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Home My WebLink AboutDAQ-2024-0086381 DAQC-607-24 Site ID 10209 (B4) MEMORANDUM TO: STACK TEST FILE – KINDER MORGAN ALTAMONT, LLC – Altamont East Gas Processing Plant THROUGH: Harold Burge, Major Source Compliance Section Manager FROM: Robert Sirrine, Environmental Scientist DATE: June 20, 2024 SUBJECT: Source: Engine CE-5 Location: Altamont, UT Contact: Erin Dunman: (303) 914-7605 Tester: Kinder Morgan Emissions Testing Group, John Willis (713) 420-7827 FRS Site ID #: UT0000004904901300039 Permit #: TV Permit 1300039005 dated June 16, 2022, revised February 20, 2023 Subject: Review of pretest protocol dated June 20, 2024 On June 20, 2024, DAQ received a pretest protocol for testing of engine CE-5 at the Altamont East Gas Processing Plant located in Altamont, UT. Testing will be performed the week of July 29, 2024, to determine compliance with the NOx, VOC, and CO emission limits found in Condition II.B.9.a and 40 CFR Part 60, Subpart JJJJ, Standards of Performance for Stationary Spork Ignition Internal Combustion Engines. PROTOCOL CONDITIONS: 1. RM 1 used to determine sample and velocity traverses: OK 2. RM 2 used to determine stack gas velocity and volumetric flow rate: OK 3. RM 3A used to determine concentration of exhaust oxygen and carbon dioxide: OK 4. RM 4 used to determine moisture content: OK 5. RM 7E used to determine NOx emissions: OK 6. RM 10 used to determine CO emissions: OK 7. ASTM D6348-03 used to quantify gas phase concentrations of VOC emissions: OK 8. RM 19 used to determine exhaust effluent flows and mass emission rates: OK DEVIATIONS: No deviations noted. CONCLUSION: The protocol appears to be acceptable. 2 RECOMMENDATION: Send protocol review and test date confirmation notice. ATTACHMENT: Pretest protocol received June 20, 2024 _________________________________________________________________________________ FedEx 2761 4373 2765 June 20, 2024 Harold Burge, Manager Major Source Compliance Section Utah Division of Air Quality 195 North 1950 West Salt Lake City, UT 84116 Re: Kinder Morgan Altamont LLC Altamont East Compressor Station, Title V Permit 1300039005 Compliance Test Notification and Emission Test Protocol, Engine CE-5 Dear Mr. Burge, As required by Condition II.B.9.a. of Title V Operating Permit 1300039005, Kinder Morgan Altamont LLC is submitting this written notification of a compliance test to be conducted on engine CE-5 at Altamont East Compressor Station to demonstrate compliance with the limits listed in Condition II.B.9.a(1), and emission standards in 40 CFR 60 Subpart JJJJ, Standards of Performance for Stationary Spark Ignition Internal Combustion Engines. The compliance testing will be conducted during the week of July 29, 2024 if agreed upon by the Utah Division of Air Quality. As required by condition II.B.9.a.1(2)(iii) of the Title V Permit, this notice is being provided at least 30 days before the scheduled test date. Attached is an Emission Test Protocol to be used during the emission testing for your review and approval. Please contact me at (303) 914-7605 or via email at Erin_Dunman@KinderMorgan.com if you have any questions regarding this letter. Please contact John Willis at (713) 420-7827 or via email at John_Willis@kindermorgan.com if you have any technical questions related to the attached emission test protocol. Sincerely, Erin Dunman Environmental Engineer Enclosures – Emissions Test Protocol cc: Mechanical Testing File # 24-168 REV 41 04/2024 Emissions Testing Group 1001 Louisiana St., Suite 1000 Houston, TX 77002 Emissions Test Protocol One (1) Waukesha L7044GSI Natural Gas Fired Engine Unit CE-5 Title V Operating Permit Number: 1300039005 Emissions Testing Group File # 24-168 Scheduled Test Date: Week of July 29th, 2024 Kinder Morgan Altamont LLC East Compressor Station Duchesne County, UT Date: June 5, 2024 Prepared for: Utah Department of Environmental Quality – Division of Air Quality (DAQ) Prepared by: John Willis Emissions Testing Group (713) 420-7827 Reviewed by: Johndunn Johnston Emissions Testing Group (713) 420-3350 I REV 41 04/2024 Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS .............................................................................................................................................. I INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................ 1 FACILITY INFORMATION .................................................................................................................................... 3 EMISSIONS GROUP INFORMATION .................................................................................................................. 3 EMISSIONS SAMPLING PROCESS ...................................................................................................................... 4 PROCESS DESCRIPTION ....................................................................................................................................... 4 EMISSIONS TEST VEHICLE.................................................................................................................................. 4 SAMPLING SYSTEM............................................................................................................................................... 4 GENERAL TESTING PROCEDURE ...................................................................................................................... 6 EPA REFERENCE AND ASTM METHODS ........................................................................................................ 6 METHOD 1 ............................................................................................................................................................... 6 METHOD 3A ............................................................................................................................................................ 6 METHOD 4 ............................................................................................................................................................... 7 METHOD 7E ............................................................................................................................................................. 7 METHOD 10 ............................................................................................................................................................. 7 METHOD 19 ............................................................................................................................................................. 7 ASTM D6348 ......................................................................................................................................................... 8 INSTRUMENT CHECKS AND CALIBRATIONS ............................................................................................... 8 EPA PROTOCOL GASES (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.7.1) .............................................................................. 8 INTERFERENCE RESPONSE (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.7) ....................................................................... 8 ANALYZER CALIBRATION ERROR TEST (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.3) ................................................. 8 NO2 TO NO CONVERSION EFFICIENCY (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.4) ................................................... 8 SAMPLE LINE LEAK CHECK .................................................................................................................................... 9 RESPONSE TIME TEST (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.6) .............................................................................. 9 SYSTEM BIAS CHECK (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.5 & M7E.8.5) ........................................................... 9 VOC AND CH2O DETERMINATION ...................................................................................................................... 10 EMISSIONS TESTING ........................................................................................................................................... 12 SAMPLE LOCATION AND SET-UP .......................................................................................................................... 12 DETERMINATION OF STRATIFICATION (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.1.2) .................................................. 12 FUEL GAS ANALYSIS ............................................................................................................................................ 12 COMPLIANCE TEST RUNS ..................................................................................................................................... 13 TEST REPORT ......................................................................................................................................................... 13 CALCULATIONS ...................................................................................................................................................... 14 CONCENTRATION CORRECTION .................................................................................................................... 14 EPA F-FACTOR ...................................................................................................................................................... 15 15% OXYGEN CORRECTION ............................................................................................................................. 15 MASS EMISSION CALCULATIONS, METHOD 19 ......................................................................................... 16 ASTM D6348 EQUATIONS .................................................................................................................................. 17 MINIMUM DETECTABLE CONCENTRATION .......................................................................................................... 17 REFERENCE CELL ABSORPTION PATH LENGTH ................................................................................................... 18 SAMPLE CELL ABSORPTION PATH LENGTH ......................................................................................................... 19 ANALYTE SPIKING ................................................................................................................................................ 19 WET – DRY POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION CORRECTION .................................................................................. 20 VOC CALCULATIONS BY RESPONSE FACTORS .................................................................................................... 21 ii REV 41 04/2024 List of Figures Figure 1: Sample System Schematic ........................................................................................................................... 5 List of Tables Table 1: Engine Detail .................................................................................................................................................. 1 Table 2: Emission Units and Requirements .............................................................................................................. 2 Table 3: Available Instrumentation ............................................................................................................................ 5 Table 4: Unit Conversion Factors ............................................................................................................................. 16 List of Equations Equation 1: Bias Correction Calculation ................................................................................................................. 14 Equation 2: EPA Fuel Specific Fd factor ................................................................................................................. 15 Equation 3: Emissions Corrected to 15% Oxygen ................................................................................................. 15 Equation 4: Mass Emission Rate (lb/hr) .................................................................................................................. 16 Equation 5: Mass Emission Rate (g/bhp-hr) ........................................................................................................... 16 Equation 6: Noise Limited Minimum Detectable Concentration #1 ................................................................... 17 Equation 7: Analytical Minimum Detectable Concentration #2 .......................................................................... 17 Equation 8: Analytical Minimum Detectable Concentration #3 .......................................................................... 18 Equation 9: Reference Cell Path Length ................................................................................................................. 18 Equation 10: Sample Cell Path Length .................................................................................................................... 19 Equation 11: Dilution Factor ..................................................................................................................................... 19 Equation 12: Expected Spike Concentration .......................................................................................................... 20 Equation 13: Spike Recovery, Percent ..................................................................................................................... 20 Equation 14: Moisture Corrected Concentration .................................................................................................. 20 Equation 15: VOC as Methane by Response Factors ............................................................................................ 21 Equation 16: VOC as Propane .................................................................................................................................. 21 Equation 17: Total VOC for Approval Order Permit Limits .............................................................................. 21 1 REV 41 04/2024 Introduction The Company’s Emissions Testing Group (ETG) will be conducting source emissions testing at the Kinder Morgan Altamont LLC East Compressor Station in fulfillment of the State of Utah Department of Environmental Quality (UDEQ) Title V Operating Permit Number 1300039005. The purpose of this test is to demonstrate compliance with permitted emission limits and 40CFR60 Subpart JJJJ for the units listed below. Table 1 and Table 2 present the emission units and species to be measured during the testing along with applicable permit limits. All testing will be conducted in accordance with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) test methods as described in 40CFR60, Appendix A, and this test protocol. Concentrations of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) and Formaldehyde (CH2O) will be determined using an FTIR following ASTM D6348 as allowed by 40CFR60 Subpart JJJJ. Non-methane non-ethane VOC will be reported on a propane basis. Formaldehyde emissions will be excluded for the purpose of compliance demonstration with 40CFR60 Subpart JJJJ standards (VOC) but will be included for the purpose of compliance with VOC permit limits (Total VOC). The testing is tentatively scheduled for the week of July 29, 2024, if agreed upon by the State of Utah Division of Air Quality (DAQ). The ETG will provide as much notice as possible of any changes in this schedule. Table 1: Engine Detail Unit Name (Permit ID) Serial Number Manufacturer Model Catalyst Type Type Horsepower MFG Date CE-5 5283703625 Waukesha L7044GSI NSCR 4SRB 1,680 2014 2 REV 41 04/2024 Table 2: Emission Units and Requirements Unit Name (Permit ID) Emission Species Applicable Test Method Applicable Limits Permit Basis CE-5 NOX EPA Method 7E 3.70 lb/hr Title V Operating Permit #1300039005 1.0 g/bhp-hr or 82 ppmvd @ 15% O2 40CFR60 Subpart JJJJ CO EPA Method 10 4.16 lb/hr Title V Operating Permit #1300039005 2.0 g/bhp-hr or 270 ppmvd @ 15% O2 40CFR60 Subpart JJJJ VOC ASTM D6348 0.7 g/bhp-hr or 60 ppmvd @ 15% O2 40CFR60 Subpart JJJJ Total VOC ASTM D6348 0.59 lb/hr Title V Operating Permit #1300039005 3 REV 41 04/2024 FACILITY INFORMATION Facility: Kinder Morgan Altamont LLC East Compressor Station Duchesne County, UT GPS Coordinates: LAT 40.359278 LONG -110.249692 Contact: Erin Dunman Air Compliance 1667 Cole Blvd, Suite 3000 Lakewood, CO 80401 Erin_Dunman@kindermorgan.com (303) 914-7605 EMISSIONS GROUP INFORMATION Facility: Emissions Testing Group 1001 Louisiana St., Suite 1000 Houston, TX 77002 Contact: John Willis Emissions Testing Group John_Willis@kindermorgan.com (713) 420-7827 4 REV 41 04/2024 Emissions Sampling Process PROCESS DESCRIPTION The Waukesha L7044GSI (1,680 hp) reciprocating compressor engine is a four stroke, rich burn, natural gas fired internal combustion engine, equipped with an NSCR catalyst, driving gas compressors. The energy released during the combustion process drives gas compressors, raising the pressure of the incoming gas from an initial “suction” state to a more compressed “discharge” state. EMISSIONS TEST VEHICLE The ETG has conducted emission tests on reciprocating engines and turbines for many years. This testing experience has enabled the ETG to design and assemble an accurate and versatile emissions test vehicle (ETV). The ETV is one of three environmentally controlled box trailers housing all analyzers, computers, and auxiliary equipment. A Data Acquisition Control System (DACS) scans instrument outputs and the data is transferred to a computer for analysis and storage. The computer monitors the readings in real-time and outputs the data averages to a video monitor and the hard drive. The readings are recorded and represented in Central Standard Time (CST) due to our headquarters located in Houston, Texas. SAMPLING SYSTEM Continuous analyzers will be used to determine the oxides of nitrogen (NOx), carbon monoxide (CO), non-methane, non-ethane, excluding formaldehyde volatile organic compounds (VOC), formaldehyde (CH2O) and oxygen (O2) emission concentrations. Available instrumentation and analyzers are listed in Table 3. Brand names and specific models are for reference only and instruments of equal nominal performance may be substituted from time to time. Exhaust gas enters the system through a stainless-steel probe and a 3-way sample valve assembly. The sample is transported via a heat-traced Teflon sample line through a stainless-steel sample pump and into a minimum contact condenser specially designed to dry the sample. The sample is then passed through 3/8" Teflon tubing to a Balston Microfiber coalescing filter and then to the sample manifold. The sample manifold is maintained at a constant pressure by means of a pressure bypass regulator. Stainless steel needle valves control the sample flow to each analyzer. See Figure 1 for the flow schematic. For the FTIR analyzer, the exhaust gas is brought into the trailer through the same stainless- steel probe and 3-way sample valve, however, it is next directed through a heated sample line to the FTIR hotbox where the temperature, pressure and flow rate are kept constant by way of a pressure regulator, temperature controller and needle-valve flow meter until the sample enters the analyzer. After the sample has passed through the analyzer, it is purged outside of the trailer. See Figure 1 for the flow schematic. 5 REV 41 04/2024 Figure 1: Sample System Schematic Table 3: Available Instrumentation Parameters Manufacturer Model Detection Principle Range NOx Thermo Fisher Scientific / Teledyne 42i / T200H Thermal reduction of NO2 to NO. Chemiluminescent reaction of NO with O3 Variable to 10,000 ppm CO Thermo Fisher Scientific / Teledyne 48i / T300M NDIR with Gas Filter Correlation Variable to 10,000 ppm VOC / CH2O MAX iR Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy O2 Servomex 1440 Paramagnetic 0 to 25% Barometric Pressure Rosemount 3051 20 – 31 “Hg Wet/Dry Temperature Humidity Vaisala Model HMP 233 -40 °F to 140 °F 0% - 100% 6 REV 41 04/2024 General Testing Procedure EPA Reference methods as described in 40CFR60, Appendix A, and ASTM D6348 designations will be followed in the conduct of this testing. Calibration and test procedures are detailed under their respective sections of this protocol. All emission species will be measured post-catalyst. Concentrations of NOx will be determined by the procedure described in 40CFR60, Appendix A, Method 7E. Post-catalyst Concentrations of CO will be determined by the procedure described in 40CFR60, Appendix A, Method 10. Post-catalyst dilution concentration of exhaust oxygen will be determined by the procedure described in 40CFR60, Appendix A, Method 3A. Determination of exhaust effluent flow and mass emission rates will be determined by the procedure in 40CFR60, Appendix A, Method 19. Concentrations of VOC and CH2O will be determined using an FTIR following ASTM D6348 as allowed by 40CFR60 Subpart JJJJ. As with any field-based laboratory procedures, circumstances or complications may from time to time require unforeseen adjustments or accommodations which will affect the data collection process, but not materially affect the quantified data – any changes so required shall employ best possible engineering judgment to conform as closely to the letter of the Reference Methods as possible. Additionally, any substantial deviation from the protocol which might materially affect the quantified outcome of the test shall be discussed with the State of Utah Division of Air Quality (DAQ) prior to completion of any affected test and shall be documented in the ensuing report. EPA REFERENCE AND ASTM METHODS METHOD 1 “Sample and Velocity Traverses for Stationary” The objective of Method 1 is to determine the selection of sampling ports and traverse points for a representative velocity measurement. Method 1 entails selecting sampling ports at least two stack diameters downstream and a half diameter upstream from any flow disturbance. Based on the upstream and downstream measurements of a flow disturbance, a selection of minimum traverse points will be selected. Method 1 will be performed on each engine. Diagrams will be found in the test report APPENDIX. METHOD 3A “Determination of Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Concentrations in Emissions from Stationary Sources (Instrumental Analyzer Procedure)” The objective of Method 3A is to determine the O2 concentrations from the source. Method 3A entails extraction of a gas sample from a stationary source and routing the sample through a conditioning system to an analyzer for the measurement of O2 in percentage. Method 3A testing will be performed on each engine for the determination of O2. The calibration error, system bias and system drift data will be within the tolerances of the method. The previously mentioned data and the testing data will be recorded on a DACS. Calibrations and test results will be found in the test report APPENDIX. 7 REV 41 04/2024 METHOD 4 “Determination of Moisture Content in Stack Gases” The objective of Method 4 is to determine the moisture content of stack gas. Section 16.3 of this method allows the use of an FTIR as an acceptable alternative to determine stack gas moisture. METHOD 7E “Determination of Nitrogen Oxides Emissions from Stationary Sources (Instrumental Analyzer Procedure)” The objective of Method 7E testing is to determine the NOx concentration from the source. Method 7E entails extraction of a gas sample from a stationary source and routing the sample through a conditioning system to an analyzer for the measurement of NOx (NO and NO2) in ppmvd. Method 7E testing will be performed on each engine for the determination of NOx. The calibration error, system bias and system drift data will be within the tolerances of the method. The previously mentioned data and the testing data will be recorded on a DACS. This data and test results will be found in the test report APPENDIX along with NOx converter check results and calibration gas certificates. METHOD 10 “Determination of Carbon Monoxide Emissions from Stationary Sources (Instrumental Analyzer Procedure)” The objective of Method 10 is to determine the CO concentrations from the source. Method 10 entails extraction of a gas sample from a stationary source and routing the sample through a conditioning system to an analyzer for the measurement of CO in ppmvd. Method 10 testing will be performed on each engine for the determination of CO. The calibration error, system bias and system drift data will be within the tolerances of the method. The previously mentioned data and the testing data will be recorded on a DACS. Calibrations and test results will be found in the test report APPENDIX. METHOD 19 “Determination of Sulfur Dioxide Removal Efficiency and Particulate Matter, Sulfur Dioxide, and Nitrogen Oxide Emission Rates” The objective of Method 19 testing is to determine the emissions exhaust flow. Method 19 entails a NOx emission rate determined by an Oxygen-Based F-Factor on a dry basis. An F-Factor is the ratio of gas volume of the products of combustion to the heat content of the fuel. Method 19 testing will be performed on each engine for the determination of NOx emission rates if a calibrated fuel meter is used. The NOx pollutant concentration, dry F-Factor and percent of dry Oxygen concentration will be collected and calculated for the method. Test results will be found in the test report APPENDIX along with the emission rate formulas found in Equation 4 and Equation 5. 1 1 The same exhaust flow calculation will be used for CO, VOC, Total VOC and CH2O 8 REV 41 04/2024 ASTM D6348 “Determination of Gaseous Compounds by Extractive Direct Interface Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy” The objective of ASTM D6348 is to determine the VOC and CH2O concentrations from the source. ASTM D6348 entails extraction of a gas sample from a stationary source and routing the sample through a heated system to an FTIR for measurement. ASTM D6348 testing will be performed on each engine for the determination of VOC and CH2O in ppmvw. The acetaldehyde/tracer spike, recovery analysis and minimum detectible concentration for VOC and CH2O will be within the tolerances of the method. The previously mentioned data and the testing data will be recorded on FTIR software. Calibrations and test results will be found in the test report APPENDIX. INSTRUMENT CHECKS AND CALIBRATIONS The following instrument checks and calibrations guarantees the integrity of our sampling system and the accuracy of our data. EPA PROTOCOL GASES (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.7.1) Calibration sheets for EPA Protocol 1 calibration gases will be available at the test site and will be included in the test report APPENDIX. INTERFERENCE RESPONSE (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.7) Vendor instrument data concerning interference response in the NOx, CO and O2 analyzers will be included in the test report APPENDIX. ANALYZER CALIBRATION ERROR TEST (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.3) The measurement system will be first prepared for use. Each analyzer will be set to the correct response and that response will be recorded by the data acquisition system. A calibration curve will then be established to convert each analyzer’s response to equivalent gas concentrations as introduced to each analyzer. Then zero, mid and high calibration gases will be introduced without adjustment to the analyzers and their responses will be recorded. These linearity checks will be performed daily, and these responses will be considered acceptable if they are within +/- 2 percent of the span. This curve will remain unchanged throughout the test. The analyzer calibration checks (linearity) sheets will be included in the test report APPENDIX. NO2 TO NO CONVERSION EFFICIENCY (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.4) An NO2 to NO conversion efficiency test will be performed on each day of testing following the procedure described in 40CFR60, Appendix A, Method 7E Section 8.2.4.1. The results of the conversion efficiency test will be included in the test report APPENDIX. 9 REV 41 04/2024 SAMPLE LINE LEAK CHECK The sample line is leak checked before and after the test by closing the calibration valve assembly while the sample pump is operating. Once the maximum vacuum is reached (approximately 12 - 15 inches of mercury) the valve on the pressure side of the pump is closed (See Figure 2) thus sealing off the vacuum section of the sampling system. The leak tests for each unit will be considered acceptable if the vacuum gauge reading drops by an amount less than 1 inch of mercury over a period of 1 minute. The results of the sample line leak checks will be included in the test report APPENDIX. RESPONSE TIME TEST (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.6) Before sampling begins, it will be determined if the high-level or mid-level calibration gas best approximates the emissions, and the more appropriate gas will be used as the upscale gas. A response time test will be performed by first introducing the zero gas into the sample system at the outlet of the probe until all readings are stable. The calibration valve will then be switched to sample the upscale gas at the outlet of the probe until a stable reading is obtained, within 95% of the certified value of the upscale gas. The upscale response time will be recorded. Next, the low-level gas will be introduced in the same manner as the upscale gas. Once a stable reading is noted, within 5% of the certified value of the upscale gas, the downscale response time will be recorded. This process will be completed once per analyzer to determine upscale and downscale responses. The greater of the upscale or downscale response will be classified as the response time and all test points will be monitored for a period of time at least twice the response time. The results of the response time tests will be included in the test report APPENDIX. SYSTEM BIAS CHECK (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.2.5 & M7E.8.5) Before sampling begins, the upscale gas is determined as mentioned in the Response Time Test section. The system bias check is conducted once prior to and once following the test runs of the series and consists of first introducing the NOx analyzer’s upscale gas directly at the analyzer. The analyzer is allowed to stabilize, and the reading noted. The same gas is introduced at the probe, passing through the entire sample train to the analyzer and the reading noted. The resulting readings indicate any bias attributed to the sample train. This process is repeated with the NOX analyzer’s low gas. The bias check is acceptable if the direct gas reading of the analyzer is within +/- 5% of the complete sample train reading of the analyzer [per 7E.13.2]. This same procedure is repeated for CO and O2 analyzers. Sample system bias check forms will be included in the test report APPENDIX. Bias checks before and after each test run of the series will be used to determine a low and upscale drift for the NOx, CO and O2 analyzers. The zero and upscale drift for the test run period is less than +/- 3 percent of the span value for each of the analyzers [per 7E.13.3]. The system bias (drift) checks sheet for each test will be included in the test report APPENDIX. 10 REV 41 04/2024 VOC AND CH2O DETERMINATION VOC and CH2O concentrations will be determined using ASTM D6348. The instrumentation for this test program is an MAX-iR FTIR analyzer. To determine compliance with the emission standard, the FTIR will be used to measure the pollutant concentration on a wet basis then convert the concentration and exhaust flow to a dry basis using the FTIR moisture determined during the run. Target Analytes include but are not limited to: Acetaldehyde (CH3CHO)2 Carbon Tetraflouride (CF4) Water (H2O) Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Ethylene (Ethene) (C2H4)3 Acetylene (Ethyne) (C2H2) Propylene (Propene) (C3H8O2) Propane (C3H8) Butane (C4H10) Formaldehyde (CH2O) Data Quality Objectives Accuracy: The accuracy of the measurements will be ensured by performing analyte spiking, prior to the test series, in which spike recoveries will meet +/- 30% of predicted value (see ASTM D6348 EQUATIONS section below). Precision: The precision of the measurements will be ensured by consecutive Calibration Transfer Standard (CTS) analysis, performed prior to, and following the test series, in which measured values will meet +/- 5% of certified value. Test Runs: Three test runs, each 60 minutes in duration will be collected. The QA/QC checks outlined below will be performed on the analyzer. 2 Acetaldehyde will be used as a surrogate for VOC and CH2O during spike and recoveries. 3 Ethylene will be utilized as a Calibration Transfer Standard (CTS). 11 REV 41 04/2024 Pre-test Analysis: Minimum Detectable Concentration (MDC) will be determined by calculating the parameters outlined in Annex A-2 of Method ASTM D6348. Instrument noise-limited (MDC#1) Analytical algorithm error (MDC#2) Analytical algorithm error (MDC#3) Response time will be determined as required in Section 11 of Method ASTM D6348. The time required for the residual gases to fall to 5% of their original value will be determined. Analyte spiking will be employed for determining the effectiveness of the sampling and analytical system for transporting and quantifying the target analytes. This technique will follow procedures outlined in Annex A-5 of Method ASTM D6348. System performance parameters will be determined following procedures outlined in Annex A-6 of Method ASTM D6348. Noise Equivalent Analysis (NEA) Line Position Resolution Linearity A commercially prepared spectral library will be utilized for quantification of collected sample spectra. As such, the resolution, line position and apodization function used for the reference spectra will be the same for field spectral data. Field Sampling & Analysis One pre-test spike recovery analysis will be performed. A sample system flow schematic is included in Figure 1. Post-test Analysis Following data collection, the following checks will be performed again for verification against pre-test values: NEA Line Position Resolution Additionally, a spectral comparison will be performed, for each test run, as identified in Annex A-8 of Method ASTM D6348 12 REV 41 04/2024 EMISSIONS TESTING SAMPLE LOCATION AND SET-UP A single point probe consisting of 3/8-inch stainless tubing open at one end will be used to collect the sample. The sampling point in the exhaust stack will be at least eight stack diameters downstream from any disturbance and at least two stack diameters upstream from any disturbances as specified in Method 1, 40CFR60, Appendix A. If these criteria cannot be met, the sample probe will be placed at least two stack diameters downstream and a half diameter upstream from any flow disturbance (40CFR60, Appendix A, Mtd 1, 11.1.1) or as needed to ensure a high integrity sample from each engine’s exhaust. DETERMINATION OF STRATIFICATION (40CFR60, APPENDIX A – M7E.8.1.2) A stratification check will be performed on unit CE-5 using the sample probe. Three points on a line passing through the centroidal area will be used, spaced at 16.7%, 50.0% and 83.3% of the measurement line. The sampling time will be at least twice the system response time at each traverse point. Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engines with Circular Stacks For exhaust stacks larger than four inches in diameter, a stratification check will be performed before the first run of each test. In order to ascertain the presence or absence of stratification on engines with circular stacks, exhaust concentrations of O2 will be measured at three points on a line passing through the centroidal area of the exhaust duct. The mean concentrations will be used to determine the amount of stratification. If the concentration at each traverse point differs from the mean concentration for all traverse points by no more than ± 0.3% difference of mean concentration the gas stream will be considered unstratified and samples will be collected from a single point that most closely matches the mean. If the 0.3% criterion is not met, but the concentration at each traverse point differs from the mean concentration for all traverse points by no more than ± 0.5% difference of mean concentration the gas stream will be considered minimally stratified, and samples will be taken from three points, spaced at 16.7%, 50.0% and 83.3% of the measurement line. If the gas stream is found to be stratified because the 0.5% criterion for a 3-point test is not met, twelve traverse points will be utilized for the test, in accordance with Table 1-1 or Table 1-2 of 40CFR60 Appendix A, Method 1. FUEL GAS ANALYSIS A fuel gas sample will be taken during the testing. The sample will be analyzed by a pipeline gas chromatograph. This analysis will give the actual specific gravity and BTU so that fuel flow and mass emissions can be accurately calculated. The analysis will be included in the test report APPENDIX. 13 REV 41 04/2024 COMPLIANCE TEST RUNS The exhaust gas from the engines will be sampled continuously to determine NOx, CO, VOC, CH2O and O2 concentrations for three (3) individual sixty (60) minute test runs @ ≥ 90% of rated (or @ ≥ 90% of highest achievable) load. It would be inaccurate to estimate the anticipated production capacity of the engines prior to the day of testing due to the variability in daily pipeline conditions. Other important parameters such as compressor suction and discharge pressures, engine speed and ambient conditions will be monitored during the test. Catalyst measurements such as inlet catalyst temperature and the pressure drop across the catalyst will be obtained during the test. The data acquisition system will scan the analyzers every second during the test run. The computer will average the outputs every ten seconds and the raw data will be included in the report. A summary of the data, with each test run averaged, will be given in the test report APPENDIX. Any emissions limit exceedance will be reported in accordance with permit and applicable regulatory requirements. If there is an emission limit exceedance, a twenty (20) minute run will be recorded in as found state. After the twenty-minute run, corrective actions will take place to resolve the issue. If the issue can’t be resolved, the unit will be shut down and the test will be re-scheduled. TEST REPORT The compliance test report will be submitted to the UDEQ within 60 days of test completion. The ETG will express test results with the same level of precision (values past the decimal place) as the permit limits are expressed. The test report will follow the general outline of this test protocol. Data summaries, raw data, calibration sheets, gas analysis, operating parameters and other relevant information will be contained in the test report APPENDIX. 14 REV 41 04/2024 Calculations CONCENTRATION CORRECTION Emission concentration corrections required in 40CFR60, Appendix A, Method 7E will be calculated by using the bias check low and upscale values from before and after the test. The equation is as follows: 𝐶𝐶𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔= (𝐶𝐶̅− 𝐶𝐶𝑜𝑜)𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚− 𝐶𝐶𝑜𝑜 Equation 1: Bias Correction Calculation Nomenclature: 𝐶𝐶𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔: Average effluent gas concentration adjusted for bias (ppmvd) 𝐶𝐶̅: Average unadjusted gas concentration indicated by data recorder for the test run (ppmvd) 𝐶𝐶𝑜𝑜: Average of initial & final system calibration bias check responses for the low calibration gas (ppmv) 𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚: Average of initial & final system calibration bias check responses for the upscale calibration gas (ppmv) 𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔: Actual concentration of the upscale calibration gas (ppmv) 15 REV 41 04/2024 EPA F -FACTOR A fuel specific Fd factor will be calculated as described in EPA Method 19, “Determination of Sulfur Dioxide Removal Efficiency and Particulate, Sulfur Dioxide and Nitrogen Oxides Emission Rates from Electric Utility Steam Generators” for natural gas. Equation 2 will be used to determine the EPA fuel specific Fd factor. 𝐹𝐹𝑑𝑑=[(3.64 ∙ 𝐻𝐻𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤%)+(1.53 ∙ 𝐶𝐶𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤%)+(0.14 ∙ 𝑁𝑁2𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤%)−(0.46 ∙ 𝑂𝑂2𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤%)]𝐺𝐺𝐶𝐶𝐺𝐺𝜌𝜌𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔 Equation 2: EPA Fuel Specific Fd factor Nomenclature: 𝐹𝐹𝑑𝑑: Fuel specific F-factor (dscf/MMBTU) 𝐻𝐻𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤%: Hydrogen weight percent 𝐶𝐶𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤%: Carbon weight percent 𝑁𝑁2𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤%: Nitrogen weight percent 𝑂𝑂2𝑤𝑤𝑤𝑤%: Oxygen weight percent 𝐺𝐺𝐶𝐶𝐺𝐺: Heating value of the fuel (BTU/dscf) 𝜌𝜌𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔: Density of the fuel gas (lb/scf) 15% OXYGEN CORRECTION The measured concentration of NOX will be corrected to 15% O2 as set forth in 40CFR60, Appendix A, Method 7E. 𝑁𝑁𝑂𝑂𝑋𝑋=𝑁𝑁𝑂𝑂𝑋𝑋 𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑔𝑔× �5.920.9 −%𝑂𝑂2 � Equation 3: Emissions Corrected to 15% Oxygen Nomenclature: 𝑁𝑁𝑂𝑂𝑋𝑋: Corrected emission concentration (ppmvd) 4 𝑁𝑁𝑂𝑂𝑋𝑋𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑔𝑔: Observed emission concentration (ppmvd) %𝑂𝑂2 : Observed O2 concentration (%) 4 The same formula is used for CO, VOC, Total VOC and CH2O 16 REV 41 04/2024 MASS EMISSION CALCULATIONS, METHOD 19 The F-factor Method and guidance from Part 75 will be used to calculate mass emission rates (lb/hr) and (g/bhp-hr) for NOX, CO, CH2O and VOC. Equation 4 and Equation 5 will be used to determine the mass emission rates. 𝐸𝐸𝑚𝑚=𝐶𝐶𝑑𝑑× 𝐹𝐹𝑑𝑑× 20.9(20.9−%𝑂𝑂2)× 𝑄𝑄ℎ× 𝐹𝐹𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺106 Equation 4: Mass Emission Rate (lb/hr) 𝐸𝐸𝑚𝑚=𝐶𝐶𝑑𝑑× 𝐹𝐹𝑑𝑑× 20.9(20.9−%𝑂𝑂2)× 𝑄𝑄ℎ× 𝐹𝐹𝐺𝐺𝐺𝐺106 × 453.6𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵𝐵 Equation 5: Mass Emission Rate (g/bhp-hr) Nomenclature: 𝐸𝐸𝑚𝑚: Pollutant emission rates (lb/hr and g/bhp-hr) 𝐶𝐶𝑑𝑑: Pollutant concentration (lb/scf) 𝐹𝐹𝑑𝑑: Fuel specific F-factor for dry Cd measurement (dscf/MMBTU) %𝑂𝑂2 : Oxygen concentration in percent, measured on a dry basis 𝑄𝑄ℎ: Fuel rate from calibrated AGA compliant meter (scfh) 𝐺𝐺𝐶𝐶𝐺𝐺: Heating value of the fuel (BTU/scf) 𝐵𝐵𝐻𝐻𝐵𝐵: Brake horsepower The conversion factors in Table 4 will be used to correct the pollutant concentration in ppm to lb/scf: Table 4: Unit Conversion Factors To Convert from: To Multiply by: ppm NOX lb/scf 1.194 x 10-7 ppm CO lb/scf 7.268 x 10-8 ppm C3H8 lb/scf 1.1444 x 10-7 ppm CH2O lb/scf 7.7895 x 10-8 17 REV 41 04/2024 ASTM D6348 EQUATIONS MINIMUM DETECTABLE CONCENTRATION 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶#1 =𝑁𝑁𝐸𝐸𝑁𝑁𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔𝑚𝑚𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸𝐹𝐹𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔𝑚𝑚∗𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝐹𝐹𝑟𝑟∗ 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟𝐹𝐹𝑟𝑟𝐿𝐿𝑐𝑐𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 Equation 6: Noise Limited Minimum Detectable Concentration #1 Nomenclature: 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶#1: Noise limited minimum detectable concentration for analyte m (ppm) 𝑁𝑁𝐸𝐸𝑁𝑁: RMS noise for analyte m 𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸𝐹𝐹: Root mean square absorbance value obtained on the reference spectrum 𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝐹𝐹𝑟𝑟: Concentration used in generating the reference spectra for analyte m (ppm) 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟𝐹𝐹𝑟𝑟: Path length used in generating the reference spectra for analyte m (ppm) 𝐿𝐿𝑐𝑐𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹: Path length of the cell used to perform the measurements (m) 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶#2 = 3 ∗�1𝐵𝐵��𝐶𝐶𝑔𝑔𝑎𝑎𝐹𝐹𝑚𝑚− 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝𝑚𝑚�2𝑝𝑝 𝑝𝑝=1 Equation 7: Analytical Minimum Detectable Concentration #2 Nomenclature: 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶#2: Analytical algorithm error minimum detectable concentration for analyte m (ppm) 𝐵𝐵: Number of sample spectra used 𝐶𝐶𝑔𝑔𝑎𝑎𝐹𝐹: Average concentration for analyte m representing the analytical bias (ppm) 𝐶𝐶𝑝𝑝: Concentration results produced by the analytical algorithm for the analyte m on spectra P of the set (ppm) 18 REV 41 04/2024 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶#3 =𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸𝑁𝑁𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔𝑚𝑚𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸𝐹𝐹𝑟𝑟𝑚𝑚𝑔𝑔𝑚𝑚∗𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝐹𝐹𝑟𝑟∗ 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟𝐹𝐹𝑟𝑟𝐿𝐿𝑐𝑐𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹 Equation 8: Analytical Minimum Detectable Concentration #3 Nomenclature: 𝑀𝑀𝑀𝑀𝐶𝐶#3: Analytical algorithm error minimum detectable concentration for analyte m (ppm) 𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸𝑁𝑁: Residual equivalent absorbance for analyte m 𝑅𝑅𝐸𝐸𝐹𝐹: Root mean square absorbance value obtained on the reference spectrum 𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝐹𝐹𝑟𝑟: Concentration used in generating the reference spectra for analyte m (ppm) 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟𝐹𝐹𝑟𝑟: Path length used in generating the reference spectra for analyte m (ppm) 𝐿𝐿𝑐𝑐𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹𝐹: Path length of the cell used to perform the measurements (m) REFERENCE CELL ABSORPTION PATH LENGTH 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟=𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟�𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟��𝐵𝐵𝑟𝑟𝐵𝐵𝑟𝑟��𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟��𝑁𝑁𝑟𝑟𝑁𝑁𝑟𝑟� Equation 9: Reference Cell Path Length Nomenclature: 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟: Reference cell absorption path length (m) 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟: Fundamental CTS absorption path length (m) 𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟: Absolute temperature of reference CTS gas (R) 𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟: Absolute temperature of fundamental CTS gas (R) 𝐵𝐵𝑟𝑟: Absolute pressure of reference CTS gas (torr) 𝐵𝐵𝑟𝑟: Absolute pressure of fundamental CTS gas (torr) 𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟: Concentration of reference CTS gas (torr) 𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟: Concentration of fundamental CTS gas (torr) �𝐴𝐴𝑟𝑟𝐴𝐴𝑓𝑓�: Ratio of reference CTS absorbance to the fundamental CTS absorbance, determined by classical least squares 19 REV 41 04/2024 SAMPLE CELL ABSORPTION PATH LENGTH 𝐿𝐿𝑔𝑔=𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟�𝑇𝑇𝑔𝑔𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟��𝐵𝐵𝑟𝑟𝐵𝐵𝑔𝑔��𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟𝐶𝐶𝑔𝑔��𝑁𝑁𝑔𝑔𝑁𝑁𝑟𝑟� Equation 10: Sample Cell Path Length Nomenclature: 𝐿𝐿𝑔𝑔: Sample cell absorption path length (m) 𝐿𝐿𝑟𝑟: Reference CTS absorption path length (m) 𝑇𝑇𝑔𝑔: Absolute temperature of sample CTS gas (R) 𝑇𝑇𝑟𝑟: Absolute temperature of reference CTS gas (R) 𝐵𝐵𝑔𝑔: Absolute pressure of sample CTS gas (torr) 𝐵𝐵𝑟𝑟: Absolute pressure of reference CTS gas (torr) 𝐶𝐶𝑔𝑔: Concentration of sample CTS gas (torr) 𝐶𝐶𝑟𝑟: Concentration of reference CTS gas (torr) �𝐴𝐴𝑠𝑠𝐴𝐴𝑟𝑟�: Ratio of sample CTS absorbance to the reference CTS absorbance, determined by classical least squares ANALYTE SPIKING 𝑀𝑀𝐹𝐹=𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇−𝑆𝑆𝐵𝐵𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇−𝐷𝐷𝑆𝑆𝐷𝐷𝑆𝑆𝐺𝐺𝐷𝐷 Equation 11: Dilution Factor Nomenclature: 𝑀𝑀𝐹𝐹: Dilution factor of the spike gas 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇−𝑆𝑆𝐵𝐵𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆𝑆: Diluted tracer concentration measured in a spiked sample (ppm) 𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇−𝐷𝐷𝑆𝑆𝐷𝐷𝑆𝑆𝐺𝐺𝐷𝐷: Tracer concentration measured directly in undiluted spike gas (ppm) 20 REV 41 04/2024 𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑝=𝑈𝑈𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝐹𝐹+𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 Equation 12: Expected Spike Concentration Nomenclature: 𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑝: Expected spike concentration of the analyte (ppm) 𝑈𝑈𝑔𝑔: Concentration of the analytes in the unspiked samples (ppm) 𝑈𝑈𝑑𝑑𝑑𝑑𝐹𝐹: Concentration of analytes in spiked sample effluent accounting for dilution (ppm); Udil = Ua x (1 - DF) 𝐶𝐶𝑔𝑔: Certified concentration of the calibration standard for the analyte (ppm) 𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 CS = Cs x DF 𝑀𝑀𝐹𝐹: Dilution factor of the spike gas 𝑅𝑅=𝐶𝐶𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑔𝑔𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑝× 100 Equation 13: Spike Recovery, Percent Nomenclature: 𝑅𝑅: Percent spike recovery (%) 𝐶𝐶𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑜𝑔𝑔: Observed spike concentration of the analyte (ppm) 𝐶𝐶𝐹𝐹𝑒𝑒𝑝𝑝: Expected spike concentration of the analyte (ppm) WET – DRY POLLUTANT CONCENTRATION CORRECTION 𝐶𝐶𝑑𝑑=𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚𝐹𝐹𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔1 − � %𝐻𝐻2𝑂𝑂100 � Equation 14: Moisture Corrected Concentration Nomenclature: 𝐶𝐶𝑑𝑑: Corrected pollutant concentration on a dry basis (ppmvd) 𝐶𝐶𝑚𝑚𝐹𝐹𝑔𝑔𝑔𝑔: Measured pollutant concentration on a wet basis (ppmvw) %𝐻𝐻2 𝑂𝑂: Measured effluent moisture concentration (%) 21 REV 41 04/2024 VOC CALCULATIONS BY RESPONSE FACTORS 𝐺𝐺𝑂𝑂𝐶𝐶= ethylene (ethene) 1.9 × 𝑇𝑇12 + acetylene (ethyne) 2.4 × 𝑇𝑇13 + propane 3 × 𝑇𝑇14 + propylene (propene) 2.85 × 𝑇𝑇15 + butane 4 × 𝑇𝑇16 Equation 15: VOC as Methane by Response Factors 5 Nomenclature: 𝑇𝑇12 ethylene (ethene) (ppmvw) 𝑇𝑇13 acetylene (ethyne) (ppmvw) 𝑇𝑇14 propane (ppmvw) 𝑇𝑇15 propylene (propene) (ppmvw) 𝑇𝑇16 butane (ppmvw) 𝐺𝐺𝑂𝑂𝐶𝐶 𝑇𝑇𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝𝑇𝑇𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑇𝑇𝑝𝑝𝑇𝑇=𝐺𝐺𝑂𝑂𝐶𝐶 𝑇𝑇𝑎𝑎 𝑚𝑚𝑇𝑇𝑚𝑚ℎ𝑇𝑇𝑝𝑝𝑇𝑇/3 Equation 16: VOC as Propane 𝑇𝑇𝑝𝑝𝑚𝑚𝑇𝑇𝑇𝑇 𝐺𝐺𝑂𝑂𝐶𝐶=𝐺𝐺𝑂𝑂𝐶𝐶 𝑇𝑇𝑎𝑎 𝑝𝑝𝑇𝑇𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑝𝑇𝑇𝑝𝑝𝑇𝑇+𝐶𝐶𝐻𝐻2𝑂𝑂 Equation 17: Total VOC for Approval Order Permit Limits 6 5 Using FID response factors, with ethylene, acetylene, propylene weighted down when below 0 ppm, and straight readings for propane and butane. 6 Used for: ppmvd @ 15% O2, lb/hr or g/hp-hr