are
presented in good faith and believed to be correct as ofthe date hereof, Astaris LLC makes no representations or
warranties as to the completeness or accuracy thereof. Information is supplied upon the condition that the persons
receiving same will make their own determination as to its suitability for their purposes prior to use. In no event
will Astaris LLC be responsible for damages ofany nature whatsoever resulting ffom the use ofor reliance upon
Information or the product to which Information refers. Nothing contained herein is to be construed as a
recommendation to use any product, process, equipment or formulation in conflict with any patent, and Astaris LLC
makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, that the use thereof will not infringe any patent. The data
set forth herein are based on samples tested and are not guaranteed for all samples or applications. Such dala are
intended as guides and do not reflect product specifications for any particular product NO REPRESENTATIONS
OR WARRANTIES, EITHER EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, OR MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A
PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR OF ANY OTHER NATURE ARE MADE HEREUNDER WITH RESPECT TO
INFORMATION OR THE PRODUCT TO WHICH INFORMATION REFERS.
ASTARIS LLC © January, 2004
Corporate Offices:
622 Emerson Road
Suite 500
St. Louis, Missouri 63141
314-983-7500
For order assistance, please call our Customer Service Department Toll Free: 1-800-244-6169
KLEINFELDER
APPENDIX C
Abbreviated Sampling and Analysis Plan
Pilot Test for Well B-6
Promontory Facility
Promontory, Utah
Kl KtEINFELDER
INTRODUCTION
1.1 PROJECT BACKGROUND
ATK is a facility that manufactures rocket motors and fuel amongst other items. As a result of
years of processing, waste handling practices have resulted in chemical releases to groundwater.
Beneath a portion of the ATK Promontory facility, the groundwater has become impacted with
perchlorate. The pilot test will explore the viability of in situ perchlorate remediation using
vapor amendment and sparging.
1.2 SCOPE AND PURPOSE
The purpose of the pilot test is to assess if ethyl acetate and nitrogen, when introduced into the
groundwater by sparging, are a suitable vapor amendment (or electron donor) for degrading
perchlorate in situ at the Site. The scope of the pilot test involves drilling a sparge well
approximately 25 feet upgradient of an existing monitoring well, well B-6, to approximately 130
feet bgs. The vapor amendment will be supplied by a simple system where ethyl acetate is mixed
with nitrogen and applied at a desired rate firom pressure in the supply tank. Groundwater
samples will be taken before, during, and after the pilot test amendment injection period to
evaluate the effectiveness ofthe application for degrading perchlorate.
.1.3 LOCATION
As described in the work plan, well B-6 has been chosen as the monitoring well that will be the
down gradient observation point for the sparge well. The concentrations of perchlorate are
relatively high and the well is screened in desirable alluvial deposits with an adequate aquifer
thickness. Results from groundwater samples taken on April 7, 2005 have been attached to this
appendix for reference.
ATK/51278.001/SLC5R031 Page C-l June 22,2005
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc.
KLEINFELDER
1.4 PROJECT ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES
This project is under the direction of the management at ATK. Oversight and pilot system setup
will be performed by Kleinfelder. Mike Zimmerman Well Service will perform sparge well
installation. ATK will provide groundwater sampling services.
ATK/51278.001/SLC5R031 Page C-2 June 22,2005
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc.
KLEINFELDER
2. GROUNDWATER SAMPLING
2.1 SAMPLING PROCEDURE
Well B-6 and possibly well T-l at the ATK - Promontory Facility will be sampled using low-
flow procedures. ATK will perform the groundwater sampling. Groundwater will be purged
from the monitoring well to remove stagnant and stratified groimdwater from the well casing and
so that the collected sample is representative ofthe surrounding aquifer.
2.1.1 Field Measurements
As the monitoring well is purged, field measurements will be monitored for groundwater quality
changes. Samples will not be collected until the field measurement parameters have stabilized.
Instruments will be calibrated to the manufacturer's instructions before taking field
measurements and recorded on the field log. Samples of discharging groundwater shall be
monitored through a flow cell for field measurements of pH, conductivity, TDS, temperature,
ORP, and DO. Measurements shall be recorded on sampling log form. The well shall be purged
until field measurements stabilized ±10%.
2.1.2 Low-Flow Purging
During the pilot test, the top ofthe casing of well B-6 will be sealed to minimize the intrusion of
air into the casing. The well will be purged using low-flow techniques so as not to disturb the
anaerobic conditions surrounding aquifer. ATK will use a low-flow controller to operate the
pump and will purge at a rate approximately between 100 and 5(X) milliliters per minute until
field parameters stabilize ±10% and total drawdown on the initial groundwater level is not
greater than 0.33 feet (0.1 meter).
ATKy51278.001/SLC5R031 Page C-3 June 22,2005
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc.
Kl KLEINFELDER
2.1.3 Sample Collection
After the well has been purged and the field measurements have stabilized, the groundwater shall
be sampled. Sample collection will be conducted using a stabilized flow from the pump during
low-flow purging. New disposable gloves shall be donned before taking the sample to avoid
potential cross-contamination with the purge water.
Although not required for each sampling event in this program, groundwater will be sampled first
for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) when required. The volatile organic analysis (VOA)
vials shall be gently filled from the bottom up and capped without any headspace or bubbles.
Next the sample bottle for the perchlorate analysis shall be taken. The remaining sample bottles
for inorganic, metals, and explosive analyses can be filled in any order.
2.1.4 Sample Frequency and Schedule
Two lists of analytes will be sampled from the down gradient well B-6 and possibly T-l. Pre-
and post- injection samples will be analyzed for the full list, and ongoing monitoring samples
during the pilot test will be analyzed for the partial list. The purpose of the partial list is to
monitor critical indicator analytes that will guide changes to the pilot system injection rates and
mass loading. A tentative schedule has been provided in Table C-l. Generally the lag between
samples will increase over time since more dramatic changes are expected at the startup of the
system.
2.1.5 Sample Transport
After collection of each szimple, the time of coUection shall be recorded in the field log, on the
sample label, and on the chain-of-custody form in indelible ink. The sample bottles will be
chilled with ice in coolers to 4±2 degrees Celsius for shipment to the laboratory. The chain-of-
custody will accompany the samples and shall be signed by the person in possession.
ATK/51278.001/SLC5R031 Page C-4 June 22,2005
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc.
KLEINFELDER
2.2 PRE-INJECTION AND POST-INJECTION SAMPLES
Table C-2 lists the constituents and analytical methods for the full suite of analyses. Samples for
these analyses will be collected before and after the injection period. (Note: A subset or partial
list is shown in Table C-3 for those analyses to be performed on samples during injection
monitoring as described in the next section.) Thiokol Laboratory or Chemtech-Ford shall
perform the analyses. It is recommended that the samples for perchlorate be passed through a 0.2
micron filter at the laboratory as soon as they are received to remove bacteria that could affect the
analyses. A standard tum-around-time will be requested from the laboratories for the fijll
analytical list.
2.3 fNJECTlON PERIOD SAMPLES
To monitor changes in perchlorate concentrations during the pilot test injection, groundwater
samples will be collected from well B-6 and possibly from well T-l. Well T-l may be monitored
as a cross or down gradient well. An expedited tum-around time of 24 hours will be requested
whenever possible from the analytical laboratory on for the partial analytical list including
analyses for perchlorate, nitrate, phosphate, phosphorus, and pH/ORP (Table C-3). This will
allow for rapid response to optimize the remediation system flow rates and vapor amendment
concentrations.
2.4 FIELD PARAMETER MEASUREMENTS
A down-hole logging probe as rented by Kleinfelder will be deployed in well B-6 for continuous
monitoring of pH, temperature, DO, conductivity, and OPR. If ORP values exceed those
necessary to remediate perchlorate, it is possible that metals could be mobilized in a reducing
enviroiunent. Should this condition occur, application rate or concentration of the vapor
amendment would be decreased accordingly. The reducing environment should respond quickly
with metals precipitating immediately down gradient ofthe pilot test area.
ATKy51278.001/SLC5R031 Page C-5 June 22,2005
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc.
KLEINFELDER
2.5 QUALITY CONTROI7QUALITY ASSURANCE
Duplicate and matrix spike/matrix spike duplicate samples shall be taken for approximately ten
percent of the overall number of samples for reproducibility of the laboratory instmments. The
analytical data will be reviewed for quality control and data completeness.
ATK/51278.001/SLC5R031 Page C-6 June 22,2005
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc.
Table C-l
Pre-injection, Post-Injection, and Final Monitoring Events
Schedule for Groundwater Sample CoUection
Pilot Test Work Plan for Perchlorate Remediation
ATK - Promontory Facility
Sample | Date^^^^MBEwrimate Lag
Full List
Pre-injection
Pre-System Adjustment (if needed)
Post-Inj ection
7/22/05
8/24/05
9/23/05
NA
32
30
Partial List
GW Sampling I
GW Sampling 2
GW Sampling 3
GW Sampling 4
GW Sampling 5 (optional)
GW Sampling 6 (optional)
GW Sampling 7 (optional)
7/26/05
8/1/05
8/5/05
8/15/05
8/29/05
9/5/05
9/13/05
3
4
5
10
5
7
8
Note:
GW-groundwter
Time between and number of samples will ultimately depend on field conditions.
Dates and lag times have been adjusted so sampling will occur on working days.
ATK/51278.001/SLC5R03I
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc. Page 1 of 1 June 22, 2005
Table C-2
Pre-injection, Post-Injection, and Final Monitoring Events
Ftdl Analytical List for Groundwater Samples
Pilot Test Work Plan for Perchlorate Remediation
ATK - Promontory FaciUty
Analyte
Chlonde
Nitrite-N
Bromide
Nitrate-N
Sulfate
Chlorate
Sulfide
Chemical Oxygen Demand
Ammonia-N
Phenol
Alkalinity
Fluoride
Phosphate
Phosphorus
I otal Dissolved Solids
Total Suspended Solids
Aluminum (dissolved)
Arsenic (dissolved)
Barium (dissolved)
Cadmium (dissolved)
Calcium (dissolved)
Chromium (dissolved)
Iron (dissolved)
Lead (dissolved)
Magnesium (dissolved)
Mercury (dissolved)
Potassium (dissolved)
Selenium (dissolved)
Silver (dissolved)
Sodium (dissolved)
Zinc (dissolved)
Aluminum
Arsenic
Barium
Cadmium
Calcium
Chromium
Iron
Lead
Magnesium
Mercury
Potassium
Selenium
Silver
Sodium
Zinc
Perchlorate*
Acetone
Acrolein
Acrylonifrile
CASNOT^IHBAM i
7775-09-9
7664-41-7
108-95-2
14265-44-2
7723-14-0
7429-90-5
7440-38-2
7440-39-3
744043-9
7440-70-2
744047-3
7439-89-6
7439-92-1
7439-954
7439-97-6
7440-09-7
778249-2
7440-224
7440-23-5
7440-66-6
7429-90-5
7440-38-2
7440-39-3
744043-9
7440-70-2
744047-3
7439-89-6
7439-92-1
7439.954
7439-97-6
7440-09-7
778249-2
7440-224
7440-23-5
7440-66-6
67-64-1
107-02-8
107-13-1
IC 300.0 Anions
IC 300.0 Anions
IC 300.0 Anions
IC 300.0 Anions
IC 3O0.O Anions
Chlorate by IC
Sulflde 376.1
COD
Ammonia-N
PhenoUcs 9066
Alkalinity W
Fluoride 34(^2 W
300.0
365
TOS 160.1
TCS 160.2
6010B Metals W
6010B Metals"W
6010B Metals'W
fiOlOBMetals'W
6010BMetals"W
6010B Metals W
6010B Metals'W
6010B Metals'W
6010B Metals'W
7470A •
6010B Metals W
6010B Metals'W
6010B Metals'W
6010B Metals W
6010B Metals W
6010B Metals'W
6010B Metals'W
6010B Metals'W
6010B Metals W
6010B Metals W
6010B Metals W
6010B Metals W
6010B Metals W
60I6B Metals W
7470A '
6010B Metals W
MIOB Metals'W
MIOB Metals'W
6010B Metals'W
MIOB Metals'W
Perchlorate 3T4
8260B1X W
8260BLX W
8260B IX'W
ATK/51278.001/SLC5R031
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc. Page 1 of 3 June 22, 2005
Table C-2
Pre-injection, Post-Injection, and Final Monitoring Events
Full Analytical List for Groundwater Samples
Pilot Test Work Plan for Perchlorate Remediation
ATK - Promontory Facility
Analyte
Allyl Chloride [lyl
Bi
CAS No.
107-05-1 BRTOKV"
71-43-2 8260B1X'W
8260B1X'W enzene Bromobenzene
Bromochloromethane
108-86-i
74-97-5 8260B DTW
Bromodichloromethane
Bromoform
75-27-4 82MB IX'W
8260B IX'W 75-25-2
74-83-9 Bromomethane
1-Butanol
8260B IX'W
71-36-3 8260B IX'W
82«)B1X'W 2-Butanone
sec-Butylbenzene'
78-93-3
135-98-8 8260B1X'W
tert-Butylbenzene 98-06-6 8260B1X"W
8260BIX^ Carbon Disul tide
Carbon letrachloride
75-15-0
56-23-5 8260B IX'W
Chlorobenzene
Chloroethane
108-90-7 8260B IX'W
8260B IX'W 75-00-3
110-75-8 2-Chloroethylvinyl Ether 8260BIX'W
Chloroform
Chloromethane
67-66-3 8260B IX'W
8260B IX'W 74-87-3
126-99-8 Chloroprene (2-Chloro-1,3-Butadiene7
2-Chlorotoluene
8260B IX'W
9549-8 8260B IX'W
8260B IX'W 4-Chlorotoluene
Cyclohexanone
106-434
108-94-1 8260BIX'W
1,2-Dibromo-3-Chloropropan~
Dibromochlorometnane
96-12-8 8260B1X'W
8260BIX'W 12448-1
106-934 1,2-Dibromoethane~
Dibromomethane
8260B1X'W
74-95-3 8260BIX'>^
8260B1X'W 1,2-Dichlorobenzeiie"
1,3-Dichlorobenzene
95-50-1
541-73-1 8260BIX'W
1,4-Dichlorobenzene
1,1 -Dichloroethane
10646-7 8260B1X"W
8260B IX'W 75-34-3
107-06-2 1,2-Dichloroethatie"
1,1 -Dichloroethene
82A0B1X W
75-354 8260B IX'W
8260B IX'W cis-1,2-Dichloroethene 156-594
75-71-8 Dichlorodifluoromethane
1,2-Dichloropropane
8260B1X'W
78-87-5 8260B IX'W
8260BIX^ 1,3-DichToropropane
2,2-Dichloropropane"
142-28-9
590-20-7 8260B LXW
1,1 -Dichloropropene" 563-58-6 8260B1X"W
8260BIX'W CIS-1,3-Dichloropropene
trans-1,3-Dichloropropene
10061-01-5
10061-02-6 8260B1X"W
Ethyl Acetate 141-78-6 8260BIX'W
8260BIX'W Ethylbenzene
Ethyl Ether"^
100-41-4
60-29-7 8260BIX"W
Ethyl Methacrylate" 97-63-2 8260B IX'W
8260BIX'W
8260B IX'W
1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2- Iritluoroethane
Hexachlorobutadiene
76-13-1
87-68-3
2-Hexanone 591-78-6 8260BIX'W
8260B IX'W Isopropyl Alcohol
Isopropylbenzene
67-63-0
98-82-8 8260B IX'W m 4-Methyl-2-Pentanone 108-10-1 82601i IX W
ATK/51278.001/SLC5R031
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc. Page 2 of 3 June 22, 2005
Table C-2
Pre-Injection, Post-Injection, and Final Monitoring Events
Full Analytical List for Groundwater Samples
Pilot Test Work Plan for Perchlorate Remediation
ATK - Promontory Facility
Analyte
2-Methyl-1 -Propanor(Isobutyl AlcoholJ
2-Nitropropane
CAS No.
78-83-1
7946-9 82WJB IX'W itropropa
99-87-6
126-98-7
8260B IX'W
8260BIX'W
l-Isopropyltolue
Methacrylonitril luene
Methyl Iodide
Methyl Methacrylate
74-884 82WBIX'W
80-62-6
75-09-2
82WBIX W
8260BIX'W Methylene Chloride
N-Butylbenzene 104-51-8 8260B LX~W
-WP -Propylbi
Naphtha
103-65-1
91-20-3
8260BIX'W
82fflBIX'W enzene
alene Propionitrile
Pyridine
107-12-0 8240B IX'W
110-86-1
10042-5
8260BIX'W
82«0B IX'W Styrene
trans-1,2-Dichloroethene 156-60-5 8260B DC W
trans-l,4-Dichloro-2-Butene
Toluene
110-57-6
108-88-3
8260BIX:
8260B IX'W
8260B IX'W
w^
1,1,1,2- letrachloroethane
1,1,2,2- fetrachloroethane
630-20-6
79-34-5
127-184
8260B IX'W
82«0B IX'W Tetrachloroethene
1,2,3-1 richlorobenzene 87-61-6 8260B IX'W
1,2,4-Trichlorobenzene
1,1,2-Trichloroethane
120-82-1
79-00-5
8260B IX'W
8260B IX'W
Trichloroethene
1,1,1 - rrichloroethane
79-01-6 8260BIX'W
71-55-6
75-694
8260B IX'W
8260B IX'W Trichlorofluoromethane
1,2,3-Trichloropropane 96-184 8260B IX'W opr
1,2,4-1 rimethylpenzene
1,3,5-1 rimethylbenzene
95-63-6
108-67-8
8260B1X"W
8260B IX'W
Vinyl Acetate
Vinyl Chloride'
108-054 8260B IX'W
75-014
1330-20-7
8260B IX'W
8260B IX'W m,p-Xyli
o-Xyle 9547-6 8260B 1X"W ene
Note:
*Laboratory to filter sample with 0.2 um
/ -ia filitr l:-:o-c^: f '. CK
ATKy5l278.00l/SLC5R03l
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc. Page 3 of 3 June 22, 2005
Table C-3
Injection Period and Post Injection Monitoring Period
Partial Analytical List for Groundwater Samples
Pilot Test Work Plan for Perchlorate Remediation
ATK - Promontory Facility
Analyte
Nitrate-N
Perchlorate*
pH/ORP**
Phosphoms (total)
Phosphate
Mel^^B:-
IC 300.0 Anions
Perchlorate 314 (IC) W
300.0
365 (IC)
Note:
•Laboratory to filter sample with 0.2 um
**For field confirmation
ATK/51278.001/SLC5R031
Copyright 2005 Kleinfelder, Inc. Page 1 of 1 June 22, 2005
CERTIFICATE OF ANALYSIS
Listing of Sample Information and Testing Requested
Monday, May 16, 2005
TESTED FOR: ATK Thiokol: DLV
Environmental Monitoring
MS 301
Thiokol Corp, UT 84322
ANALYZED BY: ATK Thiokol Propulsion
Environmental Laboratory
P.O. Box 707, M/S 245
Brigham City, UT
84302-0707
435-863-3732
435-863-8080
Contact Name:
Project:
Sample Delivery Group:
John Holladay
Ground Water Testing - DLV
0504008
Page 1 of 10
Sample Delivery Group: 0504008
Sample No. Client No.
Test Requested Sample Description
EPA 300.0
EPA 314.0
Anion Anatysis by IC
Perctilorate - Ion Chromatography
Received Collect Date/Time
Matrix
0504008-01
EPA 160.1
EPA 160.2
EPA 300.0
EPA 300.0
EPA 310.1
EPA 314.0
EPA 340 2
EPA 350.1
EPA 350.1
EPA 376.1
EPA 410.4
1805158-
SW 846, 9066
SW-846, 601 OB (Waler)
SW-846, 8260B (Waler)
0504008-02 1805158-
SW-846, 601 OB (Waler)
0504008-03 1S05158-
1871
Total Dissolved Solids Analysis
Total Susperxjed Solids Analysis
Chlorate by IC
Anion Analysis by IC
Alkalinity Analysis
Perchlorate - lon Chromatography
Fluoride/Ion Selective Electrode
Ammonia Distillation
Ammonia Analysis
Dislillalion/Titrimetric
COD Analysis
Phenol (Distillation/Autoanalyzer)
Metals Analysis by ICP - 6010
Volatile Organics Appendix 9
1871 (Total Meials - Unfiltered)
1172
Metals Analysis by ICP - 6010
04rt)7A)5 4/7/2005 11:05:04
Water
Water
Waler
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Water
Wafer
Water
Water
04/07/05 4/7/2005 11:05:54
Waler
04/07/05 4/7/2005 12:55:54
Water
Water
••^-
0 40 q^«'^ £_7
^A<K\-\^^
/-/\!b/\ lc
\^^ c
Page 2 of 10
Sample Delivery Group: 0504008
Sample No. Client No.
Test Requested
0504008-03 1S05158 - 1172
Sample Description
Received Collect Date/Time
Matrix
0*07/05 4/7/2005 12:55:54
SW-846. 8260B (Water) Volatile Organics Appendix 9 Water
Certified By: v^"^^"^-^" Hf.MrS'. tpt^
W. Scott Fraser, Quality Assurance Officer
05/16/2005
Date
This certifies that the following samples were analyzed using good laboratory practices to show the following results:
Page 3 of 10
Listing of Results by Sampie
Sample Delivery Group: 0504008
Client Sample ID: 1S05158 -1871 ,p. ,
Sample Description: ATK-DLV - Promontory Well B-6
Laboratory Sample ID: 0504008-01
Date Sampled: 04/07/05 11:05
CAS Numt)er
! tMtUetiiod:
Teit Method:
Teat Method:
7775-09-9
Test ilMhod:
; Test Hfethod:
i Ttat tieOiod:
; TestUetliod:
Test Method:
TestMeOtod:
7664-41-7
! test MeOiod:
] Test Method:
Test Method:
108-95-2
Test Method:
7429-90-5
7440-38-2
7440-39-3
7440-43-9
7440-70-2
7440-47-3
7439-89-6
7439-92-1
7439-95-4
7440-09-7
7782-49-2
7440-22-4
7440-23-5
7440-66-6
Test Parameter Resutt Units
El'AieO.I Total Dissotved Solids/^alysis
TOTAL DISSOLVED SOLIDS 4180 mgrt.
EPA 160.2 Tolal Suspended Solids Analysis
TOTAL SUSPENDED SOLIDS
EPA 300.0
CHLORATE
EPA 300.0
CHLORIDE
NITRITE-N
BROMIDE
NITRATE-N
SULFATE
EPA3ld.i
Chlorate by IC
Anion Analysis by IC
28.0 mg/L
U mg/L
2080.
U
7.1
4.9
196.
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
AJkalinity Analysis
ALKALINITY
EPA3U0
PERCHLORATE
EPA 340.2
FLUORIDE
EPA 350.1
AMMONIA DISTILLATION
267. mg/L
Perchlorate - lon Chromatography
42400
Fluoiide/lon Selective Electrode
2.2
Ammonia Distillation
2/2005 12:00
ug/L
mg/L
Ammonia Analysis
Distillation/Titrimetric
EPA 350.1
AMMONIA-N
EPA 376.1
SULFIDE
EPA 410.4 COD Analysis
CHEMICAL OXYGEN DEMAND
0.14 J mg/L
U mg/L
21. J mg/L
SWS46,9066
PHENOL
SW.t46, 6010B (Water)
ALUMINUM
ARSENIC
BARIUM
CADMIUM
CALCIUM
CHROMIUM
IRON
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
POTASSIUM
SELENIUM
SILVER
SODIUM
ZINC
Phenol (DIstillalion/AutoarMityzer)
U
Metals Analysis by ICP - 6010
mg/L
Dilution
MDL EQL Factor Analyst Test Date
19.8
3.2
40
0.5
4.8
0.1
04
0.1
3
500
0.01
2000
0 03
500
0.03
0.68
10
0.009
0.15
30
0.03
PCI
PCI
JJH
CS
KEN
KEN
PCI
PCI
KEN
04/11/05
4
2
20
1
2
1
15
1
10
200
10
10
10
100
PCI
JJH
JJH
JJH
JJH
JJH
JJH
04/11/05
04/13/05
04/13/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/20/05
04/14/05
04/27/05
04/12/05
04/15/05
04/12/05
04/19/05
12 2 J
55.4 J
81.6
U
164000
177
1060
U
53100
45800
U
U
1300000
29. J
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ugA.
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
10
20
2
1
ISOO
10
20
20
10
100
30
1
15000
10
50
100
10
5
7500
SO
100
100
SO
SOO
ISO
5
75000
50
50
50
1
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
05/11/05
05/11/05
05/11/05
05/11/05
05/09/05
05/11/05
05/11/05
05/11/05
05/11/05
05/11/05
.05/11/05
05/11/05
05/09/05
05/11/115
Page 4 of 10
Listing of Results by Sannple
Sample Delivery Group: 0504008
Client Sample ID: 1S05158 -1871
Sample Description: ATK-DLV - Promontory WeU B-6
Laboratory Sample ID: 0504008-01
Date Sampled: 04/07/05 11:05
CAS Number
test Metiiod:
87-64-1
107-02-8
107-13-1
107-05-1
71-43-2
108-86-1
74-97-5
75-27-4
75-25-2
74-83-9
71-36-3
78-93-3
135-98-8
98-06-6
75-15-0
56-23-5
108-90-7
75-00-3
110-75-8
67-66-3
74-87-3
126-99.8
95-49-8
106-43-4
108-94-1
96-12-8
124-48-1
106-93-4
74-95-3
95-50-1
541-73-1
106-46-7
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-35-4
156-59-4
75-71-8
78-87-5
142-28-9
590-20-7
563-58-6
10061-01-5
10061-02-6
141-78-6
100-41-4
60-29-7
97-63-2
76-13-1
87-68-3
591-78-6
67-63-0
Twt Par?in?t9r RWMH
SiV^B<6, 82608 (VVafwJ Volatile Organics Appendi)r9
ACETONE
ACROLEIN
ACRYLONITRILE
ALLYL CHLORIDE
BENZENE
BROMOBENZENE
BROMOCHLOROMETHAN E
BROMODICHLOROMETHANE
BROMOFORM
BROMOMETHANE
1-BUTANOL
2-BUTANONE
SEC-BUTYLBENZENE
TERT-BUTYLBENZENE
CARBON DISULFIDE
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
CHLOROBENZENE
CHLOROETHANE
2-CHLOROETHYLVINYL ETHER
CHLOROFORM
CHLOROMETHANE
CHLOROPRENE (2-CHLORO-1.3-BUTADIE
2-CHLOROTOLUENE
4-CHLOROTOLUENE
CYCLOHEXANONE
1,2-DieROMO-3-CHLOROPROPANE
DIBROMOCHLOROMETH/^E
1,2-DIBROMOETHANE
DIBROMOMETHANE
1,2-DICHLOROBEN2ENE
1,3-DICHLOROBENZENE
1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE
1,1-DICHLOROETHANE
1,2-DICHLOROETHANE
1,1-DICHLOROETHENE
CIS-1,2-DICHLOROETHENE
DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE
1,2-DICHLOROPROPANE
1,3-DICHLOROPROPANE
2,2-DICHLOROPROPANE
1,1-DICHLOROPROPENE
CIS-1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE
TRANS-1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE
ETHYL ACETATE
ETHYLBENZENE
ETHYL ETHER
ETHYL METHACRYLATE
1.1.2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHAI
HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE
2-HEXANONE
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
U
U
U
U
0.5 J
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
20.3
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
7.2 J
1.3J
75.5
32.0
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
yniti
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
liQL
30
4.65
16
0.5
0.22
0.37
0.31
0.19
0.42
0.57
5.2
1.11
0.16
0.2
0.13
0.27
0.16
0.35
1.71
03
0.81
0.9
0.24
0.15
1.56
0.35
0.18
0.15
0.25
5.86
5.62
5.88
0.49
0.29
0.16
0.16
0.66
0.16
0.24
0.9
0.17
0.4
0.18
0.63
0.16
0.2
0.19
1
0.9
07
3
Diiul
EQL Eac
100 1
10 1
50 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
s
10
s
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
6.3
5
2
10
10
10
10
30
Ion
tor Analyst
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
t LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
Test Date
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
Page 5 of 10
Listing of Results by Sampie
Sample Delivery Group: 0504008
Client Sample ID: 1805158 -1871
Sample Description: ATK-DLV - Promontory Well B-6
Laboratory Sample ID: 0504008-01
Date Sampled: 04/07/05 11 05
Dilution CAS Number
restitfeefiod:
98-82-8
108-10-1
78-83-1
79-46-9
99-87-6
126-98-7
74-88-4
80-62-6
75-09-2
104-51-8
103-65-1
91-20-3
107-12-0
110-86-1
100-42-5
156-60-5
110-57-6
108-88-3
630-20-6
79-34-5
127-18-4
87-61-6
120-82-1
79-00-5
79-01-6
71-55-6
75-69-4
96-18-4
95-63-6
108-67-8
108-05-4
75-01-4
1330-20-7
95-47-6
460-00-4
1868-53-7
17060-07-0
2037-26-5
Test Parameter
SW-84S,i2S6B(Wlterf VolaMe Organics Ap
ISOPROPYLBENZENE
4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE
2-METHYL-1-PROPANOL (ISOBUTYL ALCC
2-NITROPROPANE
4-ISOPROPYLTOLUENE
METHACRYLONITRILE
METHYL IODIDE
METHYL METHACRYLATE
METHYLENE CHLORIDE
N-BUTYLBENZENE
N-PROPYLBENZENE
NAPHTHALENE
PROPIONITRILE
PYRIDINE
STYRENE
TRANS-1.2-DICHLOROETHENE
TRANS-1,4-DICHLORO-2-BUTENE
TOLUENE
1,1,1.2-TETRACHLOROETHANE
1.1.2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE
TETRACHLOROETHENE
1,2,3-TRICHLOROBENZENE
1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE
1,1,2-TRICHLOROETHANE
TRICHLOROETHENE
1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE
1.2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE
1.2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE
1,3.5-TRIMETHYLBENZENE
VINYL ACETATE
VINYL CHLORIDE
m.p-XYLENE
O-XYLENE
BROMOFLUOROBENZENE
DIBROMOFLUOROMETHANE
1.2-DICHLOROETHANE-D4
TOLUENE-D8
Pwwit
pendix9
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
1.4 J
u
05 J
U
u
u
U
U
1.2 J
2070
202
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
0.2 J
97.3
93.1
933
98.4
Vntts
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
%
%
%
%
MDL
O.SS
0.53
5.33
0.99
0.24
0.39
0.21
0.49
0.77
0.3
O.IS
4
0.39
25
0.17
0.34
0.6S
0.21
0.25
0.85
0.28
0.23
4.37
0.2S
0.71
0.16
0.25
0.33
0.19
0.29
0.13
0.3
1.6
0.18
EQL F9C1
_ .
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
5 1
5 1
S 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10
5 1
250 1
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
tar Analyst
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
TOTtDat?
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
Client Sampie ID: 1S05158 -1871 (Total Metals - Unfiltered)
Sample Description: ATK-DLV - Promontory Well B-6
Laboratory Sample ID: 0504008-02
Date Sampled: 04/07/05 11 05
Dilution
CAS Numlier
Test Method;
7429-90-5
7440-38-2
7440-39-3
7440-43-9
7440-70-2
Test Parameter
SW44e, SOf 08 (Watei)
ALUMINUM
ARSENIC
BARIUM
C/VDMIUM
CALCIUM
Metals Analysis by ICP
Result
- 60l0
491
62. J
84.1
U
169000
Units
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
MQL
10
20
2
1
ISOO
EQL
.._..
so
100
10
5
7500
Factor
1
1
1
1
50
Analyst
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
Test Date
Page 6 of 10
05/11/05
05/11/05
05/11/05
05/11/05
05/09/05
Listing of Results by Sample
Sample Delivery Group: 0504008
^^im
Client Sampie ID: 1805158 -1871 (Total Metals - Unfiltered)
Sampie Description: ATK-DLV - Promontory Well B-6
Lalioratory Sampie ID: 0504008-02
Oate Sampled: 04/07/05 11 05
CAS Number
' rest Method:
7440-47-3
7439-89-6
7439-92-1
7439-95-4
7440-09-7
7782-49-2
7440-22-4
7440-23-5
7440-66-6
Test Parameter
SW-146,60108 (Water)
CHROMIUM
IRON
LEAD
MAGNESIUM
POTASSIUM
SELENIUM
SILVER
SODIUM
ZINC
Metals Analysis by ICP - 6010
Result
-6010
472
1910
U
54000
46900
U
U
1330000
24. J
Units
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
MDL
10
20
20
10
100
30
1
15000
10
EQL
so
100
100
50
500
150
5
7SO0O
SO
Dilution
Factor
50
1
Analyst
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
JMA
Test Date
05/11/05
05/11/05
05/11/05
05/11/05
05/11/05
05/11/05
05/11/05
05/09/05
05/11/05
Client Sample ID: 1805158-1172 £-"7
Sample Description: ATK-DLV - Promontory Well
Laboratory Sample ID: 0504008-03
Date Sampled: 04/07/05 12:55
Dilution
CAS Number
Test Method:
Test Method:
Teat Melhod:
67-64-1
107-02-8
107-13-1
107-05-1
71-43-2
108-86-1
74-97-5
75-27-4
75-25-2
74-83-9
71-36-3
78-93-3
135-98-8
98-06-6
75-15-0
56-23-5
108-90-7
75-00-3
110-75-8
67-66-3
74-87-3
126-99-8
95-49-8
106-43-4
108-94-1
Test Parameter
EPA 3O0.0
CHLORIDE
NITRITE-N
BROMIDE
NITRATE-N
SULFATE
EPA 314.0
PERCHLORATE
SW-t46.12608 (Water)
ACETONE
ACROLEIN
ACRYLONITRILE
ALLYL CHLORIDE
BENZENE
BROMOBENZENE
Anion Analysis by IC
Result
1930.
U
38
4.8
183.
Perchlorate - lon Chromatography
40200
Volatile Organics Appendix 9
BROMOCHLOROMETHANE
BROMODICHLOROMETHANE
BROMOFORM
BROMOMETHANE
1-BUTANOL
2-BUTANONE
SEC-BUTYLBENZENE
TERT-BUTYLBENZENE
CARBON DISULFIDE
CARBON TETRACHLORIDE
CHLOROBENZENE
CHLOROETHANE
2-CHLOROETHYLVINYL ETHER
CHLOROFORM
CHLOROMETHANE
CHLOROPRENE (2-CHLORO-1,3-BUTADIE
2-CHLOROTOLUENE
4-CHLOROTOLUENE
CYCLOHEXANONE
U
U
U
U
0.5 J
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
21.3
U
U
U
U
U
Units
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
mg/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ugA.
ugA.
ugrt.
ug/L
ug/L
ugA.
ugA.
ugA-
ugA.
ug/L
ugA.
MPL
2.4
0.1
04
0.1
3
500
30 -
4.65
16
0.5
0.22
0.37
0.31
0.19
0.42
0.57
5.2
1.11
0.16
0.2
0.13
0.27
0.16
0.35
1.71
0.3
0.81
0.9
0.24
0.15
1.56
EQL
10
1
2
1
15
2000
100
10
50
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
Factor
100
10
10
10
100
500
Analyst
JJH
JJH
JJH
JJH
JJH
JJH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
Test Date
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/14/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
Page 7 of 10
Listing of Results by Sample
Sample Delivery Group: 0504008
Client Sample ID: 1805158-1172 --- ^
Sample Description: ATK-DLV - Promontory Well J|f
Laboratory Sample ID: 0504008-03
Oate Sampled: 04/07/05 12:55
Dilution
CA? Number
Test Method:
96-12-8
124-48-1
106-93-4
74-95-3
95-50-1
541-73-1
106-46-7
75-34-3
107-06-2
75-35-4
156-59-4
75-71-8
78-87-5
142-28-9
590-20-7
563-58-6
10061-01-5
10061-02-6
141-78-6
100-41-4
60-29-7
97-63-2
76-13-1
87-68-3
591-78-6
67-63-0
98-82-8
108-10-1
78-83-1
79-46-9
99-87-6
126-98-7
74-88-4
80-62-6
75-09-2
104-51-8
103-65-1
91-20-3
107-12-0
110-86-1
100-42-5
156-60-5
110-57-6
108-88-3
630-20-6
79-34-5
127-18-4
87-61-6
120-82-1
79-00-5
79-01-6
TestPar?m«ter Pe?«H
SW-M6, J260B (Water) Volatile Organics Appendix 9
1.2-DIBROMO-3-CHLOROPROPAN E
DIBROMOCHLOROMETHANE
1,2-DIBROMOETHANE
DIBROMOMETHANE
1,2-DICHLOROBENZENE
1,3-DICHLOROBENZENE
1,4-DICHLOROBENZENE
1,1-DICHLOROETHANE
1,2-OICHLOROETH ANE
1,1-DICHLOROETHENE
CIS-1,2-0ICHLOROETHENE
DICHLORODIFLUOROMETHANE
1,2-DlCHLOROPROP/>>NE
1,3-DICHLOROPROPANE
2.2-DICHLOROPROPANE
1,1-DICHLOROPROPENE
ClS-1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE
TRANS-1,3-DICHLOROPROPENE
ETHYL ACETATE
ETHYLBENZENE
ETHYL ETHER
ETHYL METHACRYLATE
1,1,2-TRICHLORO-1,2,2-TRIFLUOROETHAI
HEXACHLOROBUTADIENE
2-HEXANONE
ISOPROPYL ALCOHOL
ISOPROPYLBENZENE
4-METHYL-2-PENTANONE
2-METHYL-1-PROPANOL {ISOBUTYL /U.CC
2-NITROPROPANE
4-ISOPROPYLTOLUENE
METHACRYLONITRILE
METHYL IODIDE
METHYL METHACRYLATE
METHYLENE CHLORIDE
N-BUTYLBENZENE
N-PROPYLBENZENE
NAPHTHALENE
PROPIONITRILE
PYRIDINE
STYRENE
TRANS-1.2-DICHL0R0ETHENE
TRANS-1,4-DICHLORO-2-BUTENE
TOLUENE
1,1,1,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE
1,1,2,2-TETRACHLOROETHANE
TETRACHLOROETHENE
1,2,3-TRICHLOROBENZENE
1,2,4-TRICHLOROBENZENE
1.1,2-TRICHLOROETHANE
TRICHLOROETHENE
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
8.1J
u
181
36.9
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
u
1.1 J
2300
Units
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ug/L
ugA.
ug/L
ugA.
ugA.
ugrt.
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ug/L
ugA.
ug/L
ugA.
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ug/L
ug/L
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ug/L
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ug/L
ugA.
MDL
0.35
0.18
O.IS
0.25
5.86
5.62
5.88
0.49
0.29
0.16
0.18
0.66
0.16
0.24
0.9
0.17
0.4
0.18
0.63
0.16
0.2
0.19
1
0.9
0.7
3
0.58
0.S3
S.33
0.99
0.24
0.39
0.21
0.49
0.77
0.3
0.15
4
039
2S
0.17
0.34
0.6S
0.21
0.25
0.85
028
0.23
4.37
0.25
0.71
EQL Factor Analyst
10 1
5 1
10 1
5 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
5 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
10 1
6.3 1
5 1
2 1
10 1
10
10
10
30
10
10
10
10
10
5
5
S
10
10
10
10
s
250
10
10
10
S
10
10
10
10
10
10
10
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
Test Date
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
Page 8 Of 10
Listing of Results by Sample
Sample Delivery Group: 0504008
Client Sample ID: 1805158 - 1172
Sample Description: ATK-DLV - Promontory Well I
e-7 Laboratory Sample ID: 0504008-03
Oate Sampled: 04/07/05 12:55
CAS Number
Test Method:
71-55-6
75-69-4
96-18-4
95-63-6
108-67-8
108-05-4
75-01-4
133O-20-7
95-47-6
460-00-4
1868-53-7
17060-07-0
2037-26-5
T^st Parameter Result
SW-t48, t2S0B (Water) Volatile Organics Appendix
1,1,1-TRICHLOROETHANE
TRICHLOROFLUOROMETHANE
1,2,3-TRICHLOROPROPANE
1,2,4-TRIMETHYLBENZENE
1,3,5-TRIMETHYLBENZENE
VINYL ACETATE
VINYL CHLORIDE
m.p-XYLENE
O-XYLENE
BROMOFLUOROBENZENE
DIBROMOFLUOROMETHANE
1,2-DICHLOROETHANE-D4
TOLUENE-D8
9
201
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
U
99.6
966
94.0
101
Vnit?
ug/L
ugA.
ug/L
ug/L
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
ugA.
%
%
%
%
Dilution
MDL EQL Factor Analyst Test Date
0.16
0.25
0.33
0.19
0.29
0.13
0.3
1.6
0.18
.
10 1
5 1
10
10
10
10
10
10
5
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
1 LSH
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11rt)5
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
04/11/05
Page 9 OflO
Data Reporting Qualifiers
U Indicates that the analyte was not detected, or the analyte was detected but
was below the MDL.
B This flag is used when an analyte is found in the blank as well as the sample.
Indicates an extimated value. This flag is used either when estimating a concentration
for tentatively identified compounds or when the data indicated the presence of a
compound that meets thd identification criteria but the result is less than the
EQL (e.g. 3 J with an EQL of 10).
MDL Method Detection Limit: The minimum concentration of a substance that can be
confidently measured and reported. The laboratory has demonstrated that the
MDL can be achieved in a laboratory reagent blank, but does not guarantee it
can be achieved in all sample matrices.
EQL Estimated Quantitation Limit: The EQL generally is Sto 10 times the MDL. For
many analytes the EQL is selected as the value ofthe towest standard in the
calibration curve.
Dilution Dilution Factor: The prepared sample was diluted by this factor because the
Factor sample was too concentrated or due to other interferences in the sample matrix.
Any dilution factor causes a corresponding increase in the MDL and EQL.
Page 10 of 10
ATK Thiokol, Inc.
Environmental Laboratory
0S0^^t>2>
Clianl Name
Carrier:.
Sample Receipt Checldist
O Hand delivered, no cooler Q Hand delivered, sample<s) taken oul at receiving counter
SDG No t/;>i/fu'iyv
ffA
0 counter
ODamaged toxplain)
Seal Number
Othar:
Cooler Information:
Cooler Number/IO: gf<^ i lJk,^c
Condition of SNpping Container:
Cooler Sealed (taped).
Cusiody Seals Present
Coolant:
State ol Coolant:
J^Sood
QYes
QYes
Qlntact
(frozen
QFair
flt*o
QBroken
OBlue Ice CX4one
i3Pariially Frozen
QNot/AppUcable
ONot Applicable
QNot Applicable
QMelted
Thermometer ID: HfSI'St Vf Reading: I */ -C CF: Corrected Temp;.
Pac.ngD.sc.ip.on: /"^^ ^. A -T^^ ^.> fJ
JC Tonp Blai* Included. QYes QNo
CluhvOf-Custody Information
COC Present: - ^
COC Numbef(sl: ^ ft
AYes
COC signed (relinquished and rece«ved): ^es
COC agrees with sample labels: ^es
QNo
QNo
QNo
Notes:.
Other.
ONol Applicabie
ONot Applicable
Sample Infonnation:
Samples included in cooler: <^Sc?Ye?c?^
Custody Seals Present:
Sample conlainers intact:
Samples in proper conlainers:
Suffident sample volume:
Al samples received in hold time:
QYes
anlact
,«n'es
*?es
J*yes
.SYes
Water - VGA's have zero headspace:
j^e-presen^ed with HCl:
Notes:
1^0 Othor.
QBroken Seal Numberfs).
QNo Notes:
CHa
QNo
QNo ^___
^es ar4o QNot Applicable
QPre-preserved with Na^SiO.: 04on-Presen/ed:
Water-pH acceptable upon receipt: J^es QAdjusted (see comments below) QNot Applicable
HNO, - ^ t' H,SO, = ^ Z NaOH . -^ ^^ ZnAC /NaOH . T' i'^ _HCL = .
Water - pH ad|usted: (mfg & Lot No.)
HNO, HjSO,
NajSOjO, Other.
Notes
-NaOH. _ZnAC. HCl
^i9f(^j^c^ ~)*^eUf ^euc^aU. vo»^ a.cttff/i^^ Sff». ^f-C. /*A-c yc e*t u-^^ /^•
?A«»y/"<; U/a,f /*, li^t^^J ^^«- ,r^^uj.f / a-T Ctr,'< /Su-e^. 4 .
ATK ATK Thiokol, Inc.
P.O. BOX 98, MAGNA, UTAH 84404
4/6/2005
GENERAL INFORMATION
LAB: ATK
ORDER No: 984PLS33H««'^lv
PROJECTNO: 98BP-3
COLLECTED BY: Chris Busch
COLLECTION LOCATION: Promontory Well B-6
MATERIAL SAMPLED: Groundwater
CONTACT: Chris Busch
TEL: [phone]
FAX: [phone]
SAMPLE INFORMATION
Note:
Page 1 of 2
I I I I
CHAIN OF CUSTODY
RELINQUISHED BY
^<U /^ A
RECEIVED BY DATE TIME
y/7/^^ T^W