DDW-2024-008040

State of Utah

Source Water Assessment Program

Drinking Water Source Protection for Surface Water User’s Guide

November, 2005
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INTRODUCTION 3
PRELIMINARY EVALUATION REPORTS 3
Introduction 3
Report Sections 3
Delineation Report 3
Susceptibility Analysis 3
Susceptibility Determination 3
Documentation of Division of Water Quality Classification of Source Water 3
Upgrading to Drinking Water Source Protection Plans 4
Checklist 4
DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION REPORTS 5
Introduction 5
Are you required to do a plan? 5
Schedule 5
Purpose 5
Report Sections 6
Introduction 6
Delineation report 6
Susceptibility Analysis 7
Management Plan for Existing Potential Contamination Sources 11
Management Plan for Future Potential Contamination Sources 12
Implementation Schedule 13
Resource Evaluation 13
Recordkeeping 13
Contingency Plan 13
Public Notification 15
Checklist 18
Appendices 21
Appendix A - Involving the community 21
Appendix B – Which agency does what? 22
Appendix C - Who should I call? 27
Appendix D - Emergency Planning Committees 28
Appendix E - Electronic forms on disc 30
Appendix F - Information available on the web 31
Appendix G - Example of Public Notification 33
Appendix H - Examples of Susceptibility Analyses 36
Appendix I - Example Potential Contamination Source Inventory Form 40
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Introduction

Preliminary Evaluation Reports
Introduction
Submit a Preliminary Evaluation Report for all proposed new surface water sources that will be used as a
source of drinking water by a public water system. A new surface source is any source for which plans and
specification were submitted after June 12, 2000. Submit the Preliminary Evaluation Report and the pre-
design submittal (refer to R309-515-5) at the same time, which allows for review at the same time. The
Division of Drinking Water will not grant approval to begin construction, and, subsequently, to use a
source, until the Preliminary Evaluation Report, the pre-design submittal, and the pre-construction
submittal are reviewed and approved.

Purpose

Source Protection ensures that Public Water Systems will be able to protect their proposed new surface
water source after the source is constructed. Because of this, Preliminary Evaluation Reports and pre-
design submittals must be submitted to Division of Drinking Water before a new source is constructed. Do
not begin construction of the source before a Preliminary Evaluation Report is approved. The money
that has been invested in the construction cost of a new source may be lost if a subsequent review of the
Preliminary Evaluation Report reveals that it cannot be approved.
Report Sections
Delineation Report
Refer to the Delineation Report discussion in this guide under Drinking Water Source Protection Plans.
Susceptibility Analysis
Refer to the Susceptibility Analysis discussion under Drinking Water Source Protection Plans.
Susceptibility Determination
Prefer to the Susceptibility Determination discussion under Drinking Water Source Protection Plans.

Land Use Map:
A land use map that shows all land within zones one and two. Since a Preliminary Evaluation Report for a
surface source should show that the source location has been chosen such that the number of uncontrolled
sources in zones 1 and 2 is minimized, it is important to document land use within those zones to verify the
presence or absence of Potential Contamination Sources. You may rely on existing maps or data, including
Geographic Information System data, to satisfy this requirement.

A land use map is not required if ordinances are used to protect these areas. It is the responsibility of the
Public Water System to cite and quote references and interpret the zoning ordinance to substantiate land
use restrictions. Please do not send a zoning ordinance and expect the Division of Drinking Water to do
this research.
Documentation of Division of Water Quality Classification of Source Water

With reference to R317-2, you must provide documentation of the classification of the source waters by the
Division of Water Quality. If the source water is not currently classed as 1C (drinking water) under UAC
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R317-2, the Public Water System must request such a classification from the Water Quality Board for
zones 1 and 2.
Upgrading to Drinking Water Source Protection Plans

A refined report that meets the requirements of a Drinking Water Source Protection plan must be submitted
to the Division within one year of the date of the Preliminary Evaluation Report approval letter.
Information regarding developing the Drinking Water Source Protection plan can be found later in this
User’s Guide.
Checklist

CHECKLIST FOR LOCATING AND DEVELOPING A NEW DRINKING WATER SOURCE
To Do Before Construction

 Preliminary Evaluation Report
 Delineation Report
Request and obtain delineation report from the Division of Drinking Water (801-536-
4200), or
Prepare a report meeting the requirements of R309-605

 Susceptibility Analysis and Determination

 Evaluate intake and sensitivity of the setting.

 Request and obtain inventory of larger potential contamination sources from the
Division of Drinking Water.

 Compile inventory of smaller Potential Contamination Sources within zones 1, 2 and
3 (as applicable) from local information (you may use the inventory report form
provided by Division of Drinking Water (Appendix I), or your own method). You
may rely on the information provided by Division of Drinking Water for Potential
Contamination Sources in zone 4.

 For each Potential Contamination Source (including those in zone 4), evaluate
whether the Potential Contamination Source is controlled or not controlled (the
evaluation criteria are included on the inventory form).

 For each Potential Contamination Source, evaluate how susceptible your drinking
water source is to that Potential Contamination Source (you may use one of the
susceptibility forms (Appendix H) provided by the Division of Drinking Water for
this, or you may provide your own explanation for your susceptibility
determinations).

 Organize your inventory to reflect which Potential Contamination Sources represent
the most serious concern to your source water.

 Land Use Map - A land use map which includes all land within zones one and two is
required. You may use existing maps or Geographic Information System data to satisfy this
requirement. A land use map and list are not required if ordinances are used to protect these
areas. It is the responsibility of the Public Water System to cite and quote references and
interpret the zoning ordinance to substantiate these restrictions. Please do not send a zoning
ordinance and expect Division of Drinking Water to do this research.

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 Documentation of Division of Water Quality classification of source water - with
reference to R317-2, provide documentation of the classification of the source waters by the
Division of Water Quality . If the source water is not currently classed as 1C under UAC
R317-2, the Public Water System must request such a classification from the Division of
Water Quality for zones 1 and 2, and must document the request. The Public Water System
must also request that the source water be categorized as Category 1 or 2 under UAC R317-
2-3. Categorization of the source will reduce the potential for source water degradation from
new pollution sources.

 Engineering Plans and Specifications -The pre-design submittal must be prepared and
submitted to the Engineering section. The Preliminary Evaluation Report must be
concurrently prepared and submitted to the Special Services Section. Following approval of
the pre-design submittal and the Preliminary Evaluation Report, the pre-construction
submittal must be approved by the Engineering section.
Drinking Water Source Protection Reports
Introduction
Your drinking water sources are valuable assets to you and the people you serve. Although water systems
commonly consider treatment to be the best defense against contaminants, preventing contamination from
reaching your treatment plant better protects the resource and the public, and in the long term will keep
treatments costs in check. A Drinking Water Source Protection Plan is the first step in identifying risk, and
in reducing the risk of contamination.
Are you required to do a plan?
A Drinking Water Source Protection plan must be done by each community water system and non-transient
non-community system (which are commonly large businesses with their own water systems) using a
surface water source, including sources designated as “under the direct influence of surface water”. If you
are not sure how your system is classified, please call the Division of Drinking Water at 801-536-4200 for
assistance. Transient non-community systems (which are commonly systems like campgrounds, summer
cabins, and the like) are not required to do Drinking Water Source Protection plans.
Schedule
Submit your Drinking Water Source Protection plan according to the following example. Under some
circumstances, extensions may be granted. However, all plans must be submitted by May 6, 2003!

Population served by public water system: Drinking Water Source Protection plans due by:
Over 10,000 December 31, 2001
3,300 to 10,000 May 6, 2002
Less than 3,300 May 6, 2003
Purpose

When you develop your Drinking Water Source Protection plan, you evaluate the risk of contamination
reaching your intake, and develop a plan to lower that risk. Contamination that doesn’t reach your intake is
contamination you will never have to filter or treat. Contamination that doesn’t reach your intake is
contamination your customers will never have to be concerned about, and the newspapers will never write
about. The effect of a Drinking Water Source Protection plan may never be obvious, since these plans are
not meant to improve water quality, they are only meant to prevent problems. However, any problem you
are able to prevent by identifying it ahead of time is one that will never interfere with your customers
enjoyment of their drinking water.
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Report Sections
Introduction

The Introduction should include a brief description of your system, including system number and address.
Describe the source that you are writing the plan for. Identify the person who will act as the primary
contact for your Drinking Water Source Protection Plan (the “Designated Person”). Note that this
information must be updated promptly, by notifying the Division in writing within 90 days of a personnel
change.
Delineation report

Generally, the Division will do the Delineation Report for you. If you haven’t received one, please call us
at [phone] to request a copy. You are not required to use our delineation, if you provide one that is
at least as protective as the one we would provide.

The protection zones for your source are based on these definitions:

Zone Length of zone (distance from
intake)
Width (each side of drainage)
1 100 feet below intake, and from 0
to 15 miles above1
½ mile
2 From 15 to 65 miles1 1,000 feet
3 Greater than 65 miles1 500 feet
4 Area of watershed outside of
zones 1 through 31
Margin of contributing watershed

If you choose to provide your own delineation report, please use one of these two methods:

Method 1: You may use the definitions provided in the table shown above. All applicable zones
must be defined. Such a submittal must meet the following requirements, and must include a map or maps
showing the full extent of the zones as described in the table, and as follows:

Zone 1: For streams and rivers: zone 1 is the area on both sides of the source, ½ mile on each side, laterally
from the high water mark of the source (bank full), and from 100 feet downstream of the intake3 to 15 miles
upstream1.

For reservoirs and lakes, zone 1 is the area ½ mile from the high water mark. Any tributary to the reservoir
or lake will be included in zone 1 for 15 miles upstream1, ½ mile on each side.

Zone 2: Zone 2 begins at the end of zone 1, and extends an additional 50 miles upstream1, 1000 feet on
each side measured from the high water mark of the source.
feet on each side of the source.
Zone 3: Zone 3 begins at the end of zone 2, and extends to the limits of the watershed2 , 500 feet on each
side of the source.

Zone 4: Zone 4 is defined as all of the watershed2 that contributes to the source that is not otherwise part of
zones 1 through 3. The watershed is the entire area in which water will flow downhill to the source.

1 Or to the limits of the watershed or 2the state line, whichever comes first 3 Note that the intake includes any conveyance that is open to the air, such as a canal or ditch.
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Method 2: Confer with the Division of Drinking Water staff before using an alternative delineation
scheme in order to make sure that your method will be accepted. You may use site-specific data to support
a different delineation of your protection zones, if the delineation zones are no less protective than those
outlined above. The entire watershed must be included in your delineation. You must include a detailed
explanation of how you derived your protection zones, and explain why the protection zones are at least as
protective as the zones 1-4 described above.
Susceptibility Analysis
Introduction

The susceptibility of a source of drinking water is an assessment of the possibility for that drinking water
source to be accidentally contaminated by a potential contamination source. Assessing that potential is a
critical part of the development of a Drinking Water Source Protection plan for a surface drinking water
source.

Ask yourself the following questions:

What is the structural integrity of the intake? Is it good enough to prevent accidental contamination?
Include canals and aqueducts that convey water from the source to treatment plants or to the
distribution system in this assessment.
How sensitive is the natural setting? Large amounts of vegetation, wetlands, non-permeable rocks, and
shallow slopes may help protect or buffer the water body. Steep slopes, rocky soil, permeable rocks or
a lack of vegetation may make it possible for contaminants to move overland more freely.
What sources of potential contamination exist within the protection zones that have been delineated for the
source?
Are those sources of contamination controlled (meaning that someone or something is ensuring that the
contamination is confined to its location, and under most reasonable scenarios cannot escape), or are
they uncontrolled (meaning that there is some clear potential for an accidental release).
What hazards are associated with the sources of contamination?
How do these factors interrelate? How susceptible is this drinking water source to the potential
contamination sources that you have identified?

Your Drinking Water Source Protection report should supply the answers to these questions.
Structural Integrity of intake

The first step in a susceptibility analysis is an evaluation of the structural integrity of the intake. Does the
intake meet minimum rule requirements as described in the source development rule (R309-515-5)? Can
you bypass the intake if there is a spill upstream? The intake includes any portion of the conveyance from
the point of diversion to the distribution system(s) that is open to the atmosphere or is otherwise vulnerable
to contamination (i.e., canals).
Sensitivity of Natural Setting

The second step in a susceptibility analysis is an evaluation of the sensitivity of the natural setting. Are
the slopes in the area steep, which can increase runoff? Areas with a lot of pavement will also have more
runoff. Is the area heavily vegetated, which may decrease runoff? Sensitivity is influenced by any natural
or man-made feature that increases or decreases the likelihood of contamination.
Inventory
The third step in your analysis of the susceptibility of your source of drinking water is to survey and
inventory local potential contamination sources within your protection zones, in addition to those
included in the Geographic Information System inventory provided by the Division of Drinking Water. A
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Potential Contamination Sources may store or use material or employ an activity or procedure that may
potentially contaminate surface water. The hazardous substances may be chemical (for example,
gasoline), biological (for example, manure or sewage), or radiological.

The Geographic Information System inventory provided by the Division is a listing of Potential
Contamination Sources that the State or other agencies regulate and track. It is by no means complete!
Numerous Potential Contamination Sources may not appear on a Geographic Information System
inventory, such as animal feeding operations, developments using septic systems, businesses that use floor
drains to dispose of chemicals, non-point sources of contamination (such as agricultural areas), and the like.
These, among others, are the types of Potential Contamination Sources you should be on the lookout for.

List only additional Potential Contamination Sources within protection zones 1 through 3 (the inventory of
Potential Contamination Sources provided by the Division of Drinking Water is sufficient for the remainder
of the watershed).

The purpose of the inventory is to alert you to the possible risk of contamination of your water supply, and
to enable you to plan ahead. Therefore, to be useful, the list should include the following information:

1. Name and location of site or facility
2. The chemical, biological or radiological hazards associated with the site
3. A contact person at the site or a contact at the agency regulating the site.
4. The zone the facility is located in.

A form that guides you through the inventory process, and which ensures that you collect the information
you need, is provided in Appendix I. You are not required to use this form, but you may wish to refer to it
as a guide to the information you should collect.

Provide a map that shows the locations of the Potential Contamination Sources you identify. The maps
provided by the Division for your delineation report may be used for documenting the locations of Potential
Contamination Sources that you may identify, or you may provide your own map. In either case, show the
locations of the Potential Contamination Sources within the protection zones. Either label the maps with
the names of the Potential Contamination Sources, or if the map will be crowded, provide a key so that a
reader can easily identify a Potential Contamination Source from your report.

You may wish to conduct a survey in order to complete your inventory. Windshield surveys may be the
most effective mechanism for identifying potential contamination sources, especially for areas where
highways parallel rivers. Phone, mail, and door-to-door surveys may be useful for smaller watersheds with
fewer sources of potential contamination.

Residential areas are considered uncontrolled sources of potential contamination, because of the common
practice of using and storing chemicals such as fertilizers and pesticides. However, it is not necessary to
list individual residential properties on your inventory. You may designate them as residential areas,
indicate the common household chemicals that may be used there, and show them as residential areas on
your maps.

Sources of information and data about Potential Contamination Sources are shown in Appendix F.
Assess Controls

The fourth step in development of your susceptibility analysis is deciding whether each2 potential
contamination source is controlled or uncontrolled. You may have done this during your inventory of
individual Potential Contamination Sources, especially if you used the inventory sheet provided, but if not,
2 You may group similar, related Potential Contamination Sources, and assess them together. As an
example, you may chose to collectively assess all abandoned mines with one mining district, rather than
assessing them separately.
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you must do it in this step. Include all your Potential Contamination Sources in this analysis, including
those identified by the Division of Drinking Water for zone 4, and any nonpoint sources identified by land
use. Generally, if some one or some thing is overseeing and minimizing the potential for release of a
hazardous material or polluting substance at a Potential Contamination Source, then that source may be
adequately controlled. If no one and nothing are minimizing the potential for release of a hazardous
material or polluting substance, then that Potential Contamination Source is not adequately controlled.
Four types of controls are possible. If none of the four can be positively identified, consider the Potential
Contamination Source uncontrolled. If one control applies, it isn’t necessary to consider or identify others.

In order to positively identify a control, you must address the following questions and provide the
following information in your Drinking Water Source Protection plan, or else your assessment may be
rejected.

Regulatory controls: Is the Potential Contamination Source regulated by an agency? You must verify this3.
Cite the regulation, rule or ordinance that governs the Potential Contamination Source. Explain why the
regulatory control reduces the risk of contamination migrating from the site, assess the control, and set a
date to reassess the control.

Best management/pollution prevention controls: List the specific best management/pollution prevention
practices that the Potential Contamination Source management is using to control the hazard and indicate
that they are willing to continue the use of these practices; explain how these practices prevent the spread
of contamination; assess the control; and set a date to reassess the control.

Physical controls - Describe the physical control(s) which have been constructed to control the hazard;
explain how these controls prevent contamination; assess the control; and set a date to reassess the control.

Negligible quantity control - Identify the quantity of the hazard that is being used, disposed, stored,
manufactured, and/or transported; explain why this amount should be considered a negligible quantity;
assess the control; and set a date to reassess the control.

A common area of misunderstanding regarding controls is residential use and storage of chemicals,
pesticides, and herbicides, as well as residential septic systems. In general, these types of Potential
Contamination Sources will always be considered uncontrolled, because there is no oversight of the use or
storage of chemicals at a household, or of the maintenance of residential septic systems.

For the purpose of meeting the requirements of R309-605, a Potential Contamination Source that is covered
by a permit or approval under one of the regulatory programs listed below4 demonstrates that the source is
adequately controlled unless otherwise determined by the Executive Secretary. For all other regulatory
programs, the Public Water System's assessment is subject to review by the Division of Drinking Water; as
a result, a Public Water System's Drinking Water Source Protection Plan may be disapproved if the
Division of Drinking Water does not agree with its assessment(s).

The Utah Ground-Water Quality Protection program established by Section 19-5-104 and R317-6;

3 If an underground storage tank (leaking or not), CERCLA, RCRA, or point discharge site is identified by
the Division of Drinking Water and provided in an inventory list, that is sufficient to demonstrate that the
Potential Contamination Source is under regulatory control, since the Division of Drinking Water’s
Geographic Information System data are obtained from the agencies that regulate such sites. It is not
necessary to verify the agency’s oversight.
4 Appendix C contains contact information for various regulatory programs, current as of May 16, 2014.
Unless the Potential Contamination Source is in a list provided to you by the Division of Drinking Water,
you must verify that it is actually regulated by the specific program.

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 Closure plans or Part B permits under authority of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act
(RCRA) of 1984 regarding the monitoring and treatment of ground water;

 The Utah Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (UPDES) established by Section 19-5-104 and
R317-8; at the discretion of the Public Water System, this may include Confined Animal Feeding
Operations/Animal Feeding Operations (CAFO/AFO) to be assessed under the Utah DWQ
CAFO/AFO Strategy.

 The Underground Storage Tank Program established by Section 19-6-403 and R311-200 through
R311-208; and

 The Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program for classes I-IV established by Sections 19-5-104
and 40-6-5 and R317-7 and R649-5.

Finally, if you are not able to identify the controls associated with a Potential Contamination Source, or if
you chose not to identify the controls, then that Potential Contamination Source must be considered
uncontrolled.
Susceptibility Determination

Combine the evaluation of the structural integrity of the intake, the sensitivity of the natural setting,
and the nature of the Potential Contamination Source (including presence or absence of adequate
controls) to determine how susceptible your drinking water source may be to contamination from
each Potential Contamination Source. Include controlled Potential Contamination Sources in your
susceptibility determination, since you are creating a permanent record of possible sources of
contamination. A controlled Potential Contamination Source could become uncontrolled in the future.

You may use any defendable method to weigh these factors and make your decision regarding how
susceptible your source is to each Potential Contamination Source, including best professional judgement.
You may wish to use a scoring method, if you have many Potential Contamination Sources and you want to
be sure that your assessment will be consistent from one Potential Contamination Source to the next. For
your convenience, two examples of methods for assessing susceptibility are included in Appendix H, one
that assigns a score (with a higher score indicating a higher susceptibility), and one that uses a narrative
description to arrive at a relative susceptibility (for example, high, medium or low).
Prioritization

When you have completed your inventory of Potential Contamination Sources, and assigned a
susceptibility rating to each one, prioritize your list from the Potential Contamination Source that poses the
greatest risk (the Potential Contamination Source that your source is the most susceptible to) to the one that
poses the least risk. Arranging your list in priority order will help you direct your resources to Potential
Contamination Sources that represent the highest risk to your drinking water source. Include controlled
and uncontrolled Potential Contamination Sources in your prioritized inventory, recognizing that controlled
Potential Contamination Sources will generally be of lower priority. Although you must explain the basis
for the way you prioritize the inventory, your judgement is usually all that is necessary to prioritize this list

Finally, assess your drinking water source for its overall susceptibility to contamination. This information
will be used in your public notification, and will also allow you to compare the susceptibility of one
drinking water source to another.
Maintenance

Maintaining a list of Potential Contamination Sources is a continuous effort. This list should be updated
often enough to ensure that it reflects current conditions in your protection areas, but at least every two
years. This includes adding Potential Contamination Sources that have moved into your protection areas,
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deleting sources that have moved out, and generally updating the data to improve your knowledge about the
potential sources in your protection areas.

Your Drinking Water Source Protection plan will be resubmitted to the Division of Drinking Water every
six years after the original due date. Revising your inventory will be simpler if you collect information
during the six year interval. For example, have an employee conduct a windshield survey every two years
to see if any significant changes have occurred. Document the results of the survey in your recordkeeping
section. Keep the records. When you prepare the revised report, much of the information will be right at
hand.
Management Plan for Existing Potential Contamination Sources

The Drinking Water Source Protection rule (Utah Administrative Code R309-605) requires that
management strategies be planned for the three highest priority potential contamination sources that are not
adequately controlled. Public water systems have complete discretion to choose the strategies that will
work best for them. The Division of Drinking Water understands that these are local problems that require
local solutions.

Your prioritized list of Potential Contamination Sources will show which three Potential Contamination
Sources are of the greatest concern. You may decide to manage additional Potential Contamination
Sources. The Division of Drinking Water may also require you to manage more than three, if there are
other Potential Contamination Sources that pose a conspicuous and acute risk to your drinking water
source.

Management does not mean that you have to pass ordinances or zoning requirements. Management does
not mean that you have to interfere with how someone conducts their business or manages their private
property. Management does mean, though, that property owners who inadvertently threaten your drinking
water source will be notified of that possibility, and encouraged to assist you in protecting your source.
Management may mean that people you may never meet will be encouraged to change their behavior to
protect drinking water sources, through signs or newsletters or other means of public education.
Management may mean obtaining the assistance of those who do have zoning authority to reduce the kinds
of potentially polluting activities that may take place in your watershed.
Making Use of Existing Programs

Educate yourself regarding what protection and management programs may already exist in your
watershed. Examples might include U.S. Forest Service Forest Management plans, existing watershed
protection plans, existing zoning under other authorities, existing management plans for reservoirs and
lakes, waterbody classification by the Division of Water Quality, and other existing forms of protection. If
you can establish that those programs will provide the level of control you need, you may defer to those
programs for the specific types of Potential Contamination Sources and the specific areas the program
covers. The Division of Drinking Water has some information about some programs of this type, although
local land management authorities and soil conservation groups would be good sources of up-to-date
information. If you chose to defer to an existing program, then provide a detailed explanation regarding
how the program meets your goals of managing uncontrolled potential contamination sources and
protecting your drinking water source.

Once you have identified these programs, don’t miss the opportunity to participate! If a work group
addressing water quality issues exists for your watershed, by all means participate. You may be the only
one interested in drinking water issues, and your input would therefore become critical. Appendix C
contains general contact information for watershed programs through the Division of Water Quality, and
the information about specific watersheds can be found at
http://www.deq.state.ut.us/eqwq/watersheds/state.htm
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Future Revisions to your Drinking Water Source Protection plan

Drinking Water Source Protection plans are to be resubmitted every six years after the first submittal. To
prepare the resubmittal, you will update your inventory, and reassess the Potential Contamination Sources.
You will then re-prioritize your Potential Contamination Source list. If the same three uncontrolled
Potential Contamination Sources are still at the top of your list, you need change nothing in the
management plan. If a different Potential Contamination Source is now within the top three, you will
propose a management strategy for that uncontrolled Potential Contamination Source. You will continue
management strategies for the previously managed Potential Contamination Sources, unless you provide
evidence that a Potential Contamination Source is now considered controlled.
Management Plan for Future Potential Contamination Sources

What if a subdivision using septic systems wanted to locate or operate in your protection area? What if a
new sewage treatment plant goes in upstream? How about new logging or mining operations, which can
contribute sediment to streams? Most people worry about what they will do when or after something
happens. This part of your plan should help you decide what to do before something happens that could
affect your water quality. You’ll be better prepared, and with a plan in hand you may be able to change the
outcome, or minimize the potential effect to your drinking water source.

R309-605 requires that a program be established to manage PCSs that may want to locate within your
protection zones some time in the future (go back to page 11 to refresh your memory regarding what
“manage” means). Although zoning or use of ordinances is not required, those methods are probably the
most effective way to protect your drinking water source.
Minimum Requirements

The minimum requirement for this section of your plan includes a commitment to:

 Contact each Potential Contamination Source as it moves into your protection area
 Determine whether it is actually a Potential Contamination Source
if it is, add it to your inventory
 Identify and assess its controls, and
 Plan and implement land management strategies, if the Potential Contamination Source is not
adequately controlled.

Alternatives

Planning and Zoning Ordinances

Adopting a zoning ordinance is the most effective way to control future PCSs. Zoning ordinances
allow the regulating agency to:

 Control subdivision development and industrial growth at desirable levels,
 conduct site plan reviews,
 evaluate design and operating standards,
 ensure adequate spill protection and waste disposal procedures, and
 prohibit facilities that would discharge contamination to your aquifer.

You may well need the cooperation of county or municipal government to adopt such an ordinance.
Examples of successful ordinances abound, and may provide a leg-up to local agencies considering
adopting such an ordinance. As of this date ( May 16, 2014), Box Elder and Kane Counties have adopted
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Drinking Water Source protection ordinances, and Salt Lake County is in the process. Several
municipalities have done the same thing. Review their examples for ideas about how local government can
assist you with your goals.

Municipalities have the authority to pass and enforce zoning ordinances to control potential contamination.
Section 10-8-15 of the Utah Code gives cities and towns the extraterritorial authority to enact ordinances to
protect a stream or source from which their drinking water is taken "…for 15 miles above the point from
which it is taken and for a distance of 300 feet on each side of such stream...”. Class I cities (population
greater than 100,000) are granted authority to protect their entire watersheds.

Suggestions for effective management

The most effective management plan is the one you have the highest commitment to! If you chose to meet
only the minimum requirements, keep in mind that those minimum requirements represent an on-going
commitment to review and contact future potential contamination sources. If you can work cooperatively
with a zoning authority to adopt zoning ordinances adjacent to your source, you have increased the
effectiveness of the plan and also obtained the assistance of another agency in helping you protect your
drinking water source.
Implementation Schedule

This section of your report could be renamed “What will you do, and when will you do it?” For each of
your management strategies, identify when the strategy will start. If the strategy will be done routinely,
include a description of the frequency (ie, monthly, semi-annual, or whatever is appropriate). This
Implementation Schedule is a commitment, so make sure it is reasonable, includes all your strategies
(existing and future potential contamination sources) and suits your schedule.
Resource Evaluation

This section allows you to evaluate the financial and other resources you need to plan and carry out your
Drinking Water Source Protection Plan. It also helps you assess the resources you will need to acquire
before it can be implemented. Do you have adequate staff support? Will community volunteers help make
up any resources you are lacking? Do you need to increase your fees or water rates? The Resource
Evaluation may be as brief or as detailed as you choose.
Recordkeeping

This section of your plan should describe what records you will keep. Your binder contins a divider for
record keeping, or you may devise your own method. The types of things you should keep records of
include copies of zoning ordinances, public education program materials, permits, memoranda of
agreements, contracts, notes, scheduled visits to potential contamination sources, and the like. Also
document the required public notification, both the action and the documents.

Contingency Plan

Contingency plans are only required if they have not been submitted previously, as long as they cover all
your drinking water sources.

Contingency Plans address problems public water systems need to solve in the event of water shortages or
contamination incidents that may impact their ability to supply safe drinking water to the public.
Contingency plans should cover all drinking water sources for your system, which is why you only do one.
Prior planning helps Public Water Systems avoid crisis planning during emergency situations. Refer to
14
Guide To Ground-Water Supply Contingency Planning For Local And State Governments, (EPA 440/6-90-
003) for more information.

There are four possible parts to Contingency Plans: 1. Emergency Response; 2. Rationing; 3. Remediation;
and 4. Source Development Plans. Guidelines for developing the four possible parts of a Contingency Plan
are discussed in the remainder of this chapter. Since these guidelines may not apply to every Public Water
System or every emergency situation, each Public Water System should design a contingency plan that
addresses their needs. Include as much or as little detail as meets the needs of your system.

Emergency Response Plans

Emergency response planning focuses on short-term solutions to likely problems the Public Water
System may encounter because of accidents and natural disasters. The solutions will likely require
repairing the physical structure of the water system and sampling or issuing a "boil order" to assure that
water is safe to drink. Please refer to the Emergency Response Handbook, available from DDW at 536-
4200, for detailed guidelines on emergency response planning.

Rationing Plans

Rationing plans establish a course of action to be implemented when water shortages occur. A
shortage may be caused by drought, seasonal overuse, contamination, or accidents. Plans should contain
clearly defined, step-by-step procedures that assure the public a sufficient water supply for basic hygienic
and culinary needs. You may wish to consider the following:

1. Determine the "action level" caused by a water shortage that will trigger their rationing plan. An
"action level" is the critical water shortage that signals a Public Water System to start their
rationing plan.
2. Who will be responsible for implementing the rationing plan?
3. If there is a severe water shortage, what alternate water supplies can you use, what emergency
water supply equipment do you need, and what technical assistance might you need?
4. Develop a step-by-step procedure for implementing the water conservation measures to be taken.
5. Identify the public education, follow-through, and actions to be taken to make sure consumers are
following the rationing plan.
6. Decide how consumers and the media will be kept informed of the status of the emergency
situation.

Water Supply Decontamination Plans

After protection zones have been identified, and potential contamination sources have been inventoried,
you should decide what you will do if that contaminant reaches your drinking water source. There is only
one alternative to not decontaminating a contaminated water supply and that is to abandon the drinking
water source.
Technology is available for reducing some contaminants in drinking water to acceptable levels.
The most common example of this approach is disinfection to remove microbiological contamination.
Another example is air stripping to remove volatile organic compounds, such as solvents. As
contamination continues to threaten drinking water sources throughout the country, new remediation
technology is being developed. It is a good idea to keep up on what is currently available in the field of
remediation technology.

Source Development Plans

1. If worse came to worst, are there alternate source of drinking water you can develop or use? Start
by listing backup wells and springs currently in the system, then list abandoned wells and springs
that could possibly be reclaimed and redeveloped. Finally, list potential springs and new well sites
along with possible surface sources. Public Water Systems may want to keep this information
15
confidential to prevent others from filing a claim on a water right first. This information need not
be submitted to DDW with the Contingency Plan.

Alternatively, some water systems have reached agreements with neighboring water systems to
supply water in an emergency. These kinds of arrangements can rarely be permanent, but may be
able to carry you through an emergency.

2. What is the probable production of each of these sources and the percentage of your current and
projected needs that would be supplied by each potential source?

3. List the steps required to obtain ownership and water rights for each potential new source. Public
Water Systems may be granted water rights based on anticipated water demand.

4. Determine the approximate protection zones around each potential new well or spring. Consider
purchasing land or development rights, and enacting protective ordinances or land use agreements
to protect the water source within the protection zones.

5. Inventory all PCSs within each approximate protection zone which may affect the quality of the
drinking water now or in the future.

6. Identify the microbiological, chemical, and radiological quality of each potential drinking water
source. Ensure that all parameters are below established maximum contaminant levels (MCLs).

7. Estimate when each new drinking water source will need to be introduced into the system to meet
projected supply requirements.

8. Determine the financial resources that may be required for each drinking water source
development project. List possible sources of revenue.

9. List the positions and administrative duties of each person responsible for implementing the
drinking water source development plan.

10. Submit a Preliminary Evaluation Report to DDW concurrently with engineering plans and
specifications before construction begins on any new surface water source of drinking water.

Public Notification
The Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996 for State Source Water Assessment Programs place a
high priority on notifying the public regarding how susceptible their drinking water may be to potential
sources of contamination. The intention behind advising the public regarding susceptibility is to educate
and inform people regarding the benefits of preventing contamination and the kinds of activities that may
adversely affect sources of drinking water. It may be useful to emphasize what this does not mean, before
we discuss what is required:

 Public notification does not mean that you must highlight individual businesses, sites or locations
as potential sources of contamination.
 Public notification does not mean that you must specifically identify the location of intakes, if you
have concerns about making that information widely available.
 Public notification does not mean that public should be alarmed about their drinking water and
where it comes from; rather, they should be informed about how human activities can and do
affect all sources of water.

Appendix G contains an example of a suitable public notice, as well as guidance regarding how to
distribute them . You may use this example as a template, or you may create your own notice. You must
supply an example of your proposed public notice with your DWSP report; if the notice is not acceptable
16
you will be asked to revise it. An incomplete Public Notice may also delay concurrence with your plan. If
you chose to do your own, please be aware that the following information must be included (use this as a
checklist):

I. A map showing the watershed area and general areas of concern, including generalized locations
of PCSs. You may use the maps provided by DDW, or we can assist you in modifying them. If
you regard this as a security issue, we will waive this requirement.
II. A general discussion of the sensitivity of your watershed (perhaps topography, geology, and
vegetative cover, which is information you gathered in your susceptibility analysis).
III. A discussion regarding the general categories of PCSs found in your inventory, and how
susceptible your source may be to them.
IV. A general discussion of the health concerns associated with the PCSs in the watershed your source
area
V. A general discussion of your land management or other protection strategies.
VI. Specific information regarding how any individual can obtain a copy of your report(s).

DDW can assist you in completing an appropriate public notice, on request.

Since Utah contains numerous Public Water Systems of different types, each in a unique geographic setting
with a vastly different population basis, it is important to use a means of notifying the public that is
customized to reach the specific customers of a Public Water System. The following are general
suggestions for specific circumstances, but they are by no means the only ways for a Public Water System
to notify its customers, and a Public Water System should recommend and then use the most effective
means for their circumstances. You must specify within your DWSP report how you will notify the
public/your customers. A combination of methods may be most effective, rather than relying on one
method, especially if your system is large.
Community Water Systems:
Publish the availability of the assessment in the annual Consumer Confidence Report (CCR), as
required by the 1996 amendments to the Safe Drinking Water Act. Note that the CCR rule requires that
the CCR must, at a minimum, include a summary of a systems susceptibility to potential sources of
contamination, and information on how to obtain a copy of the assessment
Provide a summary of the results as an attachment to consumer’s water bills.
Post notices at public health departments, county buildings and libraries
 Provide notices directly to hospitals, retirement homes, and any other location where the population
may be considered sensitive.
Post a summary of results on web sites
Publish an article in the local newspaper.
Advise the public using community service messages on radio or television.

Non-transient non-community water systems:
Publish notices on boards.
Include flyers with employees pay checks
Include the information in newsletters
Enlist the assistance of employee or member organizations.

In every instance, it is very important to:

Make sure the information is understandable.
Make sure the summary describes, in a general sense, how susceptible the public water system is to
potential contamination sources (it is not necessary to specifically identify the specific sources in the
summary, although that information will be in the complete assessment, should the public wish to review
it).
Make sure the information is distributed in a timely way.
Make sure the public understands how and where it can review the entire completed assessment.

17
It is crucial that you provide a complete example of your intended public notice with your DWSP report,
and also that you propose a thorough mechanism for reaching the consumers of your water. DDW may ask
you to revise your notice, before it is sent to the public, if it doesn’t cover the material identified in this
User’s Guide.
18
Checklist

CHECKLIST FOR DEVELOPING A DRINKING WATER SOURCE PROTECTION PLAN

Process Report
Section
What to include in the report section
 Drinking Water Source Protection Report Sections and Development
For each major heading below, obtain or develop the information listed next to each
check box. Each check box represents a piece of your report that must be provided to the Division of
Drinking Water.

Delineation Report
request and obtain protection zone delineations from the Division of Drinking Water (801-536-4200),
if not already provided, or
prepare a report meeting the requirements of R309-605

Susceptibility Analysis and Determination
request and obtain inventory of larger potential contamination sources from the Division of Drinking
Water, if not already provided.
compile inventory of and collect data regarding smaller Potential Contamination Source in Zones 1
through 3 from local information (you may use the inventory report form (Appendix I) provided
by the Division of Drinking Water, or your own method);
for each Potential Contamination Source in each zone (including the Potential Contamination Source
list provided by the Division of Drinking Water), evaluate whether the Potential Contamination
Source is controlled or not controlled (the evaluation criteria are included on the inventory form in
Appendix I)
for each Potential Contamination Source, evaluate whether your drinking water source is susceptible to
that Potential Contamination Source (you may use one of the susceptibility forms (Appendix H)
provided by the Division of Drinking Water for this, or you may provide your own explanation for
your susceptibility determinations).
prioritize your inventory to reflect which Potential Contamination Sources represent the most serious
concern to your source water; show each Potential Contamination Source on a map, and identify
on your inventory which protection zone the Potential Contamination Source is located in.
Your report will include the map and information collected above, including information regarding the
locations of the Potential Contamination Sources, the protection zone they are found in, whether
the Potential Contamination Source is controlled or not, what criteria exist to show that the
Potential Contamination Source is controlled, and what specific hazards are present.

Management Plan for existing uncontrolled Potential Contamination Sources
For the three highest priority uncontrolled Potential Contamination Sources, identify a plan to manage
that uncontrolled Potential Contamination Source. Please review page 11 for ideas regarding
management of Potential Contamination Sources.

Management Plan for future Potential Contamination Sources
For potential future Potential Contamination Sources, identify a plan to manage those Potential
Contamination Sources. Please review pages 12 and 13 for ideas regarding management of future
Potential Contamination Source, and for the minimum requirements. Include at least the minimum
requirements!

Implementation
For each management plan, existing or future, identify a schedule for implementing that plan. See page
13 for further information.
19

Resource Evaluation
Discuss the resources (financial, personnel, etc) you will need to implement your plan, and how they
will be obtained if not currently available. See page 13 for further information.

Record keeping
Identify your method of record keeping. At a minimum, discuss how you will update your report, what
the frequency will be (at least every second year after approval), and what records you will keep. See
page 13 for further information.

Contingency Plan:
Contingency Plans need only be done once per system, but they must cover all your sources, whether
well, spring, and/or surface. If a plan was already submitted and approved, you do not need to do
another one. If not, provide the following discussion:

Emergency response: What do you plan to do if a sudden emergency affects the quality of your water,
and/or your ability to deliver it to your customers.
Rationing plan: What do you plan to do if you must ration water to your customers? See page 14 for
discussion of what this may entail.
Decontamination procedures: Now that you have identified potential contamination sources, what will you
do to decontaminate your water supply, should you need to? A chemical-specific discussion is
appropriate.
 Source development plans: how and where might you develop new sources if the need arises? See
page 14 for discussion of the issues you should consider.

Please note that this plan should be considered an action plan; a commitment to a particular line of
action should the unforeseen take place. Therefore, involve the appropriate stakeholders in developing
your contingency plan.

Public Notice: prepare a public notice that discusses the conclusion of your Drinking Water Source
Protection plan . See page 15 for a discussion of the necessary elements. You may use a template
provided by the Division of Drinking Water, or you may write your own. The following elements
must be included:

 A map showing the watershed area and general areas of concern, including generalized locations
of Potential Contamination Sources (map is optional)

 A general discussion of the topographic and geologic characteristics of your watershed (generally,
the factors you would use in determining how sensitive your source area is).

 A discussion regarding the general categories of Potential Contamination Sources found in your
inventory, and how susceptible your source may be to them.

 A general discussion of the health concerns associated with the Potential Contamination Sources
in the watershed your source area

 A general discussion of your land management or other protection strategies.

 Specific information regarding how any individual can obtain a copy of your report(s).

Don’t distribute your public notice until it has been reviewed and approved by the Division of Drinking
Water!

Compile the report sections listed above, and submit to the Division of Drinking Water
Receive concurrence letter after review, or respond to comments within 90 days
20
After concurrence from the Division of Drinking Water, distribute the public notice to your
customers.
Pages 15-17 provide a discussion of different methods to achieve this, or you may use any method
that seems appropriate for your community. Document that your have distributed the notice in
your record-keeping section.

Future updates:
Every two years, review your plan to see if it is still applicable. Make adjustments for changes in
land use, add new potential sources of contamination, delete old ones that may be gone.
Document this review and any changes in the recordkeeping section.

Every six years, resubmit your plan for review by the Division of Drinking Water.
21
Appendices
Appendix A - Involving the community

Community involvement is the primary characteristic of a successful Drinking Water Source Protection
program. A source protection team5 helps get the community involved. Team members should represent
the various interests of the community. Public water system personnel, local governmental representatives,
health department personnel, community residents, and industrial, agricultural, and commercial
representatives, etc. may all be included.

Source Protection Team Responsibilities

A team leader should be appointed by the Public Water System or chosen by the team. This
person should have organizational and consensus-building skills and have the support of the other team
members and the community. Once the source protection team is established, its members should
determine the team’s goals. These should include inventorying Potential Contamination Sources, and
deciding on management approaches.

Source Protection Team Functions

Many Public Water Systems use a source protection team for the planning process and then
disband it. However, since source protection is not static and is never really complete, it is a good idea to
keep a source protection team active as long as protecting ground water is an objective of your system.
With the experience team members acquire during the planning process they will be valuable resources in
working with both existing and new Potential Contamination Sources, continuing community education
programs, and following through to ensure that management approaches are effectively implemented.

Here are a few ideas to further involve the community:

 Announce all of the meetings of the source protection team and report its progress in your local
newspaper.

 Train a service group, such as Retired Senior Volunteer Program (RSVP) members, a Boy Scout
troop, or a school science class, etc., to compile information for the plan.

 Some areas have organized Watershed - Water Quality Work Groups through the Division of
Water Quality (DWQ). Contact DWQ at 801-538-6146 if you would like to participate in these
work groups in order to help meet your goals of source water protection.

 Educate the community or appropriate segments of the community concerning subjects, such as
the use and disposal of household hazardous waste, the use and maintenance of septic tank
systems, disposal of used oil, etc.

 Some people in the community may come forward with information about historic potential
contamination sites if they read or hear about your source protection objectives.
5 Participating on a watershed protection team can accomplish similar goals, with the added benefit of
emphasizing overall water quality issues throughout the watershed.
22
Appendix B – Which agency does what?

State Agencies

The Division of Water Quality

Standards of Quality for Waters of the State - R317-2, Utah Administrative Code (UAC)

Ground Water Quality Protection Rule - R317-6, UAC - The Ground Water Quality Protection
Rule establishes a permit system to regulate contaminated discharges to ground water. Any contamination
source that discharges contaminants to ground water must obtain a permit from the Division of Water
Quality. The Ground Water Quality Protection Rule contains five sections: 1. ground water quality
standards; 2. ground water classification; 3. protection levels; 4. ground water classification procedures;
and 5. ground water discharge permit system.

Underground Injection Control Rule - R317-7, UAC - The Underground Injection Control Rule
regulates the subsurface emplacement of fluids through bored, drilled, or driven wells; or through dug
wells, where the depth of the dug well is greater than the largest surface dimension. Examples of
underground injection wells include floor drains in service stations that discharge into sumps dug into the
ground or drilled wells into which wastewater or other fluids are discharged.

This rule establishes a permit system to regulate underground injection wells. The Underground
Injection Control Rule contains five parts: 1. classification of injection wells; 2. prohibition of
unauthorized injection; 3. permit requirements; 4. technical requirements; and 5. hazardous waste injection
restrictions.

Class II underground injection wells are regulated by the Division of Oil, Gas and Mining.

Utah Pollutant Discharge Elimination System Rule - R317-8, UAC - The Utah Pollutant
Discharge Elimination System (UPDES) program requires permits for the discharge of pollutants from any
point source into waters of the State. The program also applies to owners or operators of any treatment
works treating domestic sewage.

Large Underground Wastewater Disposal System Rule - R317-5 of the UAC - The Large
Underground Wastewater Disposal System Rule applies to large underground disposal systems for
domestic wastewater discharges which exceed 5,000 gallons per day (gpd) and all other domestic
wastewater discharges not covered under the definition of an "Individual wastewater disposal system."
Usually these systems should not be designed for over 15,000 gpd. In general, it is not acceptable to
dispose of industrial wastewater in an underground disposal system.

Utah Concentrated Animal Feeding Operations- A program emphasizing voluntary compliance
with standards governing discharges into streams related to animal feeding operations.

Nonpoint source 319 program – Grants are available to public agencies who are trying to mitigate
non-point sources of pollution. Priority is given to source of drinking water, although listing as an
approved TMDL is also a priority. Funding can be used for educational outreach.
23

The Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste

Hazardous Waste Rules - Resource Conservation and Recovery (RCAC) - R315-1 through R315-
15 and R315-50, UAC - The Hazardous Waste rules provide for "cradle-to-grave" management of
substances classified as hazardous wastes. Their objective is to prevent contamination of the environment,
which includes ground water, and potential adverse effects on human health. These rules also identify
those solid wastes which are subject to regulation as hazardous wastes and to notification, transportation,
and disposal requirements. Facilities that treat, store, or dispose of hazardous waste are regulated by this
rule.

Solid Waste Permitting and Management Rules (Landfills) - R315-301 through R315-320, UAC -
The Solid Waste Permitting and Management Rules are promulgated under the authority of the Solid and
Hazardous Waste Act, Chapter 6 of Title 19, to protect human health, to prevent land, air and water
pollution, and to conserve the state's natural, economic and energy resources by setting minimum
performance standards for the proper management of solid wastes originating from residential, commercial,
agricultural, and other sources.

The Division of Environmental Response and Remediation

Underground Storage Tank Rules - R311-200 through R311-211, UAC - The Underground
Storage Tank Rules protect ground water resources by preventing and detecting leaks and spills from
underground storage tanks. Sites that are contaminated by leaking underground storage tanks must be
cleaned up. Also, a fund has been established in the state to make sure that owners and operators of
underground storage tanks can pay for correcting the problems they create if their underground storage
tanks leak.

Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA commonly
called Superfund) - Section 19-6-301 through Section 19-6-325 of the Utah Code Annotated - The
Hazardous Substances Mitigation Act authorizes the executive director of the Department of
Environmental Quality to regulate hazardous substances releases by making rules consistent with the
substantive requirements of CERCLA, to establish the requirements for remedial investigation studies and
remedial action plans.

40 CFR Part 300 of the Code of Federal Regulations - The National Oil and Hazardous Substances
Pollution Contingency Plan establishes the organizational structure and specifies the procedures for
remediating pollution when oil or hazardous substances are discharged or released into the environment.

SARA Title III - 40 CFR part 355 of the Code of Federal Regulations - SARA Title III provides
early comprehensive emergency planning for responding to potential releases of toxic chemicals.

Facilities must notify the local emergency planning committee (refer to Appendix D for local
emergency planning committees in Utah) when an "extremely hazardous substance" is present in an amount
greater than the appropriate "threshold planning quantity." These facilities are required to prepare or have
available a material safety data sheet (MSDS) for each hazardous chemical and submit it to the appropriate
local emergency planning committee.

This regulation requires public access to information submitted to local emergency planning
committees. Each emergency response plan, MSDS, inventory form, toxic chemical release form, and
follow-up emergency release notification is to be made available to the general public during normal
working hours at the location designated for the local emergency planning committee.

The Division of Water Rights

Water Well Rule - R655-4, UAC - The Water Well Rule assists in the orderly development of
underground water, insures that minimum construction standards are achieved in the drilling and repairing
24
of water wells, prevents pollution of aquifers within the state, prevents wasting of flowing wells, obtains
accurate records of well drilling operations, and insures compliance with the state engineer's authority for
appropriating water.

Abandoned Water Wells - R655-4-12, UAC - These requirements are part of the Water Well Rule.
When any well is temporarily removed from service, the top of the well shall be sealed with a water-tight
cap or seal. If the well is temporarily abandoned during construction, it shall be assumed that the well is
permanently abandoned after 90 days. Any well that is to be permanently abandoned shall be completely
filled in such a manner as to prevent vertical movement of water within the borehole as well as preventing
the annular space surrounding the well casing from becoming a conduit for possible contamination of the
groundwater supply.

The Division of Oil, Gas, and Mining

Oil, Gas and Mining; Abandoned Mine Reclamation - R643, UAC - The Abandoned Mine
Reclamation Rule establishes land and water eligibility requirements, reclamation project objectives and
standards, and project selection factors. These provisions apply to all reclamation projects to be carried out
with money from the Account and administered by the Division. Lands and water are eligible for
reclamation activities if:

 They were mined or affected by mining processes;

 They were mined prior to August 3, 1977, and left or abandoned in either an unreclaimed or
inadequately reclaimed condition; and

 There is no continuing responsibility for reclamation by the operator, permittee, or agent of the
permittee under statutes of the state or federal government, or the state as a result of bond
forfeiture. Bond forfeiture will render lands or water ineligible only if the amount forfeited is
sufficient to pay the total cost of the necessary reclamation. In cases where the forfeited bond is
insufficient to pay the total cost of reclamation, additional moneys from the Account may be
sought.

Oil, Gas and Mining; Non-Coal - R647, UAC - The Non-Coal Rule establishes land and water
eligibility requirements for non-coal reclamation. Non-coal lands and water are eligible for reclamation if:

 They were mined or affected by mining processes;

 They were mined prior to August 1977, and left or abandoned in either an unreclaimed or
inadequately reclaimed condition;

 There is no continuing responsibility for reclamation by the operator, permittee, or agent of the
permittee under statutes of the state or federal government or the state as a result of bond
forfeiture. Bond forfeiture will render lands or water ineligible only if the amount forfeited is
sufficient to pay the total cost of the necessary reclamation. In cases where the forfeited bond is
insufficient to pay the total cost of reclamation, additional moneys from the Account may be
sought;

 The reclamation has been requested by the Governor;

 The reclamation is necessary for the protection of the public health and safety or all coal related
reclamation has been accomplished; and

 Moneys allocated to the Division are available for the work.

25
Oil, Gas and Mining; Coal - R645, UAC - The Coal Rule applies to coal exploration and coal
mining and reclamation operations.

Oil, Gas and Mining; Oil and Gas - R649, UAC - The Oil and Gas Rule applies to all lands in the
state in order to conserve the natural resources of oil and gas in the state, to protect human health and the
environment, to prevent waste, to protect the correlative rights of all owners and to realize the greatest
ultimate recovery of oil and gas.

Class II Injection Wells - R649-5, UAC - These requirements are part of the Oil and Gas Rule.
Class II injection wells must be completed and operated to prevent pollution or damage to any
Underground Source of Drinking Water. The application for injection must include evidence that the
proposed injection will not initiate fractures in overlying strata that could allow the injected fluid to enter
the fresh water strata. The application must also include a review of all wells within a one-half mile radius
of the injection well to determine that a conduit does not exist for fluids to move up or down the well bore
to enter other strata. The casing of the injection well must be pressure tested before use, and thereafter the
well must be tested at least once every five years, or the pressure may be monitored during injection
operations.

Pollution Surface Damage Control - R649-3-15 - These regulations control pollution effects
associated with the on-site portion of oil drilling and oil production, prior to introduction into a pipeline.

The Department of Agriculture

Pesticide Control Rule - R68-7 of the UAC - The Pesticide Control Rule requires that pesticide
application be consistent with the label for that pesticide and that pesticide application not violate the
restrictions on the use of that pesticide. Note, however, that there is no mechanism to ensure that these
requirements are followed.

Public Service Commission

Pipeline Safety, R746-409 of the UAC- Regulates intrastate pipeline transfers of natural gas.

Local Health Departments

Section 26A-1-114-(1)(a) of the Utah Code authorizes local health departments to "enforce state and local
laws, regulations, and standards relating to public health and sanitation." Cities, towns, and counties are
encouraged to enact local ordinances in conjunction with their source protection programs. Local health
departments can strengthen local protection programs since they can enforce the ordinances relating to
public health and sanitation.

Individual Wastewater Disposal Systems (Septic Tank/Drain-fields) - R317-501, UAC - These
rules apply to individual wastewater disposal systems for domestic wastewater discharges which do not
exceed 5,000 gallons per day. Plans, specifications, and a site evaluation are submitted to the local health
department having jurisdiction for review and approval prior to construction of these systems.
Construction standards apply to the building sewer, septic tank, and drain-field. Isolation distances are
required to protect wells, springs, surface water, and any other waters that might be affected by the
pollutants discharged by individual wastewater disposal systems.

The site evaluation reports information about the proposed location of the system, such as soil
percolation rates, soil classifications, and distances to ground water and bedrock. A final inspection by a
registered sanitarian from the local health department is required to ensure the system is constructed as per
plans and specifications prior to backfilling the system.

Scavenger Waste Disposal - R317-550, UAC - The Scavenger Waste Disposal Rule pertains to the
collection, storage, transportation, and disposal of all wastes by liquid scavenger operators and requires that
26
they be accomplished in a sanitary manner. It also requires these processes do not create a public health
hazard or nuisance, or adversely affect the quality of the waters of the State.
Vault and Earthen Pit Privies - R317-560, UAC - The Vault and Earthen Pit Privy Rule permits
privies as a substitute for water closets, for temporary or limited use in remote locations where provisions
for water supply or wastewater disposal pose a significant problem. The intended primary use of vault and
pit privies in this rule is for facilities such as labor camps, semi-developed and semi-primitive recreational
camps, temporary mass gatherings, and other approved uses. Potable water under pressure may or may not
be available.

Requests for the use of vault privies or earthen pit privies shall be evaluated on a case-by-case
basis by the local health department having jurisdiction and must receive the written approval of the local
health officer or his designated representative prior to the installation of such devices.

Federal Requirements

Under the Federal Safe Drinking Water Act Amendments of 1996, any department or agency of
the federal government having jurisdiction over any potential source of contaminants within drinking water
source protection zones or management areas identified by a State Drinking Water Source Protection
Program, is subject to, and must comply with, all requirements of the State's Program. This includes the
payment of reasonable charges and fees levied in connection with the management or remediation of
potential sources of ground-water contamination within drinking water source protection zones or
management areas.

Federal Agencies

Bureau of Land Management Resource Management Plans

National Forest Standards and Guidelines
27
Appendix C - Who should I call?

Division of Environmental Response and Remediation:

CERCLA Sites, Underground Storage Tanks, 801-536-4100

Division of Water Quality:

Utah CAFO Strategy: Rand Fisher [phone]
Watershed Planning Committees: Harry Judd [phone]

Utah Farm Bureau

Utah CAFO Strategy: Water Quality Director - Mark Peterson (801-233-3014),
[e-mail]

Division of Solid and Hazardous Waste

RCRIS/RCRA Sites: 801-538-6170

Division of Oil, Gas and Mining

Abandoned Mines: 801-538-5340

Division of Pubic Utilities

Pipeline Safety: 801-530-6651

These phone numbers and names were valid on Friday, May 16, 2014; you may request
an updated list from the Division of Drinking Water at 801-536-4200, if necessary.
28
Appendix D - Emergency Planning Committees

SARA Title III requires Local Emergency Planning Committees to maintain information about
toxic chemicals that are stored, used, or manufactured at Potential Contamination Sources above
certain threshold amounts. The information they maintain is available to the public upon request.
They may also be able to furnish you with Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for the
chemicals at the Potential Contamination Sources within their county. MSDSs can also be
obtained on the Internet at “http://MSDS.PDC.CORNELL.EDU/issearch/msdssrch.htm”

When hazardous material spills occur on roads and highways within your protection zones, the
chairperson of your local emergency planning committee will take charge of coordinating
emergency response. You should contact this committee, provide them with a map of your
protection zones, and ask them to notify you if there is a spill so you can provide them with
important information about your well or spring. Your Drinking Water Source Protection plan
contains information that is a valuable resource in emergency response decisions. This
information includes the distance from the spill to your intake.

LOCAL EMERGENCY PLANNING COMMITTEES FOR COUNTIES
(Information current on May 10, 2000)
County Chairperson Address Phone
Beaver Dale R. Maples
Beaver Co. Sheriff’s Dept. PO Box 391
Beaver, UT 84731 [phone]

Box Elder Lynn Yeates, Co-Chairperson
Box Elder Co. Sheriff’s Dept. Box 888 -21 South Main
Brigham City, UT 84302 [phone]
Cache Jeff Peterson, Chairperson
Cache Co. Fire Dept. 50 W 200 N Suite D
Logan, UT 84321 [phone]
Carbon Dennis Dooley, Chairperson
Carbon Co. Emergency Mgmt 120 E Main
Price, UT 84501 [phone]
Daggett Winston Slaugh, Deputy Director

PO Box 176
Manila, UT 84046 [phone]
Davis Brian Law, Chairperson
Davis Co. Sheriff’s Office PO Box 618
Farmington, UT 84025 [phone]
Duchesne Georg Adams, County Director

PO Box 298
Duchesne, UT 84021 [phone]
Emery Bryant Anderson, Acting PO Box 417
Castle Dale, UT 84513 [phone]
Garfield Chris Hatch, Acting PO Box 370
Panguitch, UT 84759 [phone]
Grand Doug Squire, Co-Chairperson
Grand Co. Sheriff’s Office 125 E Center
Moab, UT 84532 [phone]
Iron Dude Benson, County Director
Iron County Sheriff’s Dept. PO Box 622
Cedar City, UT 84720 [phone]
29
Juab Gary Corbin, Acting
Juab Co. Sheriff’s Office PO Box 133
Nephi, UT 84648 [phone]
Kane Dave Owens
Kane Co. Emergency Mgmt. 76 N Main
Kanab, UT 84741 [phone]
Millard Forrest Roper, Chairperson
Millard Co. Sheriff’s Office Star Route Box 50
Fillmore, UT 84631 [phone]
Morgan Terry Turner, Co-Chairperson
Morgan Co. Emergency Mgmt Courthouse, PO Box 886
Morgan, UT 84050 [phone]
Piute Sheriff Marty Gleave PO Box 145
Junction, UT 84740 [phone]
Rich Dan Ames 109 N 200 E
Laketown, UT 84038 [phone]
Salt Lake Dennis Stanley 440 S 300 E
SLC, UT 84111 [phone]
San Juan Rick Bailey PO Box 9
Monticello, UT 84535 [phone]
Sanpete Bevin Blackham 241 N. 100 W.
Fairview, UT 84646 [phone]
Sevier Jim Porter 180 N Main
Richfield, UT 84701 [phone]
Summit Al Cooper 110 Zermat Strasse (Summit Park)
Park City, UT 84098 [phone]
Tooele Harrry Shinton 47 S Main
Tooele, UT 84047 [phone]
Uintah Rick Salazer PO Box 1230
Vernal, UT 84078 [phone]
Utah Coy Porter 80 S 300 W
Provo, UT 84601 [phone]
Wasatch Kent J. Berg, Acting 805 W 100 S
Heber City, UT 84032 [phone]
Washington Dean Cox 197 E Tabernacle
St George, UT 84770 [phone]
Wayne Vicky Bower PO Box 387
Loa, UT 84747 [phone]

Weber Sherrie Ellis 457 26th St.
Ogden UT 84401 [phone]

30
Appendix E - Electronic forms on disc

The disc provided by the Division of Drinking Water in your source water protection binder contains forms
and information sheets to assist you in developing your Drinking Water Source Protection plan. You are
not required to use the forms, but if you unsure about how to start some of the required work, the forms
may help guide you through the process.

Fact Sheets: General information about Potential Contamination Sources is contained in the Fact Sheets
listed below. They are intended to be used to provide information about Potential Contamination Sources
and to make general best management and pollution prevention practice recommendations. They are not
intended to be used as a "cookbook" for source protection. You may find them helpful in getting started
with public education activities; however, best management and pollution prevention strategies should be
tailored to fit the specific situations at each Potential Contamination Source. You are encouraged to
develop well thought out protection strategies that will effectively protect the quality of your drinking
water.

Dry Cleaning (dryclean.wpd or .doc)
Fertilizer (fertiliz.wpd or .doc)
Household Hazardous Waste (househaz.wpd or .doc)
Junkyards (junkyard.wpd or .doc)
Metal Finishers (metalfin.wpd or .doc)
Pesticides (pesticid.wpd or .doc)
Pollution Prevention (P2_shw.wpd or .doc)
Printing Shops (printshp.wpd or .doc)
Septic Tank/Drain-field Systems (septic_s.wpd or .doc)
Vehicle Maintenance & Repair (vehicle.wpd or .doc)

Susceptibility forms: two forms are provided: a matrix (suscept-Matrix.wpd) approach, and a narrative
(suscept-narra.wpd) approach. The matrix approach allows you to evaluate factors that contribute to how
susceptible your source water may be, assign a score to those factors, and rank potential contamination
sources by their score. The narrative approach allows you to discuss, in a more qualitative way, the same
types of factors. The susceptibility matrix is also provided as an interactive worksheet in Excel format
(suscept.xls). If you use the interactive version, the form will calculate the final susceptibility score for
you.

Public Notification form/template: the pubic notification form provided is an acceptable public notice for
any water system. If you use this form, you must replace the information in it to refer to your own system.

Inventory Form: the inventory form (survey_fm.wpd) provides guidance on collecting relevant
information on potential contamination sources, and assessing whether the Potential Contamination Source
is controlled or not.

Standard Report Formats: Following these formats for your Preliminary Evaluation Report or your
Drinking Water Source Protection plan allows for more timely and speedier review of your submittals.
Please use these formats for the applicable sections of your report.
31
Appendix F - Information available on the web

The State of Utah Automated Geographic Reference Center (AGRC) has geographic
information system data available on their web site at no charge. They also provide links
to various county web sites where you can obtain Geographic Information System data
(there is a charge for some of the county data). You can find the AGRC site at:
http://www.its.state.ut.us/agrc. This office is located in the State Office Building, 450 N
Main, SLC, UT, and can be contacted at 538-3163.

The Salt Lake County Recorders office provides on-line access to property owner
information. You can find their site at: http://recims.co.slc.ut.us/parims/parims.html

EPA maintains a web site dedicated to source water assessment and protection (SWAP).
The SWAP web site is located at http://www.epa.gov/safewater/protect.html

The Ground Water Protection Council (GWPC) also maintains a web site with source
water protection information. The GWPC site is located at:
http://gwpc.site.net/sourcewater

EPA provides watershed specific information at http://www.epa.gov/adopt/ The “Adopt
a Waterbody “ site highlights citizen involvement in watershed protection.

The Enviromapper web site, located at http://www.epa.gov/enviro/html/em/index.html
showcases interactive maps that allow you to locate areas of interest by zip code and
identify possible sources of contamination. The same site also offers an interactive map
that allows a user to select the area of the country they are interested in and identify
watershed quality issues for that location.

The U.S. Department of Agriculture, in cooperation with several other agencies, has
developed a manual on stream restoration. Their web site, at
http://www.usda.gov/stream_restoration/newgra.html provides information on ordering a
copy (paper or CD-ROM). Sections of the manual can be reviewed on the web site and
downloaded individually, for free.

Free software is available from the Software for Environmental Awareness site at
http://www.epa.gov/grtlakes/seahome/index.html
Software includes covers many environmental topics, including agricultural pollution
prevention, on-site waste management, wellhead protection, and surface water
contamination.

EPA’s Office of Pollution Prevention offers numerous fact sheets, including many with
chemical specific information: http://www.epa.gov/opptintr/facts.htm

Local Emergency Planning Committees (see also Appendix D): These committees
maintain information about toxic substances that are stored or used at Potential
Contamination Source facilities. SARA Title III requires these committees to maintain
32
information about toxic chemicals that are stored, used, or manufactured at these facilities
above certain threshold amounts. The information they maintain is available to the public
upon request. Local Emergency Planning Committees may also be able to furnish you
with Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs). These information sheets provide
information about the properties and health effects of the toxic chemicals used at these
sites. If they can't furnish you with the specific MSDSs you need, the chemical
manufacturer is required to provide them to you upon request. MSDSs are also available
on the Internet at http://MSDS.PDC.CORNELL.EDU/issearch/msdssrch.htm . Refer to
Appendix D for a list of the Local Emergency Planning Committees in Utah.

The Division of Water Rights: This division of state government maintains information
about the locations of wells that have been drilled in Utah. Additionally, they maintain
files containing the Report of Well Driller for these wells. This division is located at
1636 W North Temple, SLC, UT, and can be contacted at 538-7240. The division also
provides on-line access to many of their records at no charge:
http://nrwrt1.nr.state.ut.us/.

The Department of Community and Economic Development: This department publishes
the Directory of Business and Industry. It contains listings for business and
manufacturing firms that have more than ten employees. These listings are classified by
a "standard industrial code." This department is located at 324 S State, SLC, UT, and can
be contacted at 538-8700.

County Planning Offices: Some counties maintain a Geographic Information System
database of land use, zoning, and development within county boundaries. They may be
able to provide you with maps showing land use, land fills, locations of developments
with septic systems, and the like.
33
Appendix G - Example of Public Notification

Modify this example so that it represents your system!

Source Water Assessment Summary for Surface Water
Source Water Assessment Public Summary
XYZ Public Water System
Insert date
Introduction
The XYZ Public Water Supplier is completing assessments of potential contamination threats to
the raw water quality of its public drinking water sources as required by the 1996 Safe Drinking
Water Act and by R309-600 and 605 of the State of Utah Drinking Water regulations. XYZ has
prepared this Source Water Assessment Public Summary to provide information to its customers
regarding local and state efforts to protect the raw water quality of XYZ’s drinking water source.
This assessment is for the watershed that provides water to the XYZ Public Water Supplier. The
assessment is of “source” (river, lake, reservoir) rather than “tap” water. Information on "tap"
water quality is available in XYZ Public Water Supplier’s Consumer Confidence Report that can
be obtained by calling insert number.
What is the Source of Your Drinking Water?
The source of water for the XYZ Public Water Supplier is type of surface water from _location__
(see attached map). An average of ___________ gallons of water is withdrawn from the river,
lake, reservoir each day. The water system serves a population of approximately ___________
customers. The location of XYZ’s water supply intake is ______________- as shown on the
attached map (it is not mandatory to identify the location of the intake). The map also shows the
boundaries of the watershed. The watershed area is ___________ acres, and covers parts of
______, ________, and ____________ counties. ___________ is the largest stream in the
watershed and is fed by ____________ as well as numerous smaller tributaries. Approximately
___percent of the watershed is forested, __ percent is used for agriculture (pasture and row
crops), ____% of the area is developed for residential, commercial or industrial uses, and the
remaining _______ % is ____________(These numbers can be obtained from the land use
reports provided by the Division of Drinking Water). There are approximately ____________
people living within the watershed.
Water Quality and Water Treatment Information
Water withdrawn from source name is describe treatment(filtered, chlorinated, etc) prior to
distribution to customers. Water quality testing performed by XYZ indicated that results of tap
water sampling done in year were acceptable/not acceptable.
Evaluation of Significant Potential Sources of Contamination
This assessment evaluates contaminants that may enter the water drawn directly from source
name before treatment. The contaminants addressed in this assessment include those regulated
under the federal Safe Drinking Water Act as well as those that XYZ has determined may present
a concern to health. Descriptions of the significant potential sources of contamination
associated with the insert name watershed are provided below. Each significant potential source
of contamination has been analyzed and given a qualitative susceptibility rating (explain ranking,
34
if necessary) according to its potential to impact the water supply. Potential sources of
contamination are summarized below.
Potential Sources
of Contamination
Contaminants of
Concern
Description Potential Impact to
Source Water Quality
Sewage discharges
(see map)
bacteria, virus
pathogens,
including giardia
and
cryptosporidium
Water discharged from
wastewater treatment plants
and untreated wastewater
from failing septic tank
systems
Use your ranking from
susceptibility assessment:
appropriate terms may
include high, medium or low,
numerical, or alphabetical
rankings (A,B,C and so on)
Agricultural Activities nitrogen and
phosphorus
fertilizer: phosphorus
causes algal bloom and
eutrophication in Lake
Ontelaunee, nitrates and
phosphorus assoc. with
agricultural use

(same as above) pesticides,
herbicides,
insecticides
weed control and insect
control applied to crop
lands

As indicated above, both treated and untreated sewage discharges into the watershed may be
significant sources of pathogens (germs) that can cause waterborne diseases. A combination of
(describe treatment) at XYZ’s water treatment plant removes and/or destroys most of these
pathogens. A concern remains about cryptosporidium and giardia since these pathogens cause
intestinal diseases which can be very serious for people with a weakened immune system, those
undergoing chemotherapy or dialysis, transplant patients, and people with Crohn’s disease or
HIV infection. Fortunately, filtration removes about 99% of such pathogens before water
reaches the tap.
Giardia and cryptosporidium pathogens have been found in source name and its tributaries. This
is probably attributable to sewage discharges from wastewater treatment facilities and failed
septic systems, fecal matter from farm animals close to or entering the waterways, and perhaps
wildlife. Levels of these pathogens appear to increase in stream water following a heavy
precipitation event. Elevated levels of fecal coliform (a form of bacteria from human waste) were
detected downstream of sewer treatment plants within the watershed, and in Source Name
immediately downstream of the villages of __________and _____________.
In terms of nutrient contaminants in the watershed, phosphorus levels were generally normal
with the exception of elevated levels in streams below waste water treatment facilities and small
unsewered villages. Elevated levels of nitrates were linked to sewage, agricultural activities, and
possibly fertilizer applications at golf courses in the watershed.
Ongoing Watershed Protection Activities
State and federal agencies regulate direct discharge of regulated contaminants in this watershed.
The ____________________ (a non-profit environmental organization) is active in further
characterizing water quality within the watershed and recommending measures to reduce
35
contaminants that may adversely impact the quality of XYZ’s water supply. Other volunteer and
government agencies are working cooperatively to address contamination within the Source
Name watershed.
Source Water Protection Needs
Based on the evaluation that was completed as part of this Source Water Assessment, XYZ has
determined that existing state and local programs should provide adequate protection of this
drinking water source. Several “hot spots” in the watershed, however warrant special attention to
reduce levels of pathogens in stream water. Emphasis should be placed on improving poorly
functioning septic systems and optimizing wastewater treatment plant performance to minimize
the discharge of fecal contaminants and pathogens such as cryptosporidium. Better
understanding of the risks associated with cryptosporidium may result in the need to enhance
protection (or treatment).
How to Obtain Additional Information
This Source Water Assessment Public Summary was completed in insert date. Individuals
interested in learning more about this water system and watershed can contact XYZ Public Water
System at provide phone number.
36
Appendix H - Examples of Susceptibility Analyses

Susceptibility Analysis - Narrative Approach Example
(One susceptibility analysis per potential contamination source or related potential contamination sources)
Infrastructure Integrity
Infrastructure refers to the conveyance structures and equipment to move
water from the source to the surface water intake and into the distribution system.
Integrity means the quality of design, construction, maintenance and the state of repair of
the infrastructure. Public water systems should review the following factors in assessing
infrastructure integrity.

Design : Does the infrastructure design meet current state code ?
Is the infrastructure design appropriate for the hydrogeologic setting?
Is the intake located in deep water, away from shore, or is shallow water closer to shore?
Construction : Is there construction documentation for the infrastructure ?
Are the materials and equipment that were used appropriate for the hydrogeologic setting?

Maintenance : Has there been an operative maintenance schedule in place since construction ?
Is the maintenance schedule appropriate for the design and construction of the specific infrastructure
?

State of Repair
: Has the infrastructure been operating reliably during the last 5 years ?
If not, why not ?

Hydrogeologic / Hydrologic Sensitivity
Hydrogeologic sensitivity and hydrologic sensitivity refers to the transport of
contamination from any point within a recharge area or watershed to a surface water
intake; higher sensitivity ratings apply to geologic settings through which contamination
can move more readily or quickly and lower sensitivity ratings apply to geologic settings
through which contamination can move less quickly. Sensitivity does not address the
question of whether contamination is present in the watershed or recharge area. Public
water systems should review the following factors in assessing hydrogeologic /
hydrologic sensitivity.

SURFACE WATER
Intake Environment : Intakes in turbid water or near shore are more sensitive than intakes away from shore in clear
water.
Slopes : Water fed from steep slopes is more sensitive than water fed from shallow slopes.
Plant Coverage : Water fed from land w/ no vegetation is more sensitive than water fed from land w/ thick
vegetation.
Soil Permeability : Water fed from paved surfaces is more sensitive than water fed from highly permeable top soils.
37

Potential Sources of Contamination, Assessment of Controls and Prioritization

SURFACE WATER
CONTROLS: Using the criteria in Chapter 5, step 4, determine if the source is controlled. Then use the
following criteria to prioritize your uncontrolled Potential Contamination Sources (and any
other criteria that may apply)
Acute Health Effects : Sources of contamination with acute health effects may present greater public health risk
than sources of contamination with chronic health effects.
Distance to Intake : Potential Contamination Sources located closer to drinking water wells or intakes usually
present greater risk than Potential Contamination Sources further away.
Point / Nonpoint Source
: Point sources usually have greater disaster potential than nonpoint sources, but are also
more easily managed.
Federal / State
Regulation : Potential Contamination Sources falling under federal or state regulatory programs are
likely to be better managed than unregulated Potential Contamination Sources.
Containment
Infrastructure: Are there physical barriers to contaminant release ?
Containment Practices : Are the standard operating practices designed to prevent contaminant release ?
Contingency Plans : Are there contingency plans for accidental release and are operations personnel familiar
with them ?

SUSCEPTIBILITY ANALYSIS

SURFACE WATER Evaluate the interrelationship between the intake integrity, sensitivity of the setting, and the
potential contamination sources.
Dominant Factors :

Sensitivity Rating:
(high, medium or
low)

38
Susceptibility Analysis - Matrix Approach Example
(One susceptibility analysis per potential contamination source)

Public Water Systems are not required to use a matrix, or any other quantitative
approach to assessing the susceptibility of their source water to potential contamination
sources. However, if you have many potential contamination sources to assess, a matrix
approach provides some assurance that your assessment is unbiased, and based on
objective criteria. An example of a matrix is provided for your benefit, should you wish
to use such an approach. Other examples exist, and the Division of Drinking Water
would be happy to assist you in identifying other mechanisms for conducting a
susceptibility assessment.

In a matrix approach, the factors that go in to an assessment are assigned a numeric
value, and the sum of the values gives you a susceptibility “score”. When a score has
been assigned to each potential contamination source, you can rank the sources based on
their score to determine which contamination sources your source waters may be most
susceptible to.

Susceptibility Analysis:

Name of potential contamination source:
__________________________________________________

Infrastructure/intake condition (20% of score)

Does the design
meet applicable
codes and/or
regulations?
Is there
construction
documentation,
and are the
materials
appropriate for
the setting?
Is there an
operative,
appropriate,
maintenance
schedule?
Has the infrastructure
been operating reliably
in the last 5 years?
Able to bypass
intake in event
of upstream spill
Yes = 0 pts Yes = 0 pts Yes = 0 pts Yes = 0 pts Bypass present &
functional = 0
Unknown = 4 pts

Unknown = 4 pts Unknown = 4 pts Unknown = 4 pts Bypass present/not
functioning
= 2 pts
No = 4 pts No = 4 pts No = 4 pts No = 4 pts No bypass = 4 pts

Total Intake Points _________ (MAXIMUM IS 20)

39
Hydrogeologic/hydrologic sensitivity (20% of score)

Intake Environment Slopes Vegetative cover Soil Permeability
Far from shore, deep
water, clear = 0 pts
Less steep or flat terrain =
0 pts
Highly vegetated = 0 pts Highly permeable
soil = 0 pts
Near shore, shallow
water, turbid = 5 pts
Steep slopes = 5 pts Light or little vegetation =
5 pts
Impermeable soil or
pavement = 5 pts

Total Sensitivity Points _________ (MAXIMUM IS 20)

Potential Sources of Contamination and Controls (60% of score)
Is Potential Contamination
Source controlled? (see
criteria on inventory sheet)
Do contaminants have
acute health effects?
Is there a Contingency
Plan, and are operations
personnel familiar with the
plan?
How close is the Potential
Contamination Source to
the intake?*
Yes = 0 No = 0 Yes = 0 With 100 feet of intake: 15
pts
No = 25 Yes = 10 No = 10 Elsewhere in zone 1: 10 to
15
Unknown = 25 Unknown = 10 Unknown = 10 Zone 2: 5 to 10
Zone 3: 0 to 5
Zone 4: 0 to 5
*Assign the lower range of the score in areas that you have determined are not hydrologically sensitive.
Use the higher range for more sensitive hydrologic settings.

Total Potential Contamination Source Hazards and Controls Points ____________
(MAXIMUM IS 60)

When infrastructure, sensitivity, and Potential Contamination Source/Controls are
evaluated, sum the scores assigned to each factor.

TOTAL SUSCEPTIBILITY SCORE FOR THIS POTENTIAL
CONTAMINATION SOURCE (SUM OF POINTS FOR INFRASTRUCTURE,
SENSITIVITY, AND POTENTIAL CONTAMINATION SOURCE HAZARDS
AND CONTROLS): _______ (MAXIMUM IS 100)

When each potential contamination source is scored, use your scores to prioritize your
inventory of all potential contamination sources (higher scores are higher priority), which
will allow you to identify the potential contamination sources of the most concern.

40
Appendix I - Example Potential Contamination Source Inventory Form

POTENTIAL CONTAMINATION SOURCE SURVEY FORM
(One form per potential contamination source, or related PCS!)

Priority Rank # Protection Zone

Potential Contamination Source Activity

Contact Person Owner/Operator

Address/Location Telephone

Identify Potential Contamination Source Hazards

Circle the material(s) listed below that are used, disposed, stored, transported, or manufactured
within the protection area. 20,000 gal stored & sold/month, 400 gal discharged/day, or 10 lbs
applied/acre/year are examples of how to enter amounts:

1. PCB
Amount_____________________
12. Naptha
Amount_____________________
23. Organic solvents
Amount_____________________
2. Dioxin
Amount
13. Mineral Spirits
Amount_____________________
24. Caustics
Amount_____________________
3. Crude Oil
Amount_____________________
14. Vermin Poison
Amount_____________________
25. Alcohols
Amount_____________________
4. Gasoline
Amount_____________________
15. Nematicides
Amount_____________________
26. Amines
Amount_____________________
5. Diesel Oil
Amount_____________________
16. Herbicides
Amount_____________________
27. Aldehydes
Amount_____________________
6. Other Distillate Fuel
Amount_____________________
17. Fungicides
Amount_____________________
28. Radioactive Material
Amount_____________________
7. Asphalt or other residuals
Amount_____________________
18. Insecticides
Amount_____________________
29. Brines Amount_____________________
8. Animal or vegetable oils
Amount_____________________
19. Antibiotics
Amount_____________________
30. Sewage/wastewater
Amount_____________________
9. Waste Oil
Amount_____________________
20. Fertilizers
Amount_____________________
31. Unknown/other (describe)
Amount_____________________
10. Other Oil
Amount_____________________
21. Metals
Amount_____________________
32. Unknown/other (describe)
Amount_____________________
11. Petroleum Solvents
Amount_____________________
22. Acids Amount_____________________ 33. Unknown/other (describe)
Amount_____________________

List any copies of Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) for the substances circled above that the
potential contamination source furnished you:

(Chemical manufacturers or importers will furnish missing MSDSs upon request)

If this potential contamination source produces any waste streams, list them:

41

Does this potential contamination source result in any nonpoint source pollution? Describe:

Identify Controls

There are four types of controls which may be used to assess a potential contamination source
hazard as adequately controlled. Check the control which applies to this hazard (choose only
one):

 Regulatory
 Operational
 Physical
 Negligible Quantity

If this is a regulatory control, cite specific references in the regulation, rule, or ordinance which
pertain to controlling this hazard:

If this is a regulatory control, identify the enforcement agency:
If this a regulatory control, have you verified that this hazard is actually being regulated by the
enforcement agency: Yes  or No 

If this is an operational control, list the best management practices/pollution prevention
techniques which are being used to control this hazard:

If this is a physical control (excluding geology), describe it:

If this is a negligible quantity control, identify the hazardous substance and quantity being used:

Explain how this control will prevent surface-water contamination:

Is this hazard adequately controlled: Yes  or No 
If yes, no further land management strategies will be planned and implemented unless conditions
change.

Set a reassessment date for this control: